this is "gps," the global public square. welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. today on the show -- melting ice. violently powerful storms and ever more sweltering temperatures. climate change. just how bad is it. former vice president al gore on the state of the planet. >> this is for real. were we not to take a hold of it and solve it, it -- the consequences would be too catastrophic to even imagine. >> he will also weigh in on the state of american politics. >> from my point of view, the worst of it is that it's

producing constant distractions. >> will he jump in to fix the mess? wouldn't it make sense for you to run for president? also, the weakened world affairs. russia, venezuela, north korea. and will america get a new immigration policy? i have a great panel to discuss. finally, an american red state taking cues from a much derided socialist scandinavian country. in the prisons of north dakota. is there a lesson for all of america? i'll explore. but first, here's my take. in 1992, pennsylvania's governor, robert casey, a democrat dedicated to the working class, asked to speak at the national convention in new york city. he wanted to propose a pro life plant for the party platform mostly as a way of affirming his catholic beliefs. he fully understood that the motion would be voted down. but the democratic party refused

to permit him even to air his views. so great was his heresy. in his brief, brilliant forthcoming book, the once and future liberal, it's written that sent a strong signal to working class catholic and evangelical voters that if they did not fall in line on this one issue they were in longer welcome in the party. i wonder if today the democrats are making the same mistake on immigration. to be clear, i think that the bill that the republicans rolled out this week is bad public policy and mean-spirited symbolism. but that's not the issue. this book acknowledges that he is a pro-choice absolutist on abortion but he argues that a national party must build a big tent who accommodates people who dissent from the main party line on a few issues. in his view, there is a larger crisis within american liberalism. the movement has had two very different visions. the first was franklin roosevelt's.

a collective national effort to help all americans participate in the country's economic and political life. its symbol was two hands shaking, an affirmation of the binding strength of national unity. the more recent liberal project has been centered on identity, affirming not unity but difference, nurturing and celebrating not national identities but subnational ones, women, hispanics, native americans, african-americans, asian-americans. the author notes a recurring image of identity liberalism is that of a prison refracting a single beam of light into its constituent colorsducing a rainbow. this says it all. immigration is the perfect issue on which democrats can demonstrate that they care about national unity and identity and that they understand the voters for whom this is a core concern. look at the democracy funds voter survey in the wake of the 2016 election. if you compared two groups of voters, those who voted for

barack obama in 2012, and then hillary clinton in 2016, and those who voted for obama in 2012 and donald trump in 2016, the single biggest divergence on policy between those two groups is immigration. in other words, there are many americans who are otherwise sympathetic to democratic ideas but on a few key issues, principally immigration, think the party is out of touch. and they are right. consider the facts. legal immigration in america has expanded dramatically over the last four decades. in 1970, 4.7% of the american population was foreign born. today it's 13.4%. that's a large shift in a small periods of time, and it's natural that it has caused some anxiety. and the anxiety is about more than just jobs. in his 2004 book "who are we," the harvard scholar sammy huntington asserted that america can more than just a founding

ideology. it had a culture, one that had shaped it powerfully. would america be the america it is today if in the 17th and 18th centuries it had been settled not by british protestants but by french, spanish, or portuguese catholics, huntington asked? the answer is, no, it would no the be america. it would be quebec, mexico, or brazil. democrats must find a middle path on immigration. they can battle trump's drastic solutions, but still speak in the language of national unity and identity. the country's motto, after all, is out of many one. not the other way around. for more, go to cnn.com/fareed and read my "washington post" column this week. and let's get started. 11 years ago, a movie was

released that woke many people up to the fact that the earth was warming and humans were to blame. the film was called "an inconvenient truth," and its star was the former vice president, al gore. gore who had been shouted from the rooftops about climate change for decades was finally getting heard. the film was awarded the oscar for best documentary and gore himself won the nobel peace prize the following year. now gore and the filmmakers are back with a sequel, "an inconvenient sequel, truth to power," was released nationwide on friday two years after president trump announced america's withdrawal from the paris climate change agreement. this week i talked to gore at an event hosted by the think tank new america and he begins here by talking about the state of the climate right now. >> here in the u.s., in just the last seven years, we have had 11 once in a 1,000-year events. they're now fairly common place.

in one year last year, houston, texas had two 1 in 500-year events and one 1 in 1,000-year event. the increase in air temperatures in india just set its all-time high temperature record. the hottest year ever measured globally was last year. the second hottest the year before, the third hottest the year before that. 16 of the 17 hotest have been flt last 17 years. every night on the tv news is like a nature hike through the book of revelation. though scientists have long connected the dots, the carbon polluters have mounted that lavishly funded rear guard action to pretend there's still a debate. but again mother nature is piercing that veil and conden convincing people that whether they want to use the terms global warming or climate crisis or not they can see for themselves with the evidence of their own senses that things are really changing for the worst.

>> what are we seeing when we watch that very dramatic greenland footage. >> in april of this year, the temperature over greenland was much higher than normal. the engineer on one of the helicopters took a video during this temperature spike. those are parts of the glacier just exploding with the high temperatures. >> what exactly are we watching and why is it so important? >> well, the land-based ice on greenland would if at all melt raise sea level worldwide about 20 feet. most threatened cities in the world by population are calcutta, mumbai, you can go down the list of many of them in asla and south asia. by assets at risk, number one city in the world at risk is m miami. i saw fish from the ocean swimming in the streets of miami beach on a sunny day simply

because it was a high tide. >> kinds of hard to pump the ocean. >> bangladesh, of course, has tens of millions of people in the low-lying delta areas. some of them got used to rebuilding their lives every 20 years. now it is once every six or seven years. and so the climate refugees moving northward have caused india to complete the largest steel fence in the world on their southern border with bangladesh. and the migrants from the hard-hit drought areas, climate related droughts, particularly in the eastern mediterranean, but in large regions of the middle east and north africa. right now according to the united nations, 20 million people are at risk of starvation, the largest humanitarian catastrophe since 1945 according to the u.n. in iran a couple of years ago, one of their cities had a heat index, the combination of heat and humidity, of 74 degrees

celsius. 165 degrees fahrenheit. and no human being can live for more than five or six hours outdoors in those conditions. >> do you think that when you look at the future, you are able to maintain your optimism given the kind of pretty bleak picture of what you are describing happening right now and the reality that a large amount of this pollutant is already out there? >> well, nothing compared to what would be up there if we don't stop it now. if we don't cut way back on it. there was a famous economist who you may have known, rudy dornbush who once said things take longer to happen than you think they will. and then they happen much faster than you thought they could. we've seen that with these technology deployment curves. a decade ago when my first movie came out the solar deployment curve had a long flat line that was just beginning to slope upward.

now it has shot way up. the same thing happened with cell phones. the same thing has happened with other technologies. that pattern also describes some political and social revolutions. i grew up in the south when the civil rights movement was gaining momentum. believe me, the resistance to civil rights was at least as ferocious as the resistance to the climate movement and solving the climate crisis. in the antiapartheid movement, nelson mandela once said, it's always impossible until it is done. and we are right at that tipping point where the climate movement is concerned. and the agreement 18 months ago in paris was a truly historic breakthrough. virtually every country in the world agreed to go to net zero global warming pollution by mid century or as soon thereafter as possible. since the paris agreement, we've seen that powerful signal sent

to investors, to industry, to business. i understand ya, again, just announced two months ago that in only 13 years, 100% of their new cars and trucks are going to have to be electric vehicles. that's faster than what the united states is doing. and we're seeing dramatic changes like that driven by economics and driven by the awareness dawning on millions more people every day that this is for real. and we have an obligation to our kids and to ourselves, because it is beginning to affect us. this city here in new york city, in the first movie the single most controversial scene perhaps was the prediction from the scientists that the world trade 9/11 memorial center would be flooded by the ocean water with the combination of sea level rise and storm surge. and they said that's ridiculous. but when super storm sandy came from the atlantic, it crossed ocean waters that were 9 degrees

fahrenheit warmer than normal, and it became very powerful, very broad, filled with moisture. and the world trade center site flooded many years ahead of predictions. >> so those were gore's thoughts about the earth's climate. what does he have to say about the political climate in america today? he doesn't hold back there either. when we come back.

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allergic reactions, kidney injuries, and capillary leak syndrome have occurred. report abdominal or shoulder tip pain, trouble breathing or allergic reactions to your doctor right away. in patients with sickle cell disorders, serious, sometimes fatal crises can occur. the most common side effect is bone and muscle ache. so why go back there? if you'd rather be home, ask your doctor about neulasta onpro. why are america's politics so broken? is there a single cause? are there solutions? former vice president al gore has some very blunt words about washington's dysfunctions and corruption. >> there are a lot of people who look at the trump administration and say, you know, nothing is getting done, there's

incompetence, there's chaos. but, it has withdrawn from the paris climate agreement. scott pruitt, the energy -- >> epa. >> -- the epa administrator has said that he intends to roll back as many of the obama era regulations as he can. >> yeah. >> we don't quite know what the department of of energy is doing but apparently they are also making efforts. how significant is this roll-back that is taking place under the trump administration? does it worry you? >> yes, it does. some of it is being stopped by the congress. the so-called methane rule is defeated in the senate. states are countermanding a lot of this, and local governments are, as well. but they are trying to codify some of these destructive changes to eliminate environmental regulations. pruitt just announced that he wants to lift the rule preventing mercury and other pollution in waterways that feed

drinking water supplies. it's really almost incomprehensible. but here is the good news, fareed. there is a law of physics that often operates in politics as well. for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. in reaction to trump and his cadre of rogue gallery of climate deniers, there is a reaction now that is producing the greatest upsurge in climate activism and activism for better health care and so forth that i've ever seen. and we're seeing all over country mayors step up and say, no, we're still in the paris agreement. in the president's speech withdrawing from paris he said he was the president of pittsburgh, not paris. the next day the mayor of pittsburgh said, no, we're still in the paris agreement. and announced a goal of going to 100% renewable energy.

>> what do you make of the chaos in the white house? have you ever seen anything like this? >> never. never. and from my point of view the worst of it is that it's producing constant distractions from the big tasks that we have before us. and of course, the biggest of all is solving the climate crisis. look, this is for real. this is for real. were we not to take a hold of it and solve it, the consequences would be too catastrophic to even imagine. >> you were a politician for many, many years. it feels like american politics is broken. its a he so polarized, but also so dysfunctional. nothing gets done. when you look at it and you think about your time in american politics, what do you think has happened? >> well, i think that our democracy has been hacked by big money long before putin hacked

our democracy. and i think that change is connected to a dramatic transformation in the last third of the 20th century in the nature of the information ecosystem in which our democracy lives. in the last third of the 20th century, television eclipsed the printing press, gaining more adherence in the early 1960s, then by the middle '70s it was so thoroughly dominant that politicians had to begin to votivote i -- devoting the majority of their time to begging special interests for money so they could buy 30-second tv commercials. these 30-second television ads are not the federalist emotional hot-button issues. a lot of them are negative and it's had a really destructive

effect on america's culture around the operations off democracy. there is now another transition under way toward internet-based media and social media. this year for the first time, aggregate advertising revenue on the internet surpassed advertising revenue on television in the broadcast satellite cable forms. big advertisers still prefer television, but that, too, is beginning to change. >> so you think social media might provide a way out of this bind? >> i do. i do. one of the reasons why the republican health care legislation failed, of course we credit john mccain and senator collins and senator murkowski. okay, fine. but, i think the real reason that failed was bad legislation, by my likes, but the real reason it failed was that there was a popular uprising.

and it was a complicated set of issues. but these groups that organized on the internet, and then, crucially, met up together physically and you've got to have clicks and bricks, as they say in the business world. you can connect with people on the internet but you have to have that physical contact where people form the deeper, longer lasting ties. they moved the political sentiment in this country to the point where it was political suicide to vote for that legislation. >> so using this extraordinary new social media and appealing to people on the basis of this -- the most pressing issue that you believe faces the world and the united states, wouldn't it make sense for you to run for president? >> well, i'm a recovering politician. the longer i go without a relapse, the less likely one becomes. >> but surely, you must think -- you are spending your life trying to make these -- to have this impact. you'd have more impact as president of the united states. >> you're pressing your argument. i'm flattered.

thank you. but i'm doing what it feels to me that i'm supposed to be doing. and i'm grateful to have found a way to serve the public interest outside of the political system. >> al gore, pleasure to have you on, sir. >> thank you. gore's new film, "an inconvenient sequel" opened friday around the u.s. now i have another documentary to tell you about. mine. my latest special, "why trump won," will premier monday at 9:00 p.m. it is my account of all the signs that all of us missed, including me, in the run up to the 2016 presidential election. don't miss it. and we'll be back in a moment. selfie? yeah! ok. desk in the background. ok. best day ever. (crash!!!!) when the unexpected strikes... don't worry. we've got you covered. the hartford strikes back.

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>> a sturdy example of fake news. >> the fake news media. >> lambasting real news outlets as fake news. >> fake news peddlers. >> you are fake news. >> well, here is the real bad news. you ain't seen nothing yet. a big data analysis of online media released this summer by three communications professors shows that the production of fake news articles has been rapidly growing. now to be clear, fake news is not news you don't like. it is content that is intentionally created to mislead the public and is untrue. and the researchers come to a chilling conclusion. when news organizations take the time to fact check fake stories, they just draw more attention to them. the authors argue that rebutting fake news doesn't worker and newsrooms could better use their resources covering other, more important real news stories. but it gets worse. if we can't always believe what we read online, at least we can still believe what we see,

right? wrong. in july, three computer researchers working at the university of washington used artificial intelligence to generate a fake video of former president barack obama. the researchers processed 17 hours of high-definition footage of obama's actual presidential addresses, and created this remarkably photo realistic video. the words are obama's, but can you tell which of these four videos is fake? >> the results are clear. america's businesses have created 14.5 million new jobs over 75 straight months. >> actually, all of them are fake. back in 2016 another group of researchers created a powerful ael gorism which allows actors to create real-time facial re-enactments of any public figure. their stated goal was to create fake videos in a photo realistic fashion such that it is virtually impossible to notice the manipulations.

the results are striking. here's george w. bush. vladimir putin. and donald trump. in these examples, actors make facial gestures which are animated in real time with results that are almost seemless. wh seamless. what this means is we are rapidly approaching the point where a public figure could be made to say anything. >> most of us don't get our health care through the marketplace. >> the ability to create fully convincing fake videos brings up some important questions for consumers of news. on the plus side i sfoes couupp could raise a healthy suspicion of all the media we see which until now had taken for granted. but let me clear, it will soon being so easy to make a fake video that there may always be some doubt on all videos, even authentic ones. as "business insider" notes, even if a video isn't fake, an

actor seen making obscene statements on a bus argue he is victim of a fake video. >> grab them by the [ bleep ]. >> there are some technical solutions floated, including adding digital watermarks on videos to track the true origin of the media. but ultimately i hopes this makes the more public a weware t there are standards and checks for former crucial public role as gate keepers sorting through facts and fakes. in the meantime, you'll need to be ever more wary of that article your crazy uncle sent you or that video your college roommate posted on facebook. up next, what happened in the rest of the world this week? we'll be back in a moment to discuss with a terrific panel.

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all right. yet another news-filled week in the world so there is much to talk about with today's panel.

gideon rose, editor of "foreign affairs." dan senor is co-founder of the think tank the foreign policy initiative. julia yoffey is staff writer at "the atlantic." >> dan, i'll start with you. you were better plugged in to congressional republicans than almost anyone. look at all the things that have happened, and it does feel as though you are beginning to see a republican revolt. that is, senators and congressman, particularly senators, feeling they can defy trump and not pay a price. >> yeah. i mean you see it in legislation. the sanctions bill that was primarily knfocussed on russia s extraordinary. congress has passed sanction bills but they always give the press -- going back 40 years they give the president some flexibility because is he in charge of implementing foreign policy and you want to give the president flexibility to waive sanctions or pull back from the sanctions. congressional republicans said, we don't trust you, president trump, to actually make that decision to run your own foreign policy with russia. if the sanctions want to be --

if the president wants to lift the sanctions he has to go back to congress. it is in the legislation. nothing like this has ever been passed before with that kind of constraint. president trump started to talk about jeff sessions over the last ten days and why he should go. charles grassley put out a tweet saying if you get rid of sessions there will be no confirmation hearing for an attorney. there is the intelligence committee investigation. there is the judiciary committee investigation. they have the president's son in conversation with the committee under threat of subpoena. this is six months into the presidency. this is the party that is in power in the white house and they're putting these kinds of constraints on the president. so rhetorically republicans have not been out front as much as i would like them to be over the last few months in terms of calling out trump. but if you look at what they've done legislatively and structurally, there is a real sense that they're boxing him in. >> but he is going to west virginia to remind people, i still have my base. >> right. and he and a number of people around him believe he's more in

touch and more connected than the base of the republican party are, than members of congress. >> is that changing? >> i think that's changing. you see it in the approval ratings going down. i still think he has a deep bond with these voters but i think that's sustainable only for so long. again as these numbers come down, i think republicans are feeling more and more comfortable challenging him. >> when you look at the russia policy at this point, does the united states have a russia policy? because it does feel like it is totally paralyzed, trump is boxed in. a bunch of congressional hawks are running the policy. >> then you have secretary of state rex tillerson saying that he's not going to cap the congressionally allocated funds to counter russian isis propaganda. he wants to scrub democracy promotion from the state department's message which is great for russia. that kind of stuff has always been a major irritant for russia. they believe that democracy promotion is just a figure leaf for regime change which they've always been afraid of.

it just feels like it is people fighting over the wheel and there is no one policy on anything. depends on who in the administration you talk to on north korea, on iran, on russia, on any day of the week. >> on north korea, for example, tillerson said something remarkable for the first time since the clinton administration -- he said we are not trying to depose the regime, we don't want regime change, we just want to talk to you, we're just interested in your nuclear weapons. >> then two weeks ago the cia director, mike pompeo, at the aspen security forum saying regime change was on the table. so i don't know. certainly there's not a policy message coming from the commander in chief. i don't think he -- again, it's who is the last person to talk to him and to convince him of a certain position. >> russia policy, what do you think? >> this is a very strange period in american foreign policy history because you have an administration at the top that's essentially like a pirate crew that's come in, skeleton crew, running a big booty ship, a big

prize ship that they've taken over but the ship is going in a certain direction and they want to reverse course but they can't control the ship because they don't have enough people. so the pirate captain at the top in the white house is sort of sitting there raging saying we're going to do this and the rest of the ship's crew is either sitting around stalling or going in the same direction. you have trump in the white house -- the american foreign policy is going on in auto pilot regardless of the white house. that's what mattis and mcmaster to some extent and tillerson are trying to do. but trump is up there talking. the question is there is -- it is like the dollar bill. there's a little eye at the top of the pyramid but it is not connected to the actual thing. history is going to look at this period and say, there was a weird time when trump was in charge of the white house, but then there was american foreign policy before and after and there is going to be no continuity. >> the right is going after mcmaster. national security advisor. >> yeah. it is amazing that he has now become the focus. everyone over the last few days said john kelly's first test was scaramucci. what's he going to do about

scaramucci. that wasn't his first test. his first test is mcmaster because he and mcmaster are very close. john kelly knows mcmaster is imminently qualified for this position and the idea that he is being attacked from within -- make no mistake about it. what is going on right now, the sort of social media campaign against mcmaster is being ginned up by people very close to certain power centers in the white house. >> steve bannon. >> yes. and kelly's challenge is going to be -- it is one thing to take on scaramucci. it is another thing to take on steve bannon. and this tension between the two, as i think is extremely important to get sorted and get sorted quickly. because if it doesn't it is going to be a huge blow to kelly. >> quickly. venezuela seems to be imploding. is there any lesson to be learned from that? >> venezuela is what happens when you have donald trump without james mattis. right? when you have an authoritarian demagog by personality but no constitutional structures keeping him in place. we should all be thanking the founders for the system they set up which is proven -- >> ingenious! >> it is proven to be so amazing.

if men were angels you wouldn't need a system like this but we know men aren't angels. >> it's been six months. >> that is not a gideon rose probe. that's actually james madison, federalist papers. president trump asked in virginia if there were any russians there. i'll ask the russian we actually have in the house, also about the new immigration plan.

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and we are back with gideon rose, julia ioffe and dan senor.

julia, you are in fact a russian. sort of. you are an american but of russian origin. what did you make of trump's immigration plan? >> well, it's kind of more of the same in slightly different packaging. it is the same thing that he's been promising to his base since he started running two years ago. very restrictive in one shape or another immigration policy. they've been going after green cards and h1b visas since the beginning almost because of people like steve bannon and stephen miller. it is interesting because melania trump was here originally on an h1b visa and in fact worked illegally under a tourist visa at first but that doesn't seem to matter, when you ask trump supporters they don't care because she is the right kind of immigrant, she is a beautiful white woman from europe and we like those. even though she doesn't have a college degree. i don't know how she would have done under this point system. but i think a lot of this stuff is trying to find kind of a

formula that will provide the right kind of demographic engineering for this base. >> gideon, what strikes me about it is nobody i think would object to a shift in the composition of immigration that is more skills-based, less family unification. it is probably too lopsided, but this is achieved by dramatically cutting back on immigration at a time when everybody thinks that the great advantage the united states has compared to europe, for example, compared to japan, is we have young workers and the reason we have young workers is because we have immigrants. >> yeah. you can base that it on reunification for the main thing. a good policy reason for considering alternate ways of structuring intake of immigrants, but reducing them dramatically for the legal immigrants is a different question from the illegal immigrants and one that doesn't seem geared towards successful

economic future and dynamic, thriving future for the country. politically, your column points out, mike actually make sense. >> there's a moral question here, because part of this proposal, like all past proposals, or executive actions, drastically cuts down on the number of rough jiof refugees, argue is immoral and cruel especially if pursuing an isolationist policy not going out into the world and trying to help countries fix the situations they're in so they're not creating massive refugees -- >> i loved your tweet. had i came to this country i couldn't speak english. now i get paid to write it. >> right. but that was one of the postqualifications, right? if you come to this country as an immigrant you have to speak english. english is a pretty english to learn. i think most could pick it up in a few months. >> you think we're seeing more

bipartisanship than people re ? bipartisanship? >> on constraining the trump administration, incredible bipartisanship like we've never seen before'sthe republican charmin and democratic ranking member of the judiciary committee are locking arms. bringing up comey to testify and different officials about isolating the president. it's, you know, mcconnell and paul ryan to shut these investigations down in they wanted to. they're not. working closely with them or these. >> are you encouraged? >> you know, i'll believe it when i see it. i think we're starting to see some of it, but a lot of this conversation is, to me reit's

retilent of 2016. i don't endorse him but i'll vote for him. the senate health bill didn't pass because three republicans peeled off. not a lot for a bill scored to show it was actually quite a cruel bill, would deprive a lot of people of health insurance that already have it, despite its lack of popularity. only three republicans peeled off. we're seeing some of it, hold on, it's encouraging but i don't know how, you know, how it's going to continue playing out. especially if, you know, the republican party became very anti-establishment in 2016, and then here they have the establishment locking down the guy who's anti-establishment. how is that going to play with the base. >> every effort president trump made to impede investigations are him backfired. every single thing he's done. largely because republican leaders in congress have been a check on him. i mean, that's more -- that's

something. >> the clock started ticking when mueller was appointed. trump is a big tree. robert mueller and his team are a small ax sharpened to cut him down. that's what's going to happen over time. >> next on "gps," an american red state is taking lessons from a so-called socialist scandinavian country. i will explain in a moment. yes. i'm going to show you a next generation pickup. awesome. let's do this. the bed is made of high-strength steel, which is less susceptible to punctures than aluminum. stronger the better. and best of all, this new truck is actually- oh my... the current chevy silverado. it's the chevy summer drive. get a total value of $9,600 or, get 0% financing for 60 months on this silverado all star. find new roads at your local chevy dealer.

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one that keeps you connected to what matters most. 72 years ago today an american b-29 bomber dropped a little boy atopic bomb over hiroshima. the world's first use of an atomic bomb came less than a month after such a weapon was first tested. july 16, 1945 in the new mexican desert. bringing me to my question -- when did the united states last test a nuclear weapon? 1962? 1983? 1992? or 2003? stay tuned. we'll tell you the correct answer. i don't have a book of the week today because i want to tell you about my latest documentary "why trump won." premiering right here on monday night at 9:00 p.m. on cnn and cnn international. trump's victory shocked the

world, including me. so how did we all miss the signals? >> it is a collective failure. >> most unbelievable thing -- >> the media were dead wrong. >> the numbers wrong. didn't see this comening. >> how did he win? what i dig into on monday night, 9:00 p.m., in "why trump won." now for "the last look." prison cells like dorm rooms, guards happily chatting with inmates. prisoners wearing civilian clothes. no, this is not some scandinavian fantasy prison. it is right here in the united states in north dakota. this is the missouri river correctional center, a fenceless minimum security prison near bismarck, north dakota known as the fog. in fact, all three states-run prisons are experimenting with similar strategies to improve outcomes for all, while also improving quality of life. as mother jones reported, the number of inmates in solitary confinement is down by two-thirds and with that decrease, inmate violence has

dropped. the dakota'ses were inspired by scandinavia, norway, in fact, known for the most humane prisons in the world. looking for a way to slow the growth of their prison population, and deemphasize solitary confinement a group of north dakota's prison officials visited open-air fax mum securi -- maximum security prison incorporating its philosophies. we look to other nations for solutions to crises from gun control and other areas and a prison in norway looked at in 2015. maybe north dakota, a state that voted overem whelmingly for donald trump will end up showing the president and all of us a way to really make america great again. the correction answer to my "gps" challenge question is, c. the u.s. last conducted a nuclear weapons test in september 1992 at an underground site in nevada.

the united states had performed over 1,000 nuclear tests while the soviet union performed more than 700 since its first one in 1949. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week. hello everyone. thank you so much for joining me this sundays. i'm fredricka whitfield. encountering an adversary. two top diplomats from the u.s. and north korea attending the same summit in the philippines today. that meeting taking place hours after the international community asserted a powerful rejection of pyongyang' recent missile tests. the united nations security council voted unanimously to impose a new round of sanctions against north korea, restrictions that could cost the country $1 billion annually. and while russia was one of the nations to sign on to the sanctions, foreign minister sergey lavrov said his