bottom line, unless you are the president or unless you're footing the bill personally, even that back row middle seat might end up causing the least discomfort. that's it for me. i'm jake tapper in washington. thanks for watching. have a great sunday. this is "gps," the global public square. welcome to the united states and around the world, i'm fareed zakaria. >> the iranian government masks behind the false guise of democracy. >> the response to donald trump. president trump threatened to tear up the nuclear deal. i will ask the man who negotiated that deal, iran's foreign minister, how his country will react. then, afghanistan.

donald trump has expanded america's involvement in what is now its longest war. i ask afghanistan's president if the fighting will ever end and about his somewhat surprising friendship with president trump. >> you are one of the few world leaders i think who has generally been happy with the trump administration. >> i am. all that and much more on "gps" today. first, here's my take. president trump's speech to the united nations was well delivered but it was a strange mishmash of topics and tones. there was one overriding three people, the embrace of nationalism. in striking that chord, donald trump did something unusual, perhaps unique for an american president. he encouraged, even embraced the rise of a post-american world. first, the mishmash. early in his speech, trump asserted --

>> in america we do not seek to impose our way of life on anyone. >> but then a few minutes alert trump proceeded to castigate north korea, iran, venezuela, and cuba for their un-democratic political systems, virtually demanding they all become western-style liberal democracies. the main thrust of the speech was nationalism, celebrating sovereignty and nationalism, latching on to a few words by harry truman in support of the marshall plan. trump described that approach to international relations as beautiful and nobody. but can anyone imagine donald trump actually supporting the marshall plan? that was a massive foreign aid program, administered by government bureaucrats, to help foreigners revive their industries which then became competitors to american firms. the most significant line in trump's speech was this one delivered dramatically. >> as president of the united states, i will always put

america first. just like you as the leaders of your countries will always, and should always, put your countries first. >> but this is what countries like russia and china have been saying for decades. for the last 70 years the great debate among nations has been between those who argued for narrow national interests and those who believe that lasting peace and prosperity depend on promoting broader common interests. that latter approach, conceived by fdr and supported by every u.s. president since, is what produced the united nations and all the organizations that monitor and assist is trade, travel, disease, crime, and weather, issues that spill over borders and can only be handled at a regional or global level. but donald trump is tired of being the world's leader. he whined in his speech that

other countries are unfair in their dealings with the united states and that somehow the most powerful country in the history of the world, which dominates almost every international forum, is being had. his solution? a return to nationalism. it would be warmly welcomed by most of the world's major players, russia, china, india, and turkey, which all tend to act on the basis of their narrow self-interest. of course that would mean a dramatic acceleration of the post-american world, one in which these countries would shape policies and institutions unashamedly to their benefit, rather than any broader one, let alone one influenced by the united states. trump grumbled about the fact that the united states pays 22% of the u.n.'s budget, which is actually appropriate, because it's about america's share of global gdp. were he to scale back america's support, he might be surprised by how fast china would leap in to fill the gap. once it does, china will

dominate to shape the u.n. and the global agenda just as america has for seven decades. perhaps the chinese would suggest that the organization's headquarters be moved to beijing. come to think of it, that would free up acres of land on the east river of manhattan where donald trump could build a few more condominiums. for more, go to cnn.com/fareed and read my "washington post" column this week. and let's get started. in his speech to the united nations, one of the nations trump singled out was iran. >> the iranian government masks a corrupt dictatorship behind the false guise of a democracy. it has turned a wealthy country with a rich history and culture into an economically depleted rogue state whose chief exports

are violence, bloodshed, and chaos. the longest suffering victims of iran's leaders are in fact its own people. >> he went on to call the nuclear deal with iran one of the worst and most one-sided transactions the u.s. has ever entered into. and he said -- >> frankly, that deal with an embarrassment to the united states. and i don't think you've heard the last of it, believe me. >> by october 15th, president trump will have to decide whether to recertify that iran is in compliance with the deal. he has suggested he will not do so. so how would iran respond to all this? i spoke to the nation's foreign minister, javad zarif. foreign minister, welcome to the show. >> good morning, it's good to be with you again. >> donald trump said the iran

deal is the most one-sided deal that irthe u.s. has ever agreed to. do you take that as a compliment? >> we were successful for reaching that deal once we decided to divine the objective in a way that was achievable. instead of having two diametrically opposed objectives, we decided to have a singular objective, that is that iran should have a nuclear program that will never produce nuclear weapons. this was the objective that we decided, both of us, both sides. that is iran and the five plus one to work towards. and we reached a deal that nobody likes. and it's good, because no good deal is a perfect deal, because you cannot have a perfect deal for both sides. you need to have a deal that is less than perfect so that the two sides can reach an understanding, can bargain over.

that is why i believe that statement is ill-informed and it doesn't reflect the reality. it's a deal that was negotiated, and therefore it doesn't have other things that we wanted in the deal, it certainly doesn't have all the things that the united states wanted in the deal. >> president trump says that he might well withdraw from the deal or de-certify iran. what would be iran's reaction if the president did that? >> certification is not a part of the deal. it's a u.s. internal procedure. it doesn't absolve president trump and the administration of the responsibility. because the only authority that has been recognized in the nuclear deal to verify is the iaea. iran will look at the outcome of this process and will consider its options. iran has a number of options which include walking away from

the deal and going back with greater speed with its nuclear program, which will remain peaceful, but which will not address and accept the limitations that we voluntarily accepted over our nuclear program. let me stress one thing that has been a myth here in the united states, and we need to dispel that myth. they say there is a sunset clause in the deal. there is no sunset clause. iran has committed itself never to develop nuclear weapons, both as a member of the mpt and in the deal itself. >> but the inspections have a sunset. >> no, no. the inspections don't have a sunset clause either because iran has accepted the most intrusive inspections according to the partly clourotocol. if the united states behaves the

way it's supposed to behave, iran will accept the limitations of the iaea. because iran was under security council sanctions, there is a period of time, and a lot of fearmongering has gone on over this in the united states. during this period of time, iran will observe certain restrictions. after that, iran will behave like any other non-nuclear-weapons state member of the mpt. there are a lot of countries with an enrichment program. and iran will have an enrichment program, will continue to have an enrichment program. and that enrichment program will be strictly under iaea surveillance. >> permanently. >> permanently. so there is a lot of fearmongering going on. these were the subject of very long negotiations, because we believed that there shouldn't be

any limitations on iran's rights, because if we accept all the monitoring mechanisms, which we accepted, then iran should be like any other members of the mpt. but the other side believed that there needs to be a longer period. and we agreed to the middle, the ten-year that is being talked about. >> the other option is to essentially isolate america, to continue to near to the deal, don't do business with american firms, because presumably they would be restricted. have european countries told you that they will adhere to the deal no matter what? >> well, that has been what has been stated by europe. we will need to determine for ourselves, at the appropriate time, what are our national interests, and we will act according to our national interests. it is important to be able to have a predictable international

environment. you think what the united states is doing, in addition to being unpredictable, which might sometimes work, is proving that it is unreliable. because the united states needs to participate in many international agreements. it's a big power, a major power. and obviously it engages in international negotiations, becomes party to international agreements, either through bilateral accords or through multilateral accords or through security council resolutions. this is not a bilateral agreement. it's not even a multilateral treaty. it's a security council agreement and the united states is a member of the security council. it's important for the international community to be able to rely on the words of the united states as a negotiating partner. if the world cannot rely on the words of the united states as a negotiating partner than nobody will negotiate with the united states because they know the

united states, at the end of the day, will use this famous expression, what's mine is mine and what's yours is negotiable, because any negotiation where there is give and take, in the nuclear negotiation there was give and take, we accepted certain concessions and the united states accepted certain concessions. and it is important at this stage. in addition to the fact that iran should draw economic benefits from this deal, but it is from a global perspective, because we all live in an intertwined, interconnected world. from global perspective, the crisis in north korea, the crises in our region, it is important to be able to rely upon the promises, the commitments, of important players in the global community. iran has proven that it is a reliable partner. seven iaea reports have shown that iran is a reliable partner. i hope the united states will review its posture and prove to the world that it is also a rely

partner. when we come back, i got a chance to spend some time this week with france's new president, emmanuel macron. i will ask iran's foreign minister, javad zarif, for his response to the macron plan. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

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the hartford strikes back.

we're back with our special edition of "gps" as world leaders gathered for the general assembly. iran foreign minister javad zarif made time to talk with me. french president macron says he has a way out of the logjam between the united states and iran which is to not withdraw from the agreement but to begin negotiations about additional protocols or planks, and you

just tested another ballistic missile, he wants to talk about your support for militias in the region, syria, in yemen. he wants to talk about a host of other issues which he agrees are not part of the iran deal but are also destabilizing the region. >> well, you see, we made a decision, jointly, all of us, to limit this deal to the nuclear issue, because the rest are complicated. it doesn't mean that iran is afraid of talking about them. iran has serious grievances going back to -- i mean, some people just would like to look at one side of the picture. the fact is iran has been the force that has consistently fought extremism and terrorism in our region, be it the taliban against afghanistan, be it daesh, be it al qaeda in iraq or in afghanistan. iran was always on the right side.

unfortunately the united states and its allies don't have such a bright record. so if you want to talk about those issues, there is a lot to be said about those issues. you talked about missiles. iran has defensive needs. iran is not buying $400 billion of so-called beautiful military equipment from the united states. iran needs to develop its own defenses. we have said time and again, and we have proven, that our missiles are for defense. you know, we go back to a history where our cities were being showered with missiles from saddam hussein. but at that time, saddam hussein was a sweetheart for the united states and some western countries. nobody turned any eyebrow against saddam hussein for his use of all these missiles.

and iran did not have a single missile to work as a deterrent against its citizens, its civilians being target of almost daily missile attacks even against the capital. >> what about the arabs say you are spreading a kind of shiite crescent of influence from bahrain to yemen to lebanon, iraq, syria. they see a growing presence of iran that has to be countered. >> the problem is, they have made the wrong choices. they supported saddam hussein. let's start where it started. they supported saddam hussein during eight years of war against iran. after the war, iran resisted that aggression and saddam hussein immediately turned his weapons against them. we came to their support. they have forgotten that. we neglected the history, forgot the history, and went to the support of the kuwaitis. after that, they supported al qaeda in afghanistan.

they shouldn't forget that. they have made all the wrong choices. they tried to undermine the democratically elected government of iraq. they were on the wrong side of history. all through. and iran was on the right side. it's not that we want to spread our influence. we believe in stability of the region. we believe also in stability of every single government in the region. it is in our interest. we have offered to our arab neighbors to engage in confidence building measures, in security structures for our region. we've been saying that time and again. unfortunately, some seek their interests through tension and through conflict and i believe they have not made a lot of progress. they have not served to end the

conflicts. look at yemen now, 13 months of continuous bombardment of innocent civilians in yemen. we have 700,000 cases of cholera in yemen. this is unheard of in modern history. what do they gain from it? are they more secure from it? we are prepared to help end the conflict in yemen. we can help, we can't make decisions for others. we can help end the conflict in yemen, we can help end the conflict in syria. we prepared to work with all regional countries who are prepared to work with us. >> final 30-second thought, what is your message to donald trump? >> i think it is in the interests of the united states to look at the realities. there are no alternative realities. the realities in our region are crystal clear. they have been for the last 40 years.

and the united states unfortunately decided to neglect those realities and has not fared well by doing that. >> javad zarif, a pleasure to have you on. >> good to be with you. next on "gps," this week, the people of iraq's northern region of kurdistan will vote on whether to seek independence from baghdad. iran opposes the kurdish referendum. so does the united states. the only country that openly supports it is israel. what in the world? when we come back. you too, unnecessary er visits. and hey, unmanaged depression, don't get too comfortable. we're talking to you, cost inefficiencies, and data without insights. and fragmented care, stop getting in the way of patient recovery and pay attention. every single one of you is on our list. at optum, we're partnering across the health system to tackle its biggest challenges.

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world" segment. on september 25th, the people of the kurdistan region in northern iraq will vote in a nonbinding referendum. the issue at hand, whether or not they should begin the process of independence from iraq. this decision and the occurred's desire for independence has been met with nothing but opposition from almost all quarters. the world's nations, only israel has publicly come out in favor of kurdish aspirations for independence. why? well, let's look at the map. iraq, for its part, doesn't want to give up sovereignty over the lucrative oil and gas fields in the kurdish region and kurdish-occupied kirkuk. iraq went so far as to order the constitution negated. the syrians too would likely be concerned by such a precedent.

the iranians don't want a new kurdish state along their border that they assume would be a staunch ally of the united states, perhaps even of israel. and yet, the state department issued a statement saying the united states strongly opposes the referendum which it claims is negatively impacting the fight against isis. is that the right call? first, a little background. the kurds, numbering between 25 and 30 million, are said to be one of the world's largest ethnic peoples without a state. they're sunni muslims. about a hundred years ago in the ashes of world war i and the fall of the ottoman empire, the kurds went to versailles to ask for a nation. the proposal had its ups and

downs. in 1923, a treaty created modern turkey but it did not create a kurdish state. for the next 80-plus years, the kurds continued to find themselves a minority, discriminated against wherever they lived. often it was more than discrimination. in march of 1988, a chemical weapons attack on a kurdish village in iraq killed an estimated 6,800 kurdish men, women, and children. it was part of a ruthless military campaign by saddam hussein's military, which eventually led to the deaths of at least 50,000 kurds. that atrocity in part influenced the decision in 1991 bring the u.s. to create a no-fly zone over northern iraq, giving the kurds the protection they needed and planting the seeds for a future independent nation. since then, the kurds have prospered and proved themselves to be one of the most tolerant societies in the middle east,

respecting minorities and affording a limited degree of political opposition and free speech. they have also been a reliable, strong friend to the united states. most recently, kurdish peshmerga fighters have led the fight to defeat isis in the region. this referendum may be a way for the kurds to bargain for greater autonomy within iraq. washington can push for that kind of outcome. but the united states should signal that it supports the long-suppressed aspirations and dreams of its friends and allies. there are few good guys in the middle east. but the kurds really do fit that description. next on "gps," the president of afghanistan, ashraf ghani, on whether american troops will ever be ready to leave his country. copd makes it hard to breathe.

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the war in afghanistan has

bedevilled three u.s. presidents. private citizen trump called the war a complete waste, saying we have wasted an enormous amount of blood and treasure in afghanistan and we should leave immediately. but governing is of course harder than tweeting. and late last month, president trump announced a new plan for afghanistan that gave the u.s. military more autonomy there. in his speech, trump threatened to cut off aid to neighboring pakistan if it didn't stop harboring terrorists. he also said the end game was no longer nation building and that eventual talks with the taliban would be the way for america to exit its now 16-year-old war. this week at a forum organized and hosted by the asia society, i had the opportunity to talk to afghan president ashraf ghani about the war, the plan, and his own unique relationship with

president trump. welcome, pretty ghani. >> translator: it's a pleasure to be with you. >> you are one of the few world leaders who has generally been happy with the trump administration. >> i am. >> and have you had any personal interactions -- >> yes. >> -- with the pretty? >> absolutely. >> how does he strike you? >> we have had wonderful conversations. flowing. >> just give me a sense of your perception of him from those phone conversations. >> engaged, informed, and determined to see and hear. but it requires immense preparation. if you want to keep him engaged, you better be informed and communicate everything significant in two minutes. it's the standard thing, when one comes on your program, you know, the first training that i got was if you have a message, don't take more than two minutes to deliver it. it's the same with president

trump. >> i will take that as a compliment. >> it's meant as one. >> is his strategy significantly different from president obama's? after all, the number of troops that seem to be increased is not very significant. how is it different? >> it's different in the sense that it focuses on the fundamental regional political approach. the examination of pakistan has never been as thorough, and the message for the need for pakistan to engage and become a responsible stakeholder in the region in the fight against terrorism. >> right now you have many forces that fight, afghan national army and americans in the old days, and would retreat to pakistan where they had safe

havens and were protected by the pakistani military. do you think this will change after 40 years? >> this is the fundamental issue. if we want to indulge in the past, if context changes, do you repeat the past or move forward and seize the present? what i'm offering the pakistan government, the pakistan security apparatus, is the invitation to a comprehensive dialogue. afghans are determined to fight. no one should underestimate our wish for a secure region. afghanistan is potentially one of the richest countries on earth, given our size and population. with our natural resources, natural capital, mining, potentially oil and gas, et cetera. but the cost of war is intense

and immense. every day i put a piece of stone in my heart. when i get the casualty figures, and particularly the destruction of our civilian life, kabul under attack itself. here is the opportunity. if pakistan does not take this opportunity, i think they will pay a hard price. so i hope that it's their interest to engage. >> what should we make of the reports that we get that 46% of the country is under taliban control, or you see a report that says every time american forces and afghan national forces withdraw from some village or area, it is taken over by the taliban? it seems to give a sense of hopelessness to those who want to support afghanistan. >> but they don't report back on when territory is taken back. the taliban has not been able to take a single province. they have not succeeded in this.

has fighting been hard? absolutely. but if you look at the fighting in 2015, 2016, and 2017, our armed forces today are in the best position they've been in the last years. additional, 100,000 american and international troops with hundreds of planes, helicopters, et cetera, were fighting, and between 2009 and 2014, they all left. the strength of our army is second to none in the region. they are able to take every single location in the country. we've not had the police forces with the capability to hold them. so our next phase of reform is precisely oriented towards the police. >> but it's not that the taliban have political support in these areas. >> no, they don't. on the contrary.

taliban are becoming less and less popular. they've gone -- it's a sign of weakness to attack a mosque. it's a sign of weakness, not strength, to kill people. soldiers who are praying. it's a sign of weakness to attack civilians in broad daylight. blowing bombs, track bombs particularly, does not make you popular. they need to understand that society does not support violence, particularly a society that has suffered 40 years of violence. >> when americans heard president trump's decision to expand both the number of troops and rules of engagement, i think many of them thought, will this ever end. what was your message, what are the conditions under which you imagine american troops can withdraw? and do you think that that will happen anytime soon? >> i think we are not talking

decade or longer. we are talking some limited years. we'll be back in a moment. we'll have more with president ghani. >> i say their sacrifices are not going to be in vain. you wto progress.move. to not just accept what you see, but imagine something new. at invisalign®, we use the most advanced teeth straightening technology to help you find the next amazing version of yourself. it's time to unleash your secret weapon.

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and i get back to business. ♪

we're back now with a special edition of "gps" on the heels of a flurry of international activity. on thursday, president trump medicimet with afghan president ghani. i too met with ghani and we talked about his strange trip to politics. you worked at the development field in the world bank, lived as a scholar in the united states. here you are, president of one of the most difficult, war-torn countries in the world with incredibly complex tribal

politics, corruption, international politics with the united states, russia, china. how difficult was that transition? >> it wasn't difficult. it was close to impossible. no, seriously, i'm an accidental president. because my life has been a preparation for this job. i spent 14 years of my life looking at the last 600 years of history. i traveled to every single province of afghanistan during the security transition. i know the history, the feelings i hold of each segment of our population. we've always won in the battlefield but we've not been able to represent ourselves and speak for ourselves politically. so to win the world for those who do not have a voice, which

is the absolutely majority, 40% of our people live below $1.35, but deliver on the aspiration is an inspiration that keeps me going. >> so people would look at a place like afghanistan and think, you would need to be some kind of tribal chief, and your predecessor did come from an important family, from an important tribe, you need to have the ability to arm wrestle people in various ways, as i said, perhaps give them some patronage money. did you find you had to develop some skills like that which surely at johns hopkins and the world bank you didn't need? >> i was raised at the knee of my grandfather. he came from one of the largest chance in this country. and the mediation skills that were required.

it was networked, it had an ethos. one comes from that. >> are you tough enough, do you have -- you know, do you have the ability to drag dead bodies across the room to show people in afghanistan that you can do business? >> you don't need dead bodies. you need to implement tools. we've had enough of death and destruction. no, seriously. my problem was the opposite. i had the reputation as finance minister of being so tough that people thought they would vote for me but they would afraid i would be so tough, i would break the system. what has pleasantly surprised them is flexibility. >> everybody knows you are spotless, even your worst enemies don't accuse you of corruption. but you preside over what is regularly regarded as one of the most corrupt countries in the world. how do you change that and how

do you function effectively without being corrupt? if the corruption has been the grease that made afghanistan work, aren't you handicapped by your honesty? >> no. because corruption has not made afghanistan work. corruption robbed us of two chances. the first was after 9/11. i traveled all across afghanistan. i went after 24 years, on 26 of december, 2001. i traveled to ten provinces of afghanistan. it's corruption that took away. and second, one of the largest interventions in history under president obama's first term took place in afghanistan. but again, it finally did not do its job. so to make the argument that corruption greases the wheels and makes it function, no, it's the opposite. why did the people vote for me?

precisely because we've created a center for justice. and for the first time, high ranking officials, civilian, military, are being indicted. >> why isn't it reflected in the rankings of transparency? >> it takes time. in two years you will see hopefully a very significant shift. >> what do you say to the 1 million plus americans who have now served at some point in afghanistan? >> well, first i'm saying thank you. i've always said thank you to them. and we're extraordinarily grateful to these men and women. second, i say their institution.

a generational. our non-commissioned officers are all products of post-9/11. all our officers are products of post-9/11. this is a generation that really isn't in the 21st century and coming together. so my message to veterans is, thank you for your support, we need your moral support, and we are looking forward to receiving you, with your family, any time. our hearts have a very big space for you and you will always be welcome. >> president ghani, thank you so much. >> thank you. [ applause ]

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this week's "book of the week" is "27 articles" by t.d. lawrence. this short book was a set of guidelines on guerrilla warfare in 1917 by a quirk were bittish army officer who ended up organizing and leading the arabs to revolt against the ottoman empire during world war i. it is clever, commonsensical and splicingly current. it is a very valuable way of thinking about asymmetric warfare and operating in alien

cultures, modern problems ind d indeed. that's all for our show this week. thank you for joining us. we'll see you next week. hey, i'm brian stelter. welcome to our viewers in the united states and around the world. this is "reliable sources," our weekly look at the stories behind the stories and how the media really works and how the news gets made. right now exclusive new details about trump versus the nfl. this was the scene just a little while ago, the ravens/jaguars game in london. we see many players and their coaches and the jaguars team owner all standing and kneeling in solidarity, linking arms together in response to