♪ >> america's steadfast ally, extraordinary friendship and relationship. >> a large plane heading directly into the world trade center. >> at times spawned america's deadliest enemies. osama bin laden, saudi. thousands of isis fighters,

saudi. these are america's friends? >> they are not our allies. >> the crown prince is a wrecking ball. >> that are prince, am mohamed bin salman. >> she dangerous. >> accused of involvement in the murder -- >> outrage. >> -- of a "washington post" journalist. >> jamal khashoggi's body was dismembered. >> they brought a bone saw. >> chopped up into small piece. >> that crown prince, mbs is changing saudi arabia. >> it's a new era. >> this man is extremely popular. >> in one of the most repressive countries in the world -- >> authoritarian monarchy. >> all of a sudden, some simple

everyday freedoms. america and the saudis had a deal. >> keep your pumps offer. your prices low and you can do whatever you can out back. >> jamal khashoggi! >> can america forgive a hideous crime? >> why would you bring a bone saw to an interrogation? >> in saudi arabia, almost nothing is what it seems. to find the real story here, you have to go beneath the surface. about one mile beneath to be precise. there is more oil in saudi

arabia than almost anywhere else on earth. when oil was first discovered, legend has it the king said cap the well. too much money brings trouble. then he got over it. oil brought with it fantastic wealth. >> they make a billion dollars a day. >> this is the prince's palace. 317 rooms. >> there are thousands of saudi princes. they blow gigantic sums all over the world. >> in the harbor, we counted at least seven huge saudi yachts. >> oil money buys million dollar prizes for camel races.

expensive cars you can can crash for fun. most importantly, oil out of the desert. modern cities sprang up in just decades. there is only one other force as powerful. saudis practice the most extreme form of islam in the world. >> article one said the koran and the sings of the prophet are the constitution of this country. >> sharia is the only law. women are rendered virtually invisible. >> men have dominated women. there is the sense that any

mixing between men and women is fraught with the potential for evil to happen. >> women have the status of children. by law their husbands or fathers are their guardians. some clerics give men a free hand to beat women. he counsels young men on the right way to hit their wives. lightly with the hand and not in the face. if beating doesn't keep a wife in line, men can download a wife tracking app on their phones. the app will send out a text alert if a wife heads for the airport or the border. >> their view of both children and chaotic sexual beings.

>> the app is arabic for your wish is my command. some need more than one app because they have more than one wife. there are reportedly more than a million saudis in polygamous marriages. there are no churches in saudi arabia. am christians pray in secret. >> we have secret churches there. a house church. >> practicing christianity is against the law. so is every other religion except islam. >> it is a tough place to be a christian. >> even tougher to be jewish. we must kill all the jews, said the so-called religious scholar. the text books published last year teach that jews are cowardly and devious. another evil in saudi arabia is

music. hersy. movies have been considered heresy, too. if you complain publicly about any of it, any government scripture, you may be arrested. foes of the government can be tortured or beheaded. >> saudi arabia lives a bizarre double life. fabulously rich, drenched in oil. it is at the same time handcuffed by extremist islam. >> the saudis are conflict and so are we. were their story is intertwined with ours. the closest ally of the strange desert ding com has bekingdom w

religious is enshrined in the constitution. why? >> "new york times" columnist put it succinctly. >> keep your companies open, prices low, and don't bother they too much. you can do whatever you want out back. >> outback is where you find the extremist rhetoric and hatrred f other rshzs. >> it is new view we got hit with the distilled essence of everything going on out back. >> osama bin laden and 15 of the 9/11 hijackers, all saudis. more isis soldiers come from saudi than from anywhere else in

the mideast. for years, america has been desperate for a new day in saudi arabia. >> his royal highness. >> enter 33-year-old crown prince, mohamed bin salman. he is unlike any saudi ruler the world has seen before. mbs, effectively took over from his father, king calman two years ago. suddenly everything in saudi arabia seemed to change. >> right away he looks like a breath of fresh air. he is forceful. >> remember music was evil? but mariah carey performed here in january.

>> he was gobeginning to do something. >> his reforms inside saudi arabia have been revolutionary. >> he said i am not going to leave this life until i see the middle east in the first rank of nations. >> movies are were heresy, but he opened a movie theater. >> don't freeze. >> i never freeze. >> watching black panther were men and women sitting together. that's dramatic change. >> this man is extremely popular. >> here it is, ladies and gentlemen. it's in front of you. amc is here. >> we have begun to fight the war of ideas. >> women were finally allowed to drive. >> mbs stripped much of their

power from the police. he arrested the crazy clerics. the wife-beating advice giver was among them. saudi arabia is changing, but even as it does, there is something else going on. >> massive purge of princes all arrested by a man who would be king. >> mbs imprisoned hundreds of princes and wealthy business men at the ritz carlton. >> we drive in under police escort. >> it was called a crack down on corruption. >> no one enters without official permission. >> what appeared to be cell phone video emerged, showing a chaotic scene in one of the world's fanciest hotels and it was a shake down in power play of all his potential rivals. >> it was about control. >> there were reports of torture and one death which the

government denied. meanwhile, even as mbs finally gave women the right to drive, saudi police arrested the leaders of the right to drive movement. and again, there are credible reports that some of the women were tortured. >> it's a new level of aggression and brutality that has been unprecedented. >> this is an authoritarian absolute monarchy. >> there was one world leader who loved the prince's style. donald trump. a president with no previous foreign policy experience saw saudi arabia as the linchpin of his middle east plan. >> donald trump had no ambassador in saudi arabia. he did not understand the religious dynamics. he did not understand, i don't think, the regional dynamics. >> here put his son-in-law, jared kushner, in charge of it all. >> this policy was being run on

jared kushner's what's app with mohamed bin salman and jared kushner had no clue about the internal dynamics of saudi arabia, let alone how to manage such a young man. it was flat out crazy stupid. >> i think it was one of the most incredible two-day meetings that any has ever seen. >> when mbs came to america, he was greeted like a celebrity. >> we really have a great friendship. >> crown prince, thank you very much. >> energy and ambition and he was on a charm offensive in the west. >> he help charming america from donald trump's favorite publication, the "national enquirer" extolling the glories of mbs appeared in super market lines across america. >> the we love saudi arabia it's a magic kingdom booklet. >> that was really bizarre. >> but the truth about mbs was

beginning to emerge and it was more complicated. >> you have a young 29 years old when he became crown prince. very impulsive. not very experienced. young man who had some very dangerous dark impulses. saddam-like impulses we are now understanding. >> u.s. officials usually weigh in when allies like saudi arabia go off course. they need us to draw red lines. what they have all needed always over the years was to be able to say to their cabinet or advisers, i would love to do that crazy thing you want me to do that. i would love to do that. the secretary of state broke my arm. if we don't play that role, they will drive right over the cliff. that's exactly what happened. >> that are cliff was of course the murder of "washington post" columnist, jamal khashoggi. >> an international murder mystery pitting the u.s. against its key ally, saudi arabia.

>> it began in the dead of night, october 2nd of yaft year, a private saudi plane landed in istanbul. >> the turks say assassins were waiting for him. >> jamal khashoggi had an appointment there that day. >> he is a saudi journalist, vocal critic of crown prince. >> he is creating an environment of intimidation and fear. >> jamal khashoggi was well connected with ties to senior royals. he had been treated well at the consulate before. at the appointed time, he went inside. what follows is from an audio tape described to cnn. >> within moments of his fateful steps into the conult. he recognizes someone. >> a former official close to the crown prince, bin salman. he said you are coming back. jamal khashoggi said you can't

do that. and then, he's attacked. there are screams. his last words, i can't breathe. then, the sound of a saw. >> reports from the turks that a bone saw was involved. >> jamal khashoggi's body was dismembered, chopped up into small pieces. >> a saudi expert said put on head phones and listen to music. presumably to drown out the sound of a saw. a look alike leaving the consulate. >> same clothes, same glasses and beard and everything except the shoes. >> they vehemently denies knowing anything about his disappearance. >> as details emerged, a fight had broken out. >> the official explanation that the death was the result of a fist fight gone bad is deemed laughable.

>> finally the saudi government settled on one word. rogue. it was a rogue operation. >> they told fox news this was a rogue operation. >> rogue elements may have been involved. >> they are going to say he was killed by rogue operatives. >> the rogue killers operation, this is absurd. >> sound like it could have been rogue killers. who knows. >> the cia said they believe mbs was involved with the murder. >> mbs, the crown prince is a wrecking ball. i think he is complicit in the murder of mr. jamal khashoggi to the highest level possible. i think he is crazy. i think he is dangerous. >> trump appeared unconvinced. >> whether he did or whether he didn't, he denies it vehemently. >> it was an example of something elements of the bureaucracy going rogue. >> the man who most often speaks

for saudi arabia in this country is this man who runs the arabia foundation, a pro saudi think tank. >> u.s. intelligence believe jamal khashoggi was murdered on instructions of the crown prince. that an elite team of people close to the crown prince went to istanbul with the purpose of doing him harm. what do you say to that? >> had he wanted to kill jamal, there were cheaper and easier ways to do it. >> he was a friend to the royal family. >> he was an insider. >> everybody has friends and enemies. they denied it and everyone else denied it. there is no evidence. >> lindsey graham said there is a smoking upon bone saw. it's not a gun. if this was meant to be an interrogation that went rogue, why would you bring a bone saw to an interrogation? >> first of all, nobody has

shown us that bone saw. >> how was he dismembered? >> not to get gruesome, but i saw an interview with a doctor who said any saw can dismember a human being. >> why would you bring any saw? >> the body was disposed of, so it's a tragic, horrible event, but you cannot put the stability of a country or the strategic relationship between the united states and saudi arabia hostage to the unfortunate death of one individual. >> it's a question that haunted the united states for years. does aligned with saudi arabia come at too high of a price? still ahead, the biggest u.s u.s.-sauu.s. u.s.-saudi crisis. 9/11. why did osama bin laden hate america? the story when we come back.

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in 1996, osama bin laden declared war on the united states. these youths love death as you love life, he warned. these youths are steadfast at war. they will sing out that there is only killing. 15 of the 19 hijackers on 9/11 were from one country. saudi arabia.

the man who led them, osama bin laden, was from saudi arabia. isis and other terrorist groups killing americans have been filled with recruits from saudi arabia. how did one of america's closest allies become the home of its most bitter enemies? to understand, we have to go back almost 300 years to the 1700s. two men formed an alliance in the arabian desert, a cleric known as mohamed -- and a warrior, the patriarch of the saudi royal family. he and his followers were the isis of their time.

preaching strict adherence to the koran on pain of death. their puritan cal faith and that creed governed saudi arabia. >> they executed them. >> it starts from a principal that i can determine if another muslim is a good muslim. it f they are not, i can proclaim them the most drastic penalties, including death. >> it was only a minor sect of islam for much of its history. the muslim world was shaped far more by large diverse societies like egypt. >> then saudi arabia struck oil. >> 200,000 barrels a day. >> with mountains of cash, the kingdom eclipsed other muslim nations and spread their version of the faith everywhere.

>> what oil money did was finance the building of the islamic centers. putting conditions that ensured that their exclusivist ideas alone would be taught in those islamic centers. >> but in 1979, they turned on the kingdom itself. >> the armed religious fanatics seized the muslim holy city in saudi arabia and took hostages. >> the attackers were extreme religious conservatives. they were appalled by the unholy westernization that the riches of oil had brought. >> they're broadcast their message that the saudi family are drunkard, gamblers, people who have taken saudi arabia away from the true islamic faith. >> saudi forces were so

ill-equipped that french commandos had to be called in to help. after two weeks, the rebels were finally captured and beheaded. that same year, an islamic revolution swept through ilan. >> a fearful shauf iran left the country. >> ousting the monarchy. launching the rise of iran's shiite version of puritan cal islam. the rival faith of the saudis. the saudi royal family panic and gave more power to them. >> from the age of 12, she must dress in black. >> to run the ding com their way. >> no more. women could not appear on tv uncovered. nor music in schools. they basically banned fun. >> one motorist ran out of gas

waiting in line. they gave the saudis even more cash to spread their creed. then at end of 1979, the soviet union invaded afghanistan. a godless super power had taken over a muslim nation. this gave the saudis a golden opportunity. >> it was a gift from heaven to people in saudi arabia. they looked into the islamists's eyes and said, why don't you go find the infidel who is just invaded afghanistan. >> one of the men who answered the call was osama bin laden. >> bin laden was always a true

believer and really believed in all these ideals taught to him by the schools early on in his childhood in saudi arabia. >> bin laden's father had been a construction magnet with close ties to the king. but osama bin laden gave up his life of comfort and moved to afghanistan. forming a rag tag army of foreign mercenaries from across the arab and islamic world. in the late 80s, the organization was given a name. al qaeda. in 1990, a new enemy caught bin laden's eye. >> more than 400,000 u.s. troops in operation desert shield. >> a half million troops came to saudi arabia to defend against saddam hussein. >> iraqi forces overrunning the capital of kuwait.

>> saddam had taken over neighboring kuwait and was poised to strike the kingdom. the presence of soldiers saved saudi arabia, but it infuriated them. >> this american service woman had problems dealing with saudi men here. >> they believed that no foreign army should ever be allowed into the land of the two holy mosques. bin laden urged the saudi royal family to let him fight saddam himself with his own army. they brushed him off. >> osama bin laden was furious. he thought that this is the unholiest thing anybody can do. bringing the infidels to the arabian peninsula. >> in 1996 with american troops still in the kingdom, osama bin

laden issued a warning. terrorizing you while carrying arms in our land is a moral obligation, he declared to the americans. >> outrage, shock, and loss of life. >> thus began the road to 9/11. >> terrorist bombs explode minutes apart. >> bombings at u.s. embassies kill eed hundreds and wounded or 5,000. the u.s.s. cole attack in yemen. >> it was a despicable and cowardly act. >> it killed 17 and in 2001 -- bin laden's greatest triumph. nearly 3,000 americans obliterated. saudi arabia had created a monster. >> powerful bombs -- >> after 9/11 -- the monster turned against its homeland. >> the focus is on al qaeda.

>> mounting a deadly offensive inside the kingdom. the house mounted a vicious counter attack. >> whether there was a big increase in cooperation with us, they began systematically to find and go after al qaeda cells in the kingdom. >> but the ideology was still alive across the world. when isis established its sch l schools, the text books it first used came from saudi arabia. >> the narrative that you have to behead and kill anyone who doesn't believe in what you believe, the narrative you have to blow up mosques and tombs. the narrative that anyone who is not a muslim does not have any rights, not even the right to live. this is taken from text books in saudi arabia.

>> up next, why? >> u.s. presidents have to various degrees been willing to pander to saudi arabia. >> why does this troubled relationship endure? the liquid gold that is the bond between america and saudi arabia. oil. ♪ a sock-a-bam-boom ♪ who's in the room? ♪ love is dangerous ♪ but driving safe means you pay less ♪ ♪ switch and save ♪ yes, ma'am excuse me, miss. ♪ does this heart belong to you? ♪ ♪ would you like it anyway? [ scatting ]

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>> the regime -- >> some question whether there should be a u.s.-saudi alliance. >> u.s. presidents have to various degrees been willing to pander to saudi arabia. in doing so, we conveniently turned a blind eye to a lot of things. it's always been a very complicated relationship. >> complicated, yes, but the reason for it is simple according to donald trump. >> if you want to see oil prices go to $150 a barrel, like by the way russia would love to see that, break up our relationship with saudi arabia. >> the truth is, donald trump is mostly right. saudi arabia more than any single country controls the price of oil. they have lots of it and it's cheap for them to turn the taps on and off. >> that are fear that saudi arabia or the leader of the opec alliance of oil producing states could at any time turn off the

oil. that fear always hums. >> and that fear endures even as america approaches oil independence because riyadh still sets the global price. in fact the saudis have usually behaviored responsibly as central bankers ever oil. > >> to understand why the bond endured for almost a century, we need to go back to how it began. in 1938, american oil men offered saudi king $170,000 in gold to let them drill for oil. >> the arabs were suspicious of the strange newcomers. >> the king was reluctant, but the desperate desert country needed the money so the search for liquid gold began.

>> the geological crews combed the blistering desert months after months, searching for places most likely to yield petroleum. >> finally they found it. >> oil in commercial quantities have been brought in after t g long, discouraging years. >> saudi arabia was an oil bonan bonanza. the u.s. and the saudis formed a company to share the profits. the arab-american oil company. at the same time america was having big oil problems at home. world war ii had severely depleted domestic supplies. >> a fresh warning that our known oil reserves will be exhausted in 10 years. >> it was probably no accident that in 1945, president franklin roosevelt invited the king to a meeting in the middle of the

suez canal. >> an american destroyer, king of the 5 million people of saudi arabia to a conference with president roosevelt. >> the two leaders hit it off. it was that friendship that cemented the saudi-american oil venture. as it grew, american oil executives built an efficient, well-run little america inside saudi arabia. >> slowly, painfully, they reared a modern kmeecommunity oe desert complete with air conditioned houses, two hospitals, and an outdoor movie theater. >> all of it was behind walls because it represented a culture completely alien to the strict practices of the saudis. >> always popular with the employees is a fresh water swimming pool where they can cool off after a round of golf or a set of tennis. >> the saudi-american alliance

grew stronger lieu t eer throug, but there was a stick point. america's support for israel. that turned into a crisis in the 1970s. >> this morning artillery has been bombarding the town. >> during thea war, the saudis protested aed a to ids real and led an iloil embargo against america. >> it plunged the united states into a recession. people had to wait for hours to fill their tanks and face sky high prices for gas. it was the first major crisis between the two countries. now as we face another one, the crucial question. who is the young prince who has elbowed his way to the top of the dingdom?

and what exactly does mbs want? everyone's got to listen to mom. ? and what exactly does mbs want? and what exactly does mbs want? ? and what exactly does mbs want? and what exactly does mbs want? ? and what exactly does mbs want? ? and what exactly does mbs want? ? and what exactly does mbs want? ? and what exactly does mbs want? ? and what exactly does mbs want? ? and what exactly does mbs want? ? and what exactly does mbs want? ? and what exactly does mbs want? smaller portion sizes, clear calorie labels and reminders to think balance. because we know mom wants what's best. more beverage choices, smaller portions, less sugar. balanceus.org my name is austin, i am a two-time brain cancer conqueror. there are some days when i have my, my downs and then i have to rely on my mom to come pick me up from work. we need to be connected on a regular basis. sometimes i get hundreds of texts from her and i'm like stop. i owe everything to her. she's my world. i love you mom. i love you too. (vo) there for you when it matters most. unlimited on the best network now includes apple music

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uncharismatic. >> you see succession followed a pattern. by some estimates, the modern founder of the kingdom had 45 sons. when one died, the next oldest brother took his place. nearly two years ago, siking salman took up this ritual and installed his 31-year-old son. >> saudi arabia has a new heir to the throne. >> a royal shake-up in the house. >> mbs was an obscure young royal known almost no one outside saudi arabia. now he is poised to succeed his ailing father and rule the kingdom for a half century if his health and the monarchy hold out. >> this is somebody with a great deal of ambition and who has the

complete support and faith of his father. >> when mbs rocketed to power, he began to shake things up almost right away. the old saudi system seemed ancient with senior royals running ministries like earls and dukes. he replaced people loyal to him and amassing power personally. we have talked about his dramatic social reforms. >> a royal decree has given women the right to drive. >> we talked about harsh treatment for those who advocated for the reforms. >> women have been subjected to torture and assault in saudi jails. >> the reasons behind the need for change in saudi arabia are crucial. >> if he didn't exist, the saudi system had to invent it.

oil is running out and the population is going up. there is no time to waste. they have enough time to reform starting now. >> most employed saudis work for the yesterday and are given subsidies. >> they can just bleed out money. >> when oil prices crashed, the state was forced to cut back on government salaries and spending. >> that's not a recipe for a stable form of government. what the saudis really want to do is liberate themselves from dependence on oil. have a kind of productive, industrialized economy like the countries of the developed west. >> it is urgent because the young population is rapidly growing. >> in order to get wealthy, they just had to drill the ground instead of drilling and unlocking the people. their energy on enterpriseship and creativity.

>> they want to get more saudis to work and in the private sector, especially women. >> women in saudi arabia are hungry. they want opportunity. there are more women getting educated than men because they are looking for any opportunity to do something. >> his economic plan is called vision 2030. >> they are looking at other ways to diversify their economy. one of the natural ones is touri tourism. >> endless potential. >> he has plans for huge luxury resort in the red sea and a $500 billion entertainment city in the middle of the desert. it all seemed to be moving forward, but then came the murder of jamal khashoggi. mbs lost some of his key foreign investors. >> richored branson said he would freeze ties with the kingdom. >> the world is angry, but at

home, he continues to have real support. one more factor that may keep mbs in power is nationalism. >> people have a sense of belonging to the state because they are saudis, not because they have a particular >> saudi foreign policy had been quiet, even docile. the crown prince put it in overdrive directed against an arch enemy. >> it called the identity toe la to meet the new hit merit of the middle east. >> mbs committed saudi arms, efforts and prestige on all fronts. so far, his foreign adventures have been a disaster. entrapping saudi arabia in a human rights disaster in yemen

ask drawn into a stalemate in kqatar. mohammed is is a young man in a hurry. he's thrown so many balls in the air, foreign policy, domestic reform, all within a a frame k wokwork of increasing authoritarianism. >> he's one in the same time our best hope of the kinds of reforms of the government and of the economy and of the society that we want and most saudis want. at the same time, he's the greatest em pedestrian mea meantment. it makes it difficult for us to cooperate. >> will this balance work? or will one or many of these balls crash to the ground? i'll guf you my thoughts, when i return. ♪ t-mobile is always happy to see you.

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let me begin this brief commentary on a personal note. i knew jamal khashoggi. 15 years ago when i traveled to saudi arabia to write a cover story for "newsweek requests he briefed me and spent time with me while i was in the country. i had a television show on pbs before cnn and invited him on to talk about the future of his country. >> maybe next women will be able to drive. >> he was well read and thoughtful. a saudi reformer, but very much a saudi patriot. i reacted to his death personally, with a sense of horror and disgust, but also a great sadness for the loss of a

friend. but i tried to keep in mind some larger factors when thinking about where the united states should go in its relationship with saudi arabia. the first is that washington does not have the power to choose who will rule saudi arabia. the kingdom is a strange country with three distinct features, tribes, religion and oil. all interacting in complex ways. the ruling family has been able to maintain power if so long because it has managed and manipulated the system effectively. and if mohammed was toppled, the most likely outcome is the return of more conservative traditional elements to saudi government. there are few democrats out there in the the kingdom. the fact remains that they have done more reform this saudi arabia in the past few years than took place in the previous decades. and yet it is also true he

punishes descent, sometimes savagely. saudi elites will often tell visitors they need to understand that the saudi regime for all its flaws is more progressive and pro western than saudi society. the reality is saudi arabia today has not been its makeup of mode modern country. it can only move slowly. the most effective path forward for washington and the world would be to insist that khashoggi's death become a pressure point to press forward on reform. you see khashoggi's murder shows that limited openings done under an absolute dictatorship are not enough. saudi arabia needs to be governed by the rule of law, not the whims of one man if it is to truly move forward.

it also needs to reign in its reckless foreign policy. for its own sake. ask for the sake of a middle east that's been driven by sectarian conflict that could last for generations. most of all, it needs to work much harder to reverse the forces it has let loose in the muslim world of reaction, intolerance and hate. >> the territory held by isis. >> if washington can press the saudi government in these areas, if it can convince that the only way to redeem his rep pags is to demonstrate his ability to truly transform his country, perhaps something good can come out of the brutal murder. it will never justify it. nothing can. but it might ensure that my friend jamal khashoggi did not die in vain.

thank you for watching. i'm fareed zarkowia. one extra oordinary family fuelled by ambition. driven. they fought for fathpower. >> george w. felt a sense of competition with my brother. he felt i can do that if he can do it. >> they made friends as well as enemies. forged the history of america -- >> i can hear you.