this is gps the gobble public square. welcome to all you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria coming to you live. today on the show, trump and mexico. who won, who lost? and will this deal solve the migrant crisis? also the trump administration's middle east plan. . will it be dead on arrival? the man with the plan, jared kushner, has cast out on whether palestinians are capable of

governing themselves. i'll talk to palestinian official hanan ashrawi and dan senor. while in britain and france this week the president talked a lot about iran. >> iran, iran. >> always a chance of more of what he said. what is iran's reaction to his rhetoric? we'll find out. finally on this weekend i'll make the case for four day work week year round. but first, here's my take. donald trump declared victory in his war with mexico, of course. though he appears to a have won little more than renewed assurances that his government would get tougher on migrants from central america. he did achieve one thing with his bullying behavior by threatening tariffs that are likely in direct contravention

of trade rules. he has undermined one of the most impressive american foreign policy achievements of the last three decades, the transformation of relations with mexico. for much of its modern history, mexico saw itself as a developing country that was oppressed by its high handed imperialist neighbor. from the mexican perspective, america's relations with it were characterized by exploitation and annexation. through war and intimidation the united states took roughly half of mexico's territory in the 19th century. after that and well into the 20th century washington's approach towards mexico was usually aimed at protecting the interests of large american corporations, especially its oil companies that have tried to operate in mexico with minimal interference from local authorities. all this bred a political climate that made cross border cooperation almost difficult on any issue.

then things turned in the 1990s. mexico went through a series of economic crises in the '80s and '90s and desperately needed help. it began opening up its economy and political system. american firms were doing more business in mexico and wanted a stable trading partner. washington began to recognize that the best solution to all the problems across the border, immigration, drugs, violence was a prosperous democratic mexico. mexico's old anti-americanism fadeed faded into oblivion. they worked on everything from water management to immigration to drugs. the most radical and left wing president in a generation, mexico's president responded like a grown-up the mexican government is a friend of the

u.s. government. he himself is mexico's response to trump. in 2016 he was polling around 25%. as trump took office and continued his mexico bashing, he labelled him a neo-fascist and published a book titled "listen trump." then last july he won with a staggering 53% of the presidential vote. so mexico now has a radical socialist at its helm and in no small measure thanks to the nasty rhetoric of donald trump. but even as mexico's president he has to make nice with washington. the country, however, feels freshly humiliated and reformers are in retreat. as a former senior mexican diplomat he wrote in politico, all our old suspicions are confirmed. the united states is not a friend. the united states is out to get

us again. we are back to where we were before nafta. he point out that mexico could stop cooperating on a host issues that affect americans. mexicans see the drug trade, for example, as one created by american demand, financed by american cash, and fought with american guns. and yet mexican police die every month trying to stop this trade. the mexican government has tried to stem migration to the u.s. from central america, and cooperates closely with the u.s. on this even though the level has become unmanageable for mexico and united states authorities. two peoples, mexicans and americans are deeply intertwined economically, politically and culturally. the relationship between mexico and the united states could be a unique example of cooperation under very difficult conditions. but all that would require a different american president. for more go to cnn.com/fareed

and read my "washington post" column this week. let's get started. let's keep talking about mexico and its relationship to america under donald trump. i want to bring in two experts on that relationship, jorge g. castaneda, was mexico's foreign minister from 20002003. he's a professor at nyu and joins us from new york city city. shannon koneil is at the council on foreign relations. shannon, let me ask you, it does appear that donald trump blinked in the sense that the deal that he announced, that was announced was largely stop mexico to months ago the one ask that the trump administration had was that to not get too technical a

third country treaty which the mexican government did not give. is it your sense that facing republican senate opposition, a lot of opposition from big business, donald trump realized that these tariffs were not going to work and essentially back down, of course, he's declaring victory? >> i think he set up a crisis so he could make a deal as he has across many foreign policy and domestic policy issues. so he had put on the table, his administration, this idea that mexico would be responsible for all central americans. they would have to seek asylum there. that's what this agreement would have been. the mexicans turned it down. they said they would do more of what they have been doing. that means more troops and national guard at their southern border to stop central americans from coming up and then also accepting more of the migrants that are seeking asylum in the united states, letting more of them wait in mexico for the months as it goes through the u.s. process.

so mexico offered at least promised more of the same to try to limit the flows that are coming north. >> jorge g. castaneda, do you think this affects america's image with mexico, the kind of, the bullying tactics, the threats, the intimidation? >> well, it does a little bit, but it's also important to say that in many ways people in mexico are seeing this as the mexican government, the mexicans played donald trump. basically they promised to do what they had already promised to do, and probably won't do it. you know, the mexican creed always is say yes, never say when. that's basically what the mexicans told donald trump. the problem with this is that as time goes by it's going to be more complicated for mexico to actually deliver and if it does deliver it's going to be very harmful and very damaging for

mexico. what shannon was saying about accepting many more central americans who request asylum in the u.s. and then wait in mexico, right now there's only about 10,000 of them. but 480,000 entered the united states over the first five months of this year. are they all going to come back? are they going to send them back to mexico to the border on our side? that's something mexico cannot manage. there's no way. >> shannon, what about the use of the threat of these tariffs? as i say it's likely in contravention is likely outside of the wto which strikes me as fascinating because here we are, the united states is accusing china of violating the world trade organization rules that's our central gripe with china and yet when dealing with mexico, the united states is itself violating the wto and these kind

of willy-nilly threats of tariffs. >> this has been trump's line around the world. with china he pulled back preferences from india and threatening mexico with tariffs in order to get other thing that he wants on migration. you know, mexico was in an incredibly hard place in this decision. if the tariffs had gone on, it would have likely tipped their economy into recession, roughly a third of its gdp depends on trade coming north and especially if those tariffs ratcheted up it would have been very difficult for them. instead they came up with this agreement. they will take back tens of thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands. these are people they don't have the capacity to support. they will need to house and feed and educate many of them because tens of thousands of them are children. so they may have the political will to try to meet trump's demands, but they really don't have the capacity. the other challenge they will have, frankly, is security. they have said they are going to prioritize going after migrants.

they will send 6,000 or so national guard down there to deal with central americans. mexico today is facing historic homicide rates, some of the worst violence in its history. so they have to pull resources away from that fight for trump's demands. >> jorge, this feels like a very different u.s.-mexican relationship than the one you presided over with another republican president, when george w. bush was inaugurated he made his first foreign trip to mexico, to the ranch, i think of fox's ranch. you were there. it feels like this relationship which had been on an upward trajectory is in a very different place now. >> it is to the extent that lopez is the first president of mexico not have met with his american counterpart during the first year following his election, since the 1950s.

every president since 1964 has met with their american counterpart. lopez hasn't and probably won't for some time. there were advantages to this because it allows the two leaders not to get into personal fights or squabbles and allows them to leave the ambiguity in this agreement which is very worrisome. i just mentioned three aspects. one, in a tweet this morning, early sunday morning, president trump says that there is another issue in the agreement which has not yet been mentioned and will be nunannounced soon. nobody knows what he's talking about. yesterday he said mexico committed itself to making huge immediate agricultural purpos purposes -- purchases. and what shannon of just saying about how many central americans are going to be sent back, who does the agreement cover? the central americans who are

already in the united states? those who are going to enter as of tomorrow morning? those who are in detention centers or every where? apparently there are 97,000 central americans who have requested asylum in the united states. we're going to get 97,000 people back in mexico on ten border towns? my relationship and president fox's relationship with bush was never easy. we had the iraq war. we had a whole bunch of problems. but at least there was a willingness to cooperate. trump, on the contrary, just wants to bully people, although mexican tradition allows mexicans to play him and that's always something we have to be thankful for. >> shannon, finally, we got about 30 seconds. it does seem to me that part of the problem here, the fundamental problem is mexican capacity. mexicans have wanted to

cooperate on stemming the flow of central american migrants, cooperate on the drug war but you know the mexican government is not the german government and there had always been an understanding in america the fundamental solution was to help mexico become a middle class country and a more effective state. that seems to have gone away. >> that is right now the fundamental challenge. mexico has promised to stem this flow but they probably are just not capable of doing so. and we will see then at the end of the summer if these flows continue up to the u.s. southern border we'll see a revisiting of this and the tariffs may come back. throughout this all president trump either forgets, doesn't know about or care that a safe, prosperous stable mexico is not just for mexico but also for the united states. >> shannon, jorge, fascinating conversation. thank you so much. we'll be back with the middle east peace plan.

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even longer for jared kushner's long awaited peace plan. on september 17th israel will have to go back to ballot box in the hope that a government can be formed after the last elections prime minister netanyahu failed to form a new coalition. in the meantime the first son-in-law may be showing some of his cards. when asked by axios recently whether palestinians are capable of governing themselves, he demurred then he said he hopes over time they can become capable of governing themselves. so let's bring in long time palestinian official hanan ashrawi and republican foreign policy adviser dan senor. dan, what is happening? is there a debate within the administration? take us behind-the-scenes. >> the debate is with each day passes the u.s. government loses leverage in this process. so the hope was to get this done before the most recent israeli the election. they couldn't get it done because the israeli government didn't want it to happen.

it couldn't happen during the process coalition negotiations to form a government because this would create problems for netanyahu on the right. so they said let's get through the formation of the government. they got through it and guess what? another election. that election happens in september. i want will take 30 to 45 days to form a government when you couldn't in the jewish holidays. so you're looking at basically early to mid-november for a new israeli government to be formed which will be one year before the u.s. presidential election. time is an issue. doesn't mean all is lost. doesn't mean a process can't be started. but the internal debate within the administration how hard to push. >> when you look at this plan. the outlines the palestinians are given a certain amount of resources for economic development and and attempt to integrate them into israeli government. but not statehood.

what is your reaction? >> my reaction is that this so-called peace plan suffers from three very basic flaws. one is that the israeli is elusive. depending of course as dan said on the israeli timetable and domestic israeli issues. the americans, this administration has taken concrete steps on the ground that are totally prejudicial and illegal and are preventing any kind of viable or any kind of legal or any kind of acceptable peace plan. the issue of jerusalem, the issue of refugees, the annexation of the golan, the total defunding of palestinians including hospitals and scholarships and so on, refusal to accept the two state solution, legalizing settlements, these are steps and positions that are illegal and

totally destroy the accountability of whatever plan they have. third now you have kushner coming out with the economic component saying, of course, in a very, very patronizing way that the palestinians are on probation. we have to prove that we are worthy of our rights and that we may not be able to run our lives and that we do need help and i wrote about this as the white man's burden again. this kind of language is entirely unacceptable, this kind of racism and putting the palestinians on probation in order to see whether we deserve our freedoms unacceptable. >> dan, it does seem to me there's a kind of misreading here in the sense that, jared kushner is a businessman and he seems to be approaching this as a businessman. we'll give you these great resources he's promising $50 billion most of it seems pretty

illusory to me. let's assume you got some money. national pride and dignity often trump economics. not just for the palestinians, for the israelis, for the iranians, we sometimes forget that, you know, not everything runs on economics alone. >> i would just say the way the administration specifically jared are viewing this is in the context of the gradual soft normalization that's going on between the israeli government and arab governments throughout the sunni world. an official said a year ago to me in talking about this potential for this process look there's a future in the middle east and there's a past. we want to be the future. we the sewn j sewunni arab worl. the administration doesn't think there's a down side. if their image is beaming out of bahrain at the end of june of

entrepreneur, world leaders sitting and talking in workshops and those images are being beamed, are young palestinians going to look at that and say where is our place. >> are sunni aligning themselves with israel that they will not spend a lot of time, energy or political capital defending some core demands of the palestinians and instead be more inned in better relations the israel? >> well, this is one way in which this american administration has been trying to reward israel, to normalize israel, to deliver to israel that and at the same time to maintain its occupation. if anybody has any knowledge of the context of the history of the core issues they would understand that no arab leader, no matter how autocratic they thing he is will accept israel's

annexation of jerusalem or negate palestinians rights. the u.s. is repositioning israel as a major source of power in the region. no matter how much they would try i don't think they would succeed because there's such a thing as public opinion. there's a test of the integrity and credibility of the leadership which is the palestinian question. >> i have to ask you before i let you go, dan, what is going to happen to benjamin netanyahu. it seemed like he was, you knew term, lonest serving prime minister in israel's history and now he's trapped in a parliamentary problem where he can't form a coalition. >> i think he's much weaker today than ten days ago. i still think that the right of center voting bloc, general

election voting bloc in israel is still the majority. so if there's an election in september i still think he gets at least where he is today and he'll be able to form a government. i can only imagine what conditions he'll have to agree to in the formation of that government. i don't think the politic, the electoral politics will change much between now and september. >> dan senor, hanan ashrawi, pleasure to have you on. next on gps, summer fridays. even if you love your job as i do an extra day off every week sounds like a good deal. when i come back i'll look at the studies and make a case for four day work week. you can show it to your boss on monday. ther than worry about how to pay for long-term care. brighthouse smartcare℠ is a hybrid life insurance and long-term care product. it protects your family while providing long-term care coverage, should you need it. so you can explore all the amazing things ahead.

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now for what in the world segment. sum certificate nearly here and with it for the lucky ones comes one of the some's greatest gifts summer fridays. an extra weekend day is always welcomed. but what if it were the rule not the exception. in other words, what if summer fridays were available all year long? it may sound outlandish but the idea of a four day work week is gaining ground in many rich countries. take the uk where work hours have been creeping up in recent years. here's the head of britain's national federation of unions at a recent conference. >> i believe that in this century we can win a four day working week with decent pay for everyone. [ applause ] >> if you take a long view this isn't a crazy thought. throughout history technology has allowed people to work fewer

hours over time. early industrial workers had a grueling six day week. in 1926 henry ford did something unusual. he gave workers a two day weekend egged on by joins aunio. eventually this became standard. they predicted technology would make us so efficient his grandchildren's generation would only clock in 15 hours a week. that was clearly an overshot. but the british economist told bloomberg that judging by historical trends people should be working an average of 33 hours per week today. closer to 40 hours in britain and 2014 gallop poll showed full-time workers in the u.s. work even more hours each week. but some companies are now bucking this trend. the uk based insurance sales company simply business told the

guardian it would pilot a four day work week for some of its 500 employees beginning in september. the new zealand base d estate piloted a four day work. they had to adjust. some used flags as do not disturb on their desks. most importantly to increase efficiency they had to cutback on browsing the internet. the company claimed that workers were as productive in four days as they used to be in five and they were more engaged and less stressed. as noted in the "new york times" at a certain point adding more and more hours in the office or factory does not seem to get better results. the stanford economist found after 49 hours of work per week productivity falls. in the u.s. fatigued workers cost employers $136 billion a

year. so is less work actually good for the bottom line? well not necessarily. look at sweden which conducted a 23 month experiment in shortened work hours that ended in 2016. 68 nurses in an elderly care home in took six hour shifts instead of eight hour ones. at the end of the trial the nurses were healthier, happier and called in sick less. but the city did have to hire 17 new nurses to cover the slack and the trial cost $1.3 million. if you're looking at balance sheets it may be hard right now to justify a four day work week. but if you're looking at a more equitable healthy society the argument writes itself. one study found if the u.s. kept works hours in line with european it would consume less energy and cut carbon emissions by 3%. a standardized four day work week could also reduce the gender pay gap making it easier

for parents to share child care duties and not forcing young mothers into less demanding, less lucrative work. in some better health, cleaner air, progress towards gender equality. who knew that extending summer fridays could have such a big impact. next on gps, secretary of state pompeo says the u.s. is ready to talk to iran. president trump says iran wants to talk to the u.s.. we'll sort out fact from fiction when we return. hopes you drive safely. but allstate actually helps you drive safely... with drivewise. it lets you know when you go too fast... ...and brake too hard. with feedback to help you drive safer. giving you the power to actually lower your cost. unfortunately, it can't do anything about that. now that you know the truth... are you in good hands?

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they are failing as a nation. i don't want them to fail as nation. we can turn that around very quickly. i understand they want to talk. if they want to talk that's fine. we'll talk. but one thing that they can't have is they can't have nuclear weapons. >> president trump in france on thursday talking about iran. perhaps he knows something we don't but iranian officials say they will not talk to washington. the islamic republic's supreme leader rejected the idea again in a speech on tuesday that was broadcast on state tv. he told america to stay away from iran in that speech. so how is america's pressure campaign playing in iran? joining me now is dina esfandiary, a scholar on all things iran. she's a fellow at harvard's kennedy school. the trump administration seems to be the iran deal was

terrible, we're putting back the sanctions because we want a better deal. never been entirely clear what that deal was, though president trump and i think the most recent interview said the problem with the deal it was too short a duration. other people said they wanted other things included like missiles. is there a prospect that if you put, keep this pressure on the iranians will agree to a new and better version of the iran deal? >> had you asked me that request right after the 2015 nuclear deal is there a prospect for a deal to continue i would have said absolutely. give it a little bit of time. today it's very difficult. the u.s. has lost a lot of credibility by stepping away from the deal. from tehran's perspective why would you re-enter into negotiations with the united states? what could you possibly get from them? what kind of assurance could you get from them that would make it

worth it? >> when you look at what's going on in iran, president trump's comments said they are hurting, absolutely true? the iranian economy will contract by 6%. the currency is down more than 50%. what is that doing in iran? >> it's creating a lot of problems. both on the economic side but also on the political side. it's undeniable the iranian public is tired, they are frustrated, there was a lot of hope right after the nuclear deal that things would improve for them and clearly they haven't. you've seen this over the course of the last year with a range of different kinds of demonstrations and expressions of frustration. but the problem is that the iranians don't want today a massive regime change. they don't want revolution. they want a reform of the current system because last time they had a revolution things didn't end. up the way they wanted it to. >> when you look forward what will this pressure do on the assumption that there's no dialogue? is there a possibility of conflict?

iran does have proxies in various parts of the middle east. what happens? where do we go from here? >> the problem with this maximum pressure campaign, frankly, is it's unclear what its goals are. if the goal is to get iran to return to the negotiating table that doesn't seem to work because they are asking for iran's capitulation before it comes to the negotiating table. if it's asking for regime change that's unlikely to happen. so if the other goal is conflict, well, again, to what effect? what your going to try to achieve by creating a military conflict with iran? nobody, the iranians, the americans, even iran's regional neighbors, nobody wants conflict because it's unclear what will happen if that happens. >> it raised the tension in the region. >> absolutely. that's what they've done. the problem is if you don't have an end game in mind or your

policy isn't clear, which at the moment it doesn't seem to be, then you can't expect the iranians to react in way that makes sense for you. they are going to end up doing what makes sense for them. >> fascinating. next on gps, this is a picture of winston churchill's 75 years ago just after the d-day if aviation. he's all smiles here but according to my next guest churchill wasn't at all happy before the invasion or about the invasion. why? find out when we come back. biopharmaceutical researchers. pursuing life-changing cures in a country that fosters innovation here, they find breakthroughs... like a way to fight cancer by arming a patient's own t-cells... because it's not just about the next breakthrough... it's all the ones after that.

. on thursday leaders from around the world gathered in normandy to mark the 75th anniversary of d-day. it was a day that changed the course of history. thanks to the bravery and sacrifice of so many. but amazingly the whole operation almost didn't take place because of one very important brit who didn't like the plan. that's according to historian nigel hamilton. he's just published the final book in his fdr wore triology. it's entitled "war and peace." pleasure to have you back. >> great to be here. >> 75th anniversary of d-day.

the normandy landings are, i think, for much of the world, the sort of the moment of world war ii. this is the moment when the allies move into, on to the continent of europe and begin the process of rolling back the nazi conquest of europe. you reveal that winston churchill, the great world war ii leader was actually opposed to this. >> i'm afraid to say he was. it's really been covered up for the last seven decades. largely because he was such a brilliant writer that he wrote his own version of world war ii and he didn't want to go into that. but i spent ten years on the triology and i wanted to look at it from fdr's point of view.

after american were defeated after pearl harbor was determined to impose an american strategy on how to defeat first the germans and then the japanese. in that strategy it was crucial that ultimately united states forces would have to meet them in open battle. >> interesting thing you point out, winston churchill we think of this great commander-in-chief he was almost wrong on all of his military strategies. sometimes he was just plain wrong and other ways it was a secret way to retain the british empire while defeating the germans. >> yes. one could say that this was reasonable national strategy if it worked. but the trouble was for all his genius as a leader, as an

orator, as someone who could marshal the will of a nation as we did in his finest hour in 1940, even though he been to military college which fdr hadn't, he was very unlucky and very impetuous and never really understood modern warfare. >> roosevelt was traveling to europe because he had to meet with stalin to get the normandy invasion done. he's doing this on small flights. these are 20 hours in prop planes in unpressurized cabins and he's paralyzed from the waist down. his heart is in terrible condition. he only dies two years later. it must have been a tremendous

exerosion b exertion but he thought you couldn't win this war without doing this diplomacy. >> absolutely. he felt it was vital to have that happy alliance that would make a post-war united nations feasible and workable and felt that could only really to be done using his great stature. after all, he was -- i know he was commander-in-chief for the armed forces of the united states but he was, in effect, the commander-in-chief of all the allied forces. but as you say i got back on his battleship in the beginning of 1945, sick as hell, and went to yalta, when only you're able to

function mentally as well as physically, probably only two or three hours a day. yet he forced himself to sit at that table, he wanted to get certain things accepted by the russians and the british before he died. >> the vision, the will we have now created after 1945, sometimes people call at any time liberal international order, a kind o free markets, free trade rules, regulations, international organizations like the u.n., the world bank, you make the case that this was all fundamentally fdr's idea. >> oh, this was his vision, which he had since 1942. >> finally, when you look at the way things are going today, there's a certain amount of unraveling of this liberal international order, do you think to your self you are watching the unraveling of the world that fdr created in the

1940s? >> i'm afraid to a great extent that's not to say it isn't inevitable. history moves in different ways. i do think it is unraveling. i do think the saddest part of it is the lack of leadership. leadership beyond simple nationalistic leadership. leadership that moves beyond isolationism. leadership that accepts a larger vision for the world. and eventually i think that the world we're seeing which is rather fragmented and inward looking in terms of different countries, i think ultimately we will move back to a more fdr-like vision. >> nigel hamilton, always a pleasure.

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>> i'm brian stetler and this is reliable source our weekly look at the story behind story. show you how the media works and how the news gets made. this hour the first live interview with jim acosta. he's promoting this new book, "the enemy of the people." plus washington turning on tech companies like google and facebook.

why?