tv Fareed Zakaria GPS CNN July 28, 2019 10:00am-11:00am PDT
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know, we'll see what happens. but i do think bernie sanders won here in the primary so you cannot say that is not a strategy -- >> that's all the time we have. thank you one and all. appreciate it. thank you for spending your sunday morning with us. thank you for spending your sunday morning with us. be sure to watch the cnn debates tuesday, wednesday 58 p.m. eastern here in detroit. fareed zakaria "gps" starts right now. >> this is "gps," the "global public square." welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. today on the show, a new day dawns in brittain as mrs. may exits and mr. johnson takes center stage. former foreign secretary promises to take brittain out of the european union in fewer than 100 days. i have a great panel to talk about boris johnson and what promises to be a wild ride ahead
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for brittain, europe and the world. then -- >> if i wanted to win that war, afghanistan would be wiped off the face of the earth. >> that comment sent shock waves through afghanistan. i'll talk to the afghan ambassador to the united states about what her government has called trump's unacceptable remark. also from the opium wars of the 1800s to the protests that have been rocking hong kong for weeks. how did we get here and what makes hong kong such a flash point? i'll explain. first here's my take. >> brittain has a new prime minister and donald trump approves. >> he's tough and he's smart. they're saying brittain trump and people are saying that's a good thing. they like me over there.
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>> in fact, only 28% of brittains have konch dense in trump compared to 79% who had confidence in obama. the biggest issue is that boris johnson's rise to 10 downing street is bad for brittain and europe and the united states. >> johnson has assured the house of commons that brittain will be out of the union in less than 100 days. how he can manage this without sharp divisions to the economy is a mystery. it would accelerate the decline of europe as global actor on the world stage. brittain has always been an organizing force in europe. it was the british government that took the lead making the marshal plan work in organizing the coalition that became natury. brittain took a while to enter the community, but once it joined in 1973, it became perhaps the most influential
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member. what is often forgotten in all of the talk of the european union's rules and regulations is that its central project for decades was the creation of a single market. harmonizing taxes, eliminating tariffs, eliminating barriers. that vision was urged more aggressively by brittain's free market prime minister margaret thatcher. washington's former ambassador explains that brittain was always america's closest ally on substantive issues within europe. he writes, with brexit, the united states would lose a major supporter on a range of important trade and regulatory issues where the uk's more free market approach mirrored ours more closely than most eu states. sanctions again iran, russia and other countries, on data privacy and anti-trust matters. on counter terrorism and on
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national security issues. brittain is poised to withdraw from europe at a time when europe is withdrawing from the world. the continent was once led by figures like thatcher and cole who all believed europe had to play a priv toll role in global affairs. they built the single market, navigated the collapse of the soviet empire, welcomed in the countries of eastern and central europe, and projected western values onto the post cold war world. today, european leaders are consumed with europe's economic strains, populus politics and anti-european back lashes. jaer i mean is in caretaker mode. macron wants a stronger europe but is bedeviled by troubles. and europe suspect businessly preparing for an exit. the main challenge to gloeblt
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stability is order is obvious. it is the assertive powers like russia and china. europe could play a crucial role in helping to reserve the rules and values that have been built up since 1945. but europe would need to harness its power and act with purpose. in fact, it's moving in the opposite direction. we are watching the sh rivling of a group of nations that have defined and dominated the international stage since the 17th century and brexit will only accelerate the sad slide. for more go to cnn/fareed and read my washington post column. >> you are looking at boris
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johnson at buckingham palace. he officially became the british prime minister, the 14th to serve under her. her first was winston church hill. more recently, thatcher, major, blair, brown and may. let's bring in the panel. >> richard haas is the president of the council on foreign relations and a former director of policy planning at the state department. >> neil, let me start with you, you're a historian, a great biography and you also know boris johnson personally and have known him for decades. paint a picture of the man for us. >> ma rx famously said that
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history repeats itself and he had napoleon the first and third in mind. it's hard not to think of boris as a church hill and this is a kind of version of the movie "darkest hour". i've known boris for more than 30 years and it never ceases to amaze me how he survives crises and scandals which would destroy a normal person's career. so i've come reluctantly to the conclusion that he must have more than the qualities i just mentioned to have got to the very top, which was after all, his sole reason for backing brexit in the first place, despite all that has gone wrong in the course of his career, despite actually more recently he's been quite a sdraft ris foreign secretary, shows that he does have the strange superpower that makes for success.
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so while i share some of your skepticism about the difficulties that he faces, i as one of his critics and not a close friend at times, i think i have to admit he's got something. otherwise he simply wouldn't have got to the top of the greasy pole. >>. >> what does the mood look like in brittain? >> it's been quite a week. we have a prime minister who is not just radically different in style than his predecessor. i mean, you cannot imagine a more different prime minister to theresa may. but we have a new team and new government. and the striking thing about what's happened within hours of him becoming prime minister is the scale of the cabinet. the whole new load of people were brought in who share two characteristics, that they were fiercely loyal to boris johnson
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and they bought into the idea that they were leaving the european union by october 31st. and that is absolutely the policy of this government. and the other bit that is very clear is this is a campaigning people. not only did he bring dominic cummings who is the mastermind of the campaign as chief adviser, they clearly are a team that is getting girded up for a reelection very soon. and i wouldn't be at all surprised if we don't have an election in october or before. >> when you look at it from the outside, in order to get out by october 31st, it would seem like the europeans would have to make some compromises now. first of all, it's basically august and nobody in europe is working. so i don't quite see how in 100 days in the middle of the summer you are actually going to get some kind of negotiated exit. >> you wouldn't get a negotiated exit in the middle of winter either. the europeans are not going to cut a sweet deal with the british. there is no fondness or the new
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prime minister for those around him. there's no kmans the europeans would set a precedent that might encourage others to follow suit. if it's going to be brexit, it's going to be punitive from their point of view. it will be bad for europe, it will be i would argue even worse for the united kingdom. indeed, i think it puts in jeopardy the fact whether it remains united. looking at it from the american point of view, we lose a powerful partner on a continent that can't really use its voice anymore with europe. and to some extent it puts not in jeopardy but it's part of a larger pat thaern we're seeing in international relations where the post world war ii is starting to come apart. you had the project of nato and europe. and what we're seeing are both are coming under enormous pressure. it's further evidence that we now have a disrupter in chief in the united states and now he has a partner at 10 downing street.
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>> neil, does it strike you that there is a possibility for a second referendum as tony blair keeps urging? they're talking about essentially a reelection that would be a referendum on brexit. i think everybody is moving for this kind of option because i can't quite imagine brittain simply crashing out of europe. >> i agree with her, the goal here is pretty clearly to go for an early election. i think what boris johnson is going to do is go through the motions of negotiating with the europeans, not expecting to get anywhere for the reasons richard haas just gave. i think he has to be very careful in the house of commons where, remember, he's inheriting a wafer low single majority from theresa may. that's an extremely vulnerable position. and he has to make sure he doesn't lose control of this process to a parliament of people that don't want to do a no deal brexit. i think there comes a moment where he's going to say that's
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it, i'm not getting anywhere, we need an election and it's an election on brexit by all means or any means. and the goal will be a polarizing election on that unissue. this is a high-stakes gamble because this is the critical point to answer your question, he could lose and he could lose because the liberal democrats under a new leader pick up a punch of seats from the ories and the labor party has essentially embraced the idea of another referendum. if boris looses and this gamble misfires we could find ourselves within a remarkably short space of time with jeremy corbin at number 10 downing street and a coalition of labor plus liberal democrats, plus the scottish nationalists, maybe even committed to two refuse -- refuse r referendums. this could blowup the united kingdom. >> that's a pretty dark scenario
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that neil ferguson just described, boris johnson as the shortest serving prime minister in england, brittain breaking up. >> he could be. but for me the thing that is really deeply worrying and underappreciated is this whole policy is predicated on an idea that crashing out or a clean brexit or whatever to call it is the end of the road. but that's just simply not true, because the europeans remain our biggest trading partners. and if we crash out on october 31st or whenever we do, if we do, then we still have to come crawling back to get some kind of a trade deal. it's not as though the game is over. so i think we're on for a wild ride in the next couple of months. i think anybody who tells you they can predict the outcome is unclear. we still have brexit which won't have gone away. whatever the outcome. >> we are going to move beyond brexit.
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are included for the whole family. and we are back with neil ferguson and richard haas. richard, robert mueller, so much has been said about it, but what i'm struck by is it's all about mueller, what it means for trump. the central point of the report, which was in some ways the central point of his testimony, was the russians remain very actively trying to influence american elections. >> absolutely. he's not alone in saying that. a few weeks ago i interviewed the head of the fbi and he said what happened in the previous election was simply a warm-up for 2020. so this is not going away. and if you're putin, why would it go away? this has been enormously successful, very low cost. the price he's paid is quite modest. and russia is not a great power in many ways anymore.
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it's not nuclear weapons and conventional force. we've seen that in syria and the ukraine. this is the other big tool is the ability to use cyber related tools to weaken what we see as their enemies and their adversaries. so this is real and the question is what sorts of defensive measures are we going to take and are we prepared to do things to make mr. putin think twice before he does it again. and i think perhaps in the previous conversation in the next british election or in any number of european elections. >> let me switch gears, because last week there was a cover on the american economy. so trump now seems to have in some ways dealt with the mueller inquiry. he is presiding over the longest expansion of the american economy in history. is it likely that that expansion will continue into the 2020 election?
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>> well, i think that has to be one of the single biggest questions facing him. my sense is the economy is slowing. it's very clearly slowing and we're seeing the impact of the trade war amongst other things. but what we're also seeing is central banks around the world, particularly the fed and the european central bank, making clear that they are going to losing policy. so we're seeing central bankers acting relatively early compared to in the past to try and head off that slowdown. so i suspect we will see a slowing economy. whether it will be dramatically slow is not clear to me. but it's definitely going to be slower. but will it be slow enough to be a real drag on 2020 is not yet clear to me. >> neil ferguson, what do you think? >> well, there's a little question mark over exactly what the federal reserve is is going to do this year, because markets got very excited at the prospect
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of more than one rate cut. and yet if you look back over the last couple of weeks, there have been signals of uncertainty, including an extraordinary correction of the head of the new york fed, john williams, by his own staff. so i think there's a possibility that we might get a little bit of a fright if the fed seems to change its mind or disappear points markets. but i broadly agree is that the big story is all the banks are moving on to ease mode. it's as if the great debate of stagnation that larry summers started when he didn't get the fed job has been won and the central banks are saying, yep, does look like we're facing secular stagnation, we better get rates down to zero. and in parts of europe we're talking about negative rates in the bond market. so this of course plays to donald trump's claim that he's making great again. if the economy does keep going, if he avoids the nightmare of a recession in 2020, i think he's going to have an extremely
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strong argument to make that he's delivering on the economy. let's face it, that tends to be the thing that really drives the outcome of u.s. presidential elections. >> the one thing that could spoil this is u.s./china trade, they're in a serious trade war. >> we're beginning to see a slowdown of economic growth. one of the principle reasons is we're seeing a slowdown in the rate of trade growth. it's probably several percent below what it was as recently as two years ago. so donald trump in a funny sort of way is emerging as the biggest threat to donald trump. i think it's right that economic growth is his principle claim to getting reelected, his trade policy and to some extent his immigration policy are working against him. and so at some point he's going to have to choose which way is he going to go. what it is going to be his defining issue? >> fascinating. thank you. next on "gps," what do the opium wars of the 1800s have to do with the great unrest in hong
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liberalism and autonomy. but what's astounding is hong kong has managed to exist as part of the largest modern authoritarian regime in the world and still remain any degree of autonomy in the first place. the root of this contradiction lies further back than you might think. a war between the british and the chinese that began in 1839. in the years leading up to it, chinese cities were effectively closed to international trade, except where british merchants flocked to buy tea. they exchanged it for the only commodity that the chinese wanted from brittain, opium, which flooded china even though it was illegal. eventually the chinese emperor noticed the drug scourge and dumped all the opium in the
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river. in responses, the british sent in their warships. the war ended in 1942 with the british establishing a common in hong kong that would allow british traders to access the chinese market directly from right next door. in 1898, hong kong expanded when the british leased part of the mainland and adjacent islands from china for a period of 99 years. for a century and a half, the british ruled hong kong. it had its own legal system, open markets, a stock exchange, a free press and impartial judiciary. and while the communist revolution was transforming the mainland in the 20th century, hong kong experienced a revolution of its own, economic growth. it became a hub for global finance. but finally in 1997, the lease expired and brittain returned all of hong kong to china.
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the latter agreed to govern it under the policy of one country, two systems. this established hong kong's own mini constitution and it ensured that hong kong would have its freedoms for 50 years while becoming an inalienable part of china. it was shocking how little beijing interfered with hong kong at first. the territory was an economic power house, some were hopeful that hong kong might even make the mainland more democratic. that obviously hasn't happened. as china's economy grew so did the strength of its political system. the leverage that hong kong had to hold onto its freedoms has shrunk as its economy relative to china's slid from 20% of the mainland in 1997 to just about 3% today. shanghai hang to rival hong kong as a financial center. and now creeping chinese control is visible. in recent years beijing has attempted to interfere in matters of security and school
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curriculum and other things. in 2014 hong kong erupted in months of demonstrations known as the umbrella protests. they were calling for universal suffrage, a crackdown followed, the protest failed and this year is court handed down sentences to three organizers. today's protester focus has transitioned from an extradition law to the idea of democracy itself. for beijing these protests on the small island could have seismic repercussions. afterall, if hong kong should be governed democratically, why not china? the two sides are locked into positions with little room to compromise. whatever happens, we are seeing a drawn-out process of hong kong not entirely willingly clinging to its history, and national character to the mainland after a century and a half apart. that process will not be easy. next on "gps," trump threatened this week that he could win in afghanistan by killing 10 million afghans, but he doesn't
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want to do that. america has spent years trying to stabilize and make it we would get the afghan ambassad ambassador's responses to donald trump when we come back. [music playing] (vo) this is the averys. this is the averys trying the hottest new bistro. wait...and the hottest taqueria? and the hottest...what are those? oh, pierogis? and this is the averys wondering if eating out is eating into saving for their first home. this is jc... (team member) welcome to wells fargo, how may i help?
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>> president trump made those remarks on monday. they set off a firestorm in afghanistan. afghan officials called the remarks unacceptable and cnn's sources say that in the wake of the remarks, afghan president held a tense confrontational meeting with the envoy. joining me now an afghan official, the ambassador to the united states. she's the first woman to hold that post. ambassador, what is the reaction in afghanistan? what do people make of this? >> thank you. you saw the statement that was put out by the afghan government, to which we requested clarification. mulltie-faceted relationship with the united states and our
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soldiers are fighting shoulder to shoulder next to the american soldiers. what we also heard, and i am just coming from a meeting from white house right now, in terms of the some of the clarification was that the president was really concentrating or focusing on the fact that he really wanted a peaceful settlement to end this conflict. he wanted to end the military intervention. >> so let's say, to be charitable, the president always like to flatter the person that's in front of him. he was trying to flatter the prime minister of pakistan. but that, too, is a bit of a puzzle, because the president's last dealings on pakistan were to essentially brand it a terrorist state, uncooperative. he suspended aid. he was very tough on pakistan, because pakistan, by many accounts, is the principal reason why the war in afghanistan has not been won,
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because pakistan gives aid and comfort to the taliban and to various terrorist organizations associated with the taliban. has any of that changed? why do you think the president had changed his -- seemed to change his views on pakistan? >> what i understand is that the president is giving a chance to pakistan, recognizing the very important role that they will be playing in a successful peace process for afghanistan. of course it is not deniable the prime minister of pakistan himself admitted that in the past 40 years the military has been housed there and supported there and created there, in fact. so to that effect the explanation and understanding i have is that the u.s. government
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recognized the important role and as their resolve to finding a political settlement for the conflict in afghanistan, they wanted to take this chance and work with pakistan and ask them for sincere and practical cooperation. and i am hearing that that is now being put to test. >> meanwhile, the president's envoy is negotiating with the taliban. do you know whether they're close to a negotiated deal and would the afghan government accept such a deal? >> whether they are close to finding a solution, i am not sure because we are again, as you know, still not on the table. we do want a peaceful settlement to be reached, a peaceful settlement that would be acceptable to all afghans, that would be durable.
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and of course if it is not a durable settlement, it would have grave consequences for all sides. we also know that the ambassador at the same time is working together with the government of afghanistan right now, in afghanistan, trying to work it out in a way that it would be acceptable for all sides. we believe that he recognizes that the only way for a peace deal to succeed is that it has to be accepted by the people of afghanistan, it has to be negotiated by the government of afghanistan, and for that to sustain, there must be full support. it must be a deal that is supported by the national collective vision. otherwise it will not hold. >> ambassador, thank you very much. pleasure to have you on. >> thank you. >> up next, artificial intelligence threatens to put many workers in many industries
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on the unemployment line, but my next guest says it will not put doctors out of work. it will make them better. how so? find out when we come back. >> don't forget if you miss a show go to cnn.com slash fareed for a link to my podcast. come together at the perfect moment. ♪ don't miss your perfect moment to experience thrilling performance with our most exceptional offers. now, at the lexus golden opportunity sales event. experience amazing at your lexus dealer.
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found that 25% of american jobs face high exposure to automation and artificial intelligence. that means some 36 million workers in the u.s. may lose their jobs to robots or computers in the future. one industry where such technology is already making huge in-roads is medicine. in terms of research, busy doctors may have time to read the latest study on a given ailment, but artificial intelligence can digest every study on that illness ever published, in terms of scans, many radiologists are skilled at finding the tiniest or most obscure abnormalities. but i asked a doctor and author who has written a new book called "deep medicine" if ai might be even better at searching for trouble. >> absolutely. the key here is that machines can be trained with deep learning to see better than humans, to see things humans can't even see.
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so 30% of radiologists will miss something on a scan, whereas machines are be trained to get the rate down to less than 1%. so it's really important and it's not just medical scans and slides, all the things that we are looking at with data, we can get augmented help from machine algorithm. >> you made the point that it's not that machines would replace human beings, that they'll augment them. when i think about the scans, i think why do you need a radiologist if the machine is doing a better job? >> for lots of reasons. because you don't want to entrust the machine with a human life. moreover, the machine has no contextual capability. all it can do is say i saw this nodule or where is the human factor, which is the oversight? the backup is so important to put it in perspective for that patient. >> correct me if i'm wrong, but you see the machines doing a lot of what we train doctors to do now is kind of highly analytic,
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pattern recognition. but you're saying the machines can do that better than the humans. the doctors need to be more life coaches, empathy. so explain what you see as the doctor of the future. >> you nailed it. in fact, as machines get better, and it's happening fast, humans need to get more humane. they need to have the compassion. why did people go into medicine in the first place? and here at this juncture, we are dealing with the worst burnout in depression ever in the clinical world. so here's an opportunity, this gift of time to offload so many of these things to get help from machines and get back to the human bond, the human touch and factor. so that's what's so exciting here. if we work on this -- it won't happen by default. that is the squeeze will just continue, which got us into this bad state. but if we stand up for patients and if we use the efficiency productivity, the work flow, the accuracy and speed, we can get
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back that human touch. and i'm excited about that opportunity. >> do you think doctors are being trained like that? i mean, i think doctors still think of themselves as hyper rational, hyper analytic and that the bedside manner is old-fashioned medicine. >> that's one of the problems. we've been selecting brainiacs, but we won't need them on their grade point average and admission test scores. we need the people that are going to exude compassion. so emotional intelligence is going to become a much more precious selection criteria. >> one very fascinating point is that when looking at mental illnesses, you think that people might be more honest and expose their vulnerabilities more to a machine than to another human being and there's good data to back this. >> it's actually fascinating. who would have ever thought that you would disclose your inner most secrets much more likely to an avatar than to a person?
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and this is very helpful, because with the shortage we have of mental health professionals, this could be -- it's already starting to be used to help support people. and so that's actually a welcome and surprising fact. >> so at the end of the day, you are very hopeful about the application of ai in computers to medicine? >> well, i know what can be achieved in the near term which is efficiency and productivity story without question. that's what machines are made for and deep learning. what i'm more worried about is where we seize this opportunity. because we may not see it for generations, if ever again, where we have this ability to get the gift of time and turn that back inwards for patients. and to bring back the patient/doctor relationship, which has eroded so much. to bring it back to the way it was 30, 40 years ago. >> pleasure to have you on. >> thank you so much, fareed. >> and we will be back.
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emblazoned with his name at the low low price of $15 for a set of 10. meanwhile the president warned we have bigger problems in the nation than plastic straws like wrappers and plastic plates. and it brings me to my question, according to a new scientific study what is the most ubiquitous man made pollutant. plastic straws, cigarette butts, plastic bags or food wrappers? stay tuned and we'll tell you the correct answer. my book of the week is "democracy and dictatorship in europe to the present day". this is a superb histtorical study on some of the key issues we are all debating today. it is a model of academic scholarship. and now for the last look. y.com proclaimed the death of
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predictability. as the climate crisis changes our weather patterns in unforeseeable ways making more severe everything from heat waves to wildfires, floods to drauts. but a new study published in the journal of science presents an arboreal avenue to fixing the problem, plant trees, a lot of trees. about a trillion should do the trick. you see trees absorb carbon dioxide to make energy and then turn the carbon into wood where it stays for a long, long time. the study's authors told national geographic those trillion new trees could cut atmospheric carbon levels to a point not seen in nearly a century. and they've already identified hundreds of millions of hectares of unoccupied lanlds all over the world where those trees could flourish without encroaching on cities and towns.
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pointing out that over a 30-year period we've actually seen a 14% increase in global green vegetation caused ironically in mo no small part by the atmospheric increase of carbon. exacerbating the climate crisis they believe that their plan's real up shot is just to buy time as we transition toward a greener economy. but the best parts of this plan is anyone can do it. in 2015 a crew of a hundred butonese swraul pralanted treesn just one hour. get some neighbors together and go try. i dare you. the answer to my challenge is b, cigarette butts. according to a study some
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4.5 trillion cigarettes butts are tossed out around the world each year. discarded cigarette butts can release toxants into the environment. and the filters themselves are made of a kind of plastic that will were cyst in the environment for years possibly decades. to make matters worse the study found they actually reduce plat growth. so even more reason to plant those trees and not to smoke. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week.
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o♪ ozempic®! ♪ oh! oh! (announcer) people with type 2 diabetes are excited about the potential of once-weekly ozempic®. in a study with ozempic®, a majority of adults lowered their blood sugar and reached an a1c of less than 7 and maintained it. oh! under 7? (announcer) and you may lose weight. in the same one-year study, adults lost on average up to 12 pounds. oh! up to 12 pounds? (announcer) a two-year study showed that ozempic® does not increase the risk of major cardiovascular events like heart attack, stroke, or death. oh! no increased risk? (announcer) ozempic® should not be the first medicine for treating diabetes, or for people with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. do not share needles or pens. don't reuse needles. do not take ozempic® if you have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, or if you are allergic to ozempic®. stop taking ozempic® and get medical help right away if you get a lump or swelling in your neck, severe stomach pain, itching, rash, or trouble breathing. serious side effects may happen,
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including pancreatitis. tell your doctor if you have diabetic retinopathy or vision changes. taking ozempic® with a sulfonylurea or insulin may increase the risk for low blood sugar. common side effects are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, and constipation. some side effects can lead to dehydration, which may worsen kidney problems. i discovered the potential with ozempic®. ♪ oh! oh! oh! ozempic®! ♪ (announcer) if eligible, you may pay as little as $25 per prescription. ask your health care provider today about once-weekly ozempic®. let's see, aleve is than tylenol extra strength. and last longer with fewer pills. so why am i still thinking about this? i'll take aleve. aleve. proven better on pain. that's what happens in golf nothiand in life.ily. i'm very fortunate i can lean on people, and that for me is what teamwork is all about. you can't do everything yourself. you need someone to guide you
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and help you make those tough decisions, that's morgan stanley. they're industry leaders, but the most important thing is they want to do it the right way. i'm really excited to be part of the morgan stanley team. i'm justin rose. we are morgan stanley. hello, everyone. thank you so much for joining me this sunday. i'm frederica whitfield. president trump is fortifying his attacks on maryland congressman elijah cummings and bashing his seventh district which includes baltimore. despite massive backlash to the president saturday ratrump is bk at it again today tweeting in part, someone please explain to nancy pelosi who was recently called racist by those in her own party that there is nothing wrong with bringing out the very obvious fact that congressman
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