tv Declassified CNN September 28, 2019 8:00pm-9:00pm PDT
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>> terrorism has been with us since the start of time and will be with us long after i have left this earth but in the '80s it was especially prolific. hijackings, assassinations, bombings, hostage taking across the spectrum, terrorists were active and they were effective. >> attacks were more frequent. they were more deadly. if anything happened like that today, we would be absolutely in a panic. as a former fbi agent and chairman of the house intelligence committee, i had oversight of all 16 of our
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nation's intelligence agencies. my name is mike rogers. i had access to classified information gathered by our operatives. people who risked everything for the united states and our families. you don't know their faces or their names. you don't know the real stories from the people who lived the fear and the pressure, until now. >> today's attack comes after several months in the middle east. it is the sort of incident that became familiar in the 1970s when palestinian terrorism was at its height. terrorist groups in the '80s were more active and more effective than they are today. at that time you had terrorist groups throughout the world operating virtually unchallenged. >> you had hezbollah, you had
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hamas, the organizations. >> viewed as the most lethal of all of the palestinian terrorist groups. >> december 27th, terrorists as we know attacked rome and vietnam international airports for the latest in a series of atrocities which have shocked the conscience of the world. it's clear that the responsibility for these latest attacks lies squarely with the terrorist known as abou nidal and his organization. we shall make every effort to bring him and other terrorists to justice. >> the abu nidal organization was a palestinian terrorist group devoted to the destruction of israel and the establishment of the palestinian state. >> in the '70s and into the '80s they were responsible for the death or injury of over #t900 people in over 20 countries. the ano was as feared as isis is today.
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starting in the '60s, going all the way up until the mid '80s the u.s. government didn't know how to approach this problem. >> all of our attention was placed toward soviet espionage. very little resources were devoted to this nebulous terrorist threat starting to appear. even within the fbi the terrorism section was kind of a small group within the criminal investigative division. it had nothing to do with intelligence, nothing to do with security. >> that cia in the early days of the reagan administration there was a position called the national intelligence officer for counterterrorism. one man. but he was not in a position to get any intelligence from anybody about where the next attack is going to occur. it was all on the defensive side. >> terrorism was going virtually
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unchecked. >> in those days there was never a heads up. now we have the national security agency out vacuuming the sky and they are able to tell you, gee, we think something is happening. in 1985, this was a bolt out of the sky literally. >> i was 24 and this was the first flight of my life. we bought the ticket in athens and it was supposed to be a night flight of two hours from athens to cairo. for me it was a big thing to fly and to travel. i've never been abroad before. my plans were to fly from athens to cairo and the next morning to vancouver. i was a little nervous. i was more excited. i had plans.
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i wanted to see the world. >> what was your traveling companion's name? >> we were sitting in our seats and then after a few minutes somebody stood up in the front of the airplane and he had a grenade in one hand and pistol in another and was shouting in arabic. i was thinking this is a drill of the egyptian security. and i told myself, wow. tomorrow i will call my parents and i will tell them what a strange fill strange flight we had. after a while i realized it's not a dream. it's real. and it was very, very scary. >> the lead hijacker was salim, the number two and the number three, the three hijackers were members of the terrorist
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organization. their mission to hijack an aircraft, take passengers hostage, and exchange the hostages for the release of members of their group in egypt. >> all the passengers are made to move to the back of the aircraft and one by one they are asked to come forward to turn over their passports to salim shakur. >> each gave his passport. the hijacker went like this like he was very happy she came. by goil he had three americans and two israelis. he knew how valuable americans and israelis were as bargaining chips. i mean, he had hit the jackpot. >> as he requested the passport of one passenger, the passenger was actually an undercover egyptian sky marshal. drew out his weapon and shot the leader of the hijack mission, killing him. >> obviously gets the attention of the other two.
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he comes out of the cockpit and they both start firing at the sky marshal. so we have cross fire going down the aisle of an aircraft. in a plane of that size at 30,000 feet that is not a good thing. lights go out. oxygen masks drop. >> the plane was very quiet. i think everybody was in shock. i was so afraid. i was so worried just terrified like i've never been before in my life and i hope i'll never be. i am not a religious person. i never really believed. but this situation, you don't say, mom, save me. you don't say, dad, save me. you say, god, please save me.
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at some point, a round pierces the skin of the aircraft. >> the pilot knows he's got to land that aircraft immediately. >> out over the horizon, he sees the island of malta. that's the best place for him to land at that point. because he is losing a lot of fuel. >> just felt it was very, very scary and dangerous. >> the hijackers had originally wanted the aircraft to go to libya. >> at the time, libya was a state-sponsor of terrorism. >> but the pilot told the hijacker that the aircraft could not make it to libya. they would either have to ditch in the sea or land in malta. >> i was so afraid. i was so worried. but i had my walkman, and i was listening to a famous israeli singer. the song says "to whom who doesn't believe, it is hard this year." this was the part of the hope in my mind. i have to believe it would be okay. i have to believe it went like this. ♪
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one part was saying, it's terrible, what's happening here. you might die. you'll never get to where you want. it's terrible. people are being killed here and there has been shooting. the other said, okay, you have to believe. because maybe it will be okay. >> i was the chief of station in the mediterranean area. i was in malta at the time. i received a phone call that told me that there was a hijacked airliner coming in from cairo. egyptair flight. so i sped immediately to the airport. specifically to the control tower. i was there with the american ambassador to malta. i was kept in an area down on the ground floor, whereas the ambassadors were up on the top floor of the control tower.
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i was the only female station chief in the european and mediterranean area. this was my first assignment as a chief of station. but there was nothing in the training program on how you deal with an ongoing, live situation, where you have american lives at risk. >> once they landed on the island of malta, rezaq is more or less in charge. chakore has been killed by the egyptian sky marshall. >> he was the only one who spoke to the pilot, and he was the only one, i believe, who ever took control of the microphone inside that aircraft. >> rezaq then, surprisingly, released some flight attendants who had been wounded, and some filipino passengers. >> they were letting them out safely? >> yup. this went very well with the
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song i had in my mind. i have to believe. i have to believe. >> then rezaq asked for fuel. no fuel was brought. he said, if you don't bring fuel, i will kill a passenger every 15 minutes. >> my concern was that the maltese would refuel the plane. so strong representations were made to the malta government not to refuel the plane, not to allow the plane to leave. >> they let out a group of, i don't know, between 10 to 20. then they said, one israeli, come to the front. exactly like they said about the others. since nitzan was sitting more close to the aisle, i said to her, go. i was sure they were going to release us. she said, i can't. i have a headache and a stomachache. you go. i said, okay. they called us. somebody has to go. i went out. and i stood on the platform. there was a hijacker standing in front of me with a mask on his face.
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he started raising up his hand with a pistol. it was a matter of a second or something. it was like, he's not going to release me. he's going to shoot me. (paul) wireless network claims are so confusing. america's most reliable network. the nation's largest and most reliable network. the best network is even better? best, fastest, best. enough. sprint's doing things differently. they're offering a new 100% total satisfaction guarantee. i mean i think sprint's network and savings are great, but don't just take my word for it. try it out and decide for yourself. switch to sprint and get both an unlimited plan and one of the newest phones included for just $35 a month. for people with hearing loss, visit sprintrelay.com.
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and then he started raising up his hand with a pistol. it was like, he's not going to release me. he's going to shoot me. i turned around toward the stairs with my back to him. he shot. the bullet came in here, behind my ear, went through my ear and landed here. stayed here under the skin. it was like a big hit, and i fall down on the platform. i stayed there. and the hijacker closed the door and went in. and i laid there for a few minutes. then i realized, i'm not dead. i said to myself, i'm not staying here. so i went down by the stairs. >> she had no clue where she was, so rather than run off, she simply sat at the bottom step. >> then the hijacker saw me from upstairs. he went down and shot me like this. and this bullet came in the back
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and lodged in the pelvis. i laid down on the tarmac, under the airplane, pretending dead. >> in the control tower, i found a bathroom. i noticed that there was a window. i could actually make out the outline of the plane. when tamar artzi was shot, you could hear the gunshot, see a flash from the actual weapon. i think we all realized that these hijackers were absolutely deadly serious. >> the hijacker is preparing for another execution in ten minutes. >> time goes by. he takes another passport. nitzan mendelson, come forward. nitzan, who had seen what occurred, was screaming
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hysterical. >> rezaq picked her up, pulled her by the hair, shot her and she fell. >> tamar artzi saw her friend laying there. >> her body was moving. i thought she was as injured as me. i didn't think she was injured so badly. and i kept telling myself, go away from here. it is dangerous from here. but where should i go? >> at the same time, the three americans are seated in the front row. their hands are tied behind their backs with neckties. rogenkamp, baker and pflug. >> in time, patrick baker, come forward. patrick was the first american. tall, 6'5". patrick was thinking, there must be something i can do. perhaps i can kick him or
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assault him. >> he locks eyes with rezaq as he's walking forward, staring right at him. rezaq must have sensed something because he backs away. patrick makes the decision at that point. maybe i can jump out the door and run before he shoots. so he turns to go out the door of the aircraft. at that precise moment, rezaq comes up behind him and fires a round at his head. the bullet literally skimmed the back of patrick's head. he's laying at the top of those steps. rezaq closes the door. patrick gets up, runs down the steps and runs off and finds the maltese police. >> okay. now the passengers are being killed one by one. he'll continue to shoot a passenger every half an hour. i think you're making a ridiculous act. you could have saved the lives of these passengers if you had given us fuel.
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>> time goes by. scarlett rogenkamp, come forward. she stood up, hands tied behind her back, walked forward. >> he had her kind of kneel down in front of him at the open door of this aircraft. he shot her, point-blank. >> you know, you think things are unspeakable. this is unspeakable. >> i could tell that that body was lifeless when it struck the tarmac. as you live through an incident like this, you sort of lose sense of time. you're caught in this sort of horrendous nightmare. it doesn't seem to have any end to it. >> a certain point, i woke up and i saw it's dark. i said to myself, it's going to be light soon. i have to run away now. i took out my hand and tried to pull nitzan with me.
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of course, she was too heavy for me to carry her. and i decided i can't and i'm going. there was two cars standing there. i was so cold. i said, i'm getting into the cars to get warm. when i got close to them, the doors were open. somebody came out. they were police. they put me to the ambulance. i'm laying down, and they covered me. i keep thinking, unbelievable. the song that went on in my head was the one thing that kept telling me, keep hoping. don't lose hope. you know, that's what saved me. >> there's no more shooting during the night. so a maltese van with two police officers pick up the bodies of mendelson and rogenkamp. at some point the next day, rezaq comes out of the cockpit.
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jackie pflug is called forward. >> jackie is brought to the front of the aircraft. the gun is placed to her head and she is shot. she tumbles down. she tumbled down the stairs and lay on the tarmac for hours. >> i can't even begin to imagine what that feels like. it made me mad, what he did to those people. >> eventually, a maltese truck approached the aircraft to collect the body of jackie pflug. and found out she was alive. >> the american ambassador made
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the offer to dispatch a group that had been formed a few years before called the delta force. and the offer was politely rebuffed. it's an egyptian aircraft. the egyptian government belonged with the maltese. they are the two responsible government parties in this case. it's not the united states. then i was notified by the ambassador that the egyptian offer of sending in their hostage rescue force had been accepted by the maltese. that, to me, signalled that at least this thing was going to come to an end one way or the other. so the egyptian team landed. and i watched the plane get off loaded. you could see all the equipment they brought with them. i noticed a few wooden boxes of explosives. i thought, boy, that seems like an awful lot. i knew the explosive was very,
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very powerful stuff. >> the egyptian commandos come up with their game plan. they send a small force to assault the front door. and they send a small force to the back of the aircraft, where they place some explosives on the cargo hold. they're trying to create a diversion at the back of the aircraft. unfortunately, they seem to have miscalculated the amount of explosives necessary. they used too much. >> it was detonated. and sent a fire ball blowing through the interior of the aircraft, burning people. incinerating the hijacker who was in the rear of the aircraft. >> it shook the windows of the control tower. it was extremely powerful. and the plane was totally sealed up. >> fire and smoke is billowing down through that aircraft toward the cockpit.
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>> when all the passengers were trying to get out, as they were exiting the aircraft, a lot of them were actually being shot by the egyptian commando teams. it was a chaotic situation. >> rezaq starts to run off into the darkness. he is shot through the chest by commandos. >> once this scene has been secured, the extent of the damage and death becomes apparent. >> at least eight passengers were killed by gunfire. the other 51 were killed by the fire and the smoke. >> the families, the children who were killed, they're egyptian. they're palestinian. lebanese. it makes no sense. >> it was a catastrophe. plain and simple. there's a five cent refund for this bottle in iowa and maine.
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so under cover of dusk, the commanders went in. in the confined area, the effects were devastating. >> rezaq starts to run off into the darkness. he is shot through the chest by commandos. >> in the chaotic situation that ensued, rezaq was taken to the hospital. >> and he's laying in intensive care. you have other passengers being brought in. they're pointing at him to the maltese.
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hey, that was the guy who was shooting everybody on the aircraft. >> the maltese authorities isolate him from the rest of the victims and take him into custody. >> i knew he was there, laying one room near nitzan mendelson. she passed away after a week. he recovered. there was no justice. >> i had to go down to the basement of the hospital and make the official identification of scarlett rogenkamp. i saw it, in a way, as almost my patriotic duty. i had been given her passport, which had been located in the cockpit of the plane. how else are you going to make an identification? i was staring at the birth date and looking at the state where she was born. i thought to myself, that could be me. easily.
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and i kind of made the decision, i think, at that point, that i was going to devote the rest of my career to the field of counterterrorism, even though it was not considered career enhancing to do that. >> the days after that, i kept feeling very afraid. i was sad. i was feeling a little guilty because i was saved and my friend not. when i came back after that, somebody told me, this is the most significant thing that ever happened to you. and i resent that. i existed before this happened. i'm tamar, like i was before. i've changed in some things, but i don't want to be defined by that. i've met evil. it took my innocence. i'm not as naive and innocent as i was before. but it's not that only this is me. it's not only this.
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>> in 1986, the maltese prosecuted rezaq. because americans were on board that aircraft, malta accepted the assistance of fbi forensic support. >> at trial, we learned about rezaq and his background. we know that he is palestinian by birth. that he grew up in refugee camps. >> he had been educated as a small child about what had happened to the palestinians in losing their homeland and what the israelis had done to them. that was the only thing he really knew. >> rezaq pled guilty to hostage taking, murder and attempted murder. he was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment. the maximum under maltese law. as a response to the terrorism in the 1980s, the u.s. government passed a series of
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laws giving the fbi jurisdiction to conduct investigations overseas for hostage taking, for the attempted killing of americans and prosecute it in the united states. so in august of 1992, my supervisor came by and dropped a big, dusty box and said, try to make something of this. and it was investigation of the hijacking of egyptair flight 648. this case was given to me as a matter of routine. we review all these cases to see if there might be some prosecutive potential in case the defendant is set free somewhere. the bureau wanted a contingency. can we prosecute him in the u.s. if he was released? >> bob was the case agent. i was the co-case agent on the investigation into rezaq. >> the horror of this case, the
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photographs, the autopsy reports, the tragedy of it, is very, very dark and weighs upon you. and the way kevin and i got around this is we'd say, let's go run. and we'd run the monuments of washington and talk about our families, talk about sports, talk about anything. this way, not only did we address those concerns, but we became great friends. >> bob and i get word back at washington field office that it appears that rezaq is going to be set free. bob clifford did something i have never seen before and have never seen since then. >> i went to meet with deborah robinson, the federal magistrate in washington, and discussed with her the rezaq case and an arrest warrant for air piracy. there were three aspects to that warrant. number one, takes an aircraft by force or intimidation, which he did.
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number two the aircraft is outside the special aircraft jurisdiction of the united states, foreign area. it was. number three, that individual then finds himself on u.s. territory. i told deborah robinson, your honor, i anticipate in the future rezaq will find himself in the united states. really, agent clifford? yes, ma'am. well, i'm going to authorize you then this anticipatory arrest warrant. >> so even though we didn't know 100% that he was going to be let out early, we decided to err on the side of caution. 1993, myself and a prosecutor from the u.s. attorney's office traveled to malta to meet with the deputy prime minister of malta to discuss this case. >> the maltese said, this is all well and good, but we're not going to release rezaq any time soon.
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>> so we left malta with that thought, that he wasn't going to be released any time soon. less than 36 hours later, i get the phone call from malta that rezaq has been released from prison and he is on his way to the airport. >> it would be an outrage to the victims whose children burned to death. >> how did you --? >> i was enraged. >> 25 years was not enough. the fact that he's been released after seven years is outrageous. >> we find out from the ambassador that he is on his way to the airport to be put on a russian aircraft. >> his flight takes him from malta to ghana to nigeria, ethiopia, to the sedan. >> and we knew that had he made it to the sudan, he likely would have disappeared and we would
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never have found him after that. >> you become focused and say, i'm going to will this to be successful. i'm going to make sure that everything that can be done is done to capture rezaq and bring him to justice. (in dutch) tell him we need this merger. (in dutch) it's happening..! just ok is not ok. especially when it comes to your network. at&t is america's best wireless network according to america's biggest test. now with 5g evolution. the first step to 5g. more for your thing. that's our thing. they give us excellent customer otservice, every time.e. our 18 year old was in an accident.
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malta told the united states, told kevin, we are not going to release rezaq any time soon. >> so we left malta with that thought. less than 36 hours later, i get the phone call that rezaq has just been let go. that he's been released from prison and he is on his way to the airport. >> his flight takes him from malta to ghana to nigeria, ethiopia to the sedan. but when rezaq arrived in ghana, the authorities took him into custody. >> so we go to the officials and say, take him off the aircraft and give him to us. we were told, yes, we will. >> i immediately assembled a team and we deploy to a pre-staging base to try to effect the arrest of rezaq in
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began abe. in ghana. >> this is a rendition. u.s. law enforcement officials who travel to another area to obtain a person wanted for a crime back here in the united states, to face justice for that crime here in an american court. >> on july the 13th, ghana contacts the state department and says, we're not going to turn rezaq over to you. we're going to release him and allow him to continue on his scheduled flight. if you want him, you have 48 hours to mount an operation. when we were notified that rezaq's next stop was nigeria, we knew that was our only chance to intercept him. once he got on that plane, he was gone. i had tried to anticipate what possible ways could we identify rezaq with? number one, self-admission. number two, facial recognition.
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number three, scars and marks. but the only thing for sure, the only thing that would give us 100% certainty were his fingerprints. >> because we weren't going to have the luxury of sending his prints back to the united states before we took off with him, it was extremely critical that bob classify his fingerprints once we got him on board. >> we only had one opportunity. one chance to do this. and so i would take this old set of fingerprints, and i would study them every night. i memorized the whirls, the ridges. every aspect of his fingerprints. i knew i had to be 100% certain it was him. and i had to do it fast. now, what's important is in early july, the dictator of nigeria, called for elections.
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his opponent won. out of anger he had his opponent imprisoned. because of this, there was riots in the streets and the outcry by the opposition. even pockets of street fighting going on. the nigerian government and the general personally were condemned on the floor of the u.s. congress for this affront to democracy. if you can imagine, a few days later, after being condemned, the state department calls and says, general, by the way, we have a favor to ask you. will you allow us to mount an operation? surprisingly, he agreed to it. so we deployed. hours before we left on july the 15th, we heard reports of street fighting, of civil unrest in lagos.
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i remember looking down and you could see streams of smoke coming from various parts of the city. we land and were taxied to an area off the main airport. suddenly, the pilot yells out, we're being surrounded by armed troops. >> i immediately yelled out, which way are their weapons pointing? the pilot said, well, they're pointing them outwards. we as a group decided, that's a good thing. they're not pointing them at us, so that's good. our door comes open. some nigerian officials come on our plane, along with some folks from the u.s. embassy. >> he says, in a few hours, rezaq's plane will arrive. i will have a team escort him as soon as he gets on the tarmac we'll handcuff him and walk him right over to your plane. >> it was silence on our aircraft. nobody was speaking to anybody else. we were just waiting with anticipation for word of anything.
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it was nerve-racking to me. >> suddenly, i heard one of the agents up in front of the aircraft say, "here they come!" the door opens up, and i see two nigerian officers literally thrust this individual into our plane. >> did you know right away it was him? >> no, no u.s. official had seen rezaq in seven years. this is the only photograph we had of omar mohammed ali rezaq. >> he was older. his hair was longer. >> they then bring him back to me. and i say, we're from the government of the united states of america. we're agents of the federal bureau of investigation. we're taking you to the united states. what is your name? at this, he reported, omar muhammad ali. and the arabic translator said is there another name, something
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more? and he replies rezaq. at this point, i immediately fingerprint his left and then right hands. the prints matched. and so by self-admission, by facial recognition, by seeing the bullet wound in his chest that i knew he had been shot and by his fingerprints, i said, it's a match. go. and the aircraft took off. (paul) wireless network claims are so confusing. america's most reliable network. the nation's largest and most reliable network. the best network is even better? best, fastest, best. enough. sprint's doing things differently. they're offering a new 100% total satisfaction guarantee.
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by self-admission, facial recognition, the bullet wound in his chest, and his fingerprints, i said, it's a match. go. and the aircraft took off. >> all during the flight back from the rendition, i sat, i stared at him. i wanted to see the person who caused all this suffering to all these innocent people around the world. and what i saw from his eyes very blank. very blank stare. we did not question him at all during that trip.
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so we read him no miranda rights. but we kept him cuffed and secured to his seat throughout the entire trip. >> the minute we crossed into u.s. air space, we let the attorneys in washington know, they convened a grand jury and rezaq was indicted. at 7:12 in the morning on july the 16th, 1993, i signed the arrest warrant for omar rezaq for air piracy. and when we landed in washington, i was able to get on the phone and call the father of scarlet rogenkamp. i said, sir, it's about your daughter. we've captured her killer. >> and he broke down crying. that is what it means to be an fbi agent. >> we landed at dulles airport. a car came out to our aircraft. we brought rezaq off the aircraft. he was placed in the back seat of that car, and they drove
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immediately to the nearest magistrate available. >> and as we crossed the theodore roosevelt bridge and as we drove by the lincoln memorial, i'm looking at rezaq. and he's just staring straight. he doesn't want to look at me, but he sees the lincoln memorial and he just kind of turns his eyes. and then i knew that he realized he will never go home again. when that trial started in june of 1996, we had compiled the strongest possible case we could. >> what was the trial like? >> it was hard. it was very hard to testify. i felt like, you know, sometimes they say about somebody that went through a rape that when she goes to the police or to trial, she feels like they might
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rape her again. it was hard. >> what was it like seeing rezaq in court? >> that's where my aggressive feelings came out, and i wanted to spit on him. i feel like i am still a little bit in jail of my fears, my thoughts, and i feel as long as i'm in jail, which in this kind of jail which probably would last forever, he can sit in jail also. that's what i thought and that's what i think today. >> on july 19th, of 1996, omar rezaq was sentenced to life in prison for his role in this hijacking. >> once you leave a case as an intelligence officer, you leave a case. and i was not aware of the trial, but one day i received a classified email that said, we
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thought that you should know that mohammed omar rezaq was sentenced to life in prison today. >> someone who conducts such horrific attacks you know, brutalizes so many people with complete disregard for any sense of humanity, any sense of reason, there is no adequate justice that can be measured. but under our system of law, under what we can do, we will do. and we did. >> many times people say, i was almost there. for me, it was not almost. i was there. i was there, and i was really suffering the attack. it's a question whether to thank god or to be angry about him for saving me. you know, it's like did i or
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didn't i have luck. because probably if i wouldn't be on this flight, my life would look very, very different. >> if you could take it all back, would you? >> absolutely. if i could, if i could not go through this, i would. we are living in a cyber age and it's the new theater of operations for the military and really for all of us. the future is now. i mean, what's happened is over the course of time, hardware has given over to software. military functions are being performed by software that used to be performed by people. if an adversary wanted to harm the u.s., the use of stolen u.s. software could be helpful in doing that. many of us don't
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