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tv   Declassified  CNN  October 20, 2019 8:00pm-9:00pm PDT

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thank you. >> do you want to see them? >> not really. i'm positive i do not want to see that. [ laughter [ laughter [ laughter ] this was the same kind of genocide we seen in world war i ii. what could motivate that kind of hatred? >> we had to show the world that we weren't going to allow these responsible to get away with
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killing innocent people. >> this is a story about how the united states captured one of the most notorious world criminals the world has ever seen. >> because there cannot be peace without justice. >> as a former fbi agent and chairman of the house intelligence committee, i had oversight of all 16 of our nation's intelligence agencies. my name is mike rogers. i had access to classified information gathered by our operatives. people who risked everything for the united states and our families. you don't know their faces or their names. you don't know the real stories from the people who lived the fear and the pressure until now. >> soviet president has been removed from power. >> when the soviet union felt it was the end of the cold war and nations in eastern europe were
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released from constraints of working with the soviet union. >> we saw countries establish independence and they impacted on you can slov ya. >> decided we'll take back territory that was ours thousands of years ago and redefine the lines between bosnia, serbia but what happens is everyone starts seeing the lines drawn differently. >> you had the muslims, you had the serbs which were orthodox. years and years of cultural divides and penalty up anger were unleashing. >> and the serb dictator talked about serb ethnic pride for years which deepened the
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divisions. >> it was a concern that because the muslims were the majority in bosnia, there would be a muslim nation in the middle of what was formal formally uk slov ya. >> the bosnia government claimed the majority voted for independence. >> when bosnia claimed ind independence in 1992, the bosnia muslims weren't trained or equipped and the serbs had the weapons and the serbs who struck. >> the united states did not get involved because this is a civil war happening in bosnia. at the time, the united states felt that the europeans ought to play a role. why does the united states have to deal with this?
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>> the brains and commander on the ground was general, the leader of the serb forces. >> he was known as a hard-fisted commander. >> his number two was general cristick. >> the core of serbian forces. it is people with weapons forcs and artillery and tanks so they had command over a very large organization that could do a lot of damage. >> cristick and his men and general, their golfs the annihilation of the muslims in bosn bosnia. >> this was ethnic cleansing.
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pure and simple. they basically took overcome muntimun over communities and starved the men and raped the women. >> muslims didn't have anyone to protect them so the serbia people would drive them, round them up and push them in a ditch. >> in one camp they practiced a game every night and the idea was to call the bosnia muslim prisoners out and tell them to turn their back and the serb guard would see if he could chop them in half with an ax. >> they were completely dehumanized by another human being. you go how does this happen? >> the fighting in bosnia was
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severe on a number of fronts today. the united nations and nato are watching for now. >> people here are beginning to wonder whether anybody out there really cares anymore. >> and early on we saw this incredible catastrophe taking place, but the united states was trying to figure out how they should define their role as the single super power. >> in the early days, the clinton administration, we were still in the process of what is the national strategy because we won the cold war but we lost our adversary and when we lost our adversary, we lost our strategy. and so we were rutterless, we had the forces but what were we supposed to do with those forces? >> am i supposed to get involved in every one of these flare-ups, a determination back in the early '90s is that's not our issue. >> the united states is not the world's policeman. we cannot enter poinner pose to
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every armed conflict in the world. >> the united states set back with a human tragedy but i have no threat that's facing me if i don't solve this problem. by 1995, there had been three or four years of intensifying slaughter that was taking place in the balkins so the kes nated sa -- designated safe zones were created to take family members that might have been targets for ethnic cleansing to move into a safe zone. >> one of the safe zones was isolated east of syria. >> it was a location with bosnia and muslims could feel protected. there was a motivation to go there to be with each other.
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>> several hundred are arriving each day. they arrive tired and hungry looking for food. >> it was a small village that grew to 60,000 and the united nations was there to enforce the safe zone but they were not equipped. they didn't have the capabilities to do that because the united nations had no charter to engage mill titary. >> the serbs decided they would further clamp down to win this by going after the safe zones. >> the serbs took clear advantage of the increased population and the serbs just took over. >> they told the human peace keepers, you're hopelessly out numbered. give up and so the u.n. peace keepers who weren't really equipped to fight a war said okay, i mean, i guess we're giving up. >> they separated women and
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children and moved them aside, and they went about a systematic slaughter of the males. and malatic put cristic in charge of the lensing and cristick was up for the task. cristick directed scommanders, kill them, kill them all. [speaking foreign language]. >> kristic and his men used basic ways of committing these murders, shooting them, clubbing them, knifing them. >> you got these military men that are slaughtering and cleansing a population of non-combatants. these are family members. they are not fighting.
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[ gunshots ]. >> over the course of several days, thousands of individuals had been slaughtered and shoved into mass graves. as the world watched and as the united nations stood by. >> this was mass genocide that we have not seen since world war ii. >> what could motivate that kind of hatred? that was the question that seized western leaders. >> the turning point, suddenly the world was focused in on the tragedy of the balkins. >> when somebody like kristic is issuing an order that says kill them, kill them all, not a single one must be left alive. society has a responsibility to make sure that this person pays a price. the new $3 little john from jimmy john's
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the bosnia war had been horrible for years. suddenly the world paid attention. >> the men that were killed were unarmed, not military, mostly farmers and muslim killed systematically by general kristic and his core. >> malatic and kristic applied the same standard hitler did in world war ii and we could not stand by and allow them to get
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away with it. >> it was so horrendous that the united states said we can't allow this anymore. this was the clinton administration saying we've been in office two and a half years, it's horrible and continuing, no more. >> president clinton made the decision i am not going to be president of the united states and stand by and allow that to happen, and it was at that point as chief of staff where i realized if the united states doesn't lead this effort, it's not going to happen. >> it was suspected they would be indicted because they did criminal things but president clinton understood before we could bring them to justice, what you really need to do is get a peace plan and stop the killing so they put together a peace point plan that said there will be a 49, 51 division of territory the u.s. will contribute 25,000 troops, nato not the u.n. will head the
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occupation force. if the serbs strike again, we'll bomb the serbs. >> richard had to actually go and sit down with all of those involved to try to make sure that they would be willing to do this and it wasn't easy and then you've got wes clark working to make sure we can get these individuals to come to the table. >> meanwhile, the serbs had taken the occasion of a market day to fire a mortar shell and kill 32 people. and so this was the trigger point that nato needed to start the bombing. >> so while we're conducting combat operations, we're sitting down with the enemy leadership to determine what the end state is going to look like. >> ambassador hullbrook and i went to see the sereb president.
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>> he says, general clark, you must stop this bombing. this is very bad for peace. i said well, i think it's good for peace. because this is what's going to happen when we don't have peace, it's why we need to move forward with these negotiations because otherwise there is no incentive for people to negotiate peace if they aren't afraid that something bad may happen and that's why ultimately it brought him to the table. >> we got the serbs to pull back the heavy weapons and then nato stopped the bombing and then we continued the negotiations on the peace plan. we talked to the bosnia president and go to the serbs and back and forth around the circle. >> all the real issues are finally being negotiated for the first time in 16 months. >> and then halater we met in dayton in 1995. >> encouraged by american
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mediators, they then shook hands hoping to bury their differences as they have their dead. >> and after three weeks of negotiations, we signed the date in the courts and it was formalized in paris in december of 1995. and i was promoted to my fourth star and went to the u.s. southern command in panama and after a year, i became the nato surprise commander. >> i am firmly of the opinion the reason that the dayton accords worked is because everybody had already done enough killing. there was so much slaughter that took place. everybody got tired and i said okay, we'll sign up. i'm kind of worn out, man. >> so after the date, the papers are signed and nato puts in the implantation force which was contingent of several countries, one of them being the united states. our job with nato was to make
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sure that the peace accords were kept in check because the frustration and the friction between the factions was still there. >> there was a tremendous sense of injustice on the part of the bosnia muslims. they were forced from their homes. their property confiscated. 150, maybe 200,000 people have been murdered. 8,000 men. there were aggrieved families and here we were forcing them to make an accommodation with the murders. >> i mean, i would be in the market one day listening to a bosnia woman complain about the man across the street because he raped her three daughters and he's now selling vegetables at another stand and she wants to know why we don't do anything about it. >> bear in mind what happened,
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the dayton accords stopped the warring elements. it did not include people who were war criminals to take off your uniform, give yourself up, you need to be arrested. none of that took place. >> you had a guy like general kristic that atrocities wiped the slate clean and he's a credible commanding general that committed genocide. so the muslims kept asking themselves where is the justice? >> what we recognized and what they were insiassistant on was couldn't have peace without justice. and so the justice meant identifying the perpetrators of the war crimes so they could be turned over to the criminal tribun tribunal. it's a location of a lot of international justice agencies associated with the united nations. >> the icty, the international
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criminal tribunal for the for r yugoslavia. >> these war criminals like kristic put in charge of the cleansing needed to be captured and needed to go and be brought to justice. the new $3 little john from jimmy john's is just like our original sandwiches...only littler...so we bought a little ad...on lil jon. little johns, yeah! $3, what?! ...depend® silhouette™ briefs feature maximum absorbency, with trusted protection for all out confidence... beautiful colors and an improved fit for a sleek design and personal style. life's better when you're in it. be there with depend®. you wanna see something thatamazing?ing. go to hilton instead of a travel site and you'll experience a whole new range of emotions like... the relaxing feeling of knowing you're getting the best price.
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the icty was formed at the hague by the united nations to decide who would be indicted for the war crimes committed during the bosnia war. >> they review cases that are not specific to one country. the concern being a local court might allow this criminality to be accepted. >> the international criminal tribunal was set up with the best concepts of law to produce an indictment, it had to collect evidence and prove the existence of a crime and the u.n. investigators had to go find witnesses. at the beginning of 1996, the indictments begin to come out, the u.s. began to hear about it, but the decision was don't get involved. let the u.n. deal with it.
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we're hear to enforce the date and peace accords, nothing more and so these persons who were indicted for war crimes were betting that the international community would never have the skill to capture them and for the first year and a half, they were lulled into that because in fact, the international community didn't have the skill. but when prime minister tony blair was elected, he went to president clinton and said i don't think we can live with this peace agreement without justice. >> at that point, the president basically made the decision we're going to do everything possible to go after those charges. >> the unit of choice for the united states to go after these very specific individuals was joint special operations commander. >> command authority decided that the unit would be the best organization to execute these manhunt operations for nato. >> why? >> number one, we're the highest tier one force in the u.s. two, we know how to blend in the
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civilian places so we can conduct tactical level recognizance surveillance and this mission was a capture mission, not a kill mission. there is not many units that when you go out; your number one goal is just to capture, and so our ability to execute a complex operation without firing a bullet was critical. >> you wanted to get in and out quickly without any casualties or any conflict. >> because you want to try to avoid to reignite these hatreds that let's be frank, exist anyway. you don't want this thing spinning out of control. >> there was already political opposition in the united states of this mission. there were many in the congress asking what are we doing over there? how many soldiers will lose in this mission to capture these people and so we promised to congress we would be successful and we knew we would be held to account. >> so it's critical for the unit is we're able to get national level intelligence, which comes from dia, nsa, cia, it gives us
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a starting point on all these so-called war criminals. >> we call them persons indicted for war crimes. abbreviated pifwc, which of course, the troops immediately begin to say pifwics. >> the number one cia guy in bosnia was routinely digging up great intelligence, running sources very specifically against certain pifwics so the cia in concert with forces in the ground would then build the intelligence picture. >> my role was as a task force commander to command the recognizance and surveillance forces that looked for and identified these war criminals. our job was to blend in with the environment and we lived out in the communities and start setting up a pattern of life on all these war criminals.
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so when you establish a pattern of life, it's just what it sounds like. where does this person start their day? do they go to work? happens at the end of the day. do they go to a home? do they go to a bar? do they have friends, family? we're doing on the unit is developing a plan how do we take that lifestyle to help us figure out where do we conduct a capture mission when we're ready to execute the operation? >> all of these pieces were absolutely essential to rendering justice. >> troops now demand the man that called himself the serb adolph here after spotting him on the streets. the operation the first to be led by american troops went off without a hitch. >> the first person indicted for war crimes that the united states captured was an early 1998 -- >> he is charged with commanding a prison camp during the war and is accused of dozens of murders. >> he was not at the same level as kristic but that began the
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process of how these war criminals would be indicted and how those special operations teams would go about precisely grabbing one of those people and getting it back into the hague for justice. >> guilty of murdering hassan, guilty of murdering the brothers -- >> the thing that was frustrating at the outset is the united states british and other forces captured minor persons and then people would say what's the matter with nato that you can only get little fish, the small fry. what about the big ones behind all this? >> so when kristic's indictment was brought down to the stabilization forces, the end of october 1998, there it was a little high five moment. we wanted to get kristic for several reasons primarily. he was directly involved in this murderous rampage that had taken
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place. and so everybody was very enthusiastic about opening the door to go get this guy. >> if we wanted to see justice done, the account of this mission was off the charts. we had to capture kristic. ♪ - [woman] with my shark, i deep clean messes like this, this, and even this. but i don't have to clean this, because the self-cleaning brush roll removes hair while i clean. - [announcer] shark, the vacuum that deep cleans
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when the indictment came down for kristic, we captured a hand full of war criminals but this was the most senior and frankly at the time, we knew the most significant. >> if we wanted to see justice done, the capture of kristic was critical. >> he was wanted for genocide. he was the big target, the big symbol. it was the proof that the international criminal tribunal could go after the most significant war crime. >> when you understood exactly what he had done, the numbers slaukt slaughtered under his command, you go really? he's horrible. the guy say -- is a monster. >> the most important thing is don't make mistakes.
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do the operation, do it successfully, do it quietly, get in, get out. >> there couldn't be any shots fired. there couldn't be any reaction for the serbs that got involved in this because one thing we didn't want to do is reignite the war on the peninsula and so it had to be a secret operation capture mission. >> we had a president of the united states say we are going to bring our full resources to bear, to make sure that this individual is brought to trial. and so the mission was defined, you need to capture kristic. how it would take place was up to the operators. >> we got the mission like flip the switch, here we go. we get focused, we don't sleep. we study, we research. it's like doing brain surgery. >> we refine the intelligence picture. we have on the shelf what we know about kristic and add
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intelligence. that's in a very short amount of time. >> at that same time, another assault force from our unit, we call the aztec force at fort bragg and that's the force that's on the three of hour window to deploy anywhere in the world was deployed to execute the capture mission because we did not want to burn our operators who were living in bosnia and while they are flying, they have a realtime operation center in the aircraft that were feeding them information so we're doing this immediate planning. once the force got on the ground, then we pick a place called the x. where do we get the x to capture kristic? >> kristic was a good example of having a lot of people around him to protect him and if he did not move into an area where we had both forces and capabilities to go after him, this wasn't going to happen. >> we knew kristic would move
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between serbia and the republic that was territory inside the country of bosnia given to the serbs in the dayton. >> within the republican, we knew kristic would go from one location to another location during the day. he was in a vehicle and he had a driver. just those two guys, single vehicle, not a convey, no protection. so we knew that we would need special operations forces to stop a vehicle, probably going 75 miles an hour, not kill everybody inside, capture kristic, stick him in a helicopter and take him back. the special operators are incredibly gifted, creative folks who understood the mission set. had been given a task, determined how that vehicle was going to slow down in a very short distance. >> how did they do that? >> well, i can't tell you how they did that. i'm just not at liberty to talk about it but special operators
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were going to have this incredible mechanism to execute the capture. >> but before the mission could be executed, you got to figure out what are your no-go criteria. when would you not do this mission and let it go by to risk compromise and failure? once i ask the tough, dirty questions i could ask, i approved the mission. i had confidence in the special forces operators to do it. >> the capture force left their containment area on december 2 d 2nd, 1998. they moved into what we call the v.i. and set up in the ditch hiding in the woods by the side of the road. >> how many men were on the capture force? >> i'd rather not discuss that. at the same time our cia counter parts and the recognizance surveillance teams were following general kristic from serbia into the republic. their job was to establish
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positive identification or pid and then follow kristic to make sure he got onto the correct road into our capture zone. >> we had to be able to ensure that his movement met that routine that had been established and the special operators did all that. they ensured he was channelized to that road that he didn't have options to get off. >> along the road, we set up construction stops and turned over pipes so he couldn't turn off and not come into the vehicle zone. >> he bombed right through that and didn't blink an eye but there are some things you simply can't control. >> we had several abort criteria that one, come from us and two from higher command at nato. one of the things nato did not want is anyone in vehicle zone there to see the operation. unfortunately, there was abort criteria that happened while we were waiting for kristic to
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enter. road workers stopped in our zone and started picking up litter along the road. right above where part of our capture force was laying down in a ditch camouflaged hiding at that same time, a guy pulled up with a small barbecue and starts barbecuing meat for the workers to come have lunch and the barbecue guy was closer to the forces, literally almost right on top of them. >> but these are measured guys that know what they are trying to achieve and not bashful about saying go, nor were they bashful about saying no go. >> at that time he was 30 to 45 minutes a i way and we're waiting to see if the barbecue guy and the workers would clear out but i was starting to think we'd have to abort this mission. ? with the sleep number 360 smart bed you can both...
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kristic and his driver are coming closer and closer to the zone x and our surveillance team is following him. >> he's moving with complete confidence he's going to make it from where he's going to where
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he needs to be because in his mind, he's immune to these charges. he's a senior leader so he's not concerned that somebody is there to capture him. >> at the same time, the capture forces in place. they are in a ditch. they are hidden in the woods. they are laying in the mud waiting for kristic to come into our capture zone but these abort criteria have have been coming up. we have folks working in the middle of our zone and a guy barbecuing food for the workers so our guys were holding their breath and staying low so we don't get compromised. >> there was nothing but a very, very detailed focus, and a real effort on everyone's part to make sure we don't screw this thing up because you want to get this guy and bring this guy to justice. >> what you don't want in the missions is failure because you're dealing with nato credibility and the credibility of the u.s. forces. >> and so up the chain command, everyone is wondering do we
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abort or not abort and the operators on the ground are making that decision. let's continue to assess the situation. as a commander, i'm saying he's 25 minutes out, he's 20 minutes out so we have to make a decision. what are we going to do? lucky for us because there is luck involved in niece these operations, all of those criteria moved out of the zone and he crossed and the zone was clear. >> there is a final confirmation that says kristic is in that vehicle. there it goes. get ready. that ambush site is just down the road maybe 30 seconds away. >> kristic's vehicle is moving at a high rate of speed as it makes the turn into the zone, the car hits the trigger line which is our key to trigger the capture devices to stop the car. >> and we had special kit that we had devised to slow the vehicle down without snapping everyone's neck in the vehicle. >> what was it?
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>> i really can't talk about it. it's still classified but it's a tool that slows down a vehicle so it doesn't crash. so his vehicle hits the device, it earlily comes from high-rate of speed to zero just like that. >> it's phenomenal. it's phenomenal. >> the operators come out of their hiding places. we collapse on the car as quickly as we can. we break open the window, cut the seat belt, grab kristic right out of the car. the driver defecated himself. they don't even know what's happening. violence of action. >> the helicopter now flies in on command. just think how precise that is. >> as we started to move kristic to the helicopter, he had a prosthetic leg and that leg fell off and one of the operators had to pick it up as we carried him to the helicopter to evacuate. >> the capture of kristic was very, very short.
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within 30 seconds he's heading off to a classified air field. >> he's handed over to a comptive authority from the hague. they identified him; confirmed it was him before he got on the plane to fly to court in the in thor -- netherlands. >> when it was successful, i was extremely happy. it was quiet, seamless almost like magic. suddenly, he's taken, he's shown as in detention and they say how did they do that? hey, we talked to him 15 minutes before this. he was fine. how did they go get him? >> the plane carrying general kristic arrived in the southern netherlands on saturday. he's believed to have led soldiers to massacre thousands of muslims. >> this was the biggest deal so far because he was the highest-ranking individual who had been personally indicted for
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genocide and so as a human, you feel good about it. his crimes are unspeakable. >> once it was announced that he had been captured, the gloves were off and other big fish like generals knew they were being hunted. >> the capture of the capture sent a very powerful message to all of this buddies who were still out there at the time, we're coming after you. you're next. ♪ - [woman] with my shark, i deep clean messes like this, this, and even this. but i don't have to clean this, because the self-cleaning brush roll removes hair while i clean. - [announcer] shark, the vacuum that deep cleans now cleans itself.
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we captured kristik on the 2nd of december of 1998. >> when we took kristik down, others responsible for the massacre inside bosnia who thought they could be indicted knew they were being hunted. that made a lot of guys change their patterns of life. >> all of these guys are cowards and when suddenly they realize that the gig is up and the world is coming after you, by name, based on these crimes that you authorized and participated in, these folks start to scatter. >> and that made these manhunting operations to capture the dead of war criminals much more complicated. >> as we worked to find these war criminals, kristik was brought to trial. >> he was tried at the hague for crimes against humanity and genocide. >> i plead not guilty. >> the international tribunal
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went through a very prolonged trial. there were literally hundreds of witnesses who said that they saw kristik issue orders. they saw what he did. >> in his mind, everything he had done was justified. he was following orders. but ultimately, kristik was found guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity in august of 2001. and he was sentenced to 46 years behind bars. it's essentially a life sentence. >> the longest sentence in the tribunal's history. it's a significant sentence. particularly when measured against the age, in his 50s. >> by the time that kristik was found guilty, we had captured a whole bunch of were criminals. which included malosocik.
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>> the serb dictator an mastermind of it all finally was detained and brought on charges of genocide. >> i consider this forced tribunal. >> but while melosovik was on trial, he died. >> i report the death of ved the justice they need and deserve. >> general milokovic was detained and sentenced. >> milokovic to life imprisonment. >> milokovic was sentenced in 2017. justice is a never-ending
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challenge. >> ultimately, there were 161 persons indicted for war crimes. >> of the 161 persons indicted by the tribunal today, none remain at large. >> 100,000 men, women, and children, were killed during the war. that number's in dispute. many believe it was much more. >> in retrospect when you look at it, it's clear. should have gone in much sooner. should have had much more courage. we should have taken steps to bring justice much sooner, much more effectively than we did. >> it is really important to pay attention to the genocide committed by people because it really provides a lesson in history that we got to be smart
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enough not to repeat the mistakes of the past but to learn from them so that we really do make the world better for our children. >> everybody has an individual definition of justice. the family members that lost their husbands or their dads or their mothers were raped, i'm not sure how they would feel, but from the soldiers' per spis spective, grabbing the war criminals and getting them to the hague for justice is the best we could do. >> in 1997 before the conclusion of the u.s. mission, a u.s. senator comes to visit me in bosnia and she goes down and meets the women whose husbands were massacred and she says, now, you know, this is a terrible thing, it was a great tragedy, the united states, you have our deepest sympathies, but, you know, bad things happen. and you have to move forward with your lives and we're here to help you do that. and a woman says, senator, maybe
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you don't understand, she said, but in 1992, i had a husband, 2 sons, a house, a vacation home, a car, and a profession. she said, now i have no profession, no car, no vacation home, no house, no sons, no husband. and she said, i will not forget. you can't have peace without justice. ♪
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>> announcer: the following is a cnn special report. i'll find out either tomorrow or the day after if i'm getting into my dream school. >> the unbearable wait of the 18-year-old, chasing the college dream. [ screaming ] ♪ how did it become -- >> operation varsity blues. >> you don't need to work anymore.

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