this is gps, the global public square. welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. today on the show, boris brexit and the future of britain. >> this one nation conservative government has been given a powerful new mandate. and what message was johnson's victory send to donald trump? also, impeachment, a trade deal with china and more with an all star panel. then -- communist china and democratic india. two systems with the same problem. persecuting religious

minorities. we'll take a look at china's treatment of uighurs, locking up large numbers of them in what some u.s. officials are calling concentration camps. and india's controversial new law and its handling of kashmir. finally, forget who wants to be a millionaire. the question is who has the most millionaires in the world. china, the u.s., japan, germany? find out later in the show. first, here's my take. on its face, the impeachment proceedings against donald trump might seem to be a specifically and narrowly american matter. but if you look around the world, you will see this is taking place amidst a deeply worrying global trend. in country after country we're witnessing an astonishing wave of attacks on the constitution, institutions, norms and values

that have given democracy strength and meaning. consider what has been happening just this week around the world as congress debated charges against the president. in india, the world's largest democracy, the ruling party passed an unprecedented citizenship bill that privileges certain religions over others. a move that one indian intellectual described as a giant step to convert a democracy into an unconstitutional ethnocracy. india appears polarized heading into its third election in pun year. more disturbing, prime minister benjamin netanyahu has launched an extraordinarily vicious attack on the israeli judicial system which he claims has been plotting against him. in fact, netanyahu faces indictment because the attorney general who is from benjamin

netanyahu's party and was chosen by netanyahu was following existing laws and procedures. in hungary, victor or bonn who has spoken about building an ill liberal democracy has pushed for laws to make it harder for opposition lawmakers to ban together and protest legislation. he also moved to curtail the power of local governments after hits own party faced setbacks in municipal elections. at the international court of justice, nearly 30 years after she was awarded the nobel peace prize as a pro democracy dissident, myanmar's aung san suu kyi staunchly defended her government against charges of genocide against a muslim minority group, the rohingya. u.s. investigators have found evidence of mass killings, gang rape and arson with genocidal intent. and this is all just in this week. if you broaden the lens, we're living through what stanford's

larry diamond has called a democratic recession. international human rights watchdog group freedom house registered global declines in political rights and civil liberties for 13 consecutive years. this is the context in which to consider america's impeachment crisis. the facts of the case are blindingly clear. president trump pressured the new ukrainian government to investigate the bidens as has been described in sworn testimony by 17 witnesses. many of them sitting senior government officials with each person's account confirming the others and emails, texts and the rough call transcript further documenting it all. the republican's defense is that this elaborate campaign to help trump's reelection was actually a big misunderstanding. trump had never asked for it. all the officials working feverishly for months across contents for all simultaneously diluted. call it the walter mitty defense.

in fact, the real defense is offense. this week the president called members of the fbi scum and attorney general william barr dismissed the conclusions of his own justice department's inspector general. the president and his followers routinely attack the foreign service, the intelligence agencies and the justice department. the white house has refused to honor congressional subpoenas or request for documents to an extent unprecedented in american history. across the democratic world, the institutions of liberty and law are under attack. if they give way, the framed democratic fabric of our societies will ultimately tear apart. for more go to cnn.com/fareed and read my washington post column this week. let's get started. ♪

prime minister boris johnson won a resounding victory on thursday, giving him what he called a powerful new mandate to get brexit done. we'll start there with today's panel, david melvin was the foreign secretary of the uk. and ann marie slugter was the director of policy and planning at the state department. she's now the ceo of the think tank new america. david, you were out campaigning, you're a former labor leader in your formal capacity. what do you think was going on? why did johnson get what was the largest majority since margaret >> labor corbin was -- the unpaletable fixture of the election, johnson. corbyn was simply unelectable,

and i saw that on the doorstep. corbin was simply unelectable. people saying i'm labor to my core, my dad will turn in his grave, but i can't vote for you, not even when you have a good local candidate. >> my theory is when you present voters with clarity or murkiness, if you wanted a vote for brexit, it was clear what you voted for, the conservative party. if you didn't want brexit, what were you meant to do? corbyn himself was of two minds. it wasn't should you vote liberal democrats, everything was money on one side and clear for boris johnson. >> yep. essentially you can see it as a vote for certainty and sovereignty. because johnson got an awful lot of the people who had voted for brexit. they now flipped to tories because i agree with you, corbyn was unpalatablunpalatable, but o

we voted for brexit, we want to get brexit done, sovereignty, certainty and change. >> and markets reacted positively saying the uncertainty three years of being in limbo is over. >> they want to get through this. it's clear boris johnson gave them that. he said i will get brexit done by the end of the year. be corbyn was certainly not going to do that. if corbyn would have won, it would have been the most negative election in europe for decades. this also means the scottish national party want to be out, right? they would cost them an awful lot of money do it. they are demanding a referendum. when their parliamentary vote comes up in 2021, i suspect there will be a strong mandate for that. this could be the beginning of a long-term unwinding of the united kingdom. >> people voted for the end of brexit, but it won't be the end of brexit. it's the easy bit of brexit, which is getting out of the european union. the hard bit, what's the future economic, security, educational,

scientific relationship with the european union, they haven't even started on it. that's why there's trouble brewing on the european front as well as the domestic front. >> what do you think of the lessons for american politics? you really now -- you have the tories, the populist national party, the left is trying to figure out what it does. what did you hear that democrats should know about? >> if you confuse your own twittersphere with the real world, you're in trouble. if your policy program is incredible, people won't vote for it even if the individual components are popular. the more radical change you want, the more detailed and credible you have to be about how you will make it happen. finally, and most importantly, you need a very clear vision of the future. the offer corbyn made, a better yesterday, was not going to deliver for the united kingdom. you have to be able to unite the country to go forward and not to look back. >> it struck me also that,

again, immigration. the left is incredible on immigration. the country feels like, what, we are not supposed to have borders and we're not supposed to control the flow? anyone who wants to come in -- that, i find, it's a very common and sensible level, voters say we need to have borders and more control over our destiny. >> i think that's right. though, actually, i think in the u.s. election imdpramigration w be less important this time. i think the republicans are going to say, this is 2016 all over again. britain voted for brexit in june of 2016, and nobody thought that was going to happen and nobody thought trump was going to get elected and those things were tied and trump will say and again, the elites, as david puts it, a better yesterday. we are the future and we are change. >> i would bet you trump will say if you vote for the democratic party they will let

anyone in across the southern border and they can all get free health care and education and that frankly is a lot of what our democrats in the primary debates have been saying. >> the lesson for the democrats is unity and a broad tent. and we don't see anybody right now among the democratic candidates who can do that. >> what do you think is the danger here that we are missing this larger replay that just as brexit foreshadowed trump getting elected, johnson foreshadowed trump getting re-elected? >> i wouldn't go that far. i don't think there are big elections for the u.s. election 2020 because corbyn is such a uniquely bad candidate. he makes bernie sanders look like tony blair. but i do think that boris johnson is as a governing figure is much more normal than trump is internationally. you saw that he was one of those european leaders with justin

trudeau mocking the american president, didn't want to have that meeting with trump on climate, on immigration, on a whole bunch of issues. boris johnson is a lot closer to other leaders around the world than he is trump. i think that will play out now that he has a five-year term. >> the labor party leadership might be open. would you consider running for leader of the labor party? >> obviously we're not here to set up the campaign team. no. you have to it be a member of parliament. i got my job. there needs to be a vacancy. it needs to be filled by someone in parliament but there's a deep thing here shg, corbynism witho corbyn is still unelectable. >> you heard it here, he's running. next on "gps," we will talk about what to make of the new trade agreement between the united states and china. did you really need the caps lock? mucinex cold and flu all-in-one.

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who can answer your questions about dementia or memory care and, if necessary, help you find the right place for your mom or dad. we all want what's best for our parents, so call today. an amazing deal. that is how president trump characterized the partial trade deal. how amazing is it? let me bring the panel in. ian, you had been predicting there would be a trade deal. it's pretty much what people thought, or is it bigger? >> to. i mean, in terms of the chinese are going to buy american ag again more than they were before we started escalating on tariffs. the americans are not going to increase escalation. that would hurt american

consumers, especially in the run up to the christmas season. trump didn't want to do that. it's going to reduce some of the additional tariffs by a bit. but if you've been watching chinese twitter feeds since we're talking about twitter feed and they've gotten on in a big way in the last few weeks, they're coming after the americans hard. on technology issues, on governance issues, on the uyghurs on hong kong. this government has a lot of confidence and big issues for them are coming up in the coming months. hong kong is not going away, and the cfo of huawei is facing extradition in canada. i think next year's u.s. canada relationship is in a different phase despite the phase one deal that trump is trumpeting. i wrote this piece in foreign affairs in which i try to lay out what it seems to me is almost a bipartisan consensus now that we need something like a cold war with china. what strikes me is there's so many democrats signing on because they don't want to be outflanked by trump.

is it a side show to what is really a pretty tough new cold war with china? >> i do think the trade deal is a side show. i think your piece is exactly right in that this is very like the late '40s and the early '50s when a lot of groups had every incentive to widen the split between the soviet union and the united states. the military wanted the enemy. various other groups were pushing their agendas. and i see that now also. we have lots of tensions with china. but we're also deeply interconnected with china, and there's no reason we can't, in fact, continue engaging them and deterring them as you argue. but for political reasons and for each side has an incentive to play up the antagonism of the other. it's like watching a train wreck. >> one of the big questions

people have if there's a new cold war with china, where will europe sit? the europeans have a difficult time. because in a way, my experience around the world is everybody would like to be with china economically, but the united states politically. but increasingly both countries are saying no, it's not ala cart. you can't choose. >> you're right. europeans will be the meat in this sandwich in a difficult position. i think the conversation of engagement, trying to make the wins on climate policy is a big play for the european union. when it comes to the geopolitical issues, there's real difficult if i for europeans. it was significant the nato summit should have concluded with a such strong statement. it said this is a whole new international geopolitical ball game. and i thought that was a significant signal that the europeans are going to really kleve toward the traditional values alliance with the u.s. however, they're not going to be

a pushover. and you say about the politics drawing europeans to america, i think europeans are thinking on a 20-year horizon, america's unpredictable, and that sharpens the dilemma for them. >> the technology piece is the bigger piece here. that's where with the huawei ban, the u.s. is trying to decouple with china. the chinese must get this message and say we're going to great our own technology universe, and that train has already left the station. >> i would argue the bigger decisions have been made by the chinese, not the americans and the trump administration has pushed that along. the speech when president xi says we want to be dominant in these areas in technology, ones critical to american security, that tells me me need to act does that mean a new cold war or containment? to me it means we need to be sure we're continuing to be better and our allies see it and want to align not just out of fear, but also because they see the united states is going to win, and right now when you talk to people who know technology in

the united states, they think we're losing on 5 g. they're not convinced we're going to win in technology in five or ten years? >> isn't that the problem, it's hard to reinvest in american science and technology, hard to rebuild your infrastructure. it's easy to have a -- to have a cold war. it's much easier to blame the outsider than to go through the kind of national renewal at home and compete. >> yeah. i think that's right. and again, what we ought to be doing is continuing to engage, continuing to educate chinese students and bringing them here, not sending them home. increasing these ties. there are big technological divides, we should be approaching this as china is a country that has to be engaged and deterred at the same time. and our biggest strength should be that we have far more allies than china does and we should be building those alliances and that's exactly where from my

point of view the biggest danger is trump is doing everything he can to alienate the allies at a time when china is all too happy to pick up ones. >> final, you tweeted you don't usually tweet on domestic policy. you tweeted on impeachment, that you supported it? >> yeah. >> why? >> because i believe the abuse of power by president trump to move the elections in his favor personally and -- undermine national security is an impeachable defense. >> all right. on that simple note, thank you all. next, we'll talk about a big china issue that we did not talk about here. it's the treatment of the uighurs. the president's national security adviser says beijing is putting them in concentration camps. we'll tell you what you need to know.

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president trump's new national security adviser accuses china of locking people

up in concentration camps. yes, he uses that phrase that conjures up images of the nazis and the holocaust. specifically he was pointing his finger at the northwest corner. turkey muslims living in the province, primarily the uyghurs. a bill passed almost unanimously in the u.s. house earlier this month calling out china's gross human rights violations. it's a story we all need to understand. to help us do so, i want to bring on james parma, an expert on china who knows the issue intimately. james, who are the uyghurs to begin with? >> about 10 to 12 million of them. most of them are muslims. they are also turkic, so they look different from what we think of as chinese people as

pan chinese. the history goes back a long way to the uyghurs empire. they look toward central asia instead of china as their cultural homeland, but they're controlled by china. >> so people talk about concentration camps and talk about the uyghurs being put into concentration camps. explain just from what best we can tell what is going on. >> there's a mass crackdown on uyghurs rights, on their ability to travel outside of the region, on their freedom of expression, on their culture and their language. a big part of that has been these so-called reeducation camps, into which something like a million, maybe a million and a half uyghur have disappeared. some have reemerged. about 10% of the population as a whole. and these tend to be people who are either young and potentially in the eyes of chinese state her

gent or often middle age people who have a travel life, traveled abroad, a lot of business people, professors, and even more uyghurs outside the camp, increasing the government is dictating what they can and can't do, where they can work. the government has installed chinese in the homes of uyghurs people who spy on them to make sure they conform to chinese models of behavior. >> the way the chinese have generally dealt with the problems is to essentially send a lot of pan chinese into the areas to kind of make them less distinct and separate. why are they taking this much more draconian measure with the uyghurs? >> the history of this goes back to 2009 when there were mass riots in one of the major cities in the region. in the riots about 200 innocent people were killed by young uyghur men. there was retaliatory violence

by the state, by the people's armed police in which an unknown number of uighur were killed. a cycle of violence began. it worsened in 2014 when there was an attack in a city by knife-wielding uighur. this killed about 31 people. there was a huge public outcry against this. one of the results from that was that uyghur began to be pushed out of the rest of china. so suddenly you had this huge influx of people coming back into an already volatile region. this is also about the time that xi jinping, the chinese president, is consolidating his power. as he consolidates his power, one of the things he does is to set much harder ideological boundaries. the uyghur began to be described and even islam itself is described by an infection, a cancer, a fundamental danger to

the party. >> you were based in beijing for 15 years. you know a lot of -- you've studied this issue. you have a lot of uyghur friends. what are you hearing from the ground? >> well, i had a lot of uyghur friends. now i have almost no contact with uyghur i knew in china because either they've disappeared or they've broken off contact. a couple of people have successfully made it to other countries. and i think it's a source of distress for a lot of us who work on this issue that our friends or contacts have been forced to cut off contact with us, because even having a western reporter or western academic in your contact list in your phone has been something that has got people sent to their camps. so, on the ground among the -- so i can only really speak to the uighur diaspora at this moment. there's a huge amount of fear there. there's a huge amount of worry that there's a determination to

destroy the uighur as a people, whether through the breaking of their culture or through physical extermination. now, i don't think that second is really on the table, but of course, if your family is being disappeared into camps and people are dying, people are dying of abuse or neglect or beatings or whatever, then you can't rule it out altogether, and it's natural people are terrified. >> james, pleasure. thank you so much for coming on. >> thank you. next on gps, another major minorities controversy in the east. india's new citizenship bill that offers a road to indian citizenship for immigrants from neighboring countries but not if they're muslim. in a multitude of countries, where we get to know the people that drive a company's growth and gain new perspectives. that's why we go beyond the numbers. t. rowe price. invest with confidence.

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from india, my country of or igin is the world's largest democracy. but it did something this week that my next guest describes as an assault on the foundational principles of indian democracy. at issue is the country's citizenship amendment bill passed into law on thursday with an assent from the president. the bill offers a road to indian citizenship for pakistanis but

not if they're muslim. protests have broken out. india has deployed troops to try to quell the violence. explain what you mean when you say this bill is against the idea of india. >> well, you see basically, when our nationalist movement against the british split, it didn't split on ideological grounds or geographical grounds. it split on one principal, should religion be the determination of nation hood. people who believe that, that was the idea of pakistan and they created pakistan out of the division of india. but other muslim leaders said no, our freedom struggle is for everybody of every religion and we'll create a free india for all. and the constitution of india reflects that sense of equality, of nondiscrimination, freedom of religion has been built into the constitution as a fundamental right. including the freedom of worship and the freedom to

prosthelatize. it's a democratic constitution, and for 70 odd years india has been run on the basis of such a constitution. what's happened, however, is for the first time in 2014 a movement has come to power, and come to power with its own majority. it was earlier in power in a larger coalition where it didn't come close to a majority. here it's come to power with a majority in parliament, and it believes profoundly that india was wrong to be a secular liberal pluralist society, that it should be a hindu, and their logic is because pakistan was created for muslims, what remained as india should be a country for hindus, and this philosophy is antithetical to everything that our republic was built on, which is a country for everyone. >> this is happening in an atmosphere over the last few years of hindu nationalism, for example, there's beens doens if not hundreds of cities and towns with historically muslim names

dating back to the 16th century which have been renamed. there have been vigilantes, mobs who killed muslims and the police have done nothing. is the situation getting worse? >> we've been through all you mentioned, and what bothers me about this as a hindu myself is that hinduism traditionally, the hinduism which most of us is brought up is a religion that respects and accepts difference. that says to others, i will respect what you understand to be the truth, please respect what i understand to be the truth and we can live and let live. that's how india has flourished. that's why we've had a country of fewer than a dozen members of isis or al qaeda. that's the strength of india that's being attacked at the roots by the people entrusted with the safety and security of our country. >> finally, the reporting out of kashmir, there's been a long new york article, the other stuff by

ranah, it is frightening, it can be only described as a police state. this is india's only muslim majority state what are you hearing out of there? >> i'm hearing the same sort of thing. though the indian media has been fairly shamefully quiet. i think the new yorker piece by dexter filkins was sound but undercover reporting. he wasn't there going around openly speaking. that's the sad thing that an indian state even of the worst of the terrorist troubles, the sectarian violence, the militants being sent across the border from pakistan to wreak havoc in kashmir, even at that time, the press was able to go and see and observe and report. and the indian media as well. whereas today there is almost a silence of the graveyard coming out of the media and out of kashmir. it's deeply worrying. many of us have said to the government why don't you allow an all party parliament to

go and see the situation themselves. i said it to parliament. it has not been agreed to by the government. other politicians attempting to go have been turned back at the airport. we don't have firsthand insights. what we're hearing in bits and pieces from people going in and out is dismaying and worrying. and at some point they'll have to lift the lid. you cannot keep a state under this kind of de facto lockdown for so many months. when they left the lid, i think they'll have to face up to the consequences of their arbitrary action and overnight changing the status of kashmir. >> always a pleasure to have you on. up next, an interesting call from an unusual source. microsoft's president says we need more government regulation of the tech sector, when we come back. t to businesses, we're a reliable partner. we keep companies ready for what's next. (man) we weave security into their business.

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technology can be a force for great good but as we've seen it can also be a force for ill. my next guest has a big job. brad smith is the president of microsoft, but he has time to think deeply about how technology intersects with humanity. he's written an interesting new book about it. it's called "tools and weapons: the promise and peril of the digital age." welcome to the show. >> thank you. nice to be here. >> first, let me ask you a

bigger question about technology than the tools and weapons part, which is i think americans are having a kind of different relationship with technology today than they were 10 or 15 years ago. it used to be people said it's all fine because the consumer is getting a free product or cheap products, but it does feel weird whether you have an industry and the digital economy is loudest, essentially the economy, where you have a number one player like amazon, and essentially no number two. i mean, it's a real winner-take-all system or a social network in facebook, and there's no plausible number two. shouldn't government have a role in figuring out these things? i mean, microsoft had a famous anti-trust case 20 years ago, but it feels like the europeans are more -- ahead of the role in the issue saying maybe there's a role for government. >> the europeans are ahead.

i would say there's a number of countries that have moved faster than the united states government to address the technology issues of our time. and having lived through, worked through the antitrust issues that we experienced at microsoft two decades ago, i do believe government has a role to play. i think that if you look at the healthy markets that we all take for granted, whether it's the ability to pick up something in the grocery store and read the nutrition label, go to the pharmacy and not worry that the drug is safe, it's because we have balanced and healthy regulation. digital has gone unregulated than any technology in the history of technology. whether it's competition law or privacy or security, one of the fundamental points in our book is we need the tech sector to step up.

we need governments to move faster. >> what about on privacy? you know, the argument is made that we have become the products, the company -- this is less microsoft but companies are selling our information where we browse, where we shop, and profiting off of it. we don't get anything in return. we get the free product, but we don't get royalties from it. and we don't know how much of our privacy is invaded. should there be changes on both lines? we should have more control and we should get reimbursed some kind of almost royalty payment? >> i think there needs to be a real reform, and the strengthening of privacy laws. in this country, and i think around the world, even in places like europe where there's strong private protection already. we call this a company for national privacy legislation, the united states in 20 05.

and we did that because we believed that a healthy market is one in which consumers have confidence in the control of their data, the kind of confidence that only comes in part by protection under the law. so as we look today, we would say it is time to finally bring to the united states many of the best elements of strong privacy laws from europe. that's what we've done voluntarily, and applying across the united states not just the european principals, but california's new law. i think we should also recognize in the decade ahead, there is a new generation of privacy issues already looming. we have data brokers in the country that are almost completely unregulated. we have -- >> explain what a data broker is. >> basically someone who buys data from someone else. you might have provided your data initially to a company you were doing business with and perhaps because there was no restriction on that company's ability to sell your data, it

and these data brokers are then aggregating this data. they're using it to learn more about you, to market new things to you. they may be reselling it to someone else, so we need to start thinking about how to frankly regulate all the businesses dealing in data, and we need to find out the kinds of abuses, whether it's unfair marketing to children, deceptive practices, or to say what is fundamentally potentially exploitation of disvadvantaged people and have the kind of laws that will prevent that from happening. >> thank you. and we will be back. ♪ ♪

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the world's millionaires currently hold $158 trillion of wealth. roughly 1% of the global population now accounts for nearly 50% of the world's wealth. that's one of the many illuminating findings from the

2019 global wealth report. it brings me to my question. according to the wealth report, which of the following nations has the most millionaires? china, japan, the united kingdom or the united states. by book of the week is called "foreign affairs." it has a series of first-rate pieces on the future of capitalism, something that is being debated across the world as governments get more innovations. you can prescribe to "foreign affairs" which is a great publication that will keep you informed of the world out there. the answer to my challenge this week is d. 40% of the world's millionaires reside in the united states. they are held in a margin. according to a report the number of millionaires was increased by

1.1 million since 2018. the world alone accounted for half that increase, exceeding the number of millionaires from the next nine countries combined. the u.s. has the most numbers in the top 1%, and in the past decade, it's been a leading driver of wealth and education. but china clips the u.s. as the nation with the most members in the top 10%. here's another statistic that may surprise you from the 2018 report. chinese people account for nearly half the world's middle class. what's more the world bank found that china has now lifted over 850 million people out of poverty in the 40-plus years since the end of the cultural revolution. all in all, yet another reminder that we are moving into a world that will be marked by these two great countries, the united states and china. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week, and i will see you next week. steyer: i'm about to say two words

that will make washington insiders very uncomfortable: term limits. you and i both know we need term limits, that congress shouldn't be a lifetime appointment. but members of congress, and the corporations who've bought our democracy hate term limits. too bad. i'm tom steyer and i approve this message because the only way we get universal healthcare, address climate change and make our economy more fair is to change business as usual in washington. the wait is over. t-mobile is lighting up 5g nationwide. while some 5g signals go only blocks, t-mobile 5g goes miles... beyond the big cities to the small towns... to the people. now, millions of americans can have access to 5g on t-mobile.

and this is just the beginning. t-mobile, the first and only nationwide 5g network. too shabby! too much! i can rent this? for that price? absolutely. it's just right! book your just right rental at thrifty.com. how did you find great-grandma's recipe? we're related to them? we're portuguese? i thought we were hungarian? grandpa, can you tell me the story again? behind every question is a story waiting to be discovered.

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don't use if you're allergic to dupixent. serious allergic reactions can occur, including anaphylaxis, which is severe. tell your doctor about new or worsening eye problems, such as eye pain or vision changes, or a parasitic infection. if you take asthma medicines, don't change or stop them without talking to your doctor. so help heal your skin from within, and talk to your eczema specialist about dupixent. thank you for joining me. i'm martin savage in for fredric fredricka whitford. james comey said he got to wrong when it came to fisa.