clooney to get the smile and to give reassurance. >> you're going to be fine. >> reporter: jeanne moos, cnn, new york. >> and thanks so much to you for joining us. anderson continues our coverage now. and good evening. thanks for joining us. the day after saying that his authority to tell states when to lift coronavirus restrictions is quote total president trump tonight reversed himself without acknowledging that he was reversing himself completely. at a briefing that was preceded by a day of jousting with democratic governors over this very issue as more americans died or fell ill the president said doesn't that governors, not him, will decide when to reopen their states. >> i will be speaking to all 50 governors very shortly, and i will then be authorizing each individual governor of each individual state to implement a

reopening and a very powerful reopening plan of their state at a time and in a manner as most appropriate. the day will be very close because certain states, as you know, are in much different condition and in a much different place than other states. it's going to be very, very close, maybe even before the date of may 1st. >> so keeping him honest is constitutional scholars and other experts on the subject have pointed out and as we pointed out last night the governors do not need the president's authorization. they are not sitting by the phone waiting for an official authorization to reopen their states. in addition, saying before the date of may 1st, as the president puts it, that is before the expiration of the centers for disease control social distancing guidelines as they now stand.

and just today dr. anthony fauci called even a may 1st reopening in parts of the country, quote, a bit overly optimistic and said that the widespread testing that would be needed to safely lift restrictions, quote, were not there yet. that said, it was as close to a total about face as one could imagine though unacknowledged and though it certainly is the lead story for tens of millions of americans worried about their safety but also about their jobs, it was not what the president began the briefing with today. he started by announcing a halt on u.s. funding for the world health organization. the president blaming it for opposing his restrictions on travel from china. also he said for failing to inform the world about a lack of transparency from china on the outbreak. now, there are certainly very legitimate criticisms to be had on the w.h.o. and of china and cnn has reported on them extensively. however, not so long ago the president was expressing a very different view of each. on china. here's a tweet from the president, january 24th. quote, china has been working very hard to contain the

coronavirus. the united states greatly appreciates their efforts and transparency. it will all work out well, in particular on behalf of the american president i want to thank president xi. transparency. a month later here's a tweet on the w.h.o. quoting again from the president. the coronavirus is very much under control in the usa. we are in contact with everyone and all relevant countries, cdc and world health have been working hard and very smart. stock market starting to look very good to me. then, and now. just four days later, the first american would die of coronavirus. today the death toll topped 25,000. cnn's kaitlyn collins was in the rose garden for tonight's briefing. certainly so much for the president being in charge of how the country will eventually reopen. i mean, it's a complete 180 from what he said yesterday, though he doesn't acknowledge he was just wrong. >> no, he isn't saying, you know, i don't have total authority of this. actually the governors will make these decisions. now he's framing it more as he's

coordinating with these governors which as we noted half night is what they governors would like, federal guidance on this. they just don't want the federal government to try to dictate what they are doing. anderson, the president's change in position today came after a constitutional scholars were saying he was wrong, republican lawmakers, each republican governors and in addition to the democratic governors that he referenced on twitter not that long ago when he was saying that they were essentially trying to have some kind of mutiny and was invoking that movie talking about this. that was just this morning. now he's striking a much more cooperative tone talking about reopening the cup fry but what's also going to be notable is that the president is hinting that there are some places, some states that could open before the guidelines this they have put out expire before the end of the month. anderson he did not name those states, but, of course, that came after fauci said it's not likely most of the country would be ready to open by that may 1 deadline. >> the president also said that the u.s. was halting funding to or pausing funding to the world health organization. you tried to point out that he

himself had been praising the world health organization for the exact things he's now criticizing them for. he didn't really -- he certainly didn't answer your question. >> no, and another reporter had actually tried to ask that question before me pointing to the president's january tweet where he praised china for its transparency when it came to the coronavirus. that is exactly what he criticized the w.h.o. for tonight saying that was in part one. reasons he was withholding this funding penneding this review saying because they had praised china for being transparent here. so the president was criticizing them for something he had done. one reporter tried to ask him about it. the president didn't answer that question. he was talking about his trade deal with china and i tried to follow up on that question repeatedly. he was talking about the travel restrictions that he's touted many, many times but that's not, of course, the same thing as what the president's tweet said. he didn't walk that tweet back or say anything about that. he said he hadn't called them transparent when, of course, we have seen the tweet where the

president has, and this has come, you know, overall where the president has repeatedly spoken with the chinese leader, praised them for their efforts on coronavirus, said that they have it under control several times and, of course, he did not answer that question tonight about why he's criticizing the w.h.o. for doing something that he himself also did. >> yeah. appreciate it. fascinating about face. reaction now to the president's about face from one of the state governors who joined together to formulate plans for reopening their states and for returning to what will certainly not be the same kind of normal that existed before the virus hit. oregon governor democrat kate brown joins us now. governor, thanks so much for being with us. so the president is saying he's going to authorize governors individually to implement reopening plans for their states. you clearly do not need his authorization. what are you thinking about in terms of reopening? >> so we obviously have the power

power. as a governor i have the power to protect the health and safety of my constituents, my oregonians and that's exactly what we've done. we took aggressive social distancing measures early in this pandemic, and as a result we've been able to provide, for example, extra ventilators to the city of new york, and i think that speaks to oregonians' willingness to take action to officially distance, protect themselves, their neighbors and their communities. in terms of reopening, we've aligned with california and washington around a framework. a handful of things that need to happen. number one, we need to make sure that the growth rate in new cases is slowing. number two, we need to have adequate protectionive equipment, gloves, masks and gowns. number three, obviously additional testing. we probably need to roughly double our testing capacity.

number four, we'll be able toll have an aggressive contact tracing system, and number five, make sure that we can provide care in isolation for those who test positive for the disease. >> did you expect the president to ultimately back down from his comments because, again, there was just no legal authority for the president to claim that he was the one who was going to determine for all the states what was going to happen. >> look, the reality is with this pandemic we are all in this together, and it's critically important that we work together. i'm really proud of the work that the states are doing in the west, our western states to create a framework that not only protects the health and safety of our citizens but also because our economy is so interconnected, protect the business -- the businesses all up and down the west coast. >> when you talk about the

aggressive contact tracing, every epidemiologist that i've talked to has stressed that that is so important moving forward. is the state of oregon set up because everybody i've talked to in different states says their state is really not set up at this point with a public health system to have the number of people required to kind of do real aggressive contact tracing. >> so our oregon health authority is working on a strategic plan to address this particular issue, but i also think that it's going to be incumbent upon us to develop partnerships. for example, one of our hospital systems in southern oregon has volunteered to provide a private partnership with local county public health to both train and increase the number of health care workers that would be able to do this work. making sure obviously they have the knowledge. they have the expertise and they have the ability to work with

families in their communities. >> do you know how many people you think might be needed to do contact tracing? because, i mean, there's been some epidemiologists who say nationwide, you know, it could be as many as 100,000 people, you know, which was obviously, i mean, a huge rise in employees. >> certainly my medical advisory panel is working on those details. we think it's going to be a lot, hundreds at least for a state like oregon with a population of 4.2 million, but as assayed we can create public/private partnerships. we have a very good system of health care workers. folks already working in the communities that could provide this assistance as well, and then we're exploring other creative concepts that we could easily train and increase the amount of local community health care workers. what i think is really important is that this be done in a

culturally competent way, and so that's going to take time and energy. it's time and energy worth investing in our communities. >> do you agree with governor newsom that when things do return, when businesses, you know, open up and stuff that it's going to be a very different kind of normal really until a vaccine is found and a vaccine that actually works and is something that, you know, that works? >> absolutely. this is not a light switch going on or off. this is going to be making a change, testing it, it modeling it, and then seeing whether it works, and then if it does, you can make another change. >> do you see social distancing remaining. >> yes. >> some form of social distancing remaining? >> i think you're going to see broader cultural changes. for example, hand-shaking. i think we're going to see a move towards a more asian style

of head-bowing. i think you're going to see folks really limiting large gatherings for a long period of time, months, and i think you're going to see other social changes. we've been laughing, of course, about the use of zoom and other technologies. for intro ververts that's a gre way to limit your social interaction but still have the social connections that you need to to get your work done. >> i don't know if you've done that because you've read that i'm a huge introvert but i am a huge introvert and i appreciate you bringing up introverts. governor brown, really appreciate it. >> take good care. >> you, too. >> more insight on reopening each state. the w.h.o. and one of the doctor's favorite medicines with dr. sanjay gupta. earlier today dr. fauci said we're not there yet on opening the states. dr. fauci decides. how to assess the risk of reopening things too soon too

fast. >> the health risks are you could have many more people become infect the, anderson. the concern is it's not an incremental thing. you run the real risk of sort of going back to square one as has been described i think by many people and has been evidenced in some places around the world. so there's a real risk to that, and i can say as well, you know, i think with dr. fauci, he obviously looks at the data, the same data that most of us has access to although he may have other data as well. i think he's known for some time that it would be very difficult to reopen things in any kind of normal way on may 1stch the data just hasn't suggested that. i think, you know, anderson, i think his strategy -- he knows but he sort of slow rolls it a bit so as to not, you know, shock the country into this stuff. i think -- it will be very hard to -- to believe that with the current sort of state of affairs with the virus -- eventually we're going to open, but it seems like to would be hard to

believe by may 1st. >> he also knows better than announcing a date or just flat out saying may 1st, there's no way because it would contradict what the president is saying and it would cause tensions. the president saying tonight about halting funding to the world health organization. what's your reaction because the u.s. gives a lot of money to the world health organization. what does that money go to? what do they do? >> well, they do lots of different things. i mean, part of of it is creating diagnostics, lab diagnostics and helping set that up in countries around the world. as you might imagine, anderson, as you know, because you and i have traveled to meese places, the countries that would be most adversely impacted by cuts in funding aren't going to be countries like us. they are going to be countries that don't have established health systems or minimally established health systems. that's usually who ends up getting penalized when there's a cut in funding, and, you know, i mean, i think we all in some ways look to the world health organization right now because they are focusing on these trials. they are collecting data from around the world like a world

health organization can do. i will say, anderson, i mean, i think there have been some missteps for certain by the world health organization. it was pretty clear that the -- you know, the first patients out of china, a significant number of them, were not related to that animal market as we kept getting told. that was significant because these patients -- i'm sorry, these people were not getting the infection from that market, where were they getting that infection from? was there already evidence of community spread long before we were told about it that the rest of the world was told about it? i think there's some legitimate criticisms. president trump even said, i don't know where he got this number, but he said 20-fold more infections occurred because of the slowness of the world health organization. i'm not sure how he arrived at that number, so i think there's some legitimate criticisms is but to stop funding in the middle of a pandemic to penalize countries that are more dependant on this, i'm not sure that makes sense. >> the w.h.o. says they are investigating cases of rell activation of the virus after reuters reported some theme

south korea tested positive after being cleared. how does this change how scientists and doctors study antibodies and immunity because, again, the concern is are people really immune once they have had the virus? >> they use the word reactivation in this reuters article, not reinfection, and it -- you know, as you know, anderson, it's two different things. i think that's more than a nuance. reinfection would suggest that somebody has the infection, completely recover and there's no more virus in their bod, and then they get reinfected again, that the antibodies didn't really fight off the infection. reactivation sort of suggests that the virus just lives and stays in the body a lot longer than people realize. anderson, you know, you and i have seen this because we interviewed -- i'm blanking on his name right now, university of nebraska, we had him on the town hall several times in a row. >> yes. they have the special center. they do a lot of work on this. >> they do a lot of work on it. he was found to continue to have

presence of the virus for i think -- correct me if i'm wrong, 28, 29 days. >> his first name is carl. >> carl. >> he has a radio station and his wife had to go and pick up after the dog while he was quarantined. >> right. >> yes, exactly. but because he was being tested so often they realized he actually harbor'd the virus a lot longer than people realize so i think that's something we do have to pay attention to. how long does this virus really stay in our body after we recover? i don't know that we can clearly answer that right now. >> yeah. sanjay, appreciate it as always. thank you very much. coming up next in light of the president's criticism of the world health organization, china, state governors, anyone but himself will take a look at the timeline for the monthch february which the president almost entirply left out of the campaign-style, propaganda-style video, call it will what you want that he played boasting his accomplishments. we're keeping him honest joined by senator chris murphy of connecticut and lifting restrictions. we'll talk to one researcher

whose team has published a study that said they might have to continue in some shape or form number 2022. we'll talk about what can make that necessary and how to avoid that fate ahead. (slow music plays) ♪ (laughter) ♪ ♪ ♪ (baby coos) ♪ (laughter) man on video chat: hey! man chasing dog: oh no no no no! (baby crying) ♪ ♪

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some companies still have hr stuck between employeesentering data.a. changing data. more and more sensitive, personal data. and it doesn't just drag hr down. it drags the entire business down -- with inefficiency, errors and waste. it's ridiculous. so ridiculous. with paycom, employees enter and manage their own data in a single, easy to use software. visit paycom.com, and schedule your demo today. we've about discussing president's criticism of the world health organization this evening, accusations of delayed actions and a lack of candor, perhaps not surprisingly charges which echoed the exact criticisms being leveled at the president. on monday he began the news conference with a campaign-like video attempting to show how much the president has been on

top of the coronavirus response. it ended up documenting how little he did during the critical month of february. the president said he did a lot at that time though he couldn't name anything of substance yesterday when asked. it's the kind of stuff he was doing -- this is the kind of stuff he was doing saying in february downplaying the virus. >> and i think the virus is going to be -- it's going to be fine. you know, in april supposedly it dies with the hotter weather, and that's a beautiful date to the look forward to. >> looks like by april, you know, in theory when this gets a little warmer, miraculously goes away. i hope that's true. we have it very much under control in this country. the coronavirus, which is very well under control in our country. people are getting bet per. they are all getting better. there's a very good chance you're not going to die. in fact, we're very close to a vaccine. this is a flu. this is like a flu. of the 15 people, the original 15, as i call them, eight of them have returned to their homes. we're going down not up. we're going very substantially

down, not up. again, when you have 15 people and the is a within a couple of days is going to be down to close to zero, that's a pretty good job we've done. it's going to disappear. one day it's like a miracle. it's going to disappear. democrats are politicizing the coronavirus. up of my people came up to me and said mr. president, they tried to beat you on russia, russia, russia. that didn't work out too well. they tried the impeachment hoax. this is their new hoax. >> joining us now to talk about missed opportunities. democratic senator chris murphy of connecticut. senator, i want to read you a tweet that you tweeted out february 5th about the white house's response at that time. you said just left the administration briefing on coronavirus. bottom line they aren't taking this seriously enough. notably no requests for any emergency funding which is a big mistake. local health systems need supplies, training, screenings, staff, et cetera and they need

it now. what did you see in that meeting? i mean, what was the problem? >> well, that was an extraordinary montage that you just played, and that attitude was reflected in the meeting, inside that meeting in early february where the president's top coronavirus experts, led by then chief of staff mulvaney and secretary of hhs alex azar, and they were just incredibly confident that they had beaten coronavirus. at that time there were only a few cases can here. they were reflecting what the president said in those clips because they thought that the travel bans have kept it out of the united states. we told them that they needed money and they needed money fast in order to buy supplies, in order to higher more staff, and they told us that they didn't need any funding, that they had everything that they needed, and i walked out of that closed-door briefing just with chills running down my spine because many of us on both sides of the aisle knew what this virus had done in china.

we knew it was a matter of time before it arrived here and it was just shocking how cavalier the administration was. this was at a time when the president real, you know, viewed this as a hoax. he said so on tv and the reason that we're in the crisis that we are today is not because of anything that china did. it's not because of anything that the w.h.o. did. it's because of what this president did. he didn't take this virus seriously. we weren't going to be able to keep every case out of united states but we didn't need tens of thousands this of people dying. >> it's clear that the w.h.o. has said very positive things about china and kind of downplayed, you know, their lack of transparency and the chinese death tolls, you know, right now just seems ludicrously low, the official death toll in china. i'm wondering what you make of the president now focusing on w.h.or not, though he previously had praised them for china -- for transparency and the w.h.o.'s work. >> well, pulling money out of the w.h.o. has nothing to do

with keeping america safe. it's all about the president's attempt to try to find scapegoats. let's be clear. early on in this crisis there was no bigger cheerleader for china and their response to coronavirus than president donald j. trump. it was president trump who on 12 different occasions praised president xi's efforts to control coronavirus, specifically praised china's transparency which we now know was a complete joke, and so the president is engaging in, you know, sort of middle school grade deflection trying to blame the w.h.o. for something that he was responsible for, and the fact of the matter is the while the w.h.o. is imperfect, in the early days of the virus they invested in testing. they created by the end of february 1.4 million tests in collaboration with a german manufacturer, so had we been working with the w.h.o. early on, we might be in a very different position here being able to test twice as many, three times as many people as we have. we'll be weaker as a nation if

we pull out of the w.h.o. because it -- there's no way to stand up an effective anti-pandemic program without them. this is just about the president's attempts to try to blame others for problems that he created. >> yeah. i know earlier you had said that there's very coordinated effort amongst the white house and their allies to try to find scapegoats that the president made in the early stage of the virus. you believe that the president made mistakes that ended up costing lives? >> absolutely. absolutely. the fact that we didn't start buying up medical supplies, masks, gowns, face shields early on, when we were begging for that funding in early february. the fact that the president didn't put in place an effective plan to develop new tests, the fact that he didn't work with governors and mayors to push social distancing measures earlier has cost lives. listen, let's be honest. there'sfectively no response to coronavirus from the administration. all the president does is hold

press conferences. everything that has been done to effectively control this virus has been done by governors. my governors had to find almost every single face shield and every mask that has been dispensed to hospital. it's been my governor that has had to decide when to close schools and businesses. it's my governor that is organizing a process of identify, trace and quarantine. the president talks in these press conferences but all of the response has been left to governors and so if the president had had a more effective national plan from the beginning, we would be in a very different position than we are today. >> do you watch the coronavirus briefings because i've just been struck how they have now devolved to it the president essentially hijack them to, you know, talk as long as he wants, an hour, more than an hour sometimes before any scientists really -- before we get an update from the scientists about what's actually going on. >> yeah. i mean, my sense right now is

that the president does the press conferences and other people are trying to manage the virus. we did a call last week with the vice president and a team of experts, and, you know, there were really good people on that call but it's hard when the president is this disengaged, when he's so focused on trying to save himself politically and not terribly interested in learning the details of how you fight a vicious virus like this. i tune into, you know, bits and pieces of these press conferences because a lot of my constituents are watching them and i want to be kept up to date, but they are just for show. they are just to keep the president occupied on a dale basis. it's others in the administration that's doing the work, but they don't really have clear guidance from the commander in chief. >> senator chris murphy, appreciate your time. thank you. >> thanks. >> just ahead, a harvard research remember joins us to talk about new modeling that suggests social distancing guidelines may be needed for

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all the talk to the about lifting social distancing guidelines state by state there tease an eye opening new study from a team of researchers at the harvard school of public health. it predicts under certain scenarios the potential need for those scenarios to continue until 2022. in the next segment we're joined by someone working to brighten that picture. she leads the vaccine effort at the national institute of health but first the assistant professor of immunology and infectious diseases at harvard

university school of public health. thanks so much for being with us. your team used models of what we now know about covid-19 along with other viruses to create possible scenarios of the pandemic, one which concluded a potential need for social distancing until 2022. can you explain how you found that? >> absolutely. so there are two ways in which the pandemic acts. one, we eliminate the virus i think with global spread of the virus, that one is quite unlikely. and the second pandemic ends because there's sufficient immunity in the population. so with that as a backdrop, we were interested in asking about the impact of social distancing and what happens when we stop a one-time effort. so we are doing social distancing with the idea of flattening the curve and trying to prevent overwhelming our health care infrastructure, so

if we're successful in doing that, we also keep a lot of people susceptible to the infection so that if we stop social distancing after four weeks, eight weeks, 12 weeks, what have you, there will still be a pool of people who are susceptible and we might see again a rise in infection which might prompt us to reinitiate social distancing. so keeping in mind that our goal is getting up to population immunity in the absence of a vaccine or other types of interventions, what we might see is kind of on/off intermittent distancing and get up to population immunity, again, that end point, would take until 2022. >> and that's predicate asked on the belief that once you had been infected you would develop an a an immunity, is that correct?

>> that is correct. we're assuming that innext brings along with it sufficient immune protection to last at least that duration. >> so the idea of 2022, that's just how -- i mean, you've got that date really just by projecting out when enough people would develop what they call herd immunity? >> that's right. so what we -- what we took as -- and keep in mind that we're flattening the curve to try to reduce the pressure on the health care infrastructure. what we want to do is institute these social distancing measures when it looks like when had you project we would start to approach what the critical care infrastructure is, that -- the maximum there, and then we could turn it off as we're starting to see the curve go down. again, we had this kind of thermostat model where we would titrate to, again, trying to maintain our health care infrastructure. when we use that as our goal, we

end up projecting these multiple rounds of social distancing that takes us out to 2022. >> so when you say multiple rounds, what does the social distancing look like? is it sort of the current distance of stay at home, schools are closed six feet apart, wear masks outside, or are there varieties of it depending on certain circumstances? >> the in the scenarios that we modeled we used very effective social distancing so that would be the kind of whole hog effort that we're seeing now. it's certainly worth exploring the impact of alternatives for using other approaches or introducing new interventions, increasing the -- the critical care capacity of it our hospitals, developing new therapeutics that are very effective and putting into place contact tracing, quarantine and isolation. all of those could change those

scenarios. similarly if we learn that there are particular parts of the population that are more infected than we had been aware, that there's greater spread of the disease in the population so there is already much more immunity, that would also change these scenarios. >> well, it's really fascinating. professor, appreciate all that you're doing. thank you. >> thank you. >> up next, the lead researcher into a vaccine at the national institute of health joins me to discuss how close or far we are to having one. feel the clarity of non-drowsy children's claritin allergy relief. and relief from symptoms caused by over two hundred outdoor and indoor allergens. because to a kid, a grassy hill is irresistabale. children's claritin. feel the clarity and live claritin clear.

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>> earlier tonight i spoke with oregon governor kate brown about what needs to happen for states to reopen their economy. she mention mid, among other things, the growth rate in cases slowing and additional testing. it's a similar list to what her counterpart in california governor gap newsome mentioned and added there also needs to be herd immunity that we were talking about and also a vaccine. -mile-per-hour next guest is a lead researcher at the national institute of health workingin a vaccine and joining us as well is dr. sanjay gupta who will be asking you questions as well. miss corbett, first of all, can

you explain what our developing and where things stand right now with it. >> yeah, absolutely. so we're developing a vaccine for covid-19. it is based on several of our previous projects where we were investigating vanes efor mers and sars, coronaviruses which are very closely related to the virus that caused covid-19 so this vaccine incorporates the spike protein which is the protein that is on the surface of the virus, and that protein is the reason essentially why the virus is able to attach to a cell and then get into a cell and cause an infection. so from our perspective if we can incorporate that protein into our vaccine and essentially allow the body to create a response to that protein that may block an infection later, we've created a successful advantages eefnl t vaccine. the really interesting thing is we have a collaboration with moderna which uses genetic

material and we're using their platform to deliver our vaccine spike. >> that's fascinating. sanjay, i know you've got some questions. >> yeah. doctor, it thank you for being here and thank you for your work. people don't always realize vaccines can take a long time to make. there's vaccines that have taken years and years to make. i think with sars it took 20 months, if i remember correctly, just under two years to get into phase one trials. i think you may have just talked about this, but why -- it's happening a lot faster now i think, right? correct me if i'm wrong on that, and how is it happening so much faster? >> you know, there are several layers to our rapid response which is what we call it. most of it is based on work that we've done previously, so towards the goal of being prepared for a pandemic and ready to aim and shoot so to speak, we've researched coronavirus vaccine development for the last seven years, particularly under my direction the team has researched this

coronavirus development for five years, and so coming into the onset of this pandemic, we had an idea about what we wanted to do as far as the design of the vaccine. we already had our collaboration set in stone with moderna as we've been testing several other vaccine candidates, what you call pre-clinically or non-clinically, and so a lot of our work that we've done previously has essentially driven us into what we call a rapid response, and so, i mean, you probably are aware that we were able to go from getting the sequence online from the chinese government at the same time as the rest of the world, and essentially pushing for a vaccine to get into a human trial in 66 days. >> wow. >> and when you go -- what is the process, pardon my ignorance on this, you have a human trial. that's a phase one trial, is that right? >> yes. vaccine development is a very

long process, and as dr. gupta pointed out it is something that generally takes years and years to develop. here in this first phase we are testing the safety of the vaccine. that is just a simple question is the vaccine safe to use in people? and then there's a stepwide introduction of the vaccine to other points like does the vaccine work? does it create an immune response? does it protect people from infection, and those are second and third-phase studies that are to happen somewhat simultaneously but after getting data that is -- that allows us to move forward in that process, so overall our goal in the beginning was to go from sequence through to general population at best in 18 months. it's looking like we're on track for that. >> that's great. >> doctor, up more thing.

there's been all these reports recently about people maybe getting reactivated with the virus. there were some early reports about people getting reinfected. it the raises this issue of how protected is somebody after they get an infection? they build up antibodies. those are supposed to protect them, but if there's evidence that it's not protecting them, does that also make a vaccine less likely to work? >> you know, from where we sit in vaccine development it actually highlights the need for a vaccine so these respiratory viruses, covid-19's, sars cov2 is not alone in causing reinfections. every people get reinfected with a lot of viruses that cause the common cold. four of those viruses actually are cousins or akin to the sars cov virus that is novel and

circulating right now. so we know that respiratory viruses don't generally cause long-lasting immunity following natural infection, and that's actually one of the ways that the virus just really allows itself to continue to circulate and so to speak live amongst the human population, so, is you know, i saw that data and i wasn't surprised because this is something that we've studied quite a long time under the direction of my boss who is an expert in respiratory viruses, et cetera. the point of a vaccine is to do better than natural infection. the point of a vaccine is to essentially create and i mun response that is very potent so high-level immunity for an extended period of time. >> i know -- i'm sure you get this question from anybody you meet who finds out what you do. any idea when a vaccine, assuming that this vaccine works, when it might be >> yeah.

so we are targeting -- sorry, we're targeting fall for the emergency use. so that would be, you know, for health-care workers and people who might be in constant contact and at risk of being exposed over and over. and then for the general population, our target goal is for next spring, and that is if all things go well and if these phase one, phase two, and phase three clinical trials work time tan simultaneously for the good. >> for the fall you're saying it might be available, or your hope is if it works out in the clinical trials to have it available for emergency workers, first responders by the fall? >> yeah. and so all of these time lines -- i like the say, the universe helps us to decide. so we could be lucky and not even be under this level of stress and containment.

there might not be this level of exposure come fall. but if there is, there are mechanisms by which you can get a product approved for emergency use, and people who might be exposed constantly. >> wow, that's really fascinating. wow. well, thank you for all you're doing. i help this works. >> yeah, we do too. >> thank you so much. sanjay as well. up next, focus on front line health-care workers battling this pandemic am nurse sharing the toll this is taking on her and her coworkers when we continue.

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question certainly know the health-care workers on the front lines of the pandemic face enormous pressure every day. their job is necessary. it's making the difference between life and death and it's incredibly risky for them.

it's also emotionally draining. there can be lit toll no release of the emotion. here's an excerpt of some of what she said. >> i just feel like there's only so much anyone can take. i'm tired of walking into rooms and your patient's dead. you just walk into a room, there's a dead body in there. i just feel like people think just because we're a health-care worker that we -- it's so stressful. i wish people would just understand -- everyone is trying hard. we have emotions. right now is the time that we should all have compassion for

each other and try to at least acknowledge what the other person is going through. everyone's really concern about patie patients, and i completely understand -- who's going to take care of the patients. >> that nurse joins us now. thanks so much for being with us and for thaefrg you and so many others are doing to take care of the patients. what is it like? i mean, i know you and your colleagues are experiencing something that people who weren't working in a hospital setting or don't have owe loved one in a hospital setting don't understand in a time like this. what's it like every day? >> it's difficult. i'm sorry, i didn't know they were going play that. i didn't know they were going play the clip. i've never watched it. >> oh, i'm sorry. >> i actually went back on the

morning after doing that, i immediately -- i wake up at 4 5 4:45, i immediately went the erase that. but it would been shared some times. so i kept it up on my account. i never knew it would gain so much attention. so listening to that and listening to that to the voice and just knowing like what it was in that moment is a lot. so -- but i'm okay. it's difficult. it's difficult working in -- it's difficult just being in the health-care field in general. it's like going to war every day. especially with covid. but when you have patients and you have a trauma patient shot 26 times or a 23-year-old that jumps off a bridge and commits suicide, it's difficult.

daily we have stuff we go through. >> it seems for families, often because of the health considerations, they can't really be with their loved one, and that's -- that adds a whole other layer to what families are going through and patients are going through. >> absolutely. i can't imagine being -- the day that happened that's what happened. i walked to the room and my patient had expired. and i was like, wow. like -- he was by himself, you know? and it's just like no one -- like, there's no one around. there was no resuscitation order, so there would have been nothing done, but normally if i ever had a patient that was -- was expiring, i would always sit in their room with them just so they -- if they didn't have anything just so someone was there. >> my mom passed away this

summer and i was able to be there at the end and it makes a huge difference, for family members and also for the person who -- you know, who's breathing their last, i think to feel that. one of the things at the end you said on the video is that -- something i thought was important. you said we can all make it through this if we stick together. i think that's you such an important message, especially at a time when so many of us are physically distant from other people. >> yeah, we all have to stick together. we all have to stick together and do our part. that's the only way we're going to get through -- through this entire thing, for sure. >> danel, i really appreciate you talking with us and really appreciate all you're doing. it sounds like a small thing, but thank you. >> i really appreciate it. thank you so much. >> the news continues.