democratic national convention when it kicks off tomorrow evening. michelle obama will be speaking as well as bernie sanders. new york's governor andrew cuomo. our coverage begins at 8:00 p.m. eastern tomorrow night. thank you for being with us for 360. i'll see you tomorrow. i'm w. kamau bell. in this else of united shades of america, we're talking about recommend ragss and there's no better place to do it than new orleans. we went in 2019, months before the covid-19 pandemic spread across the united states and before the protests following the killing of george floyd in minneapolis. even without those events, you can clearly see the effects of enslave many and all that followed continues to put the black people of new orleans to succeed.

black folks are getting the covid-19 virus at a. higher rate than white folks. if you don't see how the killing of george floyd and the protests that followed are tied to reparations, you may need to go back and watch every single else of united shades of america. then you will see we are way past time for reparations. >> did she just get naked for beads? it's not even mardi gras. most people come to new orleans for this. weirdly colored drinks loaded with alcohol. this isn't the whole story of

new orleans. it is a big, vibrant city with a large story to tell. we'll talk about the parties. we're talking about reparations. you might want to mix yourself a stiff drink. ♪ as the race for 2020 starts to heat up, so is the debate over reparations for slavery. >> it's coming, everybody. chris knows it -- >> reparations for african-americans -- >> congress has the duty to do the right thing -- >> and a bunch of people who want to be president know it.

>> hive and well in every aspect -- >> time to start the national full blown conversation about reparations. >> i agree. >> of course, you do, bernie. okay, reparations aren't exactly coming yet but it looks like the united states is finally ready to have the discussion to talk about reparations. meaning that the united states would pay back black folks for all the free labor it got during slavery and all the damage done to the black community every day since. and there is no other place to have that conversation than new orleans. there's no city in the country that combines the best of america's blackness with the pain of manager's racism and the pain of watching white folks exercising all their rights. i've been coming to new orleans since i was a kid. i just vacationed with my family

here. i know this city and its history. as much as it's been identified as a party city, you can turn a corner and feel like you've walked smack dab into the antebellum south. don't believe me? just as i pulled into town, new orleans was hosting the re-enactment of a slavery rebellion. at least i think it was a re-enact many. they looked serious. it was in 1811 and i don't have to tell you, it was not successful. we all know slavery didn't end in 1811. the new york artist dread scott is the one who came one the idea. >> this is not a project about slavery. i don't want to dress up as a slave. i'm dressing up as a liberated person. >> i'm dressing up as person fighting for liberation. >> we came to pay homage to our an assess toward. >> as far as dressing up, it was that an easy decision to make? >> it was emotional. i feel like, what do i have to

cry about? they sacrificed. so for me. the least i can do is pay them back. singing the songs and chanting. >> how was the walk? >> exhausting but we made it. >> they didn't give up, so why should i? i was just walking. and all of a sudden, look. my tear ducts started filling up. what's going on? >> i've marched all over the city. you see a lot of people here. powerful stuff. i also had a white guy who i think was hired to help. even at the rebellion re-enactment, white people walk through the shot. even rere-enactment, white people --

>> hey, look. i really don't want to spend too much time on the reparations episode talking about slavery. if we're going to talk about it, let's to go someone who has recently changed the conversation. this is nicole hannah jones. new york times racial justice reporter and creator of the 1619 project. the 1619 project is named after the year when the first 20 to 30 enslaved africans arrived in virginia to find out how much worse things could get. an unvarnished look into the history of slavery told through pictures, poems and much more. >> it is an amazing thing about this country. the past matters only in the way we want the past to matter. i say it all the time. you can't say that the declaration of independence still matters or the constitution still matters but 1619 doesn't. but slavery doesn't. jim crow doesn't. we can't pick those parts of us that we think really define who we are as americans if they're

good. but ignore those things that also define us as americans if they're bad. thats the whole purpose of the 1619 project. not to tell a history but to answer that most common question that black people get, slavery was a long time ago. why don't you get over it? >> that's the thing. from the moment the emancipation proclamation, the 13 amendment, america was working to get black folks as close to slavery as possible. we can't just do it flat out but we can put them in jail and take away their rights to vote and still have to pay them a living wage. yes, you can learn to read but we can make your schools so bad so you won't learn at the same rate. >> yeah. we can ensure your book doesn't have a teacher or a book. you have the right to read. just not the ability to be taught to read. so many things in modern life can be traced back to slavery. we cannot be liberated from it

if we don't acknowledge the role that it plays right now. to me, reparations has to be three pronged. recommitment to strong enforcement of civil rights laws. you go get this economic payment but we know black people still face discrimination in every aspect of society. the housing margaret, the job market, criminal justice. and then i think there needs to be a really large investment of resources into the black communities that have had that wealth extracted and have been denied the ability to live like other americans. and i think anyone arguing for reparations that is not arguing for a cash payment is basically as racist. >> i like that. >> i thought you were going to soft pedal something. >> no. it's only when it comes the black folks that we're so concerned how people will spin. >> if they can spend it

responsibly. >> i say this jokingly. if i want to spent my recommend ragss on all gooxucci, that's m right. >> we're very suspicious of that. if you hurt me in my car -- >> you made me suffer money. and that may be way bigger than the actual money owed. we get that in everything except -- >> racism makes you illogical. so all of these concepts of law and morality that we understand, everywhere else, when it comes the black folks, oh, hell no, i don't get it. what will money do? why should i have to pay you? i never owned slaves. you didn't have to. if the government, if you can inherit wealth, which we all understand, then you also inhear it debt. (vo) with t-mobile for business,

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all the damage hurricane katrina has already caused and more -- >> you know the story. in 2005, hurricane katrina was responsible for almost 2,000 deaths and an estimate $161 billion in damage across the gulf coast. mostly in southeastern louisiana and coastal mississippi. >> the largest national disaster in american history. >> some of you are thinking, katrina? i thought this was about slavery reparations. >> well, the government's lackluster response after katrina is still about

reparations. and it was definitely lack luster. no matter what bush said about female. >> brownie, you're doing a heck of a job. >> even though the seventh ward which at the time was a black working class neighborhood, might not be the first area you think of when you think of katrina, it has a katrina story to tell. this is the activist who grew up here. >> yeah. i deal with stuff like this. >> you'll forgive him if he doesn't seem all that impressed with me. he's done it before with better company. most notably, with spike lee in his film, when the levies broke. >> i like interviewing here because the new orleans you see now is not the new orleans i grew up in. if you look at this area here, prior to katrina, this whole area was a public housing development. >> all of this was public house.

>> when the storm came, we got very little water. but they declared a national emergency. came with guns and state police and they're lining buss on the interstate as far as the eye can see. told you to get on the bus. you didn't even know where you was going. so they put all the poor people out. >> and many of those people found out they wouldn't ever be able to go back home because the city tore down their affordable housing and did not rebuild it. >> it age right. >> what is this now? >> that's private now. >> did you feel live back there? >> you can live back there if you have money. the government said they wanted new orleans to be more anoon. and the way to do that was, to

get rid of poor people. >> now with 100,000 fewer black people live in the city than in 2000. >> people think katrina was a national disaster. katrina was a national man made disaster. it was a natural event that men turned into a disaster. >> the seventh ward evacuation and the tearing down of the public housing in an area that barely got any water was an effort to push black people out of neighborhood is not the official line of local government. what? >> today we made a unified decision to move forward every citizen has a right to return to the city. >> unified? i'm pretty sure a lot of new orleans go folk wouldn't describe it as unified. when they wanted to go hole, their home was gone and the city wouldn't build new ones.

unified. >> so you can see it through the response of katrina. to me, the link to slavery is so clear here. >> it's a good modern example of how ruthless people with money and power can be when it comes down to making sure they stay on top and we stay on the bottom. >> what is this? >> that's my elementary school i went to. >> yeah, you're pointing at something totally empty. what's that? that's where i used to go to school. >> and now it's nothing. >> now it's nothing. >> when was it torn down? >> after katrina. >> when you take down all that housing, no more kids to go here. >> everything was anchored by

public housing. so you want to change the scope of new orleans, the first thing is to get rid of poor people. so when they tore down public housing, they made the first step toward redefining the whole he essence of new orleans. >> if i was to give you the power to repair all this, whatever magic you need, the reparations wand, what would you do? >> i think the debt to black folk is so high. we would break america. they wrote out a check. >> insufficient funds. >> yeah. when we talk about the concepts of recommeparations, then we ha talk about how we'll go after reparations. it has to be more than us asking the congress. us trying to go through the

courts. you have to build a people's movement that's so powerful, you shape the roots of america. people say they want you to be peaceful and nonviolent. i might be nonviolent but i age gonna be peaceful. you can forget about that. peace is a weapon of those in power. we've got to take everything we want. so i'm going to stop here because i'm drooling. >> you all enjoy yourself. >> are you good? prudential helps 1 in 7 americans with their financial needs. that's over 25 million people. with over 90 years of investment experience, our thousands of financial professionals can help with secure video chat or on the phone. we make it easy for you with online tools, e-signatures, and no-medical-exam life insurance. plan for better days. go to prudential.com or talk to an advisor.

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to share with the world? get published now, call for your free publisher kit today! every black neighborhood had or has a store like this. a hub for activism and a place to talk. >> there is a lot of angst, a lot of anger, a lot of hurt. not just financial but a lot of folks, especially elders, that passed after the storm. people say, well, that's heart break. i really believe it was exacerbated by the situation. >> the lack of response. >> we're adjusting to new orleans. >> i see you over there listening. ear hustling. >> that's my spot. >> if you will step into this.

>> all of this is affectinging, not just the physical body but the spiritual body. that's why coming here matters. we have some of the most amazing conversations here. this is my other side. >> okay. kamau. how are you doing? oh, thank you very much. thank you, thank you. if anyone wants to join us at the table, what is your role here? >> you know what? i haven't the foggiest idea. what is my role? >> yeah, that's it. >> this is a classic black book store conversation. fast moving. dropping knowledge and pre tense. whether you can keep up or not, believe me, it is all about reparations. that's pretty much what every store like the is. >> this is a poor state, a slave state. >> i've heard that said. it is a slave state. not was a slave state. >> yes. very clear present tense.

>> look at the. at a situation, the gentryification. when people move in, they change the tax base so people can't faye new taxes so they have to leave their community that they've been a part of for generations. >> and then people that i was so used to seeing in the streets, at the grocery store, where you been? and they say i couldn't afford my house anymore. >> some neighborhoods are currently seeing up to 300% increases in property value. many long time residents can't afford the taxes that come with this increase so they're forced to sell and move. just another way that lower income people get pushed out of neighborhoods they've lived in for generations. so if i give you the magic reparation wand and you can wave it and make it all happen, what do you do in. >> build my community more. i would love to have more mom and pop. >> it is like you want

reparations to repair the black communities to where they were. every black nablgd had its own down section with black owned business that's served the community. >> this is conversation version of a new orleans jazz jam session. people come and go, the conversation changes but the music keeps going. >> when black folk had communities and they were thriving, policies and programs were implemented so that was destroyed. so our come possibly of it has to include policies and procedures and equitable or fair treatment. in order to get tom, everybody has to sit at the table. black, white, yellow, brown, woman, man -- >> is that a chair being pulled out? >> when you put that together, everybody there, black people, white people. do we have to put the orange guy at the table?

>> for me he has to be there. that's why we have the space. so we can discuss that. >> i would invest toward eliminating the current school system that has 100% charter schools. >> all the public schools are charter schools? >> every last one of them and that's by design. >> who lou's recovery school district, r.s.d., was created after hurricane katrina and tasked across the state. their solution, close down every traditional public school and replace them with public charter schools. today, 100% of the new orleans public school students to go charter schools and they're often a long commute away from home. what in the name of john oliver is happening! >> and the other weak know of not having neighborhood schools. children get up at 5:30, 6:00 in the morning, to be at the bus

stop to get to school that starts at 8:00. if the butt doesn't pick them up, the parent has to find a way to get them to school. if they don't, they've been displaced out of the education process. >> as a child, i walked to school. i passed all the neighborhood businesses. the corner grocery stores, the barber shop, the pharmacy, all of these places were owned and operated by people that looked like me. so my role models for entrepreneurship was rooted right there in my own community. >> children don't have a sense of place anymore. >> believe me, we would all be in a better place. move the white house to a

community black center. mama jenning 2020. >> i should be have to tell you who this is. branford is a grammy award winning jazz musician. his family is new orleans royalty. no matter how successful they get, they always come back to new orleans. when katrina hit, he and other musicians didn't wait. they saw the ninth ward under water and got to work. >> harry connick and i got together with habitat for humanity and decided to use this particular neighborhood to build a lot of homes. >> it's going to be about 70 houses. about ten elder friendly duplex apartments. we use it as a home for musicians. it is hard to get a house when you are living in the gig economy. >> by gig economy, he means the old school gig economy. musicians playing gigs. the heart of the village is the

central for music. >> i'm proud that the school serves the community. everybody. he's one kid in there with down syndrome. and i have an autistic brother so it is great that there is a place they can go. >> a place for the community. >> that's beautiful. >> and we're not trying to train musicians here. we're trying to use the discipline of music to help these kids get a grasp on understanding general concepts to succeed in whatever they want to do. >> he also has diy approach to reparations. >> we can spent our time protesting the law or work to nullify the law. all of these states are fearful of minority votes now. shutting down polling stations and creating all these onerous situations. >> this goes back to what me and

nicole were talking about. when black folks were enslaved, we weren't allowed to vote. as soon as we were not enslaved, the united states stopped us from voting from literacy tests to gutting the voting rights act in 2013 and more. >> they realize in the north carolina, the majority of black citizens vote after church on sundays. so they made, first it was, well, early voting except on sundays. they're trying to win, man. they're '68 to death. >> you said you believe in act. instead of spending time talking about maybe thinking about the reparations thing, just get out and do something. >> i believe in that. >> bravo! encore! encore! >> what else did we clear?

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i couldn't think about talking about the current discussion of reparations without talking about the group american descendants of slavery or ados. much of what i've seen online has come from their #. ados isn't trying to have a

kumbaya discussion. >> can individual experience of racism in this country is not the same. i don't want to see another black face in the white house. specially if you're not advocating for me. they're killing us anyway. and you want my vote? oh, honey, no. >> i haven't been this unsure in an interview since, well, there is been a lot. when we first started putting this show together, your name came up. when we talk about reparations, not all black people think the same. >> i always say, we're not on the same thing about what we think about reparations. i think you have to decide who is in and who is out. you have to decide, who is included when you do reparations. that is the people who bear the cost. the descendants of child slaves. shavory in this country. so there has to be some economic redistribution to american

descendants of slavery. that got me in trouble. you have to decide. >> if you're somebody whose family emigrated from the caribbean in 1900, you've been here 120 years. on some level, you've experienced america's policies against american descendants of slaves even if your family did not participate. i feel like, your race has been determined by what the police think you are when they pull you over. >> it's not just about experiencing racism. it is about who built the country and who has been bottom casted. there wouldn't be an american without slaves and we are the descendants without slaves. it is reparations that is the american descendants of slavery. >> they've drawn a lot of criticism. they've been called out for online harass many by many people including msnbc's joe reid. and members of the group have

been accused of publicly disclosing personal information. >> ados is a very confrontational, we invited people on the show. if yvette is there, i can't be there. >> oh! >> and i'm like, wait, should i be there? there is a sense of, if people are not down with ados, especially black people, then they might come for you. >> why not be down with us? >> i'm laughing because it sounds like an offer you can't refuse. >> it's not like we're a radical group. it is not just reparations. why wouldn't you be down with us? >> it includes being anti-immigrant. >> i get it. that's not something you've heard before. >> we've seen immigration studies. they say immigrants don't mack american employees. then you will see one and it will say except for those people who don't have degrees and it

will say a lot of those people are black men. unskilled. well, they'll couldn't seed that it does impact. the only thing we've said is we have to get serious about what this country should look like, how it should impact communities. which is our community. black men is our community. so we have said that you have to have a serious conversation about that. you can't just say i want open borders and everybody gets to come. countries have borders. it is just what it is. you have to have an adult conversation about that. >> what is ados' plan or outlook for recommend ragss in. >> first we have to rewrite hr 40 anding who with it money. >> starting in 1989, congressman john coniers junior would reintroduce legislation seeking to establish a commission to study reparations. after he left dog congress, representative sheila jackson lee took over saying, can we talk about reparations?

so far the answer from america has been, no. >> you can come one a bill for everything else. nobody has any trouble talking about how many billions for medicare for all. so you have to come to me with the same plans you come to everybody else with. with a budget. i think this election year is a good way to hold candidates accountable. >> a lot of the critique has been, ados is telling black people not to vote. if black people don't vote, we end up with four more years of trump. >> if everybody has to live with it another four years because we don't come out in drove who's won't do anything specifically for us, that's not our fault. trump is not my reparations. we haven't encouraged anybody to stay the a home but we have encouraged vote the down ballot. the top of the ticket gets no love unless you come to us and say we have a reparations plan which includes financial outlays of money. we have a budget attached to this. that's what we're pushing for.

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we do reparations -- slow down. yes, we have. after world war ii, congress came one the indian claims commission. its goal was to pay exhibition to federally recognized tribes whose lands had been taken by the u.s. government. according to the "new york times," the government paid out about 1.3 billion. that came to less than $1,000 for each indigenous person. not good. in 2015 the city of chicago gave $5.5 million in what it called reparations to 57 people. most of them black. who had been victims and tortured by the chicago police department. in 1990 japanese americans for internment camps in world war ii for no good reason were awarded $20,000 each in reparations. more than 80,000 people clald them for a total of $1.6 billion. so my awkward question is, if formerly interned african-americans got that, how

much should black folks get for 1619 until right now in this episode is about reparations and the u.s.' debt to african-americans. i need somebody who can speak to hard cold facts. can also talk about systemic oppression. maybe even come up with a culture that has dealt with that. i said we need a german. >> we have our baggage. >> reporter: thomas kramer is a professor of public policy at the university of couldn't could not. he investigates the psychology of race. >> i was always interested about race relations and racial attitudes, merely because of growing up in germany and learning about the holocaust in every school subject. >> what kind of payments were holocaust survivors given? >> the reparations between west germany and israel had multiple components. some were to the state of israel for rehousing refugees after the war.

and it was also helping the israeli economy to get restarted. germany would pass reparations to individual survivors of the holocaust. it was a symbol that germany meant what it was saying. that it was trying to change its ways. even though only symbolically because no pension can make up for your entire family being wiped out and your own suffering. >> with all that knowledge, he has a pretty different view of american history than most white americans. >> when i first came to the united states, i immediately felt responsible for slavery as well as a white american for the simple reason that slave labor laid the groundwork for the great american economic successful and i benefit from that success. >> okay. you've heard a lot of talk so far. ultimately, reparations is about a number. how much money does the united states of america owe black folks? sit down.

it's a big number. >> using the closest i could finds to an estimate, what a slave would have charged at the time for one hour of work. that's like 11 cents an hour. some crazy -- talking about minimum wages. >> he then firgds out how many hours all african-americans, men, women, and yes, children, worked in the united states until 1865 when slavery was officially abolished. he multipled the time they worked by 11 cents an hour and then a xounling interest rate of 3% per year to make up for inflation. >> you get a whopping number. $19 trillion. roughly the size of one year's worth of the u.s. gdp. a huge number. and very conservative. >> it's a big number. but remember, that just gets us to the end of slavery. reparations is also about all the awful things the u.s. did to black folks after slavery. while this is a huge sounding

number, it is the time of huge number the united states deals in. and the united states has actually already given reparations for slavery. yep! >> when sleiavery was abolished america paid like $300 per slave. i'm sure that was a substantial amount of money at the time. and it just boggles the mind that was actually done. we actually paid up. >> our slavery reparations went to the owners. >> hold on while i scream into a pillow. the fire department has been called to rescue an american flag that has fallen at a school

here in new orleans. there is some sort of metaphor or some sort of fork tale emb embedded in there. i'm not sure what it is. actually out of respect for kaepernick, i should. "united shades of america," brought to you by voltaren, the joy of movement. not the doubts, distractions, or voice in my head. and certainly not arthritis. new voltaren provides powerful arthritis pain relief to help me keep moving. and it can help you too. feel the joy of movement with voltaren.

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in 1838, 272 enslaved africans were sold by the jess wits from plantations in maryland in order to save georgetown university from financial ruin. today i'm visiting a descendant of the 272 enslaved africans sold to free georgetown. she regularly hosts gathering at her house to foster connections between the extended family. >> hi. >> hi, sheryl. >> nice to meet you. >> i'm not even in yet.

>> this is our cousin. the man of the house. and our cousin peaches. >> okay, okay. >> we got two more cousins over here. >> hate to interrupt. >> nice to meet you. >> we're going to cook some grits in the thing. i hope you're hungry. >> i am. i am. so they're cheese grits. i'm in heaven. and it's heart healthy, right? >> saturdays don't count. so thank you guys for coming. y'all want to say a little grace? father, we come to you with heads bowed and hearts humbled, thank you for this fellowship lord, for allowing us to come together in jesus. amen. >> okay. karen, this looks like you put

your foot in it. >> i put both feet in it. >> who doesn't know? do you keep up with him? >> well, yeah. because we've been best friends since '71. >> so you never met until today? >> right. it's our first time. >> so nobody here knows each other. >> no. we all know karen. >> okay. >> if that helps. >> well, i know karen because i met her about ten minutes ago. so we all in the same spot. >> i believe that probably everybody in the room here has some kind of connection. >> these family trees are pretty naughty. >> they're tangled roots, you know. because the descendants of those ancestors run deep in louisiana and some of the cousins in maryland didn't know anything about the migration, forced migration to louisiana. and they started doing dna tests. sheryl is from maryland.

wasn't it you who said you saw this group of people you were related to in louisiana and you didn't know how or why? >> exactly. when i had the dna done, i had the dots in d.c., maryland and virginia. i got that. i understood that. but then there were dots here in louisiana. i was like, well, how did they get down there. and then when they made the connection to georgetown university and how all that took place because i had gone to georgetown university and had i known sitting in those classrooms the connection and that the doors were still open because my relatives had been sold and it was just surreal. i'm going to always feel some kind of way about that. >> in 2019, an effort led by students at georgetown university resulted in the school commander raising

$400,000 annually for the des descendents of the 272. they wanted to be included in the conversation about how this money should be used. >> i thought, well, we got to do something. we created the descendents declaration. we go there for their announcement. they do their really beautiful presentation. >> we must acknowledge that georgetown university participated in the institution of slavery. [ applause ] >> and then they pass around the mic for q & a. >> they shouldn't have done that. >> so instead of just sitting there and asking the questions, we all stood up and went to the front of the auditorium and i then i read the declaration. >> from the legacy of slavery. >> people thought we were part of the program, but we just kind of made ourselves a part of the program because that's our house. >> yeah. >> you know? that's our house. >> that's the issue of black

folks in this country. we got to make ourselves a part of the program. >> again, even this group, which is bonded by a lot, has different ideas on what reparations should be. am i instagram live right now? >> i don't do any social media at all. >> she'll give it to you, too. >> okay. >> that's funny. that is too funny. >> i think that a lot of time, money, interest and support needs to be put into the medical arena for black people. so we can have more doctors to go to moving forward. and thank you. >> there you go. >> the prison system is just modern day slavery. like we seriously have to address that. it's like the whole system has to be re-evaluated and

redesigned for equity. >> i don't think we will ever be able to move forward until we can educate people why this is their responsibility even though it happened way before they existed. we will never be a successful country, really successful until we both can look at the problem and see that there is some damage that has been reparable. maybe we can never repair. but at least we have to try. >> so what should reparations look like? the answer is yes, all of it. better schools, better housing, better protections under the law. gucchi grants, granting us the same privileges as your average white tourist on bourbon.

you right now, if you are afraid of the conversation, don't be scared. sit down. it's time to visit. we've got a seat for you at the table, right next to the orange guy. that seat is always open. snail mail, the president rails against mail-in voting. >> it will end up being fraudulent. >> raising fears about a free and fair election. is the u.s. postal service slowing its work down ahead of the votes? i'll speak to white house chief of staff mark meadows next. and losing ground? a republican senator talks about america's coronavirus response as top health officials warn of a possible surge this fall. is the country any