♪ and welcome. we are live in milwaukee, wisconsin. this is a cnn presidential town hall, the first with president joe biden. i'm anderson cooper. 500,000 fellow citizens, have died from covid-19, millions out of work and a nation dangerously

divided. tonight, we will answer questions from the american people. the president will answer questions from the american people on his first official trip since taking office. some of the questioners here voted for him. some did not. the president and i will not be wearing masks on this stage. he has been vaccinated. over the last several weeks, i repeatedly tested negative for coronavirus, as early as yesterday and this morning, as well. we will be keeping our distance from one another and the audience is limited, socially distanced and all wearing masks when they're seated. with that, i want to welcome the 46th president of the united states, president joe biden. [ applause ] >> how are you, sir? >> hey, folks. how are you? good to be back, man. >> it's nice to see you, sir. >> and you know you enjoy being home with the baby more. >> i do, yes. he's 9 1/2 months so i'm very happy. >> no, no, everybody knows i like kids better than people. >> i saw a picture of you with

your grandson recently. >> that's right. >> we've got a lot of questions in the audience. we have about 50 or so people here, they're all socially distanced. we have some folks who voted for you and some folks who did not. we want to get in as many questions as possible. before we get to that, i want to start with a couple of big picture questions about the pandemic and where we are right now. >> sure. >> new cases of covid-19, hospitalizations have fallen by half this last month, so have new cases. there's this potential threat, potential surge from the variants coming down the pike potentially. when is every american who wants it going to be able to get a vaccine? >> by the end of july this year. we have -- we came into office, there was only 50 million doses that were available. by the end of july we'll have over 600 million doses, enough to vaccinate every single american. >> when you say -- [ applause ]

when you say by the end of july, do you mean that they will be available? or that people will have been able to actually get them? because dr. fauci -- >> they'll be available. >> they'll be available. >> be available. here, look, what we did, we got into office and found out the supply, there was no backlog -- i mean, there was nothing in the refrigerator figuratively and literally speaking, and there are 10 million doses a day that were available. we've upped that in the first three weeks that we were in office to significantly more than that. we've moved out, went to the pfizer and moderna and said can you produce more vaccine and more rapidly? they not only agreed to go from 200 to 400, then they've agreed to go to 600 million doses. and we got them to move up the time because we used the national defense act to be able to help the manufacturing piece of it to get more equipment and so on.

>> so if end of april -- excuse me, end of july they're available to actually get them in the arms of people who want them, that will take, what, a couple more months? >> well, no, a lot will be vaccinated in the meantime. there's just not all of a sudden 600 million doses are going to appear. what's going to happen is it's going to continue to increase as we move along, and we'll have reached 400 million by the end of may and 600 million by the end of -- by the end of july, and the biggest thing, though, as you remember, when you and i -- i shouldn't say it that way as you remember, we talked about it's one thing about the vaccine, that we didn't have when we came into office, but a vaccinator. how do you get it into someone's arm? you need the needle, you need the mechanisms to be able to get it in. you have to have people who can inject it into people's arms. >> that's been a problem, just getting enough people. >> now we have made significant strides increasing the number of

vaccinators. i issued an executive order allowing former retired docs and nurses to do it. we have over a thousand military personnel. the cdc -- excuse me, the -- we have gotten the national guard engaged. so we have significant number of vaccinators, people to actually be there. plus, we've opened up a considerable number of locations where you can get the vaccination. >> i want to introduce you to a mechanical engineer for a vehicle company. what's your question? >> welcome to waukee. >> how you doing? >> good. my question is regarding education, considering the hybrid and virtual school instruction have been in place for nearly a year now, what is the plan and recommendation to get students back into the brick and mortar buildings? as a parent of four children i find it imperative they get back to school as safely as possible. >> my mother would say god bless you, son.

no purgatory for you, four kids at home. i mean it. the loss of being able to be in school is having a significant impact on the children and parents, as well. what we found out is there are certain things that make it rational and easy to go back to the brick and mortar building. one, first of all, making sure everybody is wearing protective gear. it's available to students as well as to teachers, the janitors, the people who work in the cafeteria, the bus drivers. secondly, organizing in smaller pods, which means that's why we need more teachers. instead of a classroom of 30 kids in it, you have three classes of ten kids each. i'm making the number up, less, doesn't have to be literally ten. in addition to that, we also have indicated that it is much better and it's much easier to send kids "k" through 8 back because they are less likely to communicate the disease to somebody else.

but because kids in sophomores, juniors and seniors in high school, they socialize a lot more, and they're older and they transmit more than young kids do, it's harder to get those schools open without having everything from the ventilation systems and having, for example, school bus drivers, you know. we got to make sure that you don't have 60 kids or however many, depending on the size of the school bus, sitting two abreast in every single seat. and so there's a lot of things we can do short of -- and i think that we should be vaccinating teachers. we should move them up in the hierarchy as well. >> well, let me ask you, your administration had set a goal to open the majority of schools in your first 100 days. you're now saying that means those schools may only be open for at least one day a week --

>> no, that's not true. that's what was reported. that's not true. it was a mistake in the communication, but what i'm talking about is i said opening the majority of schools in k through 8th grade because they're the easiest to open, the most needed to be open in terms of the impact on children and families having to stay home. >> so when do you think that would be k through 8 at least five days a week if possible? >> i think we'll be close to that at the end of the first 100 days. we have a significant percentage of them being able to be opened. my guess is they're going to probably be pushing to open all summer, to continue like it's a different semester. >> do you think that would be five days a week or just a couple -- >> i think many of them five days a week. the goal will be five days a week. now, it's going to be harder to open up the high schools for the reasons i said, just like if you notice the contagion factor in colleges is much higher than it is in high schools or grade schools. >> i want you to meet -- this is justin, he's a high school

teacher from milwaukee. he's a democrat. justin, thanks for being with us. what's your question? >> what do you teach? >> i teach english, high school english. >> that's what my wife teaches. god bless you. >> thank you mr. president. so when's your transition to in person learning, while there are numerous warnings not to be in large groups or have dinner parties, why is it okay to put students and teachers in close proximity to each other for an entire day day after day? with large class sizes and outdated ventilation systems, how and when do you suppose this will occur? and do you believe all staff should be vaccinated before doing so? >> number one, nobody is suggesting including the cdc in its recent report that you have large classes, congested classes. it's smaller classes, more ventilation, making sure that everybody has masks and is socially distanced, meaning you have less -- fewer students in one room, making sure that everyone from the sanitation

workers who work in the lavatories and the bathrooms and doing the maintenance, that they are in fact able to be protected as well. making sure you're in a situation where you don't have the congregation of a lot of people, as i said, including the school bus, including getting on a school bus. so it's about needing to be able to socially distance, smaller classes, more protection, and i think the teachers and the folks who work in the school, the cafeteria workers and others should be on the list of preferred to get a vaccination. >> i want to introduce you to kari, an independent from oak creek. kari, welcome, go ahead. >> kari, how are you? >> very good, thank you. >> our 19-year-old son was diagnosed with pediatrics copd at the age of 14. we're told he has the lungs of a 60-year-old. he does all he can to protect himself.

last month he even removed himself from the campus of u.w. madison as he feels it's safer and he has less exposure here at home. we've tried all we can to get him a vaccine. i hear of others who are less vulnerable getting it based on far less. do you have a plan to vaccinate those who are most vulnerable sooner to give them a priority? >> well, the answer is yes, there are. but here's how it works. the states make the decisions on who is in what order. i can make recommendations, and for federal programs, i can do that as president of the united states. but i can't tell the state you must move such and such a group of people up. but here's what i'd like to do, if you're willing i'll stay around after this is over and maybe we can talk a few minutes and see if i can get you some help. [ applause ] >> let me just ask you, though. johnson & johnson could be authorized a new vaccine from them could be authorized in a couple of weeks. that would be a big deal. >> yes, it would.

>> bringing a lot more vaccines on, millions of more doses to the supply. once that happens, given the urgency of these variants and the potential threat, should states stop giving priority to certain groups and start opening vaccine access for everybody? >> it depends on how much they have available. i think there still should be priority groups in case there are not enough for everyone, available to everybody. and look, we don't know for certain -- let me tell you what my national covid team has said that the variants, by variants, you mean the brazilian strain, the south african strain, the british strain, london, et cetera. thus far, thus far, there is no evidence that the existing vaccinations available from moderna and pfizer do not either make sure that they apply, they work as well against the strain in the united states and there

is no evidence that they're not helpful, so if you can get a vaccination, get it whenever you can get it regardless of the other strains that are out there. there are studies going on to determine it's not only more communicable but do the vaccines not provide helpful protection by getting the vaccine. there are some speculation -- i shouldn't -- i got to be very careful here because millions of people are watching this. it may be that a certain vaccination for a certain strain may reduce from 95% to a lower percentage of certainty that it will keep you from getting -- >> it may not be as effective as -- >> that may not be as effective. >> against a variant but it would still be effective. >> still be effective. so the clear notion is if you're eligible, if it's available, get the vaccine. get the vaccine.

>> i want you to meet -- this is desi levy, a democrat from milwaukee, a registered nurse, former academic dean, she's also currently the director of a faith-based nonprofit. >> if there's any angels in heaven, they're all nurses, male and female. doctors let you live, nurses make you want to live. i can tell you as a consumer of health care in my family. you're wonderful. thank you for what you do. >> god bless you. mr. president, hello. my name is dr. dessie levy. my question to you is considering covid-19 and its significant impact on black americans, especially here in milwaukee and thus the exacerbation of our racial disparities in health care we have seen less than 3% of blacks and less than 5% of hispanics given the total number of vaccines that have been administered to this point. is this a priority for the biden administration, and how will the

disparities be addressed? and that's both locally and nationally. >> well, first of all, it is a priority, number one. number two, there's two reasons for it being the way it is. number one, there is some history of blacks being used as guinea pigs in other experiments, as i need not tell you, doctor, over the last 50 to 75, 100 years in america. so there's a concern about getting the vaccine whether it's available or not. but the biggest part of it is access, physical access. that's why last week i opened up -- i met with the black caucus in the united states congress and agreed that i would -- all of the community health centers now, which take care of the toughest of the toughest neighborhoods in terms of illness, they are going to get a million doses, you know, a

week is how we're going to move forward because they're in the neighborhood. secondly, we have opened up and i'm making sure that there's doses of vaccine for over 6,700 pharmacies because almost everyone lives within not always walking distance, but within the distance of being able to go to the pharmacy like when you got your flu shot. that is also now being opened. thirdly, i also am providing for mobile vans, mobile units to go into neighborhoods that are hard to get to because people are -- for example, even though everyone is within, you know, basically five miles of a walgreen's, let's say, the fact is if you're 70 years old, you don't have a vehicle and you live in a tough neighborhood, meaning it's a high

concentration of covid, you're not likely to be able to walk five miles to go get a vaccine. the other thing we found is -- i'm sorry to go on, but this is really important to me -- the other portion is a lot of people don't know how to register. not everybody in the community, in the hispanic and the african-american community, particularly in rural areas that are distant and/or inner city districts know how to use -- know how to get online to determine how to get in line for that covid vaccination at the walgreen's or at the particular store. so we're also -- i've committed to spend a billion dollars on public education to help people figure out how they can get in there. we're also trying to set up mass vaccination centers like places in stadiums and the like. >> are you concerned about the rollout of this online?

because it has been incredibly confusing for a lot of people, not just, you know, older people. it's younger people just trying to find a place to get a vaccine. >> yes. and i have because look at what we inherited. we inherited a circumstance here where, now for the first -- we did a lot in the first two weeks, a circumstance where, number one, there weren't many vaccinators. you didn't know where you could go get a vaccine administered to you because there was no one to put it in your arm, number one. number two, there was very little federal guidance as of what to look for, how to find out where, in fact, you could go. you can go online and every single state now has a slightly different mechanism by which they say who's qualified, where you can get the vaccines and so on. so it's all about trying to more rationalize in detail so ordinary people like me can understand, i mean that

sincerely. my grandchildren can use that online, you know, make me look like i'm, you know, the seventh century, but all kidding aside. this is a process. it's going to take time. think of what we didn't do and you and i talked about this during the campaign, we didn't do from the time it hit the united states. you're going to inject something in your arm. it's going to go away. you're going to be done by easter. we wasted so much time, so much time. >> another question about vaccines, this is jessica salas, she's an independent from milwaukee, a graphic designer. jessica, welcome. >> thank you. as we've been talking about the coronavirus is very real and very scary, and it's especially scary for children who may or may not understand. my children leyla 8 here and my son mateo 7 at home often ask if they will catch covid and if they do will they die. they are watching as others get the vaccine, and they would like

to know when will kids be able to get the vaccine? >> well, first of all, honey, what's your first name? >> leyla. >> leyla, beautiful name. first of all, kids don't get covid very often. it's unusual for that to happen. they don't -- the evidence so far is children aren't the people most likely to get covid, number one. number two, we haven't even done tests yet on children as to whether or not the certain vaccines would work or not work or what is needed. so you're the safest group of people in the whole world, number one. number two, you're not likely to be able to be exposed to something and spread it to mommy or daddy, and it's not likely mommy and daddy are able to spread it to you either. so i wouldn't worry about it, baby. i promise you. but i know it's kind of worrisome. are you in first grade? second grade? >> second.

>> oh, you're getting old. second grade. well, has your school -- have you been in school, honey? >> no. >> see, that's kind of a scary thing, too. you don't get to go to school, you don't get to see your friends, and so what a lot of kids and big people, too, older people, they just -- their whole lives have sort of changed like when it used to. it used to be you just go outside and play with your friends and get in the school bus and go to school, and everything was normal, and now when things change people get really worried and scared, but don't be scared, honey. don't be scared. you're going to be fine, and we're going to make sure mommy's fine, too. [ applause ] >> you know, let me ask you -- let me ask you, just for folks who are watching out there, there are a lot of people who are scared, and there's a lot of people who are hurting.

when do you think this pandemic is -- i mean, when are we -- when's it going to be done? when are we going to get back to normal? >> well, you know, all the experts, all the committee that i put together of the leading researchers in the world in the united states are on this committee of mine, headed by dr. fauci and others, they tell me be careful not to predict things that you don't know for certain what's going to happen because then you'll be held accountable. i get that, but let me tell you what i think based on all that i've learned and all that i've studied and all that i think that i know. it's fairly -- it's a high probability that the vaccinations that are available today and the new one, johnson & johnson god willing will prove to be useful, that with those vaccinations, the ability to continue to spread the disease is going to diminish

considerably because of they call herd immunity, and now they're saying somewhere around 70% of the people have to constitute, some people said 50, 60, but a significant number have to be in a position where they are -- they have been vaccinated and/or they've been through it or -- >> have antibodies. >> -- have antibodies. so if that works that way, as my mother would say with the grace of god and the goodwill of the neighbors, that by next christmas i think we'll be in a very different circumstance god willing, than we are today. i think a year from now when it's 22 below zero here -- no, a year from now, i think that there will be significantly

fewer people having to be socially distanced, have to wear a mask, but we don't know. so i don't want to over promise anything here. i told you when i ran and when i got elected, i will always level with you. to use franklin roosevelt's example, i'll shoot you, give it straight from the shoulder, straight from the shoulder what i know and what i don't know. we don't know for certain, but it is highly unlikely that by the beginning of next year school, traditional school year in september we are not significantly better off than we are today. but it matters. it matters whether you continue to wear that mask. it matters whether you continue to socially distance. it matters whether you wash your hands with hot water. those things matter. they matter. and that can save a lot of lives while we're getting to this point we get to herd immunity. [ applause ] >> you've made passing covid relief bill the focus of your

first 100 days. those on the right say the proposal is too big. some on the left say it's not big enough. are you committed to passing $1.9 trillion or is that final number still up for negotiation? >> i'm committed to pass -- look, here's -- some of you are probably economists or college professors or you're teaching in school, this is the first time in my career -- and as you can tell, i'm over 30 -- the first time in my career that there is a consensus among economists left, right, and center that is over -- and including the imf and in europe that overwhelming consensus is in order to grow the economy a year, two, three, and four down the line we can't spend too much. now is the time we should be spending. now is the time to go big. you may recall i managed the

last experiment we had with stimulus, and it was 800 -- >> i don't mean it that way, but it was $800 billion. we thought we needed more than that, and we think we did. we got -- it ended up working, but it slowed things up by about -- and depending who you talk to, between six months and a year and a half. we can come back, we can come roaring back. it's estimated that if we -- by most economists, including wall street firms as well as, you know, think tanks, political think tanks, left, right, and center, it is estimated that if we pass this bill alone, we'll create 7 million jobs this year. 7 million jobs this year. [ applause ]

and so the thing we haven't talked about, and i'm not going to go on because i want to hear your question, i apologize -- we haven't talked about, remember you and i talking during the campaign, and you had former guy saying that, well, you know, we're just going to open things up, and that's all we need to do. we said, no, you got to deal with the disease before you deal with getting the economy going. well, the fact is that the economy now has to be dealt with, and look at all the people. you have over 10 million people unemployed. we need unemployment insurance. we need to make sure that, you know, you have 40% of the children in america talk about food shortage, 60% of -- did you ever think you'd see a day in milwaukee, you'd see in the last six months people lining up in their automobiles for an hour or for as far as you could see to get a bag of food? this is the united states of america for god sakes. we can't deal with that? look at all the people who are on the verge of being kicked out of their apartments because they cannot afford -- they cannot afford the rent.

what happens when that happens? look at all the mom and pop landlords that are in real trouble if we don't subsidize this in the meantime? look at all the people who are on the verge of missing and how many people have missed their last two mortgage payments and are able to be foreclosed on. that's why i took executive action to say they cannot be foreclosed on in the meantime. look at what the impact on the economy would be. you think it's bad now, let all that happen. look at all the people who have lost their insurance. i'm not asking for a show of hands, how many have had jobs with corporations or companies that provided health care, cobra health care. well, guess what, the company goes under, and guess what, you lose your health insurance. well, we should be making sure you're able to pay for that so that we keep people moving, so there's a lot -- so i think bigger and the vast majority of the serious people say bigger is better now, not spending less. >> this is randy lang, an independent who supported donald trump in 2020. randy is the co-owner of a woodworking company here in

milwaukee. welcome. >> you're proposing a $15 minimum wage, giving the lower cost of living, specifically in the midwest, many business owners are concerned that this will put them out of business forcing them to downsize or cut benefits. how can you instill confidence in small businesses that this will benefit the midwest business growth? >> well, first of all, the south is not much different that be the midwest in that regard as well. but here's the thing. if you look back over the last 40 years as minimum wage has increased, people haven't -- the end result of net employment hasn't changed. the vast majority of the economists and there are studies that show by increasing the minimum wage to $15 an hour, it could have an impact on a number of businesses but it would be de minimis, et cetera. here's the deal. it's about doing it gradually. we're at $7.25 an hour.

no one should work 40 hours a week and live in poverty. no one should work 40 hours a week and live in poverty. [ applause ] but it's totally legitimate for small business owners to be concerned about how that changes. for example, if it went -- if we gradually increased it when we indexed it at 7.20, if we kept it indexed to inflation, people would be making 20 bucks an hour right now. that's what it would be. >> the congressional budget office says a $15 minimum wage would lift 900,000 people out of poverty but cost 1.4 million people about their jobs. >> if you read that whole thing about pinocchio, there are an equal number of studies that say it wouldn't have that effect. and particularly in terms of how gradually you do it. let's say you said you're going to increase the minimum wage from $7.25 an hour between now and the year 2025 to $12 an hour, to $13 an hour, you double someone's pay and the impact on

business would be absolutely de minimis, and it would grow the gdp, and it would generate economic growth. but it's not illegitimate as a small business person to worry about whether or not increasing it at one fell swoop would have that impact. i do support a $15 minimum wage. i think there is equally as much, if not more evidence to dictate that it would grow the economy and long run and medium run benefit small businesses as well as large businesses, and it would not have such a dilatory effect, but that's a debatable issue. >> this is tim, a democrat from milwaukee, co-owner of black huskey brewing. >> thank you. my partner and i own a small brewery in the river west neighborhood of milwaukee, and we have nine amazing employees. we rely on selling our beer out

of our tap room, and with the pandemic our business has gone down about 50%. now, we've relied primarily on loans, grants, as well as our own reserves to survive. however, the new assistance has been too slow and recently it's gotten more restrictive on how we can apply it. what will you do so that small mom and pop businesses like ours will survive over large corporate entities? >> change it drastically, first of all, by making sure we have inspectors general. you may remember when the first bill passed, you may remember there was a guy running saying what's going to happen is the banks aren't going to lend you the money. they're going to ask you a question, do you have your credit with us, how many loans do you have with us? what is your -- what credit cards do you have with us? even though they were being underwritten, and we bailed their rear ends out last time out, they weren't -- it was too

much trouble to lend to you. what'd the president do -- and i don't want to pick on the -- i shouldn't -- i'm tired of talking about donald trump, don't want to talk about him anymore, but the last administration spent time, a lot of time talking about how there was no need for inspector generals. we find out that 40% of the money, the ppp loans that go to small businesses went to -- went to corporations that were multimillion dollar corporation. you're going to see an investigation showing a lot of this was fraudulent. i'm going to provide $60 billion for you to be able to make capital investments in order to be able to open safely and make sure you're in a position that you can do the things that are recommended. you've noticed there's been very little federal direction for you all on how to safely open your businesses. yet you know if you're able to test your employees, if you're able to be in a situation, if you serve people, you have plexiglass dividers, if you're able to have everybody with

masks and the like, you can do so much, but you don't get that direction. so the money i guarantee you is going to go to small businesses with people -- and i'm shooting -- and by the way, the original definition of a small business is 500 or fewer employees, well, that's not what i mean by small businesses. what we meant by small businesses, the mom and pop businesses that hold communities together and keep people together and particularly in neighborhoods where if you don't have a beauty shop, a barbershop, a hardware store, a grocery store, et cetera, the center of the community begins to disintegrate some. so what i'd like to do, if you are willing to give me an address, lay out for you precisely without taking more time, i'm going to get in trouble, i was supposed to only talk two minutes in an answer, is to let you know exactly how that $60 billion is part of the

recovery package will go to small businesses. [ applause ] >> we're going to take a quick break. when we get back we'll have more questions for the president of the united states, joe biden. we'll be right back. we're carvana, the company who invented car vending machines and buying a car 100% online. now we've created a brand-new way for you to sell your car. whether it's a year old or a few years old. we wanna buy your car. so go to carvana and enter your license plate answer a few questions. and our techno wizardry calculates your car's value and gives you a real offer in seconds. when you're ready, we'll come to you, pay you on the spot and pick up your car, that's it. so ditch the old way of selling your car, and say hello to the new way at carvana. whether you're curling or crunching, running or riding, lifting or lunging...

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[ applause ] the cnn presidential town hall with joe biden is brought to you by carvana, the new way to buy a car. [ applause ] >> and welcome back. we're live at a cnn town hall event in milwaukee, wisconsin, with president joe biden. we are back, thanks so much for being here. we -- before we get back into the audience, i want to ask just a question about what we just witnessed. before the senate voted to acquit the former president in the impeachment trial, you said you were anxious to see if republican senators would stand up. only seven did. house speaker nancy pelosi called the rest cowards. do you agree with her? >> i'm not going to call names out. look, i -- for four years all that's been in the news is trump. the next four years i want to make sure all the news is the

american people. i'm tired of talking about trump. [ applause ] >> senate minority leader mitch mcconnell said that the former president is, quote, still liable for everything he did while he was in office. if your department of justice wanted to investigate him, would you allow them to proceed? >> i made it clear that one of the things about -- that one of the most serious pieces of damage done by the last administration was the politicizing of the justice department. any of you who are lawyers know, whether you're a democrat, republican, conservative or liberal, it has been more politicized than any justice department in american history. i made a commitment, i will not ever tell my justice department, and it's not mine, it's the people's justice department, who they should and should not prosecute. their prosecutorial decisions will be left to the justice department, not me. [ applause ] >> i wanted you to meet joe berkowitz from shorewood, a democrat, a professor of foreign languages and literature of the the university of wisconsin, milwaukee.

thanks for being here. >> thank you, anderson. after five years of french, i still can't speak a word so i apologize. >> i'll teach you some yiddish sometime, how's that? >> by the way, i understand a little bit of yiddish. >> i'm sure you do. more seriously, mr. president, like millions of my fellow citizens, i was shaken by the attack on the capitol on january 6th and on our democracy more broadly by your predecessor and his followers. while i appreciate efforts being made to bring them to justice, i worry about ongoing threats to our country from americans who embrace white supremacy and conspiracies that align with it. what can your administration do to address this complex and wide ranging problem? >> it's complex, it's wide ranging, and it's real. you may -- i got involved in politics to begin with because of civil rights and opposition to white supremacists, the ku klux klan and the most dangerous people in america continue to

exist. that is the greatest threat to america, domestic terror. so i would make sure that my justice department and the civil rights division is focused heavily on those very folks, and i would make sure that we, in fact, focus on how to deal with the rise of white supremacy. and you see what's happening, the studies that are beginning to be done. maybe at your university as well. about the impact of former military, former police officers on the growth of white supremacy in some of these groups. you may remember in one of my debates with the former president i asked him to condemn the proud boys. he wouldn't do it. he said stand by, stand ready or whatever the phrase exactly was. it is a bane on our existence. it has always been, as lincoln said, we have to appeal to our better angels, and these guys are not and women are, in fact, demented. they are dangerous people.

>> i want you to meet james lewis, an independent from milwaukee, he's a labor attorney. >> if i say anything you don't like, let me know, will you? >> good evening. i was a public defender in kenosha county when the police shot jacob blake. i witnessed the city i worked in burned and devastated and recently district attorney michael gravely denied to prosecute the police officers responsible. so my question to you is what will your administration do to correct these wrongs that we witnessed not just in kenosha, but across this country? and what will we do to bridge the gap between communities and their police? >> three things. first of all, i was a public defender, as well. and i think it's high time that we had public defenders being paid the same as prosecutors. my son, by the way, was a great prosecutor.

he was the attorney general of the state of delaware, and he was a federal prosecutor before that. and so i'm not condemning all prosecutors, but i am saying that it matters that you have adequate defense and you are able to attract people who, in fact, can live on being able to be that public defender, number one. number two, we are pushing very hard and i think we'll get it done, is the legislation relating to what is appropriate police behavior and studying police behavior and coming down with recommendations that are consistent with the legislation that was put in place as a consequence of all the world seeing one man shoved up against a curb and murdered after eight minutes and 46 seconds. and so there's a number of things relating to everything

from no-knock warrants and a whole range of things you know. there's legislation that's being introduced separately. i hope it will pass, but thirdly, i think we have to deal with systemic racism that exists throughout society, and one of the things i'm going to recommend there is that we look at an entire panoply of things that affect whether or not people of color, primarily are treated differently. and that goes through everything from prosecutorial discretion. you know as a public defender, what happens is -- it will take too long to go through the explanation. let me try to do it quickly. what happens now is if you, in fact, are going to -- you arrest someone because they had -- and you want to charge them, you can charge them with robbery or armed robbery. if you charge them with armed robbery, you get a lot more time than if you don't charge with robbery. but if you want to make sure that someone who doesn't know

much about their representation, you engage in prosecutorial misconduct by offering them to plead to essentially -- it's not the same -- burglary, which gets them two years and probation, so you don't even get a trial. you plead because you don't have adequate representation. you feel like everything's against you, and you're in trouble. when i did the sentencing act, that was designed to make sure we had the same time for the same crime, as chairman of the judiciary committee, i looked at all ten federal districts, and we took six months to do it and found out if you were black, if you were a first time offense of being accused of burglary and maybe you committed it, and you were white and you did the same exact crime, and all ten districts throughout the united states of america the person -- and don't hold me to the exact numbers, but the percentages are right, if you're a first time

white guy, you'd get two years. you get seven years if you're black. so in order to make sure that you could not send people to jail for the same crime, i came up with this sentencing commission, which said that everybody who commits the crime has to receive between -- instead of 0 to 20 years, drastically cut down the number of years you could go to jail but say if it's one first time offense, you have to get sentenced between 1 1/2 and 3 years, okay? what happened is prosecutors used that as a mechanism to send people to jail. it makes it look like we're dealing with mandatory sentencing, which it wasn't designed to do at all. it was designed to make sure people are being treated fairly. i'm sorry to go on. there's much more to talk about. >> we have a related question over here. this is danny evans, a pastor who works as a supervisor for the juvenile justice diversion

program. he's an independent, voted for donald trump in 2020. he's a member of the 32-state racial disparity task force created in the wake of the jacob blake shooting last summer. danny, welcome. >> good afternoon, mr. president. defund the police is discussed as an option for reforming policing. however, there are communities where people live in fear not of the police but in fear of the violent gangs who commit crimes in those neighborhoods. how can we be sure that we don't overlegislate police officers so that they can do their job to protect the law-abiding citizens who live in these high-crime neighborhoods and yet train officers to police with compassion? >> by number one, not defunding the police. we have to put more money in policework so we have legitimate community policing and we're in a situation where we change the legislation. no one should go to jail for a drug offense. no one should go to jail for the use of a drug. they should go to drug rehabilitation. drug rehabilitation.

number one. [ applause ] we should be in a position where we change the system of sentencing system, to one that relates to a notion of -- related to making sure that what you do is you focus on making sure that there's rehabilitation. the idea that we don't have people in prison systems learning how to be spending the money, learning how to be mechanics, learning how to be cooks, learning how to have a profession when you get out. the idea that we deny someone who served their time access to pell grants, access to housing, access to- right now as you well know, most places you get out of prison you get 25 bucks and a bus ticket. you end up under the bridge exactly where you were before. the fact is the concern in many minority communities is black on black, hispanic on hispanic, not

just -- but here's the deal. there has to be much more serious -- how can i say it? much more serious determination as to what the background and the attitudes of the recruit is, what their views are. there should be much more psychological testing like you what are the things that make you respond the way you do? because there is inherent prejudice built into the system. we also need to provide -- it's happening. more african-american and hispanic police officers. they don't get it all right either. by a long shot. every cop when they get up in the morning and put on the shield has a right to expect to be able to go home to their family that night. conversely, every kid walking across the street wearing a hoodie is not a member of the

gang of a gang and about to knock somebody off. so, it's about education. it's the answer in my view. access to education. and one of the things that i talk a lot about, and i'm sorry to go on about this, but it's important. i don't think we can look at opportunity -- let's stick with the african-american community for a minute -- in terms of the criminal justice system. that is only one small piece of why people are the way they are. you realize -- i don't know what home you live in, but if you go ahead and you want to get insurance and you're in hay black neighborhood you're going to pay more for the same insurance i'm going to pay for the exact same home. your car, you've never had an accident in your car, you live in a black neighborhood you're going to pay a higher premium in your car. there are so many things that are built in institutionally that disadvantage african-americans and latinos. and one of the great advantages -- i'm sorry -- but one of the great advantages, as

bad as things are, i keep learning from presidential historians how i've inherited the worst situation since lincoln, since roosevelt, economic crisis, political crisis, racial crisis, et cetera. but the fact is everyone's gotten a close up look now and seen what's happened. that kid -- that kid holding that camera for 8 minutes and 46 seconds awakened the hold world. when i met with his little daughter after he's dead, she said, my daddy's changed the world. guess what, not only in the united states, around the world people said, woah, i didn't know that happened. dr. king, my generation when i got involved as a civil rights movement as a high school student in the early '60s and you had bull conner in the '60s and the dogs

with black dresses going to dresses and little kids fire hoses ripping their skin off, what happened there was the second emancipation. people in places where there weren't black communities said that really happens? i didn't believe it. they saw it happen. so, the voting rights act, it generated the civil rights act. we call it the second emancipation. we have a chance now, a chance now, to make significant change in racial disparities. and i'm going to say something that's going to get me in trouble. which we couldn't go through a whole show without doing that. and that is that, think about it, if you want to know where the american public is, look at the money being spent on advertising. did you ever five years ago think every second or third ad out of five or six would be biracial couples? no, i'm not being facetious. the reason i'm so hopeful is this new generation, they're not like us. they're thinking differently. they're more open. and we've got to take advantage

of it. i'm sorry. >> i want you to meet ms. martin. a democrat. she's a certified nurse midwife. welcome. >> good evening, mr. president. our nation's experiences with and through covid-19 and other recent tragedies have strengthened the foundation of division among americans. what are your immediate and tangible plans to address how deeply divided we are as a nation? >> i take issue with what everybody says about the division. for example, my plan on covid, 69% of the american people support it. 69%. in this recent poll, 60%. 60%. 45% of trump voters and 55% of republican voters. the nation is not divided.

you go out there and take a look and talk to people, you have fringes on both ends. but it's not nearly as divided as we make it out to be. and we have to breathe together. -- bring it together. you may remember the trouble i get in when i said when i was running, wanted to restore the soul of the country, decency, honor, integrity, talk about the things that mattered to people, treat people with dignity. secondly, i said to rebuild the backbone of the country, the middle class and this time bring everybody along and have a chance. and the third reason is unite the country. in my own primary, i got unite the country? what are you talking about? you cannot function in our system without consensus other than abusing power at the executive level. so, i really think there's so many things that we agree on that we don't focus enough on. and that's in large part, i think, because we don't just condemn the things that are so

obviously wrong. obviously wrong, that everybody agrees on, the way they were raised. the way we were raised. as my mother would say, if half the things that occurred in the last campaign came out of my mouth as a kid, she would, as a kid, wash my mouth out with soap. we have to be more decent and treat people with respect and just decency. >> let me ask about a question which does often divide many people in this country, immigration. your administration, along with congressional democrats, expected to unveil an immigration reform bill just this week. you want a pathway to citizenship for the roughly 11 million undocumented immigrants. would you sign any immigration bill if it did not include that, a pathway? for the 11 million? >> yeah, there's a whole range of things that relate to immigration, including the whole idea how you deal with -- you are know, it confuses people.

you talk about refugees. you talk about undocumented. you talk about people who are seeking asylum, and you talk about people who are coming from the -- that are coming from camps, being held around the world. and there are four different criteria for being able to come to the united states. the vast majority of the people, 11 million undocumented, they're not hispanics. they're people who came on a visa and was able to buy a ticket to get on the plane and didn't go home. they didn't come across the rio grande and swim -- excuse me. sorry. that's the irish in me. but all kidding aside. so, there are a lot of things that relate. but i think that we can no long -- look. you've heard -- even if you're not involved in politics at all, you've probably heard me say

this a thousand times. as a matter of fact, everyone is entitled to be treated with decency, with dignity. everyone is entitled to that. and we don't do that now for the first time in american history. if you're seeking asylum, you're being persecuted, you're seeking asylum, you can't do it from the united states. used to come and an asylum officer determine whether or not you met the criteria, send you back if you in fact -- but you can't even do that. you've got to seek asylum from abroad. >> just to be clear though -- and i know you're going to be announcing stuff later this week, or i've heard -- you do want a pathway to citizenship -- >> yes. >> -- for roughly 11 million undocumented immigrants. >> yes. >> and that would be essential for any bill for you? >> well, yes. and by the way, if you came along and said in the meantime we can work out a system whereby

we're going to -- for example, we used to allow refugees, 125,000 refugees, into the united states on a yearly basis. it was as high as 250,000. trump cut it to 5,000. come with me into sierra leone. come to me into parts of lebanon. come with me around the world and see people piled up in camps. kids dying, no way out, refugees fleeing from persecution. we, the united states, used to do our part. we were part of that. we're -- and, you know, send me your huddled masses. come on. so, i would, if you had a refugee bill by itself -- i'm not suggesting that, but there's things i would do it by itself. but not at the expense of saying i'm never going to do the other. there is a reasonable path to citizenship, and it shows up -- one of the reasons why we have been able to compete with the

rest of the world so well is most of our major competitors are xenophobic. i remember you questioning when i came back from china and i said i predict within less than a year they're going to end their one china policy. and i got clobbered, saying biden didn't talk about the fact how immoral it was and it was when we were running against republican ticket led by mitt romney, a fine -- >> you just talked to china's president. >> yes, for two hours. >> what about the uighurs? >> the uighurs, we must speak up for human rights. it's who we are. my comment to him was -- and i know him well, and he knows me well. we're a two hour conversation. >> you talked about this too. >> i talked about this too. not so much refugee, but i said, look, chinese leaders -- if you know anything about chinese history, it has always been the time china has been victimized by the outer world is when they

haven't been unified at home. so, the center of principle of xi jinping is that there must be a united tightly controlled china. and he uses his rationale for the things he does based on that. i point out to him no american president can be sustained as a president if he doesn't reflect the values of the united states. so, the idea i'm not going to speak out against what he's doing in hong kong, what he's doing with the uighurs in western mountains of china and taiwan, china and the one china policy by making it forceful. i say -- he gets it. culturally there are different norms in each country and their leaders are expected to follow. but my point was that when i came back from meeting with him, traveling 17,000 miles with him when i was vice president and he was the vice president, that's

how i got to know him so well at the request of president who, not a joke, his predecessor president who, and president obama wanted us to get to know each other because he was going to the president. i came back and said they're going to end their one child policy because they're so xenophobic they won't let anybody else in. and more people are retired than working. how can they sustain economic growth when more people are retired? >> when you talk to him about human rights abuses, is that just -- is that as far as it goes in terms of the u.s.? or is there any actual repercussions for china? >> well, there will be repercussions for china, and he knows that. what i'm doing is making clear that we, in fact, are going to continue to reassert our role as spokespersons for human rights at the un and other agencies that have an impact on their attitude. china is trying very hard to become the world leader and get that moniker and be able to do

that they have to gain the confidence of other countries. and as long as they're engaged in activity that is contrary to basic human rights, it's going to be hard to do that. but it's more much more complicated. i shouldn't try to talk china policy in ten minutes on television. >> let me bring you back to the united states. i want you to meet jocelyn. a democrat. jocelyn is a director of marketing at a community theater. >> hello. good evening mr. president. student loans are crushing my family, friends and fellow americans. >> me too. you think i'm kidding. >> the american dream is to succeed, but how can we fulfill that dream with debt is the only option for degree. we need student loan forgiveness beyond the potential $10,000 your administration has proposed. we need at least a $50,000 minimum. what will you do to make that happen? >> i will not make that happen. it depends on whether or not you go to a private university or public university.

it depends on the idea that i say to a community i'm going to forgive the debt -- billions of dollars of debt -- for people who have gone to harvard and yale and schools -- i went to a great school. i went to a state school. but debt is going to be forgiven rather than use that money to provide money for early education for young children who come from disadvantaged circumstances. but here's what i think. i think everyone -- and i've been proposing this for four years. everyone should be able to go to community college for free, for free. that costs $9 billion, and we should pay for it. and the tax policies we have now, we should be able to pay for it. you spend almost that much money as a break for people who own racehorses. and i think any family making under $125,000 whose kids go to a state university they get into, that should be free as well.

and the thing i do in terms of student debt that's accumulated is provide for changing the existing system now for debt forgiveness if you engage in volunteer activity. for example, if you were -- if you're teaching school, after five years you have $50,000 of your debt forgiven. if you worked in a battered women's shelter, if you work and so on so we'll be able to forgive debt. thirdly, i'm going to change the position that we have now to allow for debt forgiveness. it's so hard to calculate, whereby you can now, depending on how much you make and what program you start, you can work off that debt by the activity you have, and you cannot be charged more than x% of your take-home pay so that it doesn't affect your ability to buy a car, own a home, et cetera. each of my children graduated

from school. i mortgaged the house. i was listed as the poorest man in congress for -- not a joke -- for over 30 years. but i was able to -- i bought a home i spent a lot of time working on. and i was able to sell it for some profit. but my oldest son graduated after undergraduate and graduate school with $136,000 in debt after working 30 hours a week during school. my other son went to georgetown and yale law school, graduated $142,000 in debt. and he worked for a parking service down in washington. my daughter went to tulane university and then got a master's at penn. she graduated $103,000 in debt. so, i don't think anybody should have to pay for that, but i do think you should be able to work it off.

my daughter's a social worker. my other son became a program usa and so on. they didn't qualify. but my point is i understand the impact of the debt, and it can be debilitating. and i think there's a whole question about what universities are doing. they don't need more sky boxes. what they need is more money invested in making -- that's why i provide, for example, $80 billion -- $70 billion over ten years for hbcus and other minority serving universities because they don't have the laboratories to be able to bring in those government contracts that bring people in cybersecurity or other future endeavors that pay well. but i do think that in this moment of economic pain and strain that we should be eliminating interest on the debts that are accumulated,

number one. and number two, i'm prepared to write off the $10,000 debt, but not $50,000. >> mr. president, let me ask you -- >> i don't think i have the authority to do it by signing. >> over the years you've already spent a great deal of time at 1600 pennsylvania avenue. except now you're living there and you're president. it's been four weeks. what's it like? how is it different? >> i wake up every morning and say where the hell are we? no, look, it's -- it's -- you know, i've only been president four weeks. and sometimes because things are moving so fast, not because of burden, it feels like four years. it's not because of the burden. it's because there's so much happening that you're focused on -- you're constantly focusing on one problem or opportunity,

one after the other. but what happens is that -- what i didn't realize, i had been in the oval office a hundred times as vice president -- more than that -- every morning for the initial meetings. but i had never been up in the residence. and one of the things -- i don't know about you all, but i was raised in a way that you didn't look for anybody to wait on you. and it's -- i find myself extremely self-conscious. wonderful people work at the white house. but someone, you know, standing there and, you know, making sure i -- hands me my coat -- >> you had never been in the residence of the white house? >> i had only been upstairs in the yellow room, the oval upstairs. >> i don't know. i've never been there either. >> no, but -- look, the people down there are wonderful, and i

find that, you know, like my dad, you've heard me say this before. my dad used to say everybody -- everybody -- is entitled to be treated with respect. and it's interesting how decent and incredible these folks are. >> is it different than you expected it to be in some way? >> you know, i -- i don't know what i ever expected it to be. i -- it is different in that -- i'll get in trouble here. i said when i was running i wanted to be president not to live in the white house but to be able to make the decisions about the future of the country. and so living in the white house, as you heard other presidents who have been extremely flattered to live there, has -- it's a little like