>> the unique climate, some strict rules, and a few simple quality ingredients are all they need to conjure up a kind of magic. >> bellissimo. >> and create incredible dishes that are famous the world over. previously on "lincoln: divided we stand" -- >> the kansas-nebraska act repealed the very compromise which said there can be no slavery north of the 36-30 line. it's tremendously controversial. >> the act propels lincoln back into politics. >> he thinks it's an orange. he does not want to see slavery expand. >> so he begins to speak out against the kansas-nebraska act. >> he is an absolute sensation. republican papers praise him.

democratic papers are fearful of this rising man. >> lincoln is going to win the 1860 election. >> from the moment abraham lincoln is elected, lincoln is confronted with crisis. >> to white southerner, lincoln's election means the greatest of their fears being realized. they are convinced, despite all the things lincoln says, he wants to create racial equality. >> lincoln and his family were subjected to unnerving threats that no other president-elect has ever faced. abraham lincoln was sent a letter saying i'm going to put a spider in your dumpling, you goddamn son of a bitch, and other expressions that i didn't know existed in the 19th century. >> people had sent nooses. >> robert lincoln, the teenager,

opened this threatening envelope and was unnerved by it. the situation required his father to calm him down. folks in the south using the dynamics of polarization and violence to move people into supporting succession. violence creates that sense of tribalism that is what the entire fight is about. >> and it's clear that it could descend into war . >> when abraham lincoln is elected in 1860, there are nearly four million enslaved people in the united states. in some counties in the south, over 70% of the population is enslaved.

the booming southern economy relies on their forced labor. >> enslaved people are engaged primarily in cotton production, tobacco production, mixed farming. you're up before dawn. you go out into the fields. you can expect to work until dark. and if it's harvest time, you're going to work 20 hours a day. but the issue is not the day to day labor of enslaved people. it's the lack of ability to control your life the way you would expect a human being to be able to control it. there was a tremendous amount of violence, rapes, murders, beatings, but none of that compares to what the real evil of slavery was, and that was separation.

removing children from their parents, removing husbands from wives. most of those people never saw those folk again. that's about as dehumanizing as you can get. >> the core of the american economy was rural. it was agrarian. it was in the south, and the core of that economy enslaved africans. >> in th1860 census, slaves as property were worth $3.8 billion. that's more than $100 billion today. more than all the banks, railroads, and factories put together. >> and let's remember, people in the north benefit from the cotton that is growing in the south. new york city was the banking center. an awful lot of banks lent money to southern plantation owners. shippers based in new york and new england shipped goods to the south and cotton the rest of the world.

>> but even though the north benefitted from slavery, it was never the cornerstone of their economy. it was always the cornerstone of the southern economy. >> amongst white southerner, talk of southern separatism had been going on for quite a long time, and particularly out of south carolina. they were the hotbed of talking about how slave holders have different interests from the rest of the nation. maybe we would be better off making our own nation. but for a very long time, that was a really fringe marginal position. >> until lincoln's election on november 6th, 1860. >> his election is an earthquake. even though there were strong signs that lincoln was going win, it was still shocking when he did win. in the south, it's a catastrophe. >> even though he is not a hard-core abolitionist, the near mack of lincoln's election the threat of this new party united in opposition to the expansion

of slavery is threatening enough that it spurred succession. >> seven southern states secede from the union before lincoln is inaugurated. south carolina. >> mississippi, florida. >> alabama. >> georgia. >> louisiana. >> texas. they all secede from the union and a parallel government is forming in what is now called the confederate states of america. >> and the real question is going to be are his words and his policies going to drive other states into the breakaway confederacy? which the nation in crisis, lincoln is in an impossible position. the fate of the union will eventually be his responsibility, but until his inauguration in march, the president-elect is powerless. >> during the four months between lincoln's election and his inauguration, lincoln is

terribly frustrated because he sees that these states are pulling out of the union and the federal government is not doing anything about it. president buchanan in his annual message to congress says the south has no right to secede. it's unconstitutional, but we have no power to do anything about it. buchanan's basic stance seems to be dear god, don't let it happen on my watch. let him deal with it. >> although he is frustrated, at the same time he does not want to be bound by anybody else's agreements. he doesn't want anything to tie his hands. >> all presidents-elect since washington have not done anything to interfere with the operation of government before they are inaugurated. but lincoln was different. >> he's quiet on the surface but he is writing letters to a network of key allies in washington. >> he sends top secret instructions to senators and congressmen who he trusts. >> let there be no compromise on

the question of extending slavery. if there be, all our labor is lost and ere long must be done again. the dangerous ground to which some of our friends have a hankering to run is populist sovereignty. have none of it. stand firm. the tug has to come, and better now than any time here after. >> no can wise on my watch. i'm on my way. this is one of those moments when you realize that humble abraham lincoln, as he described himself in his first political message is really pretty secure in his own ability. >> this inexperienced man from illinois in the face of the country tearing itself to pieces. he will always have that confidence that he is heading in the right direction. >> many people came to lincoln after the election and said okay, yoy something

to conciliate the south. you have to reassure them again that you will not take action against the institution of slavery in the south. other people came to him and said you've got to reaffirm that you're anti-slavery. so lincoln decided to say absolutely nothing. >> i think he believed that if he did not do anything, he would be able to return those states that had seceded from the union without touching slavery. >> he believed the country was indissolvable, and that pro union sentiment would prevail, and there would be an opportunity to work things out. i think he unrealistically held that view longer than he should have. >> this cnn original series, "lincoln: divided we stand" is brought to you by consumer cellular, where low rates and award winning service are just the beginning.

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as is succession crisis worsens and listen con awaits his inauguration, mary lincoln relishes a life-long dream come true. >> as a girl, she declared that she was going to marry a president of the united states. >> this is something that she has dreamed about for years. so mary is in a bit of an oblivious spot here. she is going to be the first lady of the united states. she has felt that this is her destiny. none of the talk of succession is going to inhibit her from putting her best foot forward in washington. so in the middle of all this, mary goes on a shopping trip to new york. she uses the period between the

election and the inauguration to get her wardrobe ready, because her job she thinks is to outfit herself magnificently, to buy the right dishes, to buy the right jewelry, and to buy and to buy and to buy. >> it's here that mary began to encounter the troubled reputation that she would later encounter. >> mary believes she has a firm grasp on her responsibilities as first lady, but the task before her husband is unprecedented. the dream that america's forefathers bled for only 84 years before lies in lincoln's hands. >> the survival of the union is not just about national survival. it's not even just about the institution of slavery. it's about whether democracy, whether the given ordinary

people a strong voice in their govern is a good idea or a bad idea. >> we're the only nation in the history of the world founded on an idea, not a tribal identity. >> all the old power, all the monarchies are predicting our failure very confidently. >> commonly, it's been believed that you have to have the edu educated, the well born running the show. but we're trying to prove to the rest of the world that that isn't true. we represent an experiment. the stakes are much bigger even than the united states. it's about whether democracy can succeed. and all the smart money is on the other side. ♪ >> finally, on february 11th, 1861, after months of anticipation, the lincolns head to the springfield depot.

there they will board the train to washington, d.c. and to the helm of the worst crisis in american history. >> as lincoln departs springfield, a big crowd gathers at the train station to bid him farewell. >> everyone has been told that the president-elect is not going make a farewell speech. this man has said not a public word to anybody since his nomination. but he begins to speak. >> lincoln off the cuff delivers one of his most heartfelt eloquent addresses. >> here i have passed from a young to an old man. here my children have been born and one is buried. i now leave not knowing when or whether ever i may return with a task before me greater than that which rested upon washington.

>> he is able to stay in two minutes something more profound, more touching than anything he had ever said in two hours. and the people stand silently in place watching as that tall figure recedes into just a small dot on the horizon. >> in february 1861, abraham lincoln says goodbye to the place where he started his family and ascended from circuit lawyer to the highest office in the nation. the next time he returns to springfield will be four years later in a coffin. ♪

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on his train trip from springfield to d.c., abraham lincoln breaks his public silence. he stops in cities along the route, reassuring his constituents of his resolve to preserve the union and defend democracy. >> most americans whoever saw lincoln, saw him during that 13-day train trip. >> he is seen a growing

industrial north. just in the last decade, these places, they've gone through a revolution. economically, politically and socially, it is the heart of the country that made him president. >> what he won't see interestingly on this trip is the south. the closest he comes to speaking to the south is by giving a speech on the banks of the ohio river and saying if they can hear me over there, but they can't. they can't hear his words of reconciliation because when he makes his inaugural journey, there is another inaugg aaugura journey taking place. jefferson davis is heading to montgomery, alabama to be inaugurated as president of the confederacy. that's a pretty serious sign that this is going to be a conflict. >> slave-owning mississippi senator and former secretary of war jefferson davis is chosen to lead the confederacy.

>> on february 22 and, 1861, when lincoln was in philadelphia en route to his inauguration, he spoke outside of independence hall, and he said that every idea he had ever had politically came from the deliberations of those men in that hall. he said rather than be false to those ideas, he would rather be assassinated on the spot. >> on the trip, he received information that a mob in baltimore was going to assassinate him. >> even though maryland was in the union, baltimore was a hotbed of confederate sentiment. >> it is the only city below the

mason-dixon line in which he is scheduled to stop and speak. >> he could get shot, stabbed, kidnapped. it's a terrible situation he's in. >> lincoln's advisers beg him to end his speaking tour and get to washington under cover. >> lincoln said that's going to look pretty bad. i'm going to look like a wimp, like a coward, but i have a responsibility to the country to actually get there and not to prove that i'm a macho guy that will stand up and defy assassins. >> what happens next is a combination of secrecy and mystery. >> the plot is hatched to have him disguise himself. >> lincoln is encouraged to get rid of the tall stovepipe hat, which is already a trademark, and he wears a hat, as he writes letter, such as i've never worn before or since.

he also wears a long overcoat, practically down to his ankles. >> he had one bodyguard to protect him. >> ward hill lamon, his old friend from illinois, his banjo playing boon companion. lamon has brass knuckles, a pistol, daggers, and they go to baltimore, by train at night. in those days, there was no continuity of railroad stations. you had to switch the tracks. >> so to get from the north through baltimore to washington, you had to come into one station in the north part of town and then cross town and then get on to another train in the south station. >> so when it arrives, their train car is pulled by a horse across town on trolley tracks to the next station.

it's a very eerie moment. it's the middle of the night. they hear voices. they really don't know what's outside. shortly after dawn, on february 23rd, 1861, lincoln's car pulls into washington. everybody is quite surprised that he's arrived in this rather unseemly fashion. >> the mood is so tense that when congressman eliah washburn sees mr. lincoln at the depot, he rushes up and says mr.

lincoln, is that you? lamon belts him in the chest thinking he is a threat. and lincoln is oh, no, this is my friend. >> the next day, mrs. lincoln, still in philadelphia, was told that her husband was taken through baltimore in the dead of the night, and she was very upset. >> she was absolutely dramatically ballistic. threats to her husband were something that mary lincoln took quite seriously. and then to be forced to separate from his family. >> she flies into a rage, screaming no, i have to be with him. and everybody says shhh, quiet. so they finally take her in a room and shut the door and lock it. >> once they calmed her down, mary lincoln and the boys all take the scheduled train. >> and actually, she experienced

some tumult in baltimore because the mob that was going to harass her husband was harassing her. and the car they were in was rocked and insults were hurled. >> but the presidential special arrives in washington on time. and mary and the boys are reunited with lincoln. >> now that she knew her husband was safe and sound, mary immediately saw to her business. get ready for the inauguration. >> with his family reunited upon his safe arrival in washington, lincoln focuses on his upcoming inauguration. his words will either heal a wounded nation or catapult it into a civil war. >> this cnn original series, "lincoln: divided we stand" is brought you by --

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as his inauguration approach, abraham lincoln faces a difficult task. with seven slave states seceded from the union, he must persuade the other slave states to remain while also appealing to his republican base. he spent weeks preparing a

speech he hopes will do both. >> we are living through a slow motion car crash into civil war. you saw the storm clouds coming, and here is abraham lincoln, new president, a prairie lawyer with no experience trying to hold together the american experiment bequeathed to us by the founding fathers with a speech. >> on inauguration day, march 4th, 1861, lincoln wakes up early and he rehearses his inaugural address, reading it aloud to his son robert. ♪ lincoln liked reading aloud. he liked hearing his words for speeches in advance.

the carriage of president james buchanan draws up. lincoln enters the carriage, and buchanan says to him, "if you're as happy on assuming office as i am leaving it, then you're a happy man indeed." there is an ominous air as they proceed all the way down pennsylvania avenue, up to capitol hill. but when lincoln arrives on the portico, he is greeted with a huge cheer. uncharacteristically, he is carrying a cane, his top hat and a sheaf of papers, handwritten notes, rewrites. so he puts his cane on top of the papers, and then he looks around for a place to put his hat.

he hadn't thought of that. and out of the first row comes senator steven douglas, the man he has opposed for almost all of his political career, the democrat whom he had beaten for president. >> he will hold lincoln's hat for him. what a gesture. >> it is viewed immediately as a gesture of reconciliation, if not between the south and the north, then at least between republicans and democrats who are now united in hoping that the union survives. and then he begins an underrated, brilliant speech. >> apprehension seems to exist among the people of the southern stets that by the recession of a republican administration, their property, their peace and personal security are to be in danger. there has never been any reasonable cause for such

apprehension. h hi. >> he lays out what kind of president he wants to be, his hopes for quickly healing this kind of rift that's opened up in the country. >> he makes it clear that a husband and wife may divorce, but the states way not. he says the south has no oath registered in heaven to leave the union, but i will be taking an oath solemnly swearing to preserve, protect and defend it. >> he wants the states that have left to please come back, but he is also very firm about sticking with the principles that the republicans have pledged themselves to. >> he says "i will not accept the expansion of slavery, and i will not acquiesce in the doctrine of secession." but it's con sailer to in some ways to the south. he says i will accept constitutional amendments congress cannot freeze the slaves in individual states. >> he offers to enforce the fugitive slave act that required

northerners to return runaway slaves to their owners in the south. >> i have no purpose directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in states where it exists. i believe i have no lawful right to do so, and i have no inclination to do so. >> he made clear that he did not intend to touch slavery in the southern states. which was consistent with the views that he had espoused for years. you could think that slavery philosophically was wrong, but that didn't mean that you were going out full bore to try to abolish it. >> the truth is that all of the republican anti-slavery thinkers believed that constitutionally, slavery was a local institution

in the south that was supported within the four corners of the law. and they said that in their slogan, freedom national, slavery local. lincoln believed that. >> for lincoln, it was really important for him to act within what he saw as the bounds of the presidency and the law. but i think that for black people, the law is not ever something that we can limit ourselves to in the struggle for freedom, because many of the rights that i have today as an african american man were earned because people broke laws. >> but lincoln thinks if he can just thread that needle, be sufficiently conciliatory, be sufficiently firm to both the south and the republican party that the seven states that have seceded will voluntarily rejoin the union. the healing wonders of time will solve the problem. >> then he gets to the end, which he struggled with. he wanted to end by saying "my

fellow countrymen, the choice is yourself, will it be peace or sort?" and then leave it hanging in the air, almost like a dare. his friends advised him you can't do that. you've got to appeal to their better sensibilities, their patriotism, and ended his speech really brilliantly. >> the mystic chords of memoryt battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and heart stone all over this broad land will yet swell the chorus of the union when again touched as surely they will be by the better angels of our nature. >> mystic cords of memory. just beautiful. he nails the point, but he also gives you great phrases. there have been occasional presidents who wrote well, and then there is lincoln.

lincoln could have made it as a writer. >> like everything else, the inaugural address is received strictly along party, regional, and even racial lines. white republicans love it. lincoln is balanced. lincoln is fair. lincoln is appealing to the better angels of our nature. southerners think his first inaugural, it's battery written, it's coercive, it's threatening. >> it did not keep them from seceding from the union. >> so his politics don't get him that far ultimately, because they don't belize anybody. they don't please the southerners and they don't please the abolitionists. >> one of lincoln's harsh critics is frederick douglass, an escaped slave who gained national recognition for his anti-slavery writings. >> douglass was one of the most prominent leaders in the african american community. >> one of the greatest figures

of the abolitionist movement, a great writer, a great newspaper editor, a great orator. >> when lincoln said he was not trying to abolish slavery in all the southern states, that did not appeal to frederick douglass. >> a lot of times when people celebrate lincoln, it's a way of also saying lincoln is better than the radical republicans and his restraint in really pushing hard for the freedom of african american people, that was a wise course to avoid a catastrophe. but it doesn't avoid a catastrophe. what actually happened is we went to war. the civil war as we know it begin. >> the war came home really fast for lincoln. casualties are huge. >> lincoln feels responsible. >> "lincoln" next sunday night

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hi, i'm debra. i'm from colorado. i've been married to my high school sweetheart

for 35 years. i'm a mother of four-- always busy. i was starting to feel a little foggy. just didn't feel like things were as sharp as i knew they once were. i heard about prevagen and then i started taking it about two years now. started noticing things a little sharper, a little clearer. i feel like it's kept me on my game. i'm able to remember things. i'd say give it a try. prevagen. healthier brain. better life. as lincoln settles into office and the country looms closer to war, mary finds the role of first lady to be more difficult than she imagined. >> mary landed in washington amid, of course rumors of secession and drama over the new

confederacy because jefferson davis was being inaugurated the same month as abraham lincoln. >> but mrs. lincoln longed to be regarded as the leader of washington society. it was her dream to be first lady. she expected deference, fame, social leadership, but it wasn't given. >> the washington establishment regarded her as a rube and a hick, a wild person from the prairies. even though the todd family was among the aristocracy of lexington, kentucky. >> people were talking about the lincolns as if they were hay seeds, coming in ready to have a hoe down in the white house. >> they thought she was unsophisticated and unfit for the duty of social leadership. >> when her family comes to take a look at the white house, they tell her it looks like a third rate hotel. >> it had been occupied for the previous four years by the only bachelor president in american history, james buchanan. >> it is absolutely shabby.

so she decides that it will be her job to redecorate. she believes that with the nation in crisis, the white house becomes a symbol of that nation and it's not going to be frayed and it's not going to be tired. she is not going live in a place that reflects the uncertainty. she was given $20,000, a princely sum to redecorate the white house. >> with the modern equivalent of more than $600,000, mary is determined to prove her worth and pedigree to polite washington society. >> so she guess to new york and shops and bias lot of new furniture, draperies, rugs and the like. but she vastly overspends. >> she was just a shop-aholic. she loved fine things. >> there was a lot of outrage about this. the scandal was reaching up into

congressional discussion levels. so her husband did have to intervene. >> and the president is told that he is going to have to authorize an appeal to congress to add an special appropriation to cover the extra expenses, he is indignant when he finds out how much money it is going to be. lincoln said "i will be damned -- and he doesn't swear very often -- if i am going to go to congress and ask for extra appropriations for flubdubs of this old house thinking was seen in poor taste in times of the country gearing up for war. lincoln didn't want this to become a political scandal, so lincoln said he wanted to pay the costs. so there was tension between mary and abraham during this period about appearances. >> despite the lincolns' attempt to keep up appearances, the democratic press maligns them. they pan mary for her frivolous

spending and question if he is able to lead the country in a time of war. >> on paper, lincoln looks as though he is the least qualified person to hold the position that he holds. >> he was the first president born outside of the original 13 states. he had only been a congressman once. how could we entrust the nation especially at this very dramatic time to someone so inexperienced? >> people lionize lincoln now, but very few presidents have been criticized as cruelly as abraham lincoln. he is viciously attacked in the newspapers. he is depicted as a man who is afraid and who has been cowering. they reduce lincoln to a figure of ridicule and satire. >> lincoln was widely hated. not just by folks in the south, but he was also widely disrespected by his peers. he was seen as someone who had

slipped into the office and was as a matter of consensus among his fellow republicans not seen as >> but lincoln had always been able to embrace people who had been critical of him. look at his cabinet. >> aware of his shortcomings, abraham lincoln is more experienced on both sides of the political aisle, and he names ohio senator, senator chase, secretary of the treasury, and former democrat, montgomery blair, postmaster general. >> blair of maryland was a

conservative. seward, the cabinet divided into left and right. >> people personally charitable to lincoln, he empowered and gave a position to because he thought they could serve the country. >> what a crazy idea. these people are smart, so he wanted these people close by and he wanted to use their disagreements with him to challenge his views. that says to me that this man is very secure, that he's the smartest person in the room. >> he knew there were things more important than partisan differences and personal differences. >> he did work across the aisle and engage with enemies constructively and try to put the country first. that's a true thing about this guy that sets him apart from a

lot of leaders, especially today. >> while lincoln stacks his cabinet with career politicians, tensions between north and south escalate. one by one the confederacy begins seizing military bases across the south. as the last few begin to run out of supplies, the country inches closer to armed confrontation, and the fate of the union lies in lincoln's next move. introducing fidelity income planning. we look at what you've saved, what you'll need, and help you build a flexible plan for cash flow that lasts, even when you're not working, so you can go from saving... to living. ♪ let's go ♪ (vo) welcome to the next, next level. sothis phone paired withg... 5g ultra wideband-- wow! (vo) the new samsung galaxy s21 is here and it's on verizon 5g ultra wideband,

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in april 1861, three weeks after his inauguration, the mounting tension between the union and confederacy finally reaches a tipping point. >> the seven states that suceeded, there were two for the hard for the confederate's to get at.

>> the very epicenter of succession. >> the confederates had artillery pointed at it from the shore and it was extremely vulnerable. lincoln's cabinet recommended they let it go and just surrender it, and lincoln said if we do that, it becomes symbolic and lincoln takes a hard line. >> the people who are stationed at ft. sumter start to run out of provisions, so the question was when they ran out of things to eat would the united states government be permitted to bring provisions to the people there, which obviously the south carolinaens didn't want to do, because they saw them as an enemy and there's a standoff. >> lincoln eventually hits on the compromise.

he will send relief to ft. sumter, but only food and medical supplies, no soldiers or ammunition, nothing war like. >> he said i am sending a fleet down to give bread to starving men, and if you don't bother that relief expedition, we won't do anything, but if you do we have warships there to engage. >> lincoln said at various points to white southerners, you cannot have war until you are the authors. >> the confederate government under president jefferson davis sees this for what it is. >> the ships would be viewed as an act of war. the only way to assure that the

troops on ft. sumter do not starve would be the relinquish hit to the confederacy. >> the confederate commander in charleston surrenders mt. sumter, and he replies under no circumstances can he agree to that. so the confederate artillery opens fire on ft. sumter. fire! >> as soon as sumter is fired upon, the game is up. civil war as we know it begins. and what it's end is going to be now lincoln cannot easily predict. >> nearly 800,000 americans are killed in the civil war, making it the deadliest conflict in u.s. history.

president abraham lincoln is tasked with leading the country through the most perilous time it ever has known, and the choices he makes is for the future of democracy and the fate of our nation. new dose of hope. the fda clears the path for a third vaccine, a single shot offering new promise for hard-hit, hard-to-reach communities. what does being vaccinated mean for your daily life. >> the risk becomes extremely low when you have both parties vaccinated. >> i will speak dr. anthony fauci next. and president biden's plan heads to the senate withou