>> sis boom ba. describe the sound made when a sheep explodes. >> no matter what form it is, what the competition is, the late night show will always be important, will always go on. hi. >> hi. >> how you doing? >> good. >> why did you bring me here? >> um -- [ laughter ] >> you brought us here. >> oh, that's right. >> so what do you think about -- like do you hear grown-ups talking about race or things? >> like maybe with politics and stuff. >> yeah. >> like people from different places.

>> and so if somebody asks you, what are you, do people ask you that sometimes? >> yeah, but i would just say american, asian, and i guess just jewish. >> what are you made up of? >> black and white people. >> i say like american, and i'm like mixed. >> is it ever hard? do you ever feel like you have to choose one side over the other? >> no. >> no. i don't think that is -- like we don't really have to do that. >> it's probably not much different from being just like one race. >> not at all. i don't really know. >> those are all good answers. >> this is maddie and sotke. and they shouldn't feel bad because the adults don't know what to make of this race thing either. race has confounded the united states since the united states invented it. and get ready because around 2045, for the first time, this

country will have more black, indigenous, and people of color than just plain old white folks. what does that mean? to quote my young friends, i don't really know. ♪ ♪ >> every now and again a year comes up on the calendar that sparks the national imagination. 1976. 1984. 2000. >> it's an emergency we all hope doesn't happen. >> well, for many people, 2045 is that kind of number. that is the year, according to the u.s. census, that america

will be a majority minority nation. that means black, indigenous, latinx, and asian folks will outnumber the white folks. as my friend and cnn correspondent sara sidner put it -- >> it's the browning of america. >> and that has white people freaking out. okay. not all of the white people. the tiki torch whites, the build the wall whites, the "not my daughter" whites, the storm the capitol whites. see, those white people think that america being majority minority will mean things will instantly get better for us and worse for them. they think all us majority minority folks are going to team up and reboot slavery with a whole new cast. but we don't have to wonder what's going to happen. it's happening now in cities that are already majority minority like detroit, houston, atlanta, and even in the birthplace of america itself.

this is philadelphia, city of brotherly love, where our founding fathers met, wrote, and signed the declaration of independence while the people they owned waited outside anxiously awaiting to hear the news about how that document was also going to give them their independence. philadelphia is already a majority minority city. what does that mean in reality? west philadelphia. some of you are already singing the song in your head. a majority black residential area where about half the businesses are black-owned. it's one of the most ethnically diverse sections of the city, and 52nd street is the corridor known as -- >> 52nd street is just a micro version of what philadelphia in general is like. very, like, harsh race lines. you could be extremely predominantly black community, and a ten-minute walk, you're in a completely different

community. >> born and raised in west philly, ant smith is a prominent activist in the community. as a teacher and as one of the lead organizers with the philadelphia coalition for racial, economic, and legal justice, aka, philly for real justice. >> you risked your life. when you got out, nobody was there for you. >> in 2020, ant was named one of the most influential people in philly. >> but generally speaking, this area and a large portion of philly is like the entire black diaspora. but then of course there is a large movement of white transients from a bunch of other places. so it creates a lot of tensions. >> so is this the west philly that will smith was talking about? >> i mean i'm sure it was at some point in time. >> yeah. >> but i think -- i feel like will smith had it a little bit

easier. it feels a little bit more drastic these days. it's crazy, man. >> we've talked about this before. in america, ethnically diverse often equals super segregated. most of the 41% of philly's black residents live here, on the west side. to the north and south, you'll find the majority of the 35% white populous. but here in the middle, that's the heart of philly's diversity, made up of black, indigenous, latinx, asian, and a bunch of other bipoc folks. even white people. jumbled together but slowly expanding into philadelphia's black and white areas. turning this black and white cookie of a city into, i guess, a snickerdoodle. for a city like philly that has historic and legendary race problems, they dropped a bomb on black people in a black neighborhood. i'm not here for that. that would be divisive. the population of black,

indigenous, and people of color, aka bipoc folks overtaking the white folks, ain't the kumbaya some people think it would be. but let's talk race. >> race is a construct. people like to say race is a social construct, and we like to speak as if race doesn't matter. but when i think about race, i think about race as a way that society has characterized people really for the purpose of instituting power. >> mm-hmm. >> and to protect privilege. >> dr. yaba play, scholar, activist, author. her book "one drop: shifting the lens on race:challenged the narrow perceptions of blackness and what it means to be black in america. this ain't our first time talking on tv. >> in a lot of ways we talk about race, we conflate race with skin color. we think whiteness is about people who look white. blackness is about people who look black.

but that wasn't how it was defined at its origin. when we look at the history of race and i think about the ways whiteness, for example, was defined, whiteness was defined as pure, meaning that at the time when folks were defining race, they were really trying to imbue blackness with a certain level of evil, right? a certain level of barbarism that all it would take is that one drop to automatically ruin the purity and the sanctity of whiteness. if we're looking back five generations to see who's in your family, so long as there's no one who's not white in those five generations, then you can be identified or categorized as white. on the other hand, if we look back and we see anyone five generations ago, your great-great-great-great grandparent is black, then you too are black. that is the mark, right? that is the thing that makes that person black.

whether or not they look black or not. so whiteness hasn't been about what you look like. >> yeah. >> it's been about who allows you to be white. >> yeah. and to me, sort of the ridiculousness of the one-drop rule is that even if you're saying sort of it's a system of white supremacy obviously. so you're saying white is the best thing and the number one thing and the most powerful thing. that one drop of blackness can ruin all that whiteness. >> yeah. >> in a way that actually you're stripping yourself of power. >> sure. >> because if white was supreme, you wouldn't have to count it down to the drop. >> it's interesting when we're talking about the browning of america. it's like we're talking about folks who are mixed race and biracial and bipoc and people of color, and we're all looking at ourselves. we're all thinking about other people, and whiteness is over here untouched. >> whew. >> we're not the problem. it's whiteness. so when you talk about white supremacy, we're absolutely talking about a spectrum of power with whiteness at the top, blackness at the bottom. all kinds of colors in between.

>> mm-hmm. >> if i'm close to whiteness, that means i'm better than you other dark-skinned negroes, right? that i'll have more access to power and privilege. so when i say white supremacy, i'm not just talking about white people. we know that you're black, yes. but do not act as if your light skin does not give you access to privilege, and i think that's what causes the tension because a lot of these conversations will be like, i'm black just like you. no, you're not. in the same way we're asking white folks to acknowledge their privilege, there are folks of lighter complexion. they have to acknowledge their privilege because if we really want to dismantle white supremacy, we have to be willing to push back against privilege. but you first have to recognize the privilege that you have.

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uh-huh. ♪ sometimes you wanna go ♪ ♪ where everybody knows your name ♪ ♪ ♪ and they're always glad you came ♪ ♪ you wanna be where you can see(ah-ah) ♪ ♪ our troubles are all the same (ah-ah) ♪ ♪ you wanna be where everybody knows your name ♪ ♪ you wanna go where people know ♪ welcome back, america. it sure is good to see you.

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let's get one thing straight as we talk about the realities of race in america. racial categorization has nothing to do with science. nothing at all. when scientists map the human genome, they found lots of stuff, but not race. there's no gene or cluster of genes common to any one race, and that's why when you look at the u.s. census over time, you'll see that the categories continue to change as more and more people say, hey, what about us?

and, look, before 1960, you couldn't even pick your own race on the census. until then, a person showed up at your door, looked at you, and picked your race for you. and native folks, uh-uh. they weren't even on the census until eight decades in because america. but while race isn't real biologically, it's a powerful social construct, a human-made system of categorization. as we all know, these categories have real effects in the world. those effects are called racism. ♪ fa yez and alyssa al dueky, just two friends. two friends that our government consider white even though we all know that makes no sense. on the u.s. census, there's no official category for anyone who's from a part of the world

we usually call the middle east. they can check white or the category "some other race," which means their community is losing access to resources and power. ronna and alyssa are two asia americans that want to redefine -- they prefer swana or southwest asian north african. >> i love philadelphia. >> okay. >> because it is a majority minority city. >> yeah. >> and it's exactly where i want to be because of that. i feel like there are more voices represented here in philly. and i do feel more understood here. when people say the arab world, they really mean -- they don't just mean arabs. it's a way of erasing other identities. >> how do you mean that? >> when somebody says the arab world, they usually mean also like persian people, who are not arab, right? >> all right. i'm glad we're getting right into details. i've had this conversation

before about the idea that like there's the census for the u.s. government, and all it is is about what the u.s. government has decided is worth a category. scientists have discovered that these are the races. it's not that. it's just what's worth a category. and as you know, there's a category that you all get to fit into that white box if you want to. >> with polish, irish, egyptian. >> yep. swiss. >> yeah. >> why do you think that swana people got access to whiteness when if i was to meet you in the street, i wouldn't be like, look at this white lady? that's not what -- >> people who consider themselves arabs started emigrating to the united states in the 1870s. they had the currency of christianity, though, and being from the holy land of palestine going for them. the naturalization act of 1790 required that to become a citizen, you must be a free white person. so arabs in this time, if they

were able to pass as white, worked their way into assimilating into the middle class. and it wasn't until 1952 that you could be a naturalized citizen without discrimination. >> so what do you do when that box comes up? like i mean it's -- >> panic first of all. >> you know, i am an american. i was born here. i didn't grow up here. i grew up kuwaiti in kuwait with a white american mother. that comes with tons and tons of privilege. so i come here, and i have to see how i'm perceived. and the number one way i'm perceived is people walking up to me and saying, what are you? which for me is the biggest indicator of why i cannot check that white box, because you're asking me. >> i've checked off asian. i've checked off other. and sometimes if i'm writing middle eastern, but it would be great if there's a swana

category. >> yes, but the problem is, as you both found out, when you check that box, you don't get access to the privilege. >> uh-uh. >> do you think maybe some people do? they check the box, maybe this will -- >> i mean if people didn't think that way, skin lightening cream wouldn't be such a big industry. >> oh, yes. skin bleaching creams are peddled in the swana region because none of the people that are in the swana region are really seen as white anyway. i know that i saw a lot of ads growing up. i got confused why would people use this? why would you literally want to put chemical bleach on your skin to look like a different person? and i'm happy to say a lot of that has kind of faded away. no pun intended. >> they've lightened up on it. oh. that white box on the census is a trick bag. checking it may mean more about the lack of a good category for you than the fact you're white. but what about the people who

fit into that box whether they want to or not? i'm talking about the people who pass for white. they get to decide, am i double agent for good, or do i leave all those troubles behind and go get a low-interest bank loan? lisa funderberg has probably been offered some good bank loans. she's an author and editor living in northwest philly. so my question is if you are asked to identify yourself, what do you say in those situations? >> well, if push came to shove, for any reason, i would say black. but because of how i look, my choices are different, and some people who say, why don't you just say you're white? and i can't do that. >> yes. >> you are asked by your experience to come to terms with the difference between your internal self-identification and the external one. >> mm-hmm. >> there are black people who will treat me as a white person until i drop a little hint.

>> mm-hmm. >> a little something-something. >> yeah, yeah, yeah. >> like that. >> like that. >> and if i do that enough, then they start to wonder, who is this person? >> yeah. >> i understand that the world interacts with me and sees me as white 99% of the time. >> yeah. >> but you need to embrace this part of you. that's the part that needs to be stood up for. it's how the world is going to see you. >> mm-hmm. >> it's the part that needs to be protected and defended. that is housed in a form that the world reads as white and accords privilege as a result of it. and to pretend that that's not happening or to deny that, i think, is unreal. >> and what are your parents' races? >> dad, black. mom, white. >> dad, black, and mom, white. >> dad, light-skinned if you hadn't guessed. >> first of all, i've become aware of a couple things. one, the dna is an amazing thing

that's unpredictable. as dark as i am, my wife is white but i have a daughter who is about your complexion. i you're going to find out you have the option to pass. >> that's part of what i internalized. even though my parents didn't talk about it, my parents didn't talk about race. my mom was this woman from the south side of chicago when her neighborhood was all white. my dad was from the rural south, jim crow. his father wasn't the black doctor. he was the nigger doctor in town. so when they got together here in philadelphia, my dad was the one who went to the library to look up and see if there were still laws against interracial marriage. but they didn't talk about it wit with us. once my mom asked my dad if she should describe to ebony or jet and have it on the coffee table because what did she know, and he just laughed at her.

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♪ the fearmongering rhetoric around the so-called browning of america claims to threaten the status quo. whiteness and white supremacy. one white identity that has consistently captured america's

imagination -- italian-american. historically philly has been home to a large italian-american community. but gentrification doesn't just push out black folks. and now new philadelphia struggles with its identity as an italian-american stronghold. nothing symbolizes that better than this. the statue of christopher columbus in a box. as many philly residents are now saying they have no interest in celebrating a colonizer who was lost. maybe we can ship it back to italy. has anybody still got the receipt? so now columbus is in a box. what to do. i asked a local italian-american journalist for his opinion. so you're italian-american? >> yes. yes, yes, yes. jason peters. it's very -- mwah. i never really loved like the italian-american thing. like most of it's just watching

goodfellas and just like saying, muzerell instead of mozzarella. but there are nuggets to be proud of. it is an immigrant story. you were discriminated against. but they're co-opting the language that they've been hearing, like identity and culture, and they're going, why doesn't that matter to me? and then they have to find their thing. so you search for that wherever you can get it, whether you all of a sudden are wearing an italian flag and standing in front of a columbus statue, or you just turn to politics. go full maga. or become a fifa guy. a lot of white people just shut up and start watching soccer for some reason. a lot of people just go like, i like grills and i like soccer. that's who i am now. >> so how has south philly clayed from when you were a kid, the italian part? >> it did go from like obama to

trump. these were people that were, i guess, conservative democrats. and then they didn't get what they wanted from that, and now they're very mad because it's a combination of fear and resentment. the fear is that you'll be left behind and that you don't matter, which is -- you get that as a white person. you start to feel like you're getting left behind in the culture. and it's irrational. >> is it also that the city is getting browner and blacker? >> yes. the problem is the bar is set so high with white supremacy that in order for things to get a little equal, we're going to have to lose some stuff. >> yeah. >> and that's what's making everybody upset. it's a general fear of change, of people of different colors, and that they'll be forgotten. i hate that i always feel like i'm snitching on my whites. like i'm the big race traitor, which is fine. it's a really good thing to be a race traitor if you're a white

person nowadays. >> absolutely. absolutely. historically south philly was an enclave for white immigrants -- irish, russian jews, and italian. and where once the italian market was majority italian vendors, these days, everybody's cookin'. >> when we look at the market, it is a place where folks who are undocumented, who are refugees, who are recently arrived can find a place to actually grow, have a business, and be able to provide for their family. what's interesting about this area is that we think there's diversity there and that everyone is necessarily getting along, which is not always the case. ♪ >> michelle angela ortiz is a renowned artist who represents marginalized people whose histories are often lost or co-opted. capturing the tensions and struggles of racial identity has been inspired by her own

experiences living in south philly. >> i grew up on this block, born and raised on this block. >> on this block? >> on this block. so this isn't weird to me because we do this often on our block. >> nice. >> my mother is originally from colombia, and my father is from puerto rico. and they met here in philadelphia. they settled and bought the house that i was raised in, in 1975. and then i purchased the house across the street -- >> that's amazing. that's like something that doesn't -- you don't feel like that happens anymore. >> but it happens a lot in south philly. you find that a lot of families that are like, oh, my cousin lives here or my mom lives here. so it's a very south philly thing. when you live in a neighborhood long enough -- i've been here 40 years -- i've been able to witness things that remained the same and things that have changed. sometimes i get little flashbacks when my son is

playing because we were literally like the same boundaries that i had as a child. i was like, okay, don't pass that tree. don't pass that tree stump. i'm like, oh, my gosh. that was me as a child. because my son at age 3, he started noticing our skin colors and started asking questions. and even though as a light-skinned latina, same shade as some of the italians that are here, i would ride my bike up and down. and i remember certain neighbors that just -- just like hate from their eyes. like just did not want me to even ride past their house. and the first feeling is a sense of anger and rage, of why are things the way that they are? but if i'm building a better life for my son, who is afro-latino, then what is the environment that needs to change to feel that this is really, truly his home? i think we're living at a moment right now where it is about

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the we do it is new groups show up having to quickly figure out where they fall in the race rankings. nancy nguyen has known about social justice way before it was cool, and at her new school she had a crash course in america's racial inequities. >> entering a high school in south philly, there were a lot of tension between asian students and black students. at the time i didn't understand, and i just thought they discriminate against us. and years to school defending and the black person had the less books and the immigrant students, we have our own floor, and -- >> we're talking about a

neighborhood high school with little resources, so -- >> i just want to add the reason i pointed to that is these are the immigrant students i ended up working with. >> nancy co-founded a organization dedicated to self determination, cultural resilience and social justice. >> ten years ago when i started it was a thing to convince the students that, like, white privilege was the problem. that's where we started. yes, white privilege exist and let's talk about how you see that, right? >> uh-huh. >> and then tpafive years ago, was like, white supremacy is the problem, right? >> yeah. >> and then where the young cohort is starting is, we have to eat the rich, they are the problem. i am saying, yes, absolutely, eat the rich, like, where do you go from there? >> uh-huh.

>> that whole saying that people are never left unorganized, it's just who organizes them first to understand the country, and you can organize them where the country was founded on slavery and genocide, and then you can show columbus founded this country, and then you just put in 80 hours a week, and it's an ongoing battle with other communities, right? >> yeah. >> and it is a battle with attacks from all sides, because when the united states sees a rising community leader often there's an eveffort to neutrali that leader. >> i think that i have gotten the spotlight because i was arrested. >> yes.

>> by the ppd. >> yes. >> like, why on littering charges would you bring four police cars and six police officers and come to my house without a warrant, by the way -- >> the littering charges? >> the charges were littering. i am just saying this is excessive use of police force and i hope it changes folks' minds, because what happened with the black up rising has always been about this, and when we win in these battles, these battles led bite my the movemen black lives matter, and it's something our community doesn't understand because it's not taught in schools. >> what is not taught in schools? >> civil rights history in the right way, right? and then african-american history is taught here -- >> yeah, one of the reasons we conceived this episode, 20 years ago america will be

majority/minority, and when certain people talk about it -- you're already laughing about that, and yeah, once white people were 49% of the country, and everything is going to be great finally. >> they always left that out, for my people to be a minority, they need to assume all people of color are the same. >> as you were saying, your experience in that school proves it, we are pitted against each other to make sure we are not on the same team. >> yeah, and that's an inside/outside strategy, and inside pitting against each other, and outside they are pitting white people against the huge group, and it's like they think we are going to take power away, and i think why are you so afraid, that power is still there. >> if the structures of power are in place -- it's an ongoing battle against white supremacy.

the belief system is so you know, inherent in this country. >> and also capitalism. >> and also capitalism. >> and rich -- >> yeah, all those things.

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so this is where we are at now? >> we are at malcolm expark, man. >> i was met at the popular spot in west philly. >> a lot of folks around this area, a bunch of different organizers use this place as like a stumping ground. it's a really beautiful spot. it's a good place, good energy. so i go down in malcolm x park for people that live in the area, and it can be a rough spot sometimes. >> really? >> yeah, everything, everything, everything about west is here. you will get in fist fights -- >> yeah, whatever you are looking for. >> you know, in some sense philly is a model for america's future, like the majority minority city will be the

majority my ninority country. >> it's more than democrats versus republican, it's legitimate like white supremacy versus everybody out here, and that's what the battleground is here, and we have a black police commissioner, and we had one before, and now she's a black woman, and we had the first black democratic mayor of philadelphia, and you have black people in the seats but the white power structure still exists. i think the future of philly is one that is full of conflict between the people and the state, i believe. i think that that is the reality. it's going to get way worst before it gets better. >> the week we were in philly was a weird one. we were months into the pandemic with no end in sight. not only were we in town filming

but also cnn was there filming the upcoming election, which was already a mess, and then this happened. >> we have new details about the moment that led to the philadelphia police shooting and killing walter wallace jr. >> he was having a mental health crisis and needed help. somebody called 911, and the police showed up and saw walter had a knife and they decided that the best way to de-escalate the situation was to shoot walter, 14 times. killing him right in front of his mother. following the killing of walter wallace jr., protests calling for justice erupted all over philly, and the city was put on curfew, and then we watched the same power structures act out in real time. >> philadelphia child, wild,

mild, mind all filled with city, fresh city, foul city, frigid city. philadelphia child, mild, wild, wild flower watered with child power, growing from cracks and cement sidewalks and school yards and playgrounds, singular and common and ugly. we are here. we are here. we are. >> we had planned to talk with philadelphia poet about her bringing up as a half italian and half black woman. >> i know this can happen anywhere and i am trying to keep my composure and i don't know if i can. it's just seems so surreal to me that a black man was murdered in

my city by the police in front of his mother. then when you talk about that percentage and philly being majority black, but so many young black people here feel so unseen, unheard, uncared for, unloved. because i think black folks, a lot of times we tell ourselves that we can't -- we have to mute this black pain. come on, you think you should put all this black pain out here? haven't we put enough -- what? 27-year-old young man that was mentally suffering, needed some help and got the opposite. and it's painful for a mama to see her son murdered. you want me to not give you this black pain story? i don't think so.

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i think the future of philly is full of conflict between the people and the state. it's gonna get way worse before it gets better. >> activists are calling for the release of a fellow activist

following george floyd's death during the end of may and into early june. >> remember when i talked about how the system often tries to neutralize rising leaders? well, in the wake of the protest following the death, antsmith was arrested in his home by federal agents for supposedly damaging federal property months before the current protests, even though his friends and fellow activists say the charges are false. white supremacy ain't going nowhere if the systems in place don't change. the same tactics and injustices can keep happening. just listen to his friend and philly lawyer, michael cord. >> and so, first of all, we told you what the charge is? >> yes. essentially it's destruction of federal property. you might say is a police car federal property, no but it's an entity that is financed in part

by the federal government. >> and just the -- because philly has a majority minority city and is a community leader, has a powerful voice and is really trying to -- is a part of dismantling the system, he becomes a threat to the system? >> oh, absolutely. absolutely. when you are in a corrupt system, you have to resist it. otherwise, you promote that corrupt system. they see him as not only brawn in terms of being courageous, but brains in terms of being strategic. he's a threat. when you look and the browning and blackening of america, that's a prime example of it, of the fear like, wow, these black folks are rising up. these brown folks are rising up. you got to push them down. you got to crush them. and that's where the fascism comes in. >> but just like racial justice activists have always done,

activists in philly continue to stand up no matter what. this is another prominent community leader and friend of ant smith. >> so i want to talk a little bit about ant, this leading black activist who is known in philly, celebrated in philly. >> absolutely. >> i know you have gone through a similar thing. >> yeah. i was arrested. we were organizing a round displacement. and, so, at an action calling out gentrification, a sheriffs deputy grabbed me around my neck and pushed me down on the ground. they arrested me for just disrupting a public meeting. later on they charged me with

trumped up charges saying i attacked an officer and later those charges were dropped. and i knew that i had a target on me, right? because i had been organizing and been very visible. that's the same thing that happened to ant smith. it's definitely political and intentional to strike fear in the hearts of folks who organized against state terror while there is a black police commissioner, you know? >> i think you put it best when you said -- >> that's all -- it's sighing a lot, i don't know. >> the shaking the head. >> like yeah. i talk a lot about this and sometimes i'm like, i don't know what to say. i don't know what to do. you know? what more can be done and said about it?

we cannot afford to wait for 2045 in the hope that change in our nation's makeup is going to make us a more just or equitable society. because if the systems and structures don't change, then you just have an inequitable society run by various shades of bi pot folks. we are already seeing how hard it is to change those systems in philly. even when you are told that you have the city on your side, i don't want my black and mixed raced daughters to inherit that system. i want it to improve by the time they're ready for it so we can focus on more important things. >> do you have any other questions for me? ♪ ♪

>> have you met any famous people? >> who have i met? what famous people? chris rock. >> i don't know him. >> david chapelle. >> i don't know him either. >> i met rob ryaner. is that exciting? >> i don't know him either. what was i talking about? welcome back. i want to welcome viewers joining us here in the united states as well. i am michael holmes and you are watching cnn "newsroom." the u.s. passed a milestone over the weekend in its effort to vaccinate americans against covid-19. the centers for disease control and prevention report more than 300 million vaccine doses have been administered and 63.5% of adults are partially v