a presidential show of support. president biden saying he has great confidence in general mark milley after a book says milley took steps to limit the options of the former president after

the january 6 riot. i'll discuss with former defense secretary william cohen in a moment. we'll look at an new poll d a fence going up around the capitol in anticipation of a new rally. let's discuss now with william cohen, former defense secretary. secretary cohen, thank you for joining us, good evening to you. president biden has great confidence in general milley in the face of calls for his resignation, even court-martial, because milley called together top military leaders to go over the process for launching nuclear weapons, telling them not to take orders from anyone unless he was involved. did milley overstep in that moment? >> don, first we have to wait for the book to be published so

everyone can read it including myself. i know bob woodward since watergate days, i know he's very factual in his approach to getting information in a fashion that most journalists can't comprehend. he's very thorough. i still want to wait to see exactly what happened. i think it's very important that everyone, the american people and the world, understand that we live under civilian control, that the military is under civilian control. so it's important that the american people be satisfied that general milley acted appropriately. and we never want to send a signal to our allies abroad. we want to make sure we send them a signal that the military operates under the aegis of civilian control. having said that, i have looked at what has been reported about what general milley said and i think he was right to be concerned. when i was at the pentagon, reporters used to ask me, what

is it that keeps you awake at night? i would say the threat of a nuclear exchange between russia or china that takes place by either intent or miscalculation. so it's right for the chairman of the joint chiefs to be concerned about the state of mind of the president of the united states. you and i have discussed this on multiple occasions. i have felt from the very beginning that donald trump was unfit mentally and by way of competence to be serving as commander in chief. everything that he did while in office only confirmed that for me. and what he still continues to do to this day, undermine, divide, cause disruption in the normal political process. so i think that chairman milley was right to be concerned, right to say we have to stay in touch with our counterparts. when i first went to the pentagon in 1997, the first thing i recommended with respect to china is we set up a hotline. we did not have a hotline with

the pentagon and our counterparts in china. it took ten years. it wasn't until the chinese agreed to have a hotline. and that was put in in order to make sure that they not miscalculate or we miscalculate about what our intentions are. we certainly know what our capabilities are. it was important to be in touch with allies and potential adversaries around the world. so i don't rule that to be in any way a criticism of general milley. so did he overstep his bounds by suggesting he was in any way curbing the authority of the president of the united states? i haven't seen evidence of that. i'll wait to hear what he testifies to on capitol hill. so far the president seems very confident, he did exactly what was necessary under an extraordinary situation. >> okay. i want to get to something else before we run out of time here. i want to talk about the new revelation about vice president pence, looking for ways to help

trump right up until the end, even calling the former vice president, dan quayle, the only living republican vice president. the book says, over and over he asked if there was anything he could do. put it away, quayle told him. pence pushed, you don't know the position i'm in. i do know the position you're in, i also know what the law is. you listen to the param parliam parliamentarian. that's all you do. you have no power. had there been even a hedge by vp quayle, it could have been catastrophic for this country. but you have dan quayle saying no, you have to do what's right, you have to do what the parliamentarian tells us. >> that's what republican conservatives used to look like, dan quayle. dan coates, also from indiana. dick lugar, another republican

from indiana. that's what the senate used to look like. today it doesn't bear me resemblance to those three members. today, you have simply sycophants for the most part, reinforcing the kind of mentality that donald trump has represented to the world. one of division on racial lines, on ethnic lines, on cultural lines. he's divided our country. that's the reason why so many people feel our democracy is hanging by a thread, because we have people in public office today who are fearful of donald trump. and bob woodward's buck ook sum it up in three words. number one, fear, they fear him. number three, we're all in peril as a result of what he has done. the american people are right to be concerned about it. we better wake up now because it can happen here. we came very close to having it happen here where there was an overturning of the electoral

process. and that would have undermined our democracy for years to come in we ever could recover it. >> secretary cohen, thank you so much. >> a pleasure. president biden meeting at the white house today with senators joe manchin and kyrsten sinema, two democrats standing in the way of a $3.5 trillion spending plan. a lot to discuss with representative ayanna pressley, a massachusetts democrat. good evening you to. >> good evening. >> president biden taking a direct role to try to get senators manchin and sinema on board for the $3.5 billion bill. but they both have said the top line number is way too high. will progressives bend on the price tag or have progressives bent too much in your view? >> that was already a compromise. for every compromise we consider, we're doing a disservice to the people who have delivered a majority to us and a mandate for us to act with urgency and boldness. myself and other progressives have been calling on president biden to use the full weight of

his presidency to lean on these members. so i'm glad that he's doing that. we should be doing that to advance a bold reconciliation bill, to invest in care, to invest in housing, to invest in climate, to invest in home and community based services for the elderly and the disabled. but i would argue we should also be doing that to abolish the filibuster. >> you said you have been asking him to use the full weight of the presidency to influence -- to have more influence on these issues. do you think having him getting directly involved helps or do you think his instinct is to compromise on things you see as essential? >> no, i think he's doing the right thing, to use the full weight of his presidency and the people expect no less and deserve no less. again, they have given us -- they have delivered a house, a senate, and a white house with the decisive majority and a mandate. i know that there are some who fear that if we are too bold, we risk the majority.

i would argue that by playing small, that that is what will risk the majority. the ultimate persuasion tool is impact. that is the best case that we can make to the people. and they don't care about antiquated washington procedures or process. they care about impact. and might i also add, when it comes to manchin and syninema, progressives are often maligned and vilified for seeking to advance bold, progressive policies which are the people's policies, which are in fact the president's agenda. and so please do pay attention to the facts and who the real obstructionists are because progressives are at the table and we are doing the work of making these investments to meet the moment and to make those critical investments in human infrastructure like climate, like housing, and like the care

economy. >> i want to put up some polling cnn has, 56% of americans feel democracy is under attack, 76% of republicans feel biden didn't win enough votes to be president, 51% said it's like elected officials will likely overturn the results of future elections because their party didn't win. what does that say about where we are as a country right now? >> well, you know, what it says to me is that it's just my experience that the eroded trust and the deficit of hope that people are living with and the ways in which government has contributed to that is exactly why we have to be bold in this moment. the way that we restore people's faith in government is to address their hardships, to alleviate their suffering, to make these investments, to ensure that we have a just, equitable and robust recovery,

and also that we're charting a more robust and equitable path forward and delivering on the mandate that was given to us. don, being in the majority, having the house, the senate, and the white house, must be more than a talking point. whether you're talking about housing rights, voting rights, and reproductive freedom, the supreme court is not on the side of the people and that's why it's important that we act. >> we have this pro-insurrectionist rally coming up on september 18. you were there on january 6 when mobs attacked. do you feel secure, are you nervous about potential domestic terrorists attacking there or elsewhere in this country, as a matter of fact? >> well, i'm not nervous, because we have been living with the threat of white supremacy for a long time. unfortunately it took loss of life and trauma and injury and

quite literally a mob coming to the steps of the capitol, insurrection speaking to interrupt the transfer of power, for many to understand the threat that white supremacy is to every american life and to our democracy, as well as the cousin of white supremacy, which is systemic and structural racism, which we need to be actively working to dismantle. that's what i'm focused on, whether you're talking about canceling student debt or repealing hyde or codifying "roe v. wade" or addressing police brutality, ultimately this is the moment for us to legislate equity, healing, and justice, in the same way that we have legislated hurt and harm. and that's disproportionately been a burden for low income and communities of color. >> we have new information about a white supremacist arrested near the dnc in washington, d.c. court documents reveal he told

police, why are you all pulling me over when there are brown people hurting white people. investigators say he may be delusional but it tells you exactly where the immediate threat is coming from especially when it comes to terrorism in this country. >> well, and i would just say that one of the greatest deterrents will be consequences for those who were perpetuators of this big lie, who were co-conspirators, and who aided and abetted in this insurrection, including those who are still serving in the corridors of congress. >> representative ayanna pressley, thank you very much, i appreciate it. be safe. >> thank you. the fda meeting friday to consider covid boosters but it won't be a slam dunk. so will you get a booster shot and if so when? plus who really makes up the unvaccinated in this country and what does it have to do with religion?

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ahead of the fda vaccine advisers' meeting on friday, a briefing document from the agency highlights a limited benefit of booster shots if the first and second doses of the vaccine are still effective. this as a new pew poll shines light on who is and isn't vaccinated in this country. let's break this all down with cnn medical analyst dr. jonathan reiner and cnn political commentator ana navarro. good evening to both of you. doctor, let's start with you. this finding from the fda that boosters have a limited benefit comes at the same time that a small study shows that the booster doses of moderna's

vaccine increase immunity safely. what do you think is going on here? >> don, we're seeing a bit of a food fight playing out publicly within the fda right now. so today, two departing leaders of the office that will be reviewing the administration's plan to administer boosters to the public, drs. gruber and krauss, co-authored a paper in the british journal "lancet" in which they argued against boosters. they are publicly showing their disagreement with the administration's plan. this is what we know. we know that if you are immunocompromised, you are much less likely to have a durable benefit from just two shots and you should get a booster, you are approved to get a booster right now. then there is the issue of what to do with the rest of the population who may have been

vaccinated several months ago, let's say more than six months ago. who should be getting a booster now? israeli data suggests if you're over the age of about 60, you're at high risk of -- higher risk of having a serious complication from a breakthrough infection and you should be getting a booster. the israelis have data to show that boosting that population significantly reduces the risk of serious illness. the final question is, how about everyone else? if you're younger, healthy, you've been vaccinated several months ago, do you need a booster? that's yet to be determined. this is what the fda committee will talk about. my guess is that they're going to authorize boosters for people over the age let's say of 60 years old who have been vaccinated more than six months ago and also probably authorize booster shots for front line health care workers who in many parts of the united states are very actively engaged in the care of people with covid-19 now

and health care workers, mind you, have been vaccinated about, some of them, seven to eight months ago and they may have significantly waning immunity. >> ana, let's turn to the poll now. take a listen to this and then we'll talk. >> when the president of the united states is losing patience, he's losing patience with ph.d.'s. they are one of the largest sections of people who aren't getting the shot. medical workers as well as african-americans. because only four of ten have gotten the shot. why doesn't the president call out african-americans who put him in office and yell at them to get the shot? >> okay, so we like to do facts first here, okay? he claims only four in ten african-americans got the shot. an nbc poll has similar findings. so the pew poll finds seven in ten african-americans got the shot, almost exactly the same as white americans, where 72% have

gotten the shot. it's like 70% of african-americans as opposed to 60-some percent of white americans. what are these baseless claims about, ana? >> i think the truth is african-americans and hispanics got a slow start. look, you can't blame our communities for getting a slow start, okay? there's a lot of experiments, a lot of historical baggage that we are carrying. so i think that for a large portion of hispanics and african-americans, they said, okay, let's see what happens with the white people, let's see what happens with the rich white people, if they don't grow horns and they don't grow tails, we're going to get them. and we're seeing that that is happening. the amount of hispanics that are getting it, has increased by double digits. it's been a dramatic increase for african-americans in the last several months as well. credit is due to churches, to

community centers, to community leaders, to all sorts of people, spokespeople, doctors in those communities, who have reached out and gone into the community and tried to convince people to do this. and also, don, let's remember, there was no access for poor black and brown people in january and february, when the donors of political leaders were getting the vaccines, they were rich donors to hospitals and philanthropies, were getting the vaccine. poor black and brown people, poor people in america, did not have access to the vaccine. that's also why we got a slow start. >> and then as we continued, limited access, more limited than other populations. so listen, dr. reiner, i want to dig into these polling numbers more and look at the breakdown by religion. the least vaccinated group in

america with white evangelicals with 57% saying they received one shot, equal only to the uninsured. at this point are mandates a way forward to get vaccinated? because there are clearly plenty of groups who aren't doing it on their own. >> yes. in fact we've seen in recent months, if you look at the military, since the military instituted mandates about three weeks ago, the percent of u.s. servicepeople who have become vaccinated has risen from about 71% to over 80%. so mandates do work. they'll work in the private sector. they'll work all around the country. there is a hard-core group of people who just won't get vaccinated. most recent polling suggests that number has decreased to maybe 15%. but for everyone else, all kinds

of initiatives will help. mandates will force some people to get vaccinated. patient education continues to move people towards vaccination. and then sadly, seeing people in your community, seeing your relatives and friends die or be hospitalized with very serious long term consequences, convinces people to get vaccinated. i think that's why we're seeing increased rates of vaccination in some parts of the south because some parts of the south have really been just crushed by this fourth wave of this virus. but i do think mandates will help and i think we'll see that as the next several weeks go by. >> you're right, we are seeing increased vaccinations in the south, among all populations, but especially among black and brown people in the south, which is where it is most important right now. thank you both, i appreciate it. conservative pundits and radio hosts who have railed against vaccines are often facing their own battle with covid.

now we're learning of another who has died from the virus.

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we are learning that conservative radio host bob inurt who was outspoken against voiced vaccines died last week from the virus. he is one of several antivaccination conservative hosts to succumb to covid. more tonight from cnn's chief

media correspondent brian stelter. >> we will worship together. we will have congregational singing. and we can do that without the government interfering. >> reporter: this was den for pastor and radio host bob inurt last octave suing colorado over mask mandates and capacity limits in state churches. >> we were so thankful that a federal court would recognize our god-given right to worship. >> reporter: now his fans are praying for his family. he died last week after contracting covid-19. his show is on hiatus. and this kind of thing keeps happening. "the washington post" counted four conservative talk show hosts who died after battles with covid over the summer. inurt would count as the fifth. >> i'm not taking it. come on, are you kidding me, mr. anti-vaxx? jeepers. >> reporter: that was long time

florida radio host marc bernier after his co-host asked if he would get the pfizer vaccine. bernier referred to himself as mr. anti-vaxx. he died last month. back in february, christian radio broadcaster jimmy de youyoung espoused anti-vaxx ideas. >> it will be a measure of control. >> reporter: he contracted covid last month and died from it after eight days in the hospital. the most prominent example was phil valentine, a popular tennessee host who dismissed the need to get vaccines but when he wound up in the hospital, he had regrets, saying he wanted to be pro vaccine when he was back at work. valentine died last month. >> and good afternoon, ladies, gentlemen. >> reporter: in florida, radio host dick farrell mocked the vaccinated, asking on facebook, why take a vax promoted by

people who lied to you all along about masks, where the virus came from, and the death toll. but when farrell got sick, he had a change of heart as well, encouraging a friend to get the shot, according to "the post." he also died last month. trusted right wing media figures succumbing to the virus and leaving a sad digital trail. >> i have a message. never comply. never comply. >> reporter: veronica walski, an outspoken qanon supporter, posted often about vaccines. she complained that the hospital she entered when she got covid wouldn't treat her with ivermectin. but the fda and cdc strongly recommend against that drug for

preventing for treating the virus. while staunch anti-vaxxers like dick farrell eventually realized their mistake, it was a realization that came too late. >> he said, you need to get the shot. and he told me he wished he had. >> and now the facebook and instagram pages for these deceased men and women are full of debate and controversy, mirroring america's divide. you see some people saying rest in peace, i'm so sorry, while others ridicule these individuals for denying the dangers of covid. what is impossible to know is whether the listeners of these radio shows are actually changing their minds now, now that the hosts are no longer with us, don. >> thank you, brian, i appreciate that. one pennsylvania school district now in the spotlight for banning books that deal with race and our country's history. and students aren't happy about it. be proud of your walls. where's your furniture? oh we thought it distracted from the new behr dynasty paint color. let me take your coats.

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(music) ♪ i think to myself ♪ ♪ what a wonderful world ♪ tonight a battle is under way in york, pennsylvania over the school district's banning of certain books and other resources that deal with race, racism and american history. the ban was put in place nearly a year ago but it's students now returning to the classroom who are demanding answers. here is cnn's evan mcmorris-santoro. >> reporter: do you think the adults who banned these books have read these books? >> absolutely not.

i don't think a moral compass could let you ban books that say equality, and loving each other. >> reporter: they're standing up to the latest example of controversy surrounding history and race that is affecting a growing number of america's public schools. >> the school board can't silence our voices. >> reporter: last fall the all-white school board of the central work school districts unanimously banned a list of educational resources. >> that resource list, which has a lot of bad ideas and some books i would definitely not want in our district. >> i do not feel it's fair. it's divisive. >> reporter: that list includes a book about rosa parks, cnn's sesame street town hall on racism, and much, much more. >> this is hidden figures. the movie was -- >> reporter: like from the movie? >> yes. >> reporter: it's frustrate for the students. >> this is a board that after

hearing their students' concerns about diversity in the district, hearing my struggles with race, being an indian-american, consistently feeling like i didn't belong, after all those conversations for weeks on end, they still pursued this book ban. >> once you learn genuine history, i don't want to learn a white washed version. i want to hear all of it. i don't want to -- i don't want everyone to be worried about how we feel, because no one was worried about how bipoc members of the community felt. >> reporter: the ban caused school librarians to pull books from shelves and is creating real fear among educators. >> i have to now, with this resource ban, think twice about whether or not i should or could use a james baldwin quote as an opening for my class. >> there are teachers looking over their shoulders, wondering whether someone will be at their door, darkening their door, you said something, you used something you were not supposed

to. >> reporter: the fact that all the banned materials are by or about people of color is just a coinc coincidence, according to the school board president. concerns were based on the content of the resources, not the author or topic, she said in a statement. she and the rest of the school board refused to speak on camera. she says it's not a ban, the materials are frozen while the board vets them. but the process is still ongoing. after nearly a year. that suits some parents in this 82% white district just fine. >> i don't want my daughter growing up feeling guilty because she's white. >> reporter: that sentiment is spreading. at least 27 states have passed or are considering policies strictly defining what students are allowed to learn about race. one expert says the york ban is something new. >> this seems pretty egregious. i mean, i can see how certain trainings or workshops that some parents take exception to seem really outside of what a history class can be expected to do.

but the kind of things being banned here make me feel there is now sort of an allergy to anything that mentions race or racism. >> reporter: this is about more than a book, a movie, or a curriculum, some veteran teachers say. in york, they worry it's a war on their profession. >> i am not an enemy of the state. i am here to take care of your babies when they walk into my classroom. there are some i'm looking up at but they're still babies. >> boy, oh, boy. evan mcmorris-santoro joins me now. i mean, this is ridiculous. it's outrageous. thank you for that piece, it's really great reporting. this seems really broad. what was the issue with cnn's sesame street town hall on race? >> reporter: don, that's the question, students in the piece were asking, parents are asking, teachers are asking, and i asked several times while i was in york. but the board refuses to talk about the specific things they don't like with things like elmo asking about race or a rosa parks biography or the 2017

academy award winning best documentary feature. people who are watching this, watch this issue nationally, say this york situation could present a new front in this battle in which anything that centers on non-white people, their experiences, their lives, their history, could be suspect. they say that's a very, very scary thing to think about, don. >> let's remember, as they say, there's no systemic racism. that was sarcasm, by the way. thank you, sir, i appreciate the reporting. so this battle over books in pennsylvania is the latest flashpoint in schools, right? but are all these fights more about the adults than the kids?

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or your asthma worsens. headache and sore throat may occur. this is the sound of fasenra. ask your doctor about fasenra. if you can't afford your medication, astrazeneca may be able to help. we've been talking about what students might be learning about race in school, having real consequences. a school board in pennsylvania banning dozens of books and discussions of race in america. joining me, ashley alison and scott jennings. good evening to you. scott, we love to have you on for these issues involving race, maybe just for your facial expressions. >> i'm glad you have these panels, you're brave for having them and i think we ought to have of them. >> thank you. ashley, schools becoming ideological battlegrounds,

whether it's masks or the bogeyman of critical race theory, how much of this is about the parents instead of the kids caught >> well, you know, i was reflecting on the segment. and one of the people said they are teaching really bad things, like slavery and discrimination. yes, there are terrible things that we should not have done. and yet, we need to teach our kids about the history because if you do not know your history, you are destined to repeat it. but unfortunately, we now see parents or adults who are preventing having the full truth being taught. i used to be a school teacher. and i don't actually it's teachers who don't want to be taught -- teach the full truth. it is the administrators that are putting some constraints on them. as a teacher, you ever obligation and a responsibility to teach verbs, nouns, the revolutionary war, and the civil war. you cannot pick and choose the facts that you want to teach. you, also, have an obligation to teach students critical-thinking

skills. and it is very clear that the students in new york and all around the country are saying, i smell bs and i am not buying it, and i want a full, complete story of this country. and i will use my critical thinking skills to discern what is good policy and bad policy and it's the adults that are not leading. and we're relying on young people, yet again, to save us from poor leadership of adults that should not be in the positions that they are in. >> so, scott, listen, we are talking about sesame street, rosa parks book. this isn't controversial stuff. it's enlightening. the right and the fox-propaganda network love to attack safe spaces and cancel culture. they are all about pushing back against censorship. isn't this -- you know, this school board being hypocritical here? isn't this about censoring and cancelling books? >> well, i -- i read the list of materials that was on the banned list. and i found a lot of, you know, variance there.

you know, the sesame street episode. the biography about row a parks seems to be far different kind of material than the book white fragility, which i can't begin to imagine why that is in a public school. so there is some stuff on there that seems perfectly reasonable to have in a school and some stuff that, you know, i am not necessarily a fan of being part of a school curriculum, nor would i think most parents would be if they are concerned about their kids being sent into a school and being told because you were born white in america, you are inherently rotten and racist and we are going to fix it. so, it strikes me that there is a middle ground here and the middle ground is, number one, banning materials is not a good idea. i read in the cnn story we just posted a couple hours ago that not only were they taken out of the curriculum, but they were pulled off the library shelves. it strikes me that all materials could live in a library and if students wanted to access materials and use them for book reports and things, that should be perfectly fine. it also strikes me that there is a huge difference between some of the things that were banned and others that were banned that

maybe ought to be re-reviewed. so i am sympathetic about parents worried about what their kids are learning. i am also sympathetic to the students who rightly have their radar, their antenna up when they are hearing things are being taken out of libraries. having something available in a library doesn't mean it has to be in the curriculum but it also means students can get access to it, if they want it. >> look, ashley. you know -- go on. go on. >> these -- no teacher is teaching someone just because they are white, that they are bad. they are teaching history and we cannot omit who were perpetrators and -- and -- and some of the oppressive policies that we have. this is it is history. i never said one person is better than another person but we have -- we cannot run away from the facts. and so, it is a -- a weak argument to just say, like, because i read something that makes me feel uncomfortable, i'm going to assume that the teacher is saying that my student is bad or that i am bad. no, it's the facts and if you

don't like the facts, then let's not ever repeat an oppressive policy like slavery or discrimination or voter suppression or not giving a woman a right to choose. but that's not what -- you know, that's not the argument. they just want to ban all of history because they are afraid of having tough conversations. >> look, i have to say i am a big fan of james baldwin. and the fire next time was controversial when it was written and now it is part of curriculums all across the country. and people laud the work. listen, we will continue this conversation. i got to go. thanks for watching, everyone. before we go, i want to tell you about our special champions for change series happening all next week on cnn. stories that spotlight everyday people who may not always make headlines, but still inspire others. you have to see mine. get in that water and swim. here is a quick preview. >> join your favorite cnn anchors for a special week. >> immigrants enrich our country, and they are proving it. >> sharing stories of changemakers.

>> this is one of the most devastating and, yet, preventable issues of our day. >> he helps the defenseless learn to defend themselves. >> peter teaches courage, confidence, trust. >> she saw a need, and every day, she sets out to fulfill that need. >> he is using scuba diving for a better environment. >> she is a trailblazing black woman. >> preserving the ocean for our children. empowering women for financial independence. >> no one should drown because they don't know how to swim. very good, very good, very good. >> small steps can lead to a big impact. >> we are hope can help kids in school and beyond. >> he is a champion. >> she's a champion. >> for change. >> change. >> change. >> champions for change. all next week on cnn. ♪ there's an america we build ♪ ♪ and one we explore one that's been paved and one that's forever wild

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good evening. today, the pentagon said capitol police have requested assistance from the d.c. national guard as fencing is expected to go up around the u.s. capitol this week. both actions security measures ahead of a right-wing rally scheduled for saturday. that's meant to protest the arrest of rioters who stormed the capitol january 6th. it's part of the legacy of the former president. spelled in disturbing detail in "peril," the forthcoming book by bob woodward and his "washington post" colleague. general milley, chairman of the joint chiefs of staff under both president biden and the former president. according to the author, general milley twice called his counterpart in china. one once, days before the election, the other,