is very close and it can change. and this feeling of safety can be illusion. so, the feeling of danger is all the time with us. so, every day, every morning i wake up and i say thank you for another night. now we have another day. and we take one day at a time. and each day can be the last. it's very hard feeling. >> and you are still resolute to stay. >> i stay. i stood resolute to stay. i stay here because this is my home. if you guys afraid to, then i have no option not to be afraid. if i leave, nobody else is going to come and protect my home and protect me. so, it should be me. it should be my husband. it should be my neighbors. we should protect ourselves. we should fight ourselves. i don't want to sacrifice my children. i don't want to sacrifice myself. i don't want to be a martyr or something.

i want -- don't want to be part of the big show. i don't want to be a part of this tragedy. the touching movies we can do after all this land, oh, once upon a time there was olena and her children and she perished because she loved ukraine and the touching music and blah, blah, blah, i don't want this. i want to leave. i want my kids to go back to school in kindergarten. but to be able to attempt kindergarten and normal childhood again, we have to put big effort into this. so, this is what we do. we face it. we do our best. and i still hope -- i still hope -- that the western leaders will -- will do something. because i have a feeling that it's possible to stop this war. it's possible to stop it now. it's not too late. i have a feeling, and i still believe it will happen. >> as you say, you are -- you

are fighting for just a normal life, fighting to have your kids go to school, grow up like everyone else. >> yes, yes. i don't want anything special. i just want my peaceful, normal life back. i just want to go back to my bedroom. i want my husband back into my bed. i want, you know, just to have normal peaceful life that i had before. i want to continue doing videos about ukraine and my youtube channel about how the history of this country, about the culture of this country. so, i just want to live. >> olena gnes, i appreciate you taking the time to talk to us. thank you. >> you're welcome. >> a mother and her three children in a basement in kyiv tonight. there's still a lot to cover in the hour ahead, as fears mount that russians may be considering the use of chemical and biological weapons. we'll check in with former u.s. secretary of defense.

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today russia has been broadening is war in ukraine, hitting cities in the west of the country, closer to lviv, closer to nato territory, and trying to pressure the capital of kyiv. just in the last hour, repeated explosions were being heard there. retired general mark hertling said the type of noise clarissa ward was explaining described tank fire. part of the huge convoy we showed you last night. the photos are from the satellite imaging company maxar. you can see the smoke from some of the guns. the satellite camera appears to

have captured the muzzle flash from one of them. not clear what the target was or what hour that was taken. i want to get right to matthew chance. matthew, in the last 30 minutes or so, have you continued to hear shelling? >> reporter: yeah, here in kyiv it's been quite noisy actually over the past couple hours with big explosions that we've been hearing, you know, on the outskirts of the city, an indication of the fierce fighting that's still continuing, particularly to the north of the city where russian forces are taking a pretty concerted advance towards the ukrainian capital. we've also seen quite a lot of outgoing fire from inside kyiv as well. just a short distance from here. surface-to-air missiles, presumably firing at aircraft, missiles in the skies above. it's a tense evening tonight. the people of kyiv, defense

forces, officials very anxious. >> that is the concern that there would be some sort of stranglehold around it, which, one, would limit supplies coming in, food, medicine, things like that, but also weaponry, which is still wanting to be sent from european countries in the united states. and obviously once encircled or at least partially encircled, there could just be bombardment into the city to try to break the will of people before there's any kind of even russian actual invasion of the city. >> yeah, i mean, that's the concern, of course. i think there's already a lot of weapons inside the city. and ukrainians, the armed forces, the citizenry that have decided to stay, have made it absolutely clear that they're not going to give up the capital city without a ferocious fight.

and you've seen that taking place already. we visited the tank columns, the armored columns that have been hammered, destroyed in unexpectedly strong defense of the city. and that's likely to be the case if there is a big push by the russians into the city center. they're not going to give it up easily. but, you know, resources are finite for the ukrainians, whereas the russians, if the will is there politically at the kremlin, could keep on piling up and doubling up on the military pressure. and that's the big -- i think the big danger, the big concern for this city and other cities around the country. >> matthew chance in kyiv. matthew, thank you. i want to go next to cnn's nick paton walsh in odesa who is bracing for a russian assault. nick, you are in odesa tonight. there was heavy shelling tonight. are the russian troops getting closer to odesa?

>> reporter: at this stage, it seems the answer is no, although the dynamics around nicolai do appear to be changing. and certainly the intensity of the shelling that we've seen tonight in mic live is troubling. the images that have emerged are backed up by a statement by the regional head. it shows intense explosions. it has to be grand rockets hitting near the residential complex. the regional head has been talking about a cafe, a car workshop, other residential areas being hit. not new, of course, because russian forces, frustrated by their inability to get into mic live itself have been shelling residential areas over the past couple days. we've seen the impact of that ourselves, cluster munitions landing in vegetable patches, cars, extraordinary level of indiscriminate damage. the question really is, given the regional head talked about

how they are seeing fierce clashes to the north, does this mark a new bid by russian forces to move in? or are they again trying to encircle from the north around to the west potentially to enact the sort of siege we've seen grotesquely play out in mariupol. it's an edgy feeling tonight. >> is this the city which you talked about the mayor telling people to bring tires to intersections? >> that's right. i mean, look, it's been an extraordinary thing to observe because it's playing out in plain sight. the regional head has this fantastic telegram channel in which he consistently every hour tells people a brief update. in fact, when i met him, it was something his wife had told him to get into. he hadn't thought about doing it until then. it has been very effective in terms of providing live updates

to locals. tonight, his last post said, hey, it's boring, i'm going to sleep, don't worry. whether that really reflects the reality, i don't know. but it gives you a short of snapshot as to how basic tools are being used by ukrainians here to harness people in their defense, putting tires on the street corners, and getting ready for a potential russian invasion is certainly one of those moves. anderson? >> i believe that's -- we had general david petraeus on the program last night, and i think it was this city he was pointing to saying watch that conflict there and what the regional head there is doing. he's been really extraordinary. nick paton walsh, i appreciate you being in that region. thank you so much in odesa tonight. i want to get perspective from the nato and american effort. doing it as concerns grow about chemical and biological welfare on the part of concerns by the u.s. and european nations.

joining us now former defense secretary william cohen. secretary cohen, the fact that russia appears to be shifting focus -- or at least widening the conflict, launching attacks in western ukraine in airfield just 70 miles from the border of nato, of poland, nato ally. what does it tell you about the future of just where this is headed? >> things are not going well for the russians. and you may recall that vladimir putin was said to be a genius. so, we are watching a genius at work here. but in fact it looks more like butchery than a genius or a world class chess player. things are not going well because he -- putin -- overestimated his abilities with his military, underestimated the fighting spirit of the ukrainian people. so, he's trying to widen it to see if he can instill more fear

and spread the fear throughout the country. but whatever he does, no matter how many cities he tries to level, it's clear he can't conquer the hearts and minds of the ukrainian people. so, at the end of all this, you say, how is this going to play out? and i think what we're watching is the incredible shrinking of the russian president. if you look at the president of russia now, he's sitting at the end of that long table, which gets longer every day, and he's more alone every day. and he's basically saying, yeah, i'm the commander in chief. i'm the chess player. i'm the genius at work here. and i don't know what that says for him going forward in the future, but he certainly has been dmin ushed in the eyes of the world as being a first class leader. because the one who has emerged as the first class leader is president zelenskyy. so, i think the -- all of the talk about the use of chemical and biological weapons, i think

that is not without some validity. i don't think the administration will be talking about that if they didn't have some indication either by precedent in terms of how putin has conducted wars in the past or murdered his citizens or poisoned them or supported people like assad in syria that dump barrel bombs and chemical weapons on their people. i think they would not be saying this unless there's some indication that there is talk with them, the kremlin, of doing something of this magnitude. so, i think we have to be concerned about it and prepared for it and call him out on it. and i know you had a segment talking about this is an act or a war against the crime against humanity. i think we're there. i don't think we need a whole lot more proof, even though there's some doubt from a prosecutorial point of view. >> you heard president biden say that russia will pay a severe price if they use chemical weapons. obviously not doing what president obama had done

regarding syria, saying that there was a red line. it's always dangerous if you set a red line if you don't actually mean to hold to that. i'm not sure what a severe price is, and obviously he left it open ended. do you think chemical weapons attack would -- what kind of a price would -- i don't even know if it's worth kind of going down that road to figure that out. let me ask you what i really want to know is what do you think is the end game here for russia. i mean, if -- i don't understand. if they are able to somehow occupy kyiv and odesa and, you know, the towns in the south and land bridge to crimea and they destroy the country. they then are responsible for the country, for having to rebuild it. that doesn't seem to be a task that they want to take on. >> they have to rebuild it with the possibility of uncertainty

being conducted while they try to rebuild it if they do at all. so, i think president putin is in a position now where there should be a path or way out of this. i would hope -- i still want to come back to the chinese and also the indians who maintained relations with putin. and hopefully they'll use their influence to say, this is not going well for you, but you are also causing great -- just, i would say, discontent throughout the economic economy as such, that this is going to have wide-ranging impact not only in your country but in ours and potentially others as well. so, i'm hoping that the chinese, even though they're not saying it publicly, are working behind the scenes to say, let's find a way out of this that you can pound your chest and say, see how strong i am, and president zelenskyy can say, i'm still free and we're still an independent country, not dominated by russia. there's a way to do this.

and i think what the ultimate goal should be, how we get there depends not on the u.s. specifically but on the friends of putin who can talk to him, whereas he's not going to be talking to us. and certainly no one in russia is going to come to putin and say, mr. president, i think we made a mistake here. i think you ought to call this off. >> yeah. >> that's a ticket to the gu log for anyone who wants to do that from the russian perspective. >> secretary cohen, it's always a pleasure to talk to you. a appreciate it. coming up next, my conversation with a russian journalist, author of a remarkable book about vladimir putin and the people close to him, the people in the court of vladimir putin. and later to secretary cohen's remarks about whether russia is committing war crimes in ukraine, we'll be joined by the international criminal court's first prosecutor ahead. like what you see abe? yes! 2b's covered with zero overdraft fees when he oveverdraws his account by fifty bucks or less.

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him, the people in the court of stuff. we love stuff. and there's some really great stuff out there. but i doubt that any of us will look back on our lives and think, "i wish i'd bought an even thinner tv, found a lighter light beer, or had an even smarter smartphone."

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knowing what makes vladimir putin tick and the people around him tick to the extent it can be known matters. even barring that, it helps to identify who or what factors might alter the way he uses it. these questions are why we're talking to mikhail zygar, author of "all the kremlin's men." you have high relationships with high level businessmen. i wonder what your sense is of what vladimir putin is doing in ukraine, and why do you think he's changed? >> you know, i think he's gone through a long way. and according to his mindset, he's in the unique situation when all of his enemies or all of the forces he considers to be enemies are in the weakest possible position.

and during the last years, he was dreaming up some kind of revenge for those years of humiliation felt by russia in the beginning of '90s. and that's the point when he thinks that he can -- he thinks he can make it. >> you wrote about something called the -- you called the collective putin, the idea that those in his inner circle try to always anticipate his wants. does that dynamic still exist? >> oh, i think more than ever because during all those years, only those people who really can guess what he wants them to say and say it exactly right, only those people still have the access to president putin. and those, for example, liberal

advisers who used to be close to him during the first two presidential terms, have completely lost any access. so, he's feeling much more isolated, what he used to be, especially after the covid quarantine when his inner circle has become really, really very, like, several people. >> so, there's nobody -- he's not somebody who likes to have a cabinet of rivals. he's not somebody to likes to have differences of opinion, people coming to him saying, sir, that's -- that's not correct? >> definitely. and, you know, in war, he's absolutely sure that he's the first, he's the one and only to save the country, and he's the only capable to solve all the problems.

and i guess that since he's returned to the presidency in year 2012, he thinks that he knows the answers to all the questions. he knows his barrier. he really dislikes all of his advisers in terms of he thinks that they are not really brilliant politicians and not really bureaucrats. he believes that everything he does, he does better than ever. he is the most experienced politician, so he -- he doesn't see any rivals. >> does the support of oligarchs -- how important is that to him? do you think the sanctions will have any affect? >> i think that we have come to the new era in russian history, and oligarchs are no more important because obviously

those people who used to be called oligarchs, who used to be very rich people, are not that rich and definitely are not oligarchs because they are not influential anymore. most of them have lost everything from the access to kremlin to the large amount of their money and property. so, probably as russia is going to be performed in some kind, he will need to organize someone, some showcase. i guess that the trials of oligarchs are going to be seen very shortly. >> everything comes to an end. how do you think this ends for vladimir putin? >> personally, i don't believe in possibility of any kind of coup because i think he has picked and chosen his body

guards and his inner circle by the criteria of loyalty. and probably each of them understand that they are so dependent on him, he is the source of their prosperity. he is the source of their stability. so, i guess he's safe so far. >> it's fascinating. mikhail, thank you so much. mikhail zygar, thank you. >> thank you, anderson. just ahead, it is examples like this, an air strike on a ma ternty hospital that has the white house suggesting even the possibility of war crimes on russia. we'll talk to a former process coos tor of the ininternational former court next to discuss. ton bath time into a business. ♪ ♪ find a northwestern mutual advisor at nm.com

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as civilians tonight are under intense firing, the white house says there are now, quote, strong indications -- their words -- russia is committing war crimes in ukraine. the administration cited examples including the russian strike that hit a maternity hospital in mariupol. president biden also warned russia that if it uses chemical weapons it will pay a, quote, severe price. i'm joined now by louise ocampo, who was the first prosecutor for the international criminal court back in 2003.

the international criminal court says they are opening investigation. can you walk us through what that process is? >> well, the common prosecutor was very fast to decide to open investigation last week. he asked support from state because he can go to judges to request authorization. but 41 states are request him to do it. so, now it's already investigating. and yesterday he did two important things. he -- the prosecutor is asking people to help to collect evidence. in the previous prosecutor indicted the general because people sent to her videos on social media showing krooims. so social media showing crimes. so, the prosecutor is open to

this. he received the link in his office for this. you start this conversation mentioning what the u.s. was saying. okay. u.s. normally is provide evidence. u.s. find a way to provide evidence to the prosecutor if the u.s. really wants to support justice for ukraine. >> yeah, i mean, is it complicated by the fact that the united states doesn't recognize the icc, nor does russia? could that undermine or muddy efforts to hold russia accountable? >> well, the prosecutor has to collect the evidence. and in fact, we met gaddafi in three months. and his son and his intentions. and no u.s. and no supporter but different countries provide information, help us, and we collected. so, international court is critical to this type of job. it's not perfect, but it's the

only institution who can help to protect civilians. that's a fact. so, u.s. should learn how to use better agency to provide the evidence but also, for instance, they are -- today the prosecutor announced the indictment of three general member of the state who was independent from georgia in 2008. and now he indicted three of them. u.s. can discuss how to plan to arrest people. people like cnn, like you, who present not just the crimes committed. you can present who can be bo involved in the crime. who are the generals involved in the crime. if i'm a russian general, i don't want to see my face on cnn saying i ordered the bombing and i can be indicted. so, i don't like that. so, we can use better -- the only thing we have international criminal court because there is no other institution. u.s. is going to be sanctioned,

but that's not punishing the individuals committing the crimes today. >> yeah. in the court though, you have to find -- do you have to find intent as well? yes, civilians are being killed. it has to be purposeful, yes? >> exactly. and it's not just that because the goal is to investigate the most responsible people. so, it's not the soldier. so, you have to show the chain of command. who ordered the bombing? what was the perception of civilians in the area? why -- it's true that hospitals targeted. why the bombing was against hospital? this information you need. you cannot indict people without evidence. so, because we know that. however, the problem is i don't think putin will be responsible personally involving committing war crimes. you see, he was absolutely

clearly responsible for aggression crime, invading a sovereign country. that's obvious. the problem is legally that crime require an approval of the security council. and that's why it's a failure by design because the security council, no one can stop u.s. or invade iraq. and today no one can legally stop russia in ukraine. that's a sad scene. and that's why indicting putin is much more complicated. and in fact the most serious crime is aggression crime because the war who have terrible consequence for people in ukraine and people in the world, that is consequently launching a war. that would be a strain -- sorry? >> yeah. it's interesting, the aggression crime versus the war crime

distinction. i really appreciate your time and your expertise tonight. thank you. >> thank you very much. vladimir putin hasn't been able to fool the world about his actions in ukraine, but he does have a tight grip on information flow within his own country. so many russians are buying their leader's propaganda, even those who have loved ones in ukraine. we'll talk to a moscow-based reporter for the "new york times" who tells us about how many ukrainians are hearing from their relatives in russia that they believe vladimir putin and not their own family members. we're team players and artists. designers and dodo-it-yourselfers. parents and friends. if joint pain is getting in the way of who you are, it's time to talk to your doctor about enbrel. enbrel helps relieve joint pain, and helps stop permanent joint damage. plus enbrel helps skin get clearer in psoriatic arthritis. ask your doctor about enbrel, so you can get back to your true self. play ball! enbrel may lower your ability to fight infections. serious, sometimes fatal events including infections,

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new shelling tonight around ukraine's capital, kyiv, big explosions heard around the outskirts of the city. meanwhile russian president vladimir putin has been cracking down on any reporting accurately calling this an invasion or war. and the wave of disinformation is seeping into so many people's minds, some ukrainians have encountered backlash from family members, a lot of ukrainians who have loved ones in russia. family members, brothers, sisters, parents, folks in russia have bought into the

kremlin's propaganda and denied to their loved ones what is happening to them. more now, a moscow-based correspondent for the "new york times." you just did an article about how many people in russia do not believe what is happening here. and for ukrainians, it's not just strangers. it's their brothers and sisters, their parents don't believe what is happening in this country. >> thank you, anderson. yeah, it's pretty shocking actually. you know, i was just going around doing my normal reporting, and one after another they all told me that they were experiencing so much trauma from the bombing, from fleeing their home, from fleeing, and there was this other trauma going on, which is they were trying to tell their family what's going on, begging their family to do something, and their family members were simply like, no, there's no bombing going on. just read the news.

civilians are not going to be affected. putin was very clear. this is a very limited military operation being conducted by the local militias of these two break away republics. it's clear the majority of russians don't know the extent of what's happening here, and certainly some of them don't want to know. >> that's always my question. i talked to a composer yesterday who has a cousin who didn't even call him or his mother to see how they were doing after the invasion, in fact didn't call for three days. and when he did call, the invasion was not on his mind. he was just calling and doesn't believe what is going on here. >> well, i mean, putin and the russian government have been preparing the ground for this for such a long time. they've been preparing the ground for media control and media domination that was more or less completely -- almost completely achieved last friday when the last remaining independent media were taken off the air, the websites taken down, banned, and those that are still operating have decided not

to report on the war so they don't go to jail for up to 15 years. what was shocking to me is it's one thing as though people are watching the news and believing what they see, that it was so shocking to me that this propaganda could be thicker than blood. >> you talked to somebody in mariupol, which was a city under siege, what was their experience talking to their relative? >> this was shocking to me. i was just trying to find out what's happening in mariupol because there's no water, there's no food. there's no cell service. it's very difficult to get ahold of people who are there, even though it's a city of almost half a million people. i spoke to a whom finally made it out a few days ago. she was explaining to me her ordeal, what was happening to her, the dead bodies she saw, her family stuck behind. and he said, it's really shocking for me that my brother, misha, who left mariupol when it first came under attack by russian backed forces and decided he wasn't interested in the war, went to russia, wasn't

a fighter, normal guy. he's been in touch with him to say, you know, our mom is under bombing. our mom may not survive. that is what's happening. and he's telling her, you clearly haven't been reading enough news. j just look at the news. it's very clear this is just a elemented operation. no civilians are being affected. >> his own mother is in the siege of mariupol, and he doesn't believe that his mother's life is in danger. >> no, no. you know, and it's just -- it boggles the mind. but what's also become more frustrating -- i met this woman actually here today in mariupol. she's trying to figure whether she's going to stay in ukraine. she left her husband and parents behind, she doesn't know, she has no money. somebody wrote on facebook, do you 100% believe the maternity clinic was bombed. i think those are crisis actors. that looks staged. i'm based in moscow, although i

haven't been there for a while, and i receiving invitations to press conferences that are being held by government officials and the regulatory agency on how to stop the fake news. >> that term fake news has been grabbed by autocrats and their hinch men all around the world now, and they use that as a weapon. and whenever they use it, it is -- they are lying usually. >> yes, and they are trying to prime their whole populations who now, in urussia, have almos no access to independent information. they're planning their population is just to dismiss everything that makes them uncomfortable. and it's very terrifying. >> so many people here have family in russia. and to see how families are divided over this and divided in their willingness to accept the reality. thank you so much for your reporting. >> thank you very much, anderson. an estimated 1 million children among the flood of

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[laughs] we'll drive you happy at carvana. russians still have the goal, it seems to encircle kyiv. there were big explosions heard there tonight. around the capitol life will never be the same. of course, for those who have managed to escape this widening war in ukraine, families have been separated, torn apart. refugees have flooded to different countries, many of them children. some are still managing to stay connected to their schooling and their classmates and even teachers who are also displaced. cnn's ivan watson has more from moldova. >> reporter: an all-too familiar scene for parents who lived through the pandemic. the difference here most of these ukrainian school kids are refugees reconnecting with their

classmates and teacher online. in the last two weeks, the students and their teacher fled to different countries to escape russia's invasion of ukraine. how old are your students? >> 7, 8. >> reporter: from poland, she teaches her students online classes even though the school stopped paying her salary. >> translator: none of us know what will happen next, but these classes with my children are like a bridge to my past life in ukraine. they help us feel connected. >> reporter: war-time distance learning, there's a lot of this going on right now. >> do you think the online classes are helping these kids? >> very much. it's helping them and helping them to fill their routine, that life is still going on, that it's not the end of the world. >> reporter: alexander is a school teacher who fled the ukrainian city of odesa to

moldova. >> children ask me if i'm safe, where i am, with who i am. they were asking me before me asking them. >> reporter: in the afternoon, he comes here, a makeshift school for ukrainian children in the moldavian capitol. >> parents asked me to make a place to feel safe and emotionally for two, three hours or more to escape all this. >> reporter: half of his online students fled across borders. the other half are still in ukraine. >> the first lesson in zoom, to help somebody, maybe your mother needs help, maybe mother's friends need help. i cannot change the world, but i can change me and change, like, the mood of my mother. >> reporter: these girls say they're looking forward to starting online classes with their ukrainian classmates on monday. >> she says she wants to find

out where her classmates traveled to and to make sure that they're healthy right now. >> reporter: this 8-year-old and his father stayed behind in ukraine. are you surprised when his teacher said, hey, we're going to continue online learning? >> honestly, yeah. i think that they are feeling this strong connection with ukraine, and then want to support us as much as they can, and also a new generation of ukrainian people. >> reporter: a new generation that may grow up in exile, relying on technology to stay connected to their homeland. ivan watson, cnn, moldova. >> amazing a teacher still teaching even though the school is no longer paying her. that's cnn's ivan watson reporting from moldova. we'll be right back. needs. even w with repeated combing hair treated w with dove shows 97% less brbreakage.

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comcast business. powering possibilities™. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com "don lemon tonight," next on cnn.