this is cnn breaking news. >> hello and welcome to our viewers all around the world and in the united states this hour. it's just past 6:00 a.m. in

lviv, ukraine. i'm hala gorani. the capital city kyiv is now under a 35-hour curfew as cnn's team on the ground as heard air raid sirens and a lot of explosions overnight. many of those russian attacks on kyiv and its suburbs. hit homes and apartment buildings, killing a number of civilians. four people died in the shelling of a western neighborhood in kyiv. and amid the fighting, the prime minister, and this is quite a bold move, the prime ministers of poland, the czech republic and slovenia went all the way to kyiv to meet with the ukrainian president, volodymyr zelenskyy in the middle of this war. the czech leader says the main purpose was to tell ukraine it's not alone in its fight with russia. and this is video from ukraine's second largest city kharkiv in the east. local officials report 65

instances of shelling on monday alone with 600 residential buildings destroyed since the invasion began. civilian evacuations were interrupted on monday by the renewed attacks. kharkiv's mayor says 50 schools, plus medical facilities and hospitals have all been attacked. >> translator: unfortunately, the shelling is continuous, both in the center part of kharkiv and in suburbs. it just continues incessant shouting and firing. it seems like it has increased towards the evening. and we've had more air strikes. and it seems like more of them actually hitting a residential blocks and buildings, infrastructure of the city. so basically, the situation is dire. >> well, the situation is dire

also in mariupol, the southeastern port city. people there are also desperate for help. a local official says russian troops are holding doctors and patients against their will at a hospital. >> the situation is catastrophic. i speak with my friend who today is go out, likely to go out from mariupol, and it's terrible because russians terrorists, not military. they are terrorists. take them as hostages, not only people in hospital, they take hostages all 300,000 people of mariupol for about ten days. >> well, farther west, satellite images show at least three russian helicopters destroyed by ukrainian forces at the airport in kherson. several military vehicles were also hit. people in mykolaiv are desperate to escape as russian forces

close in. the port city in southern ukraine is a critical route on russia's advance toward odesa. and now fears are growing that a ground assault on mykolaiv could come at any time. cnn's nick paton walsh has our story. >> reporter: this is the road down which russia's war of annihilation may lurch. and its emptiness speaks only of what is to come from russian-held kherson up here to the vital port of mykolaiv. they know what it is to be in russia's way. out of 18 homes, 10 are left in our village, she says. no electricity, gas, water, or heat. the only ones left are those who can't leave, another adds. they're young, edgy, thguns

raised, unsure who we are. press cards slowly calms them down and they apologize. but this is not an army in full control of its destiny. the trenches aware the rockets land every night. some are from odesa, moscow's eventual target here. others from just down the road. the house just over there. it's important to see what tools ukraine has been left with by a world that seems so concerned. they fight for their homes but tell me they captured russians who seemed unaware why they were even here. they said they can't understand what's going on, he said. they can't go back because back there they're being shot for retreating. so they advance or surrender. dust in mykolaiv has sounded

this way for weeks. but unbroken morale takes different forms. and this is a police chief driving a birthday gift to the governor with a captured russian machine gun soldered on to it. it does not distract from the seriousness of the twilight world in which his colleagues work. any drunk or man changing his car battery after curfew could be a russian saboteur, they fear. there really is no way to check by looking at phones and in trunks. the city is dark bar their lights, and the flash of a distant enemy's bombs. an urgent hospital call for blood has gone out. they rush to help.

the savagery of russia's targeting measurable in how dark this four-floor hospital keeps itself at night. invisible not from a power cut, but to avoid russian bombs. mykolaiv has been fearing encirclement for days. there is heartbreak for those who leave. amid the shared agony, still a tussle to get on to buses to moldova. the men stay. >> that's my wife and daughter. she goes to poland. because i have to come back. of course i have to come back. >> what will you do? >> i go -- this my country. this my country, what i must do. no poland, this is my home.

>> reporter: and there is heartbreak for those who stay. svetlana lost her husband in a rocket attack sunday that killed nine outside a shop. the violence here is a chain of moments of blinding grief. pieces left to wander alone. nick paton walsh, cnn, mykolaiv, ukraine. >> such powerful reporting.

robert english is the director of central european studies at the university of southern california. he joins me now from los angeles. what's your assessment now of the battlefield advances of russian troops? on the ground, they're not advancing. they're using other methods now. >> they're losing. they are losing this war. they can steadily grind forward, but they can't really take territory. they can't conquer. all they can do is terrorize and destroy civilian targets, civilian homes and hospitals. they're losing this war. >> so what happens next? when you say they're losing, they're obviously still present in the country, still shelling, still using missiles and air strikes. they're killing civilians, as you said. they are terrorizing civilian areas. where do we go from here? >> i think we stay the course.

i'm going to get personal and say what i think. but, again, ukrainians with western support are winning. putin doesn't see it in his delusion that he is now experiencing what we could say is diminishing returns, right. for every bullet that they're firing at ukrainian defenders, 100 bullets are going to come back at any russians who attempt to occupy and impose a puppet government. for every additional dollar they waste on this fantasy, $100 of vital foreign investment will never return to help the russian economy. and for every protest, for every russian protester that putin arrests at home, a thousand young scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs will leave the country and never return and hollow it out. putin is dooming his country to a generation of second or third-rate status. that's what i mean when i say he is losing, even if they grind

forward and continue to kill. >> but the problem is you said it yourself. and in fact, people who know him, who have spoken to him would agree with you that he is perhaps not completely grasping the reality of this situation on the ground and how on the back foot his troops are in some parts of ukraine in the way that you describe. but a delusional person does not follow logical thinking in the way that you might or that others might when they assess the situation cold headedly. could he use the most extreme type of weaponry? could he start leveling parts of city like he helped assad do in syria? >> he could. and he could also reach for the nuclear weapon. a small nuclear weapon to destroy ukrainian city. a larger nuclear weapon to threaten nato. that's why we are desperate not to provoke him in this state of

delusion and probably confusion as he tries to come to terms, as his military, his intelligence, his political advisers try to sum up the courage to tell him it's not working. we are losing. we have to change course. we have to sign a ceasefire. we have to pull back. we have to find some way to declare victory and go home. because if they just confront him, perhaps, that it's doomed, then maybe he will reach for the ultimate weapon. we're winning, but we haven't won because he still has weapons inspection. of mass destruction. >> sure. i spoke with the mayor of lviv yesterday and we were able to film him talking with the mayor of mykolaiv which is encircled by russian troops and getting hit very, very badly by artillery barrages and shelling. the mayor basically told him we're able to counterattack in some limited cases.

so it's not just that we're defending, we're able to push back. to what do you attribute this ukrainian ability, despite the fact that their military is so much smaller than the russians? >> they're defending their homeland. they're defending their wives, mothers, their homes and schools from a foreign invader. you know, putin might have thought that his army would fight that way, because russians have a reputation as fierce fighters in defense of what's theirs. but the russian there's now are demoralized, dispirited. they don't believe in what they're doing, and the ukrainians have that power of dedication and defense of what's theirs that makes them supermen on the battlefield. >> and i have to say, i was very, very -- i mean, i've covered other conflict zones. and i was very impressed with how organized everybody is, not just military, but organizing refugee flows. you're in a city like lviv that has taken 200,000 internally

displaced ukrainians. you wouldn't know unless someone told you that a city the size of lviv has absorbed 200,000 people. there is tremendous organization and discipline. for instance, alcohol sales are banned throughout the country so people stay sharp and continue fighting. i wonder. this war is not even three weeks old, and this country has organized itself with such discipline. why do you think that is? >> i think it's the same thing. they are -- they are acting on the battlefield in logistics, in organizing civilians, in everything you just described. they're acting with grim determination and sober dedication. the russians, they're drunk. putin is drunk with power, and i think half of the soldiers are probably drunk with something else to try to dull the pain, again, of what they know is doomed. it's amazing what humans, what societies can do when it's a matter of life and death. and boy did putin underestimate the ukrainians.

>> robert english, thank you so much for joining us. really appreciate it. >> you're welcome. well, president zelenskyy is just hours away from deliver aguiartime speech to the u.s. congress. he is expected to reiterate his call for a no-fly zone and fighter jets, requests the u.s. and nato have so far resisted. the no-fly zone in particular. mr. zelenskyy called nato's principle of collective defense weak on tuesday and he suggested he doesn't expect nato membership soon, which is interesting thing for him to say publicly. ukraine never joining nato was a repeated demand by russia in the run-up to this invasion. >> reporter: for years we have been hearing about how the door is supposedly open to nato membership, but now we hear we cannot enter that door. and it is true and it must be acknowledged. i am glad that our people are beginning to understand this and rely on themselves and on our partners who assist us.

>> well, after mr. zelenskyy's speak to congress, the u.s. president is expected to announce another round of assistance to ukraine. this comes as joe biden plans a trip to europe next week to attend a meeting of nato leaders and the european council. kaitlan collins has details from the diplomatic front. >> yeah, president zelenskyy and president biden both expected to give major speeches on wednesday. first ukraine president zelenskyy is going to address the united states congress where we know he is going to thank the united states for the support that they have given to ukraine since russia invaded. but he is also expected to ask the west for more assistance. and two of his major demands have been to create a no-fly zone over ukraine, and also to send the ukrainian air force more fighter jets. two things that have been firm no's from the white house so far, citing conflicts they believe that could draw the united states into, and the high-risk situation of transferring plens into ukraine as russia is attacking it.

zelenskyy could ask for other assistance in this speech that he is going to give to congress, and we will hear from president biden later on where he is going to announce $800 million in new assistance to ukraine. that would bring the total in the last week to about a billion dollars in new lethal assistance that the united states has provided to ukraine. obviously they will try to get that in as quickly as possible. we'll still wait for specifics from president biden on what that's going to look like, whether or not it includes those armed drones that zelenskyy and other ukrainian officials have talked about that they need at this time. and of course both of these speeches come as the white house says president biden is preparing to travel to brussels for an extraordinary meeting with the leaders of nato next thursday on march 24th. that's going to happen before a european council meeting as well, and potentially a trip to poland where of course president biden could come face-to-face with some of the millions of refugees who have fled ukraine. kaitlan collins, cnn, the white house. >> our coverage of russia's invasion of ukraine continues in

just a moment. coming up, while tens of thousands of people flee ukraine each day in search of safety, we meet some women who are returning back into the war zone. >> if you know what you need to do, it's impossible to feel nervous over something like this. i have to this. for my country, for my relatives, for my friends. there's so much to take advantage of. like $0 copays on virtual visits... - wow! - uh-huh. ...$0 copays on primary care visits... ...and lab tests. - wow. - uh-huhuh. plus, $0 copays on tier r 1 & tier 2 prescription drugs. - wow. - uh-huh. unitedhealthcare medicare advantage plans. including the only plans with the aarp name. most plans have a $0 premium. take advantage now. wow! ♪ ♪

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the u.n. says that more than 3 million people now have fled the violence in ukraine since the invasion started. nearly three weeks ago. poland has taken in the most refugees by far, almost two million as of tuesday. this map shows the other neighboring countries where ukrainians are fleeing. as we reported, the majority of people leaving are women and

those who are vulnerable like children and the elderly. even as the refugee numbers continue to grow, cnn has found some women are now heading back to ukraine to lend their support in the fight. cnn's ed lavandera reports. >> reporter: the rail line from ukraine ends at platform 5 at the train station in poland. after refugees walk off, this same train will go back. for weeks it's mostly been men returning to join the ukrainian fight against russia. but in front of the sign reading "train for ukraine," women are waiting hours for a ride back into the war zone. near the front of the line, we found tatiana. she came to poland three days ago to bring her two adult daughters to safety. now the 40-year-old is going home to a town in eastern ukraine near the russian border. "ukraine is equally important for men and women," she says.

"we're the real ukrainians. women have the strength and will and heart as well." by our count, women accounted for about half the passengers in this line waiting to cross the border back to ukraine. irina brought her grandchildren to poland. she's returning now to be with her family in odesa. how worried are you about your safety? "i'm anxious," she says. "but the feeling has become dull over time. i just want to be next to my family." do you feel this is a way of fighting for your country? "of course," she says. "we have all become united during this time, each one doing what we can to help the military. women are doing it as well as men." we met marina, going to kyiv to be with her husband to fight, in her words, russian terrorists.

>> if you know what you need to do, it's impossible to feel nervous over something like this. i have to do this. i do it for my country, for my relatives, for my friends. >> reporter: and what stands out to me in this line of people going back to ukraine is there are so many women. why do you think that is? >> i'm not man. i can't kill. i'm woman. and my work, keep balance and help and be kind and care about relatives, family, friends, but now i feel that all ukrainians my relatives. >> reporter: before she leave, maria shows us a heart-shaped ukrainian flag given to her by polish children to protect her. those returning walk past a carriage that says "safety above all." the plain leaving platform 5 disappears into a war zone where safety is a dream. ed lavandera, cnn, poland.

>> well, if you would like to help people in ukraine who may be in need of shelter, food and water, we've curated a list of organization assisting refugees and others. go toe cnn.com/impact and you can find several ways you can help. millions of dollars have been raised already. still ahead, as explosions ring out in kyiv, several european leaders travel to ukraine's capital to meet with the president. hear their message for other members of the eu after the break. plus, my interview with the mayor here in lviv. why he is unbowed after sunday's deadly attack on a nearby military base. >> you told me earlier that this will end in victory for the ukrainians. >> i believe in our victory 100%.

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welcome back. i'm hala gorani, live in lviv, ukraine. our top story, cnn crews in kyiv are reporting a busy night of explosions in the city. they're under a strict curfew until thursday morning. it comes after russian attacks hit at least four residential buildings around kyiv within the space of an hour on tuesday. the city's mayor says several people were killed in the attacks. and we're also getting a new look at the damage left behind in some cities, and it is absolutely breathtaking. this is drone footage from a town in northeastern ukraine where shelling and bombs have ripped open massive craters in the ground and reduced homes to rubble. meanwhile, the ukrainian president volodymyr zelenskyy will address u.s. lawmakers in the coming hours. he's expected to ask them for more help, including additional

weapons for ukraine. and cnn has learned that the u.s. president joe biden is expected to announce even more security aid after zelenskyy's speech, stopping short of his request for a no-fly zone. an on tuesday, several eu leaders travelled to kyiv to meet with mr. zelenskyy, which is a bold move during wartime, reaffirming their support for ukraine's fight and calling on the eu to grant candidate status quickly to the country. >> you are fighting for your lives, your freedom. but we know we are also fighting for our lives and our freedom. and it's for us very important. we are bringing here full support for your future, not only european, but eu membership. >> it should be agreed in the next couple of days or weeks.

and the candidates status should be given by the end of this year at the latest. >> well, lviv has largely been spared the worst of russian's invasion. but sunday's strike on a nearby military base has residents worried they soon could be caught up in the fighting. i spoke with lviv's mayor about how his city is coping. >> reporter: meet the mayor of lviv, andriy sadovyi, if you can keep up with him. from a morning meeting with the polish mayor of lviv's twin city and a ukrainian aid organization, we follow him at a fast pace into a waiting van. and it's off to the main lviv train station to check on ukrainians evacuating to poland. he has five free minutes. so he calls the mayor of besieged mariupol in southeast ukraine. no answer.

a quick call to another friend, the mayor of mykolaiv. >> sasha. >> at the station, a lightning visit. handshake, hellos to some of the people in line for trains to poland, and an update on the situation from volunteers. sadovyi is a wartime mayor now. his city hosting hundreds of thousands of displaced ukrainians. >> people happy about peace city. >> i think one of the ladies said "i'm happy to be alive," she said. >> yes. >> reporter: we finally catch up with him long enough to ask a few questions on the station platform.

not as packed as in the first days of the war with chaotic scenes of ukrainians fleeing the bombing. they have a system to evacuate people now, he tells me. what do you think your responsibility is today? >> it's my responsibility arrive everyone citizens like my mother, my father. >> reporter: you're convinced, you told me earlier that that will end in victory for the ukrainian people? >> i believe in our victory 100%. it is great. >> reporter: you have no doubt? >> no. never give up. only victory. >> reporter: shortly after this station visit, it's on to a church for the funerals of three of the service members killed in sunday's attack on a training facility in western ukraine not far from his city. mayor sadovyi touches the casket

of a fallen soldier while reciting a prayer and bows in gratitude to troops attending the funeral service. but the moment of reflection doesn't last long. an air raid siren goes off outside the church, and the mayor and his staff return to city hall and down to the basement shelter, where they discuss housing for ukrainians displaced by the war. a priority for the mayor of lviv, whose city has already welcomed more than 200,000 people with the expectation that 100,000 more could join them. but there is no time to linger on that thought too long. mayor sadovyi has no time to waste. well, i'll have more from lviv, ukraine at the top of the hour. but first, let's bring in john vause in atlanta. >> thank you, hala. we'll see you again soon. in the meantime, we'll take a short break. in the meantime, the kremlin

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interest rates in the u.s. are widely expected to rise by a quarter point wednesday, but the big unknown is how many rate increases the federal reserve is planning for the rest of the year. with inflation at a 40-year high, analysts say the fed could announce up to eight rate hikes for a year. russia is now on the brink of a sovereign debt default with a payment due wednesday, and the payment must be made in u.s. dollars. but western sanctions have frozen moscow's foreign currency reserves. so the kremlin has warned it could pay in rubles. the country's struggling currency which has plunged in value over the last few weeks. >> reporter: russia hasn't failed to pay back international investors of its sovereign debt since the bolshevik revolution over a century ago. it may not be able to do so. one of the rounds of western sanctions targeted its central bank, and that essentially means that around half of russia's

foreign reserves are frozen. that's around $315 billion. now that is why russia says it can only repay creditors in rubles. that is the local currency, and it's lost around half of its value against the dollar this year. that sort of volatility doesn't just make the ruble less attractive for investors. using it to repay this debt would be considered a default, and here's why. moscow is due to pay $117 million in interest payments on dollar denominations, government bonds wednesday. now although russia has issued bonds that can be repayed in multiple currency since 2018, these payments must be made in u.s. dollars only. these interest payments do come with a 30-day grace period. but credit ratings agencies could declare russia to be in default before that period ends if moscow makes clear that it doesn't intend to pay. now the potential consequences of a default are unclear. economists say the market is already prepared for the default

scenario. so financial shock should be limited. and while there is some concern that western binges that have lent to russia could suffer, the imf says the default would be unlikely to cause a financial crisis. it is possible that russian companies follow suit, and they owe international banks more than $121 billion. that's according to the bank for international settlements. now for russia, the main cost of a default on sovereign debt is being locked out of capital markets and facing high costs of borrowing money overseas. but of course due to sanction, they already are. anna stuart, cnn, london. >> with us now from new york is cnn global economic analyst as well as associate editor and columnist for the financial times. it's good to see you again. >> great to see you. >> okay. so here is the latest from the white house on the impact western sanctions are having on russia's economy.

>> the ruble is less than a penny. it's the worst performing emerging market currency. the russian stock market has been closed for nearly three weeks, longest in its history as they try to prevent a market crash. inflation in russia is rampant. some forecasters are predicting 20% inflation for russia by the end of the year. and trillions in dollars of businesses have been disrupted by sanctions, putting the russian financial sector under severe stress. >> and so now you can add an almost certain russian default either on wednesday or 30 days from wednesday. where is the misery index right now for life in russia? and what's the impact of this and how much worse is it likely to get? >> yeah, well, you know, the misery index is about as high as it could be. it already was even before we had this -- what is going to certainly be a default. you know, russians are asking for us to pay their debt in rubls, which as jen psaki says

is the worst performing emerging market currency. nobody really wants to take that. one thing i'm concerned about, i think it's hard to make things worries in russia, but you can make things worries in the rest of the world. and the fact is when russia defaults that has a knock-on effect throughout the planet, really. russians were meant to pay this debt. they have creditors. there is always a creditor on the other side of a debtor. if payments don't come through, or if they come through in a currency that is worth a fraction of what it was a few weeks ago, that's going to mean that somebody else can't pay their bills. that kind of ping-pong effect is something that could get worse in the coming weeks. >> what we're being told, though, even before western sanctions, russia's economy was relatively isolated from the rest of the world. that means there won't be any sort of trigger like lehmans brothers collapse perhaps. you see ate little differently. why is that? >> well, it's not a lehman class. i want to be clear. i'm not talking about a systemic

problem within the global financial system that brings down an entire economy or a series of economies, but what i am talking about is the notion that because russia can't pay its bills, that leaves somebody else around the world in some way, be it a country, a company holding the bag. there is always creditors and debtors. we don't know as all this plays out how the balance of payment effect is going to work out. yes, russia was pretty much isolated, particularly from the u.s. europe a little less so. germany had probably the deepest ties. but, you know, it remains to be seen. the last time we were in this situation was in 1998. and that's when we saw the fall of long-term capital management, the big cash fund that went under. so, you know, we're still unspooling this thread, and we're not quite sure where we're going to end up. >> so what we had right now, though, a lot of economic instability from the war in

ukraine, the roller coaster ride for energy prices. and now adding to this suit, this covid outbreak in china, which is serious enough to shut down major industrial cities like xisxis shenzhen. which would have an impact on a lot of economies. >> you're spot on. we spend a loft air time talking about russia. but really, what's going on in china with supply chains and deglobalization. that the big story. russia is part of the story, but china is a bigger part. absolutely we're going see more supply chain disruptions because of what's happening in china in shenzhen. one thing i'm seeing that i'm fascinated by, and i'm going to be spending some of my own reporting time on is the way western businesses are starting to adapt. you're seeing the stocks of 3-d printing going up because they can circumvent supply chains and make things in locations. the hubbing of production and consumption, local made for local companies are calling it.

just more doing things on the ground where you are. it's fascinating. i think we're going see a lot more of that. it's the opposite of the world. >> in this sort of environment that we're now heading into, how aggressively can the u.s. fed raise interest rates when the economic outlook is so incredibly unpredictable? >> yeah, well, that's the magic question. that's really going to move markets. i'm going to be watching not so much for a rate hike, because we know there is going to be a rate hike, but how many there are going to be in the course of the year. are we going to see three? are we going to see four? are we going to see seven? what is the language we're going to see coming out in the fed announcement this week that will tell us a lot about where we're going to be and just how bumpy the year ahead is going to be. >> obviously great views there, global recession on the horizon. this fed reserve decision will be very important. rana, thank you so much. we appreciate it. >> thank you. >> with the worst outbreak of

covid since wuhan sweeping across china, many are now questioning the high price of containment there with millions under lockdown and the economy set to take a major hit. details when we come back.

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a wave of new covid infections in china has forced some changes in beijing's pandemic playbook. health officials say isolation and testing policies will be eased for patients with mild and asymptomatic cases. the move is designed to ease some of the pressure on the health care system. live to beijing, cnn's steven jiang has the very latest. with these changes there are also questions about this zero covid policy, and is it really worth it? >> reporter: well, john, it's interesting in terms of the timing of the release of these updated guidelines because on one hand, given the highly contagious nature of omicron, which is raging across the

country right now, this is being taken by a lot of people as the health authority's willingness or at least they're prepared to loosen things up somewhat by not only changing where they put mild and asymptomatic cases but also in terms of discharge criteria and the health monitoring requirements after they're released. on the other hand, these guidelines are being published as the authorities seem to be doubling down on their zero covid policy as again we see millions of chinese residents across the country being placed under various forms of lockdown. that now applies to shanghai, the country's biggest city, which up to this point had prided itself on its less disruptive approach to covid containment. but the authorities there seem to be apresdopting a rolling lockdown strategy, meaning they're locking down a batch of neighborhoods at a time, requiring residents to undergo two rounds of covid testing. those neighborhoods would only be reopened when everybody inside tests negative twice

within two days. and the authorities there are already warning about possible delays in reopening those neighborhoods because of the city's increasingly strained testing capacity. that's considered the most lenient approach in this country. but at the end of it, i think the authorities here are aware of the economic impact and also of course they're concerned about the relatively low vaccination rate among the elderly as well as the questions about the efficacy of their vaccines. but the bottom line here is their priority is this communist party national congress later this year. so they want to ensure absolute social stability before that because this year, of course, we are going to see xi jinping, the leader, takes an almost unprecedented third term, paving the way for him to rule to life. before that happens, everything else is secondary. >> got to have priorities, i guess. steven jiang, thank you, sir. i'm john vause, our breaking news coverage returns after the break. you're watching cnn.

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