>> if you're wondering how you can help the humanitarian situation in ukraine you can go to cnn.com/impact. the news continues. want to turn things over to don who's in ukraine tonight. don? >> it's very appropriate you played that just before you came to me, anderson, because i have a story for you. you sat in the same place i sat. we were out to dinner and people were in the restaurant and having drinks. and when volodymyr zelenskyy, the president of ukraine, gave his speech tonight everyone in the restaurant stood up, they turned the volume up on the television.

you could hear a pin drop and they were listening to him. they are proudf their president. he encourages them. he gives them courage, and he is really a symbol for the world. i say it's a david vs. goliath, but he is what is standing between democracy falling, and i think it is inspirational for the entire world. >> yeah, he has tremendous support in that country. and i think even people who maybe at the beginning of the conflict didn't know how he would respond and even those who didn't vote for him or support him i think now universally in that country there's just a steely determination we have seen, and a lot of it is in support of him. >> yeah. well-said, anderson. i'll see you tomorrow night. thank you, sir. have a good one. this is don lemon tonight. i'm here in western ukraine in lviv, and we have breaking news for you. ukraine's president with a message in english to the whole world warning tonight russia is

waging war not just on ukraine but on freedom itself. >> this is only the beginning for russia on the ukrainian land. russia is trying to defeat the freedom of all people in europe, of all the people in the world. he tries to show that only crude and cruel force matters. he tries to show that people do not matter as well as everything else that make us people. that's the reason we all must stop russia. the world must stop the war. i thank everyone who acts in support of ukraine, in support of freedom. but the war continues. >> and meanwhile tonight cnn's team on the ground in ukraine's capital witnessing a barrage of outgoing fire in the northwest. ukrainian forces firing on the russians, trying to push them out of the vicinity of kyiv. that as a senior u.s. defense

official says ukraine has forced the russians back on the front lines east of kyiv some 15 to 20 miles today. and on the eve of president joe biden's meeting with nato allies in brussels, the u.s. formally declares russia is committing war crimes in ukraine, citing attacks on that maternity hospital in mariupol and the theater where hundreds of people were sheltering, a theater clearly marked with the russian word for children in letters literally visible from the sky. and this is mariupol today, a city in ruins. look at it. it's hard to believe anyone ever lived there. yet just one month ago this was a city of more than 400,000 people. and here in lviv i spoke with the mayor today. he is pleading for help for his city and his country. >> every hour russia aggressor kill 100 civil people.

it's crazy. it's normal today, 21st century. and you must talk to every day your colleague must talk to every day. you must stop russian aggressors. only together. >> more from that interview coming up. and as ukraine fights back vladimir putin is being backed into a corner. nato says up to 15,000 russian soldiers have been killed in just one month. and as staggering as that number is there are estimates there could be between 30,000 and 40,000 russian soldiers either killed, wounded or missing all together. and with putin's desperation likely growing, president joe biden says the danger of chemical warfare is very real. >> how concerned are you about the threat of chemical warfare

right now? how high is that threat? >> i think it's a real threat. >> we are live tonight in ukraine, in belgium and in washington, d.c. i want to go first, though, to our correspondents. and frederick pleitgen live for us in kyiv, phil mattingly in brussels. hello to both of you. fred, i'm going to start with you. even in spite of russian bombardment, fred, ukrainians are gaining groundout pz outsidf kyiv. >> there's been intense shelling and explosions going on especially toward the north of kyiv, toward the northwest and northeast of kyiv. there you can see the uranians are increasingly firing at russian positions not just with artillery but rocket artillery as well. clearly a large operation that's been going on there. and the ukrainians aren't really talking much about it. the gains they're making there,

they believe those gains are still quite fragile, and also they believe if they provide too much information they might tip off the russians as to what exactly their strategy is up there. we have heard from the local authorities here, for instance, one of those districts under russian control in the northwest or towards the northwest of kyiv, that's now 80% back under the control of ukrainians. the ukrainian national police went back in there. they're burking there again. they do say it's under constant shelling from the russians, but they have managed to push the russians back. i think it's something where at this point in time in this particular location of this conflict the ukrainians do believe they have the russian military on the back foot, and you can really feel how they're continuing to try to press that campaign to try and push the russians back. you can see that from the increased shelling the ukrainians are conducting and generally from the movement there, don. >> fred, i want you to react to

this video we're just getting in from ukraine about 72 miles from kharkiv, and i have to say it is quite disturbing. there's widespread destruction. at points you see bodies in the streets. it has been the site of battles, ukrainians trying to not back the russians. and once again we can see the toll of this war. >> yeah, you're absolutely right. and folks have managed to geolocate that video. that is an important strategic location ukrainians are trying to win back. it's fairly close to the town of kharkiv in eastern ukraine and also one of those places many people at the beginning of this conflict, the beginning of this war by the russians believe would fall quickly to the russians but is still holding out. it's one of those places the russians then took and are trying to also move south from there to try to press further

the ukrainian forces in the southeast of the country. so the ukrainians now launching a campaign to try and win that back. but as you can see obviously a lot of the fighting taking a great toll on that place and of course especially on the civilians who are living there, don. >> to phil in brussels now. phil, in just hours president biden is going to attend a nato summit. does the white house have a specific goal in mind for this trip? >> several, don. and i think it's fair to say as high as the stakes are the expectations are for the course of the next 24 hours. when you talk to officials they make clear there are a series of layers to what they want to accomplish the next day. in the short-term no question about it, they will levy nee sanctions on hundreds of individuals, russian individuals and oligarchs as well as work with the g7 leaders to put together plans to keep individuals and entities from

evading those sanctions, a critical component as they've seen their sanctions regime locked into place over the course of the last four weeks. and also talks of a military posture particularly with nato allies in eastern europe. and also long-term issues here. we're seeing a dramatic shift particularly on the issue of energy that the u.s. and its allies are going to start to lock into place for the future. not just the coming days or weeks or months but really a shift dramatically of what has been over the course of the last several years a u.s. effort to move away from europe to some degree. that pendulum is now swinging back. that will be a critical component of this. i think overarching when you talk to u.s. officials they say this. they want to ensure that the unity they helped put into place over the course of the last four weeks, really unprecedented when you look at over 30 countries over four continents is something that is sustainable. they know this war, this crisis is not going anywhere anytime soon. they want to make sure they have

the ability to have unification and any splits or fractures that exist between these countries and allies are at least managed to the point where they can maintain the pressure on vladimir putin not just in the short-term but for the long-term, don. >> fred, you have spoken to some of the ukrainians defending the skies around kyiv. how are they keeping russian air power at bay? because you know everyone wawa wants -- all the officials here in the area and they want control of the skies, a no-fly zone. but how are they keeping control of the air around kyiv? >> yeah, and don, you know what, there's very few who would have given the ukrainian air force a chance when this conflict began. remember there were a lot of people who thought russians would have so-called air superiority over this country in just a couple of days. but even here as we're standing in kyiv there's very little in the way of russian air activity. the reason for that is the ukrainian air force is still very much alive and kicking, if you will. i was able to speak to a pilot who flies a fighter jet, and he

was telling me that they use their tactics and their strategy to try and beat the russians in the sky. let's listen to some of what he had to say. we spoke to a fighter pilot who was in an undisclosed location and hiding his identity for safety reasons. at first russian pilots dominated in quantity of fighters and equipment. now they're starting to refuse to fly because we're shooting them down. we try to work with tactics. >> reporter: he says he flies an su-27 air superiority fighter. this is video provided by the ukrainian military of the same model but older plane, but one that's still effective. >> translator: i shot down russian planes and i can't say which or how many exactly how i shot them down. air to air missiles and ground to air missiles were repeatedly fired at me. there was a fight where we

fought 3 to 24. >> reporter: it's impossible for us to verify those claims but during our interview we heard what seemed to be a ukrainian jet taking off. he says the u.s. helped teach him and his fellow airmen how to beat the russians. >> translator: we have our tactics. we conducted the clear sky exercise with our american friends. we now are using some of the tactics we learn from the americans. >> reporter: and, you know, the morale that this pilot showed, he said it's still very, very high. and one of the things that the ukrainian leadership has been talking about -- president zelenskyy has been talking about is he wants a no-fly zone here for this country. obviously the u.s. would have to enforce and the biden administration has said is simply not going to happen because they obviously fear that would bring them in direct conflict with the russians and possibly in a direct shooting war with the russians as well. that not happening but

ukrainians saying their air force right now is holding up. they're not sure how much longer that is the case because there's a lot of attrition there as well. they need more gear and like to see more jets as well. there was talk of that in the past. for the moment the air force still very much intact and functioning. the u.s. saying that as well, don. >> all right, fred, phil, thank you both. i appreciate it. i want to turn now to cnn military analyst and retired air force colonel cedric leighton to help explain where the battle lines stand tonight. cnn has reported the existence of a so-called tiger team, and tonight "the new york times" is reporting that the white house is using the team to prepare for scenarios on how the u.s. should respond if putin unleashes chemical or perhaps nuclear weapons that affect nato allies or strikes convoys of supplies heading into ukraine. how will they war game those scenarios? >> well, don, that's going to be

a very interesting situation because they're going to have to kind of figure out exactly how the russians are going to act. o cites kind of a psychological issue that they'll have to deal with. they'll kind of have to figure out putin's psychology in this case. they'll have to figure out what the russian military is going to do. one of the things they'd be worried about is the kind of things that happen with chernobyl where you had plumes of radiation going out to all kinds of areas way beyond the immediate area of the nuclear accident. and when that happened back in the 1980s, the flume of radiation went all the way up through scandinavia and parts of central europe. so those are the kinds of things they're going to look at. obviously the use of tactical nukes is going to be very different than a chernobyl type scenario, but that is one of the questions they're going to have to look at. they'll have to look at the intelligence, the weather patterns, logistics effects and

the psychological effects as i mentioned. >> colonel, a u.s. official saying ukrainian forces pushed russian troops around 15 to 20 miles back on the east side of the city. i mean, they seem to be gaining momentum around the capital, and it's really astonishing, i think, what the ukrainian military has been able to do. >> it is astonishing, don. and what's -- what's interesting about this is, you know, these maps are not going to quite reflect exactly what's happening on the ground, but look at this. this was an area where russians had troops that were really close to the city limits of kyiv both here and in the northwestern area. what they've done is the ukrainians have recaptured about 80%, and there's a town about here where the ukrainians have also recaptured that town. what this means is that the

ukrainians go back this way and they could potentially encircle russian forces if any are remaining right here. they can do the same in the north eastern part. this little area of russian troops is very vulnerable to a ukrainian counter attack. >> the mayor of a suburb to the nort northwest of kyiv says ukrainian forces have taken back 80% of the city. just a few weeks ago we saw images of civilians fleeing irpin over a destroyed bridge. what does it take to retake irpin if that's happened? >> so, don, there's a lot that goes into something like this but basically it boils down to guns, ammunition and the will to fight. ukrainians have definitely shown they have the will to fight. they have access to guns, the ammunition that they need. and what they also developed were the tactics that were required to go house to house and take the russians and their

equipment out. that is key to this -- this kind of success. and they have to be careful, though, that they maintain this success and maintain the momentum of what appears to be the beginning of an offensive against the russians. >> and this is very important to ask you about. today nato, colonel, estimating that up to 15,000 russian troops may have been killed and that 30 to 40,000 russian troops have been killed, wounded or are missing. that is a huge chunk of forces russia brought into ukraine. how does that affect units on the ground? >> so this is a really interesting point, don, because when we have somewhere between 150 to 190,000 russian troops raid along the border of ukraine, you're talking about 20% of these troops are either killed in action, wounded in action or missing or captured. so the attrition rate of something like this, that's

incredibly high. that would be unacceptable for any american or nato force that i've ever worked with. >> colonel, thank you very much. we'll see you soon. appreciate it. >> you bet, don. absolutely. the u.s. officially declaring russia's military has committed war crimes in ukraine as president biden gets ready to meet with nato leaders. i'm going to speak with a former ambassador about what he needs to accomplish on this trip. that's next. >> make yourselves visible and heard. say that people matter, freedom matters, peace matters, ukraine matters. (music throughghout)

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president biden arriving in brussels tonight on the eve of the a series of meeting with american allies about the crisis in ukraine. the first meeting is an emergency summit tomorrow morning with 29 leaders of nato countries followed by meetings with leaders of the g7 countries and the european council. the president's expected to

impose a new round of sanctions -- russian sanctions. a lot to discuss now with ambassador john herbs, the former u.s. ambassador to ukraine. perfect person to have this conversation with. it's probably the most consequential trip of president biden's presidency. we're expecting to see fresh sanctions. what else needs to come out of this high stakes nato summit? >> there are two things i think we can expect which is positive. one is more sanctions and two is agreement of plussing up nato's forces in the east. there are three hard things that should also come out of it, and we'll see if they do. first, will nato move more decisively to send the weapons ukraine needs to defeat the russian invasion. and by that i mean they need to send those bombers to ukraine and anti-aircraft systems to ukraine and more drones and anti-ship missiles.

ships have been bombarding. that's one. two, they need to prepare for what happens if moskow uses chemical or biological weapons with ukraine. there needs to be an alliance response which is agreed beforehand. and three, they need to agree now what they will do if as a warning putin sends a rocket into one of the nato nations especially poland. a senior russian official has been putting out a very sharp anti-polish statement suggesting that moskow may try to test article 5. we need to have a very strong response prepared and agreed beforehand. >> so then what is that then because you mention that. look, president biden is warning that a chemical attack by russia in ukraine is a real threat. if that were to happen, how would it change what the u.s. and nato would be willing to do? >> well, we don't know.

my idea would be there has to be a strong nato response to that. that response would be quite overtly sending more advanced weapon systems to ukraine which has been sent before or maybe establishing a humanitarian zone protected by nato forces in the west of ukraine so that internally displaced ukrainians can be safe within ukraine's borders but that would be very serious step but one merited if moskow uses weapons of mass destruction in ukraine. >> do you think, ambassador, that putin wants to provoke nato in some way? i mean, does he want to expand this war? >> no. but what he wants to do is throw a hail mary pass to save the disastrous consequences of his own decision. his position in the west is far weaker today as a result of this invasion. but if he for example were to launch a rocket into poland and

say it hits nothing but it has clearly violated the space of nato and the west and nato does not respond, that would call into question article 5, which says that all nations of nato will protect each other from attack from outside. that would be a clear victory for putin. so this would be a provocation designed not to produce a response, but to produce a nonresponse suggesting that nato is a paper tiger. and we need to be very careful about that. >> i find it interesting that you describe the u.s. and nato response to russia's invasion on ukraine as barely adequate. now, i know you want migs to go to ukraine and more weapons systems. why do you think the biden administration is so reluctant to do that, and what is the cost of not doing it? >> well, they have -- they keep talking about not wanting to invoke putin, not wanting to take any step putin might consider escalatory.

i find that amazing. yes, they don't want to provoke a nuclear war. obviously you have to be prudent. but if putin has escalated extraordinarily over the past four weeks. he sent 100,000 troops into ukraine. he's bombarding cities mercilessly. in mariupol he's committing a war crime, starving out the city as well as bombing civilians. and we need to make sure ukraine is able to defend itself adequately. i don't think putin is going to go to nuclear war with us because he knows that's a catastrophe for him as well as for us. >> the concern is that putin might see that or use that as a provocation, as justification to use those weapons, maybe chemical weapons or to escalate the war in a way that the u.s., nato and allies don't want it to be escalated. >> he is already doing things

that are unconscionable. how many ukrainian civilians have died? in mariupol we may have tens of thousands of deaths as a result of his atrocities. if putin succeeds in ukraine we really do have to worry about what he might do in the baltic states. it's much easier to help ukraine defend itself than it would be to defend the baltic states from a russian attack. if we're so uh-uh fraid of a war and let putin commit war crimes on a massive scale in ukraine we would apply the same logic and let him waltz into the baltic states or waltz into warsaw. o we cannot let ourselves be paralyzed by putin's waving of his nuclear wand. we with stood the sove jt nuclear threat which is greater than the russian nuclear threat today in cuba 1962, in berlin 1961. we keep talking about not wanting to let russia move to an

esculatory phase. that projects weakness and makes it more likely we'll have a standoff with the russians over the baltic states over our nato allies. this is elementary. >> very interesting. i have to ask you about the former secretary of state, madeleine albright. she's died. she helped steer western foreign policy in the aftermath of the cold war. she just wrote a piece in the "the new york times" on the eve of putin's invasion of ukraine writingputep was making a historic mistake. she spoke with the former bill clinton about it. watch this. >> putin was trying to sell an argument a country with a jewish president was absurd and she just wanted to support whatever we could do to back ukraine, and that's all she wanted to talk about. >> what would you like to add about the former secretary of state, ambassador? >> well, i worked a lot with her

when during the peace process when i was consular general of jerusalem from '97 to 2000. and also hosted in ukraine when she was secretary of state. so i'm very familiar with her work. she was a smart, courageous and very friendly human being, represented america at its best. and i'm really sorry to see her go. she understood the danger of allowing putin to get away with murder, which what is happening -- well, we're not allowing him but not pushing back as hard as we need to prevent him from getting away with murder going forward. >> ambassador, thank you very much. appreciate having you on. new video tonight from the ruined city. blasted buildsings, fires filling the air with heavy smoke. the city's mayor saying the cemetery can't handle all the dead. more on that in just a moment. it listens, leararns, adapts

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15,000 russian solevers and been killed since the invasion began just one month ago and an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 russian troops either killed, wounded or missing in ukraine. many observers already drawing parallels to the soviet union's disastrous invasion of afghanistan decades ago. here's cnn's nic robertson. >> reporter: nearly 43 years ago moskow ordered troops into afghanistan. over the following decade some 15,000 soviet red army soldiers would die there. their war and eventual retreat led to the collapse of the soviet union. today the death toll of russian troops in ukraine could already match those killed over ten years in afghanistan. 498 dead in the first week of war according to russia's defense ministry. and despite no updates since nato officials say after a month of fighting, the russian death toll is now as many as 15,000.

across dozens of russian cities more than 15,000 people have been arrested for protesting the war. recently anxious parents of troops have begun showing up. putin's achilles' heel is the perception soldiers are dying unnecessarily. it's why his tighter reporting laws have swamped russia with kremlin propaganda and why the ukra ministry shows off because they know bad press back home is what got the red army out of afghanistan. what sunk for the soviets in the '80s was the afghan's determination to fight for their homeland and that the united states supplied the afghan fighters with surface stinger to

air missiles. the shoulder launched weapons turned the tide of the war. russian helicopters were easy prey. they lost air superiority and with it the will to endure high casualties and anger back home, two years after a pull out in 1989 the economic cost of war overpowered the ailing soviet economy, and 7 decades of communist rule collapsed. afghan parallels with today's war in ukraine are clear. like the afghan's the ukrainians are ferociously battling to save their homeland from moskow's army. and as they did with the afghan fighters, the u.s. and allies are supplying the ukrainian army with u.s.-made stinger missiles to shoot down russian helicopters and jets with success. >> the airspace is contested and it's contested because the ukrainians are making it that

way, and they're being very smart about how they're marshaling and using their air defense missiles. >> reporter: russia's enemies if not russia have learnt the lessons of the afghan war. no one yet, though, predicting the collapse of putin's power. nic robertson, cnn, brussels. >> nic, thank you very much. and here in lviv, ukraine talking every day with people affected by this war. today i spoke with the mayor of this city. a city that has become a magnet for desperate people from all over ukraine, and he told me what he needs the world to do to help them. do you welcome all of the people who are displaced? do you welcome all the refugees here no matter how many? >> yes. yes, it is my -- it is my duty. i -- i like ukrainian people.

it is from mariupol, from kharkiv, from kyiv. it is my ukrainian people.

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we're here in lviv, vukrain, a city that as changed d drastically in the month since russia invaded. imagine a city like seattle or boston surged in population by just one third in a week during the war. as the russian invasion continues officials are moving to protect precious arfacts and historic architecture. they want to be ready if russia directs its fire to the west. all of this under the leadership of the mayor. i met him today in lviv city council chambers, and he talked

to me about how determined ukrainians are to win this war. you said that you are -- you have another city on top of your city now. can you sustain that? do you have the infrastructure? do you have the services? how long can you sustain taking in all these citizens? >> we prepare our city to emergency situation. we make huge supplies, medical supplies. today we host 200,000 refugees. we coordinate our activity with mayor of lviv region and cities and west ukrainian cities.

it is very special time for me, for my citizens. it is my duty. today it is my duty. >> no matter how many people come in, it's your duty? >> we completely rebuild our school, our theater, our sport gym. my citizens host in home, in flat. i host one family, refugees in my home. we open all doors. we open my heart. it is special time. >> you have such pride in your city. as i walk around i see the windows and the cathedral being

boarded up. i see the statues being wrapped. i see other things being covered. what does that -- i mean, it's sad because it's such a beautiful city but you're having to protect it. >> our center city help protect unesco. it is brilliant -- brilliant for ukraine, brilliant for war. but you'll remember situation in afghanistan, taliban completely destroy historical heritage. i don't know of plan russian aggressor. i must protect historical heritage. it's important for -- for future. >> you have 109 strollers that you have in the park in a square, how did that memorial come about that symbolizes the children lost in war? >> today 117.

every day new children by russian aggressor killed. every day russian aggressor killed. children, women, old people. it is nazi. it is nazi. it is crazy. today hitler equal putin. putin equal hitler. >> you said it's nazi and putin equals hitler, hitler equals putin. is that what you said? >> president biden is in brussels meeting with nato allies. what do you need to hear from the united states, and what

results do you want from the u.s. and nato? >> i expect new military equipment for ukraine. during two weeks more than 200,000 ukrainian men come back to ukraine from different countries. they ready protect other country. we expect military equipment. we expect decision about closed sky. >> so finally, i want to ask you i think that -- correct me if

i'm wrong, i think putin and the russian military were surprised by the ukrainian military and the resolve by the ukrainian people not to be overtaken by putin and russia. how much longer can you hold out? and do you -- are you sure that ukraine can sustain this and will win in can sustain this and win in the end? >> i believe in our victory. every one ukrainian, men, women, children, believe in our victory. together us 40 million people in ukraine. today all democratic countries support ukraine. only victory. never give up. only victory. this my land. this my city. i have only one country.

>> hmm. no matter how many different ways you ask the question about how long the people of ukraine can hold out if they will win in the end, the answer is always the same, that they believe that they are going to win. they will not let putin destroy what they want, their independence, their freedom, not let putin and the russians break their resolve and listen, it is always -- you have to be careful about making comparisons to hitler, right? and not nazis. we're always very careful about that. but he said it implicitly and i wanted to make sure it's what he said. he said putin equals hitler and hitler equals putin. he believes they're the ones behaving like nazi's and it's interesting because putin is

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meet with her yesterday. that's the first time a u.s. government official in russia has been granted access to griner since her arrest at a moscow airport last month. >> there's only so much i can say but our official found brittney griner to be in good condition and we'll continue to do everything we can to see to it that she is treated fairly throughout this ordeal. >> she's accused of attempting to smuggle a narcotic substance into the country. up next, russia strikes civil yachb civilian areas and cities completely demolished. more live coverage from ukraine after this. so you can go from saving... to living. as a struggling actor, i need all the breaks that i can get. at liberty butchemel— cut. liberty biberty— cut. liberty mutual customizes youe

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