paul, topaz, ian, and andy. all had a hand in shaping a kid with no direction and helping him to become a master somelliere. but even with their support, i couldn't wait to leave to prove i have what it takes to succeed in this world. i felt like i could go anywhere and lay down a foundation. over time, you become a culmination of your experiences. and now, i can't stop moving. the following is a cnn special report. ♪ ♪

december 5th, 1989. it was a cold night in dredden, east germany. and it would change the course of vladamir putin's life. the berlin wall had just fallen. all over east germany, angry crowds roamed the streets, lashing out at symbols of communist rule. that night in dresden, they found a target. a local kgb headquarters. a mob surrounded the building. as the hour grew later, the crowd grew larger. inside peering through the curtains was a young kgb lieutenant colonel named vladimir putin.

♪ ♪ >> he was terrified that they were going to storm the building. >> putin was a junior officer, but the boss was away. he was in charge. >> the berlin wall had come down. police weren't going to help, and he called for instructions. >> desperate for help, putin dialed kgb headquarters in moscow over and over again. finally one official told him simply moscow is silent. >> and i think it felt like a deep betrayal to him. >> vladimir putin was on his own. he went down into the bowels of the building and fired up the furnace. >> he finds himself in the basement with a furnace shoveling documents as he hears demonstrations down on the street.

they are burning the files as fast as the furnace is blowing up. >> putin torched thousands of pages of kgb documents and secrets as the crowd closed in. with the fire still raging, putin went outside and faced the mob, by himself. there are armed guards inside, he told them. they will shoot you. >> and he's able to bluff his way out of it and tell the crowd don't try it here. you're going to get hurt. >> putin's threat worked. the mob dispersed. >> this is the drama that stays with putin all the time. the fear of popular uprising. good evening. i'm fareed zakaria. we used to think we understood vladimir putin. smart but cold, ruthless but

calculating, deft but rational, the kgb mass who bluffed away the angry mob in dredden, the leader carefully accumulating power over a country that spans 11 time zones. but now we see a different vladamir putin, reckless, emotional, a gambler, a terrible bloody assault on ukraine despite military failures and massive economic costs. he's even made nuclear threats. should americans be afraid? 92% do not trust putin, the highest negative rating pew research has ever recorded for a world leader. what is putin doing? what is he thinking? finding the answers could be a matter of life and death. the story begins at the moment he first rose to power.

december 31st, 1999. one minute until the 21st century begins. one minute until vladimir putin becomes president of russia. it's a moment of high drama. russia reeling over putin's sudden ascendance. >> a lot of things happened very quickly. >> outside the halls of the kremlin many know nothing about him. it had all started just hours earlier. suddenly yeltsin appeared on television. boris yeltsin, the first president of democratic russia, abruptly resigned. >> the surprise announcement from boris yeltsin that he is resigning as president and

turning over power to his prime minister, vladimir putin. >> it was clear. yeltsin had been struggling. >> drinking. >> and he's barely being propped up, and physically propped up. he disappears for weeks at a time. he's obviously had heart attacks. >> the sudden handover of power left russia and the world with one overwhelming question. who is this guy? >> americans and others don't know a great deal about him, and people who predict exactly what type of president he would make are essentially blowing a lot of smoke. >> he could be the person that brings russia out of its decline, or he could be the leader that makes russia into an authoritarian regime again. >> no one had the slightest idea what putin would do. >> he came out of obscurity.

it was i would say an accident that he was picked by boris yeltsin to be his successor. >> an accident because boris yeltsin had already gone through five different prime ministers. >> and that one pretty gone through everybody. >> they had diverse talents but had to meet one requirement. >> they had to guarantee that yeltsin would not be prosecuted after his term was over. >> the corrupt yeltsin needed a get out of jail free card. >> they settled on putin, because they knew putin would be loyal to the yeltsin family that. yeltsin could retire and not be put in jail. >> vladimir putin delivered. >> the first decree that putin passed was to protect the yeltsin family, so the deal was made. the deal was made. >> vladimir putin, a virtual political unknown three months ago, now clearly in charge of

russia. >> putin's lightning fast rise was remarkable, but to really understand it, we need to go back to the dramatic story of his life. ♪ ♪ st. petersburg, founded by peter the great. 300 years of history. ♪ ♪ the capital of the old russian empire and the birthplace of vladimir putin. he grew up not among grand monuments but instead in the city's darkest corners. >> he's a kid from the projects. this scrappy small kid from the street. >> they lived in a single large room in a communal apartment. >> he grew up basically in a courtyard of this really crummy building, rats. >> he was the only surviving

child of a janitor and a factory worker. >> his parents were working class. they worked all the time. >> young putin often got into fights. >> he took up judo because he was small. he was short, and he wanted some advantage over the bigger stronger boys. >> the childhood bully putin recalls most vividly was not another boy, it was a rat. when i saw one, he says, i will chase it. it was a game. he would scare them off with a stick, but one day one rat refused to run. >> and he corners the rat, and then the rat lunges at him, and all of a sudden he's defending himself and the rat is chasing him rather than he chase the at. >> he escaped the rat, but in putin's tellings of this tale it

has a morale. remember, he says. it is better not to corner anyone. it would be a theme throughout vladimir putin's life, trapped in a corner only to fight his way out. remember, as a young kgb agent in dresden, he was unarmed, outnumbered, face-to-face with an angry mob, yet he still managed to turn the tables, but then in 1990, he encountered a force he could not defeat. [ chanting ] >> they are shouting freedom, freedom. >> he came home to the soviet union, a country he did not recognize. his homeland had been transformed by mikhail gorbachev and his policy of openness, glasnost. >> the soviet experiment with

glasnost, people are talking more freely. >> there's a sense that things are changing. >> a romance with things western the popular culture begins to transform, the media opens up, all in very rough ways. >> freedom came fast and it exposed the rock at the heart of communism. >> all of a sudden anything was possible. >> three of the most powerful republics have joined forces and declared the old union dead. >> in 1991 the soviet union finally collapsed. >> tonight in moscow at the kremlin, the red flag of the failed soviet union at last came down, and the flag of russia rose. >> 300 years of history erased. >> soviet institutions ceased to exist. among them vladimir putin's beloved kgb. >> it wasn't clear who he was anymore. >> suddenly russia began to look

like the united states. >> today we're opening the first mcdonald's in moscow. >> it's very nice. i like t. >> big mac. coca-cola, coca-cola. >> almost overnight. >> mickey mouse. >> new freedoms, capitalism, western values. ♪ ♪ >> it all looked great from the west. ♪ i'm a cowboy ♪ >> to vladimir putin, it was a catastrophe. >> vladimir putin views the break-up of the soviet union, as he said himself, to be the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century. >> but it wasn't just geography to putin. the breakup, he said, tore millions of russians away from the country they loved, the country in which they belong. >> tens of millions of russians,

russian speakers, were quote, unquote abandoned and ripped away from us. it didn't have to be. the soviet union was our common past. >> the most painful separation for putin. >> of all of the former parts of the soviet union, ukraine mattered the most. >> ukraine, the loss putin never got over. part not just of the soviet union but also the czar's empire. >> and because it had belonged to russia for 300 years. >> putin's brutal assault on ukraine may be the fulfillment of his greatest dream. the world sees an unprovoked bloodbath. putin sees a chance to restore

the core of the russian empire. >> i think that down deep in putin there is this sense of extraordinary humiliation over the collapse of the soviet union because it wasn't just the soviet union. it was the russian empire. >> he has seen the collapse of empire once. i think in his mind he is rebuilding what was lost in 1991. >> the man who was fighting for his imperial dreams has cut himself off from the world. putin's isolation began during covid and has worsened while russia wages war. >> putin has really changed in the sense that he has become much more isolated. >> his inner circle is said to be very small. >> fewer than a handful of people. >> now with the war going badly and a constant barrage of condemnation and sanctions from

the west. >> intentionally killing civilians. >> unspeakable war crimes. >> putin frequently lectures on values. >> the moral values in the west are rotten. >> we're better than the decadent west, amoral, weak, soft, comfort-obsessed. >> to putin, some of the most decadent are lbgtq people. >> lbgt people are destroying the christian faith and christian churches. >> he has brought up gender fluidity. a man is a man and a woman is a woman. the men are in charge. >> in a recently televised conference he mocked people who cannot get by without so-called gender freedoms. haenldz has condemned gay marriage. every family, he says, must have a mom and dad. yet his own family is not

exactly "leave it to beaver." >> the woman who is rumored to be pete pete's girlfriend is a new target in the latest round of new sanctions against russia. >> he has two adult daughters, but since his 2014 divorce, he's said to have fathered several younger children with his girlfriend, a former olympic gymnast. putin denies all of it. his private life is never talked about on russian television. >> there's absolutely no critical words about vladimir putin on the russian airways, none. not one word. >> the propaganda, the isolation, the bizarre behavior, all of it worries those who study him closely. >> he's extremely dangerous. he's backed into a corner. >> he's more dangerous than he has ever been. >> mikhail khodorkovsky was once russia's richest man. when he became a putin critic, he ended up in prison for ten years.

>> translator: when he was not greeted with flowers, it drove him literally insane. more scary, he has a mission to show the whole world he is great. >> erratic, obsessed, enraged. is putin now that cornered rat he once encountered? up next -- ♪ ♪ >> when vladimir met hollywood. ♪ on blueberry hill when i found you ♪ >> the putin/america bromance. >> we had a very good meeting. ♪ on blueberry hill ♪ >> that goes downhill fast. ♪ ♪

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september 11th, 2001. >> oh, my god. >> as a horrific attack unfolded in new york, russia's new president, vladamir putin, turned to a top adviser and asked, what can we do to help the americans? he was the first world leader to call the white house that day. >> i would like to say we're with you.

>> in a heartfelt speech he told americans we feel your pain. soon putin visited ground zero, provided weapons and crucial intelligence to fight the taliban and declared emphatically to the world the cold war is over. ♪ ♪ there were glimmers of hope early on. ♪ ♪ >> that putin could be america's friend. ♪ on blueberry hill ♪ >> those hopes are now long forgotten.

how did the man who once felt america's pain become the man who hated the west? in his first year as president, the world saw a very different vladimir putin. >> handshakes and more handshakes. >> the british prime minister. >> the prime minister of canada, jean chretien. >> he charmed word leaders everywhere, visiting 18 countries around the globe. he made a dramatic speech to the german parliament in german. [ applause ] promising that russia was a friendly european nation.

>> based on what i have seen so far, i think that the united states can do business with this man. >> putin started out making gestures towards wanting to join nato. >> most famously -- >> we had a great dinner last night. we had a little texas barbecue. >> putin won the heart of president bush. >> how are you? good to see you. >> what we're talking about is a new relationship so that we can work together to make the world more peaceful. >> convincing him that he was a fellow christian. >> i looked the man in the eye. i found him to be very straightforward and trustworthy. i was able to get a sense of his soul. >> but there was more in putin's soul beneath those kind words for the west. a manipulative former spy,

well-trained in the art of deception. >> he was a kgb agent. >> and a bitterly humiliated russian patriot, hell bent on making russia great again. biding his time -- >> empty stomachs and empty wallets. >> -- while his nation was still weak. >> food shortages, deteriorating living conditions. >> after the collapse of the soviet union, the economic crisis in the beginning of the '90s was real terrible. >> but in the 2000s oil prices skyrocketed. >> russians have never had so much money to spend. >> and they are spending it like there's no tomorrow. >> russia got rich. >> money is flooding into russia. >> and putin grew bolder.

>> we will defend our freedom. >> he rebated america for invading iraq, blasting the expansion of nato, and in 2007 he unleashed a tirade. >> the united states has overstepped its national borders in every way. >> in a startling speech in munich that marked a turning point. >> translator: it leads to a situation where nobody feels secure. >> blistering criticism of american foreign policy. >> hasn't been heard since the cold war. >> he spent almost an hour excoriating the united states and blaming us for everything. >> he says now we were living in a world of unchecked american power.

you say you're bringing democracy and freedom, but you're bringing bloodshed and chaos. >> in retrospect, it's clear that it really was a portend of what was to come. >> fierce battle broke out today on the fringe of the former soviet union. >> putin began to strike back. >> russian planes again bombing georgian targets this morning. >> invading a former soviet republic, georgia. >> he occupies 20% of the country in the course of five days. >> there was no reaction from the west on that war. >> putin told the president war has started today. >> it was forgotten and neglected and ignored within a month. >> the only question now is where will the russians go next? >> in 2014, putin struck again. >> armed men who may be tied to the russian military. >> up to a dozen trucks full of russian troops. >> violated the sovereignty of

another country, and that is ukraine. >> he seized crimea with its nearly 2 million russian speakers. >> that's just the sort of thing that adolf hitler did in the 1930s. we thought those days were gone. >> mystery gunmen. >> removed all identifying marks from their uniforms. >> unidentified soldiers. >> can we ask you where you're from. >> russia's little green men. >> 30,000 russian troops. >> had crossed the border secretly. >> they are known by the nickname, the little green men equipped like russian special forces. >> these are not ukrainian troops. >> putin made bold-faced denials to western leaders. but soon he was celebrating russia's new land. in a gala at the kremlin. having stoked the fires of nationalism, his approval rating

which had been sagging, shot up. >> putin has given them their pride back. >> it won't be bad to get along with russia, right? it wouldn't be bad. >> putin also found a great admirer in america. >> donald trump wins the presidency. >> trump's victory in 2016. ♪ we are the champions ♪ >> prompted wild celebrations in moscow. >> number one, nato is obsolete. >> putin now had a president who wanted america to withdraw from nato. >> great to be with you. >> an admirer of putin. >> president putin denied having anything to do with the election interference in 2016. >> who believed him. >> who do you believe? >> president putin, he just said it's not russia. >> over his own intelligence agencies.

♪ you're simply the best ♪ >> we've reached an historic moment in this election. >> joe biden. >> putin's friend would end up losing the white house. >> the people of this nation have spoken. >> his successor was firmly anti-russian. >> outside of kabul international airport, chaos reigned. >> the taliban said we're going to burn you and your families alive. >> afghans desperately trying to hold on. >> and he also presided over a fiasco in afghanistan. meanwhile, oil prices were once again going through the roof, and europe was deepening its addiction to russian energy. >> the moment felt right for putin to take back the jewel in russia's imperial crown. >> up to 150 civilians might be

buried here. >> a russian execution chamber. >> calls for a war crimes trial. >> but when putin became the butcher of ukraine -- >> undeniable truths. >> the west had an awakening. >> billions of dollars worth of nato weapons flooding into ukraine. >> the goal here is a victory here for ukraine. weapons provided by nato countries. >> europe began arming ukraine to the teeth. >> putin is getting exactly the opposite of what he intended. he thought the west and nato wouldn't respond. i'm authorizing additional strong sanctions. >> the biden administration rallied the world. >> western brands have suspended. >> a new iron curtain around russia right now. >> and ukraine gave the world a new churchill. >> much of the world is united. >> the leadership of ukraine's president. >> years of putin's efforts to

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in late 2011, rebellion arrived in moscow. >> chants of russia without putin rang out. >> tens of thousands gathered blocks from the kremlin. >> as the winter went longer and longer and got colder and colder the presence got bigger and bigger. >> russia's largest since the fall of the soviet union. >> all of us were very optimistic. we were absolutely sure that we are witnessing the last days, if

not months of president putin. >> putin had long feared being ousted by the west, but now he saw something even worse. his own people trying to throw him out. >> popular uprising. >> if there's anything that animates vladimir putin's political moves, it's to stave off popular uprising. >> so putin turned the tables, blaming the protests on the united states of america. the strategy worked. in 2012 putin was re-elected president in a land slide. it was a rare moment of raw emotion for the strong man. >> back in control, putin looked to strike at the heart of the opposition, those behind the protests.

>> he realized that he needs to do something that the protests of 2011 and 2012 were the turning points. >> a cold winter night in 2015, a man and woman walk across the bolshoi bridge right next to the kremlin. inside the circle are the final moments of boris nemtsov. nemtsov was a well-known opposition leader and a key figure during the 2011 protests, but on this night -- >> breaking news coming in from russia. boris nemtsov shot and killed in moscow. >> four of the shots hit him in the back. >> the assassination was extremely professional. there were four or five people work. there was a spotter. there was a guy driving a snowplow to block the camera and his girlfriend who he was walking with didn't realize he

had been shot until the car was already driving off. >> the kremlin has denied any involvement in nemtsov's murder. but death has come often for putin's opponents. during the president's reign, dozens of his critics have met a similar fate, but not every voice has been silenced. alexei navalny electrified crowds during the 2011 protests. >> alexei navalny was probably the brightest star of those protests. >> and his popular youtube videos exposed the regimes's corruption. >> in 2020 russia's only independent pollster asked who is the most inspiring person in the country. president putin came in first

but surprisingly navalny showed up second. august 2020, alexei navalny cries fill an airplane. he tells a flight attendant i'm going to die. he has been poisoned. his underwear laced with a cold war nevin -- nerve agent. >> if the plane hadn't landed, navalny would certainly be dead. >> he spent the next five months in germany recovering and investigating who poisoned him. >> is it your contention that vladimir putin must have been aware of this? >> of course, 100%. >> putin laughed at the accusation. who needs him, he says? but to putin navalny represents

the threat of a popular uprising at home. >> and years earlier putin was rattled by the color revolutions abroad. in georgia, ukraine and kyrgyzstan. three popular uprisings led by people he still saw as russian, each ending with a toppled strong man. all of it moved putin to form his own personal army. in 2016, he created a national guard, separate from the armed forces and under the direct control of his ministry of internal affairs. precisely for these kinds of threat. its commanding general is viktor zolotv, once putin's personal bodyguard. it's now a massive force with

almost unlimited powers. it can arrest anyone, disband any group, even fire on russians without any need for judicial edicts or papers. sit recruited among its ranks thousands of chechen fighters, legendary for their brutality. when protests did come -- >> tens of thousands of russians took to the streets. >> like early last year. >> the biggest show of opposition to vladimir putin in years. >> national guard troops and riot police were used to stomp them out. >> even with putin controlling what russians see in the news, his war in ukraine sparked more unrest and more crackdowns.

15,000 were detained in the weeks after russia invaded. three times more than in all of 2012. >> that proves that no protest is tolerated and no protest will be tolerated in the future. >> it may have insulated himself from a popular uprising, but what about a rebellion among a select few? right in his own house? >> talk of courage to overthrow vladimir putin. >> that's a fantasy but it's a good fantasy. because putin hands out money, hands out power. he controls everything. >> russian elites are dependent on putin 100%. so i guess he's pretty safe for now. >> vladimir putin now lives like a roman emperor.

housed in a massive place outside of moscow, protected by his pretorian guard and impervious to pressures of any kind. >> vladimir putin. >> but one is reminded of the line of autocracies. they do seem eternal until they fall. and then we wonder how they lasted as long as they did. ♪ ♪ for you to sell your car whether it's a year old, or a few years old we want to buy your car so go to carvana enter your license plate answer a few questions and our techno wizardry calculates your car's value and gives you a real offer in seconds when you're ready we'll come to you pay you on the spot and pick up your car that's it so ditch the old way of selling your car

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♪ and now my final thoughts. i met vladimir putin for the first time when he came to the world economic forum in january 2009. i was with a small group of editors who were granted an hour of time off the record with the russian president. he was almost an hour and a half late, which is very unusual in davos because things usually run with swiss punctuality, but i had read somewhere that this was one of putin's power moves, to establish the difference between him and the other person. putin is not tall or imposing. he's shortish, of medium build and with fairly nondescript features. he seemed slightly annoyed to be there and began by mocking an editor whose magazine had published some tough articles on putin over the size of his ring. the man was wearing one of those large-ish college rings. again, putin seemed to enjoy putting others at discomfort, at

some kind of disadvantage. the meeting began and putin came across as intelligent, extremely well-briefed and deeply aggrieved. he began a litany of complaints against the west and america in particular, nato, kosovo, arms control, iraq. later at davos when michael dell offered to build out russia's digital infrastructure, putin snapped at him saying russia was not an invalid, a developing country, it would build its own stuff. he seemed highly nationalistic and yet highly rational. and that was my impression of putin in our subsequent meetings, including one interview. is this a new putin we are now witnessing? reckless, emotional? i don't know. but we do know that the russian president has not stayed the same over his extraordinary reign. in his first years he courted the west, seductively, convincing president george w. bush that he was a spiritual

man, telling the german bundestag that russia's destiny lay in the west, a speech he made in german. but in those early days putin desperately needed help from the west. russia had big debts and its economy had crashed. then came almost a decade of high oil prices and the russian economy rebounded with vigor. putin's petro state was rich and with that change came greater confidence, ambition and even expansion. putin began to do what perhaps he always wanted to do, retrieve those russian-speaking lands that were part not of the soviet union but the older russian empire. putin sees himself not as a soviet commissar but as a russian czar, in the tradition of his hero, peter the great. perhaps what changed was not putin but the circumstances. when he could, he was aggressive. this year he acted because, again, oil and gas prices were sky high. the west seemed internally divided and weak, and europe in particular had become dependent

on russian energy. when he thought he had power, we can see what he wanted, total control over all of ukraine. and when he couldn't get that, we see the viciousness with which he has waged war on ordinary ukrainians, even women and children. whatever the provocation, what leader would be that merciless? is he this way due to isolation? because of covid? 22 long years in office? some even wonder about an illness or mental condition. perhaps, but i would rather not pathologize his behavior. this is an occasion not for clinical analysis but moral judgment. putin may not be sick. he may be evil, which is worse. i'm fareed zakaria. thank you for watching.

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♪ umbria. [ speaking foreign language ] it means it's the green heart of italy. not a jealous heart, but a fertile one. ♪ >> arriving in early fall, i chart a course through umbria's ancient forests and misty mountains. this is italy before the romans, a place where families lived close to the land, a land of saintly legends, impossibly perched hilltop towns and rustic cuisine. >> wow. stop filming and just eat it. cheers. >> i'm stanley tucci. i'm italian on both sides and i'm travel across italy to discover how the food in each of this country's 20 regions is as unique as the people and their past