of life, it's not just a few dollars that will be lost, it's the spirit of the country that will be lost. the decision is ours. ♪ we have intelligent machines creeping into our daily lives. it's going to be a new world out there. >> the popularity of these video games is nothing short of a social phenomenon. >> personal computers, walk-around stereos, automatic cameras, mobile telephones. >> a major moment in the history of flight. >> the experts tell us all of this is just the tip of the iceberg of what's to come. >> there's literally a hyper culture that is developing. almost a cult. >> we are no longer on the verge of the personal computer revolution. we are right in the midst of it, thank you.

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the same technology that's been in place for a couple of decades. typewriter. calculators. tv. oven. a car. you listen to music on a big old stereo system with a turntable. maybe you had a digital watch and that was the only thing that was going to be digital that you actually owned. >> hello? i'm not here now but my faithful machine is. >> there was a handful of technology at that time. one was the telephone answering machine. you would be driving home and you would say i can't wait to check my messages. you know, it becomes part of the day. honey, i'm checking my messages. >> from the noisy streets of new york to the laid-back tranquility of california, americans are tuning out and tuning in. >> when i think of technology in the 1980s, i think of the walkman. the walkman was huge. >> it's the latest fad. tiny stereo cassette players with featherweight head phones.

>> it's like carrying your stereo with you on your head. >> the walkman, you listened to music from a fixed location in your home to mobile. >> you are witnessing the ultimate miniaturization of the cassette player. never has so much genius been coaxed into so little space. >> in all the great bursts of innovation, there is always some kind of scientific breakthrough that has to happen first. and none of this stuff could have happened in the 1980s without the transistor being invented in the late 1940s. japan and sony in particular really understood that this technology could make things smaller, more affordable, more personal. sony was the brand name that really mattered in the 1980s in technology. >> i'll take the sony. >> the original sony walkman was so solid, it was a pleasure to hold. it had density. it had heft. the cassette, pop it in, close it. a very satisfying sound. not just a click-click.

it was click-thunk. >> gorgeous, gorgeous machine. it provided you with a soundtrack to your life. >> transformers and cabbage patch dolls, maybe the top two toy sellers this year but for adults there's only one hot item. the vcr. >> christmas shoppers made the video cassette recorder one of this year's hottest gifts for grown-ups. they are selling at a million units per month but it's a lot more than a popular christmas gift. it's an invention some say is changing the whole idea of television. >> there's so many inventions where you can trace their success back to the smashing of a limitation and the vcr smashed the limitation of time. >> most people use vcrs for what they call time shifting. say this sunday is your parents' 50th wedding anniversary. but you can't miss the steelers. what you do is set the timer on your recorder, pop in a tape and watch the steelers when you get home. it just changed the paradigm of television. >> the makers of tv programs and movies shown on television claim

their films lose their rerun value when they're recorded on home videotape recorders and then played later. the movie studio said this violated the copyright laws and they sued the home recorder manufacturers for allegedly instigating widespread in the home law-breaking. >> you cannot have high class entertainment if 50 million taping machines are out there in an unauthorized fashion with no compensation to owners, taking from them what rightfully belongs to them. >> the supreme court today answered a multi billion dollar business question affecting the wallets of millions of americans and one of the fastest growing forms of recreation, home videotape recording. the court ruled it is legal and violates no copyright law. >> not only did the movie industry lose that one but they were totally wrong. the vcr turned us into a nation of movie nuts. >> it may be the fastest growing business in america, the sale of

video cassette tapes that people buy or more often rent to play at home on their video cassette recorders. >> more than 24,000 retail outlets across america now sell or rent tapes of all kinds. >> you go to a video store and pick something out that you missed. in the old days if you missed a movie, you would miss the movie. >> the market's not restricted to blockbuster films. jane fonda through her workout tapes has shown one can make money with a product geared specifically to the home video market. >> the success of camcorders marks the second phase of the video revolution. not just taking movies home but making them at home, and anywhere else you happen to go. >> i was a kid who had a camcorder. it was the size of kentucky. it had to be, because it played vhs cassettes. >> it can be used by just about anybody. its advantage over film is about to revolutionize the industry. >> there's no developing. you can rewind and record over it if you didn't like the take. that is an enormous shift. >> americans buy billions of

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quarter by quarter, $6 billion got fed into video game slots last year. that's double what americans spent to go to the movies. >> people flocked to them because the arcade game could afford expensive hardware at the time and the hardware had enough power to do things we had never seen before. >> there was essentially an arcade in every mall, on every street corner. the lunch money was not safe if there was arcade around. >> arcade games at the time were the first machine that we could really interact with. we could cause a world to do something, so we would grab a joy stick and move a character around or fire something at a spaceship and we never had an experience like that before. >> the popularity of these video games is nothing short of a social phenomenon. pacman is seemingly everywhere. >> retailers can't keep the home version stocked. one dealer describes the demand. >> phenomenal. telephones ringing every five

minutes. it's pacman mania. >> my big memory of the '80s was my best friend got this $300 console that connected to your tv. he would just play this thing forever. it was the first time anyone had ever seen anything but tv on a tv, and i thought wow, this is technology. >> the imaginary rockets are controlled by the same chips the u.s. army used in their defense programs. but the significance of the chip does not only lie in gadgets. her whole future will be changed by the silicon chip business. >> it was discovered that you could actually etch a whole lot of transistors on to a piece of silicon which was basically a cheap substance that could be mass manufactured. >> these chips can control the flow of electrical current that in effect enables them to store and remember zillions of bits of information on a surface just a little bit thicker than an eggshell and smaller than a

fingernail. >> this silicon chip supplies the brain power for 1,001 electronic gadgets from wrist watches to microwave ovens. >> the mushrooming industry gives birth to a high tech cult and a place called silicon valley. >> the magic part of silicon valley is that there is this boiling pot of people who were involved in technology, involved in science. silicon valley was hp, sri, xerox and stanford university. that was a hell of a powerful combination. >> there were these two cultures, engineers with ph.d.s and hobbyists. >> it was a time when there was a lot of social fervent in and around the bay area. there was a lot of counter culture people. you had cheap semiconductors, you had people who would look at things differently than what the conventional person was and that's what the technology needed then.

>> one of the things that was really hard about making a computer was now on a chip. so all of a sudden, people who had a thirst for this stuff could go out and buy a computer, you could make them yourself. >> there was a lot of this revolutionary theme with a lot of the technical people in it, changes in technology and how we were part of it even though in our companies we were the fringe element. we are not the managers and leaders but boy, just a clever design on its own had value. >> you have these guys like steve jobs and steve wozniak and bill gates and paul allen who had been messing around on the edges of what would become the personal computer industry but no one in corporate america and no one in most of the homes of america thought that the personal computer was anything that would ever have -- would ever even happen, let alone have any relevance to them. >> for all of us, the computer revolution was really exciting. it was like wow, this is wide open. it was a group of people who want to make a change in the world. eventually, the two forces in silicon valley, the hobbyists and the buttoned-down business guys, ended up coming together when the chip makers realized

that these things the hobbyists were doing could lead to this whole new kind of product called the personal computer. >> it was at a home brewed computer club where steve wozniak and steve jobs first displayed the computer they had been working on and it caused a sensation. >> we had absolutely no idea what people were going to do with these things when we started out. matter of fact, the two people it was designed for was woz and myself, because we couldn't afford to buy a computer kit on the market. we got to working, showed our friends. immediately, everyone wanted one. >> woz was the technical genius and jobs was the marketing genius. >> you needed both of those kinds of mindsets to actually make this new technology work and create this company out of thin air called apple. >> since the apple computer company was founded five years ago, its sales have skyrocketed from about $100,000 to more than $100 million with the most popular typewriter sized computer on the market today. steven jobs is now 26 years old and he sees his computer's future as the future of mankind.

>> how many calculators do you own? >> two, maybe. >> right. you use the automatic bank telling machines? >> sure. >> so life is already seducing you into learning this stuff. it's not going to happen at once and it's certainly not a 1984-ish vision at all. it will just be very gradual and very human and will seduce you into learning how to use it. >> random access memory is internal memory built inside of this computer. >> these new computers were big, ugly, difficult to use inventions when they first came out. >> it would crash and you had to figure out what to do. it would not always create the right results. so it really did take a mindset of someone willing to cut it some slack. >> take little steps. don't take big steps. >> everybody kind of agreed that this could be the next great thing after the printing press if we do it right. it's not just having a machine. the world needed to be made better. those are the things that actually can lift a society into a new way of thinking.

>> industry experts say we're no longer on the verge of the personal computer revolution. we're right in the midst of it, thank you. and it's gathering steam with more and more people jumping aboard every day. if you shop at walmart, you get it. ♪ you save on what you need without skimping on the things you love. ♪ you know how to spend a little less to get a little more to make life a little better. ♪ denny's all-time favorite super slam is back. get bacon, sausage, eggs, hashbrowns and buttermilk pancakes for only $6.99. give your wallet a break and send it on a summer slamcation. the hottest deals are at denny's, america's value destination. ♪ it's the all-new subway series menu. twelve irresistible new subs.

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over it. the mindset was the computer as the brain and it was a threatening concept. >> the 1980s is a period of time when the big impersonal giant machine that lives in a huge air conditioned room some place suddenly becomes something that sits on your desk. >> something is happening out there. something that's expanding your world. small computers are happening. >> as soon as we have intelligent machines creeping into our daily lives, into our factories, into our hospitals, into our businesses, then it's going to be a new world out there. >> computer stores have become the neighborhood soda shops of the binary generation. the disciples, young and old, of smart machines. >> companies that were starting to build personal computers, companies like atari, commodore, tandy or apple, began to see them as a home market and it was starting to seep into the public consciousness. >> personal computers have become the business of at least 25 manufacturers with three

companies, radio shack, apple and commodore, grabbing three-quarters of the market. >> this personal computer costs about $1400 and fits nicely on a desk corner. duplicating its performance just five years ago would have cost $75,000 and involve a unit the size of a large refrigerator. >> when the average american thought computer they thought ibm. it made mainframe computers that ran pretty much everything. >> ibm was one of the most powerful corporations in america and in technology, it was the most powerful company that had ever existed in technology. >> because of this activity in personal computers, it started to make ibm look like it was somewhere behind the eight ball. >> they look at the apple ii and say we can make one of those. we build the computers that put america on the moon. we will get in that business, squash these guys, no problem. >> ibm, international business machines, has entered the small computer market for the first time. >> the idea of the small computer has become so big that the giant of computer companies,

ibm, is busy marketing its new small computer. >> it will, they say, give credibility to home computers. they will no longer be just another new gadget. >> ibm has set an objective to build the office of the future. >> before ibm came in, companies would not think about buying personal computers. but suddenly when ibm's selling one, now it becomes a safer decision. >> ibm's personal computer is designed for office, school or home use. it's aimed at exactly the same market as its competitors. >> when ibm started developing the ibm pc it needed an operating system. this young guy named bill gates had started a tiny little company called microsoft. >> bill gates was that unusual combination of a tech guy who was as good as the best tech guys but he also had a business sense. and he had a business vision. >> at the time, everyone was making it up as they went along. there was nothing that came before it. there was no personal computer industry.

so when gates said to ibm how about this, we'll write you an operating system for your pc and we will get a cut of every machine you sell, and in addition, he made sure that it was not an exclusive license, that he was going to be able to sell this software to ibm but he was also going to be able to sell the same software to the other people because gates intuited that there were going to be people who would build knock offs of ibm, the pc clones. >> it was a genius move on the part of the bill gates who was still in his early 20s when he makes this decision. you've got these guys at ibm in their blue suits and dark ties who are looking at this company, microsoft, saying who cares? software, who cares about software, man. we build these big machines. >> ibm did not realize that it was essentially handing all this power to this little nerd. >> if you had stayed at harvard a few more years, would this computer revolution have passed you by? >> perhaps. things move very quickly in the industry and it was really the urgency to get out there and be the first one to put a basic on the microcomputer that caused me

to drop out. >> if you don't have one, you will be amazed what these little gadgets can do. >> the idea was that ordinary people might have a use for computers. now, it took awhile to figure out what those uses might be. >> the main thing was spreadsheets and word processing. the computer was the best typewriter you could ever have. it gave you a new way to write. you could change things around and check your spelling and it would always look perfect. >> bottom line numbers. >> my dad had the large ledger sheets, done them all by hand and i remember taking a computer to show them a spreadsheet and suddenly, he understood the value of a personal computer. >> there is a drastic mindset change in the whole country about what a computer was. it happened in a very short period of time. >> gather round. we'll tell you a little more about the system. >> here at the west coast computer fair, the speed of development in this industry is so great that each day virtually outdates the previous one.

>> it is lower prices that helped the tremendous boom in home computer sales but one home in ten will have a computer by the end of this year. by 1990, the number could be two out of three. >> we knew the personal computer was getting serious when the competition started, because when you have competition, innovation gets stimulated. >> compaq. >> atari. >> this is the one. >> high resolution, more storage and greater expandability than ibm's pc. >> ibm's entry heated up an already volatile market. one industry innovator, osborn computer, was forced into bankruptcy court last month. and apple, the industry's number one in small computers, had to concede it was now number two behind ibm. >> all of a sudden, you were in an old-fashioned competitive business in which you really had to be better than the other guy. >> there are 150 microcomputer companies. all of them want 10% of the market. that just isn't going to happen.

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>> when these things were first starting to pop up in the mid 1980s, the customers were people that had a business reason for having these things. or some super-rich dude who just wanted to show off. the big breakthrough idea was this idea of cellular systems. >> it's called cellular because your car phone is tied into different radio transmitters. each one called a cell. and as you travel, the signal from your phone travels from cell to cell. >> this was something that had never been done before. >> if you don't have one now, you probably will have one in a decade, say the phone makers, as the price comes down into the range of other high tech toys. >> there were people that understood even in the early days that being trapped in a car was not freedom. people are fundamentally naturally mobile. >> i like to say that technology will go from a phone in the car to a phone in a briefcase to finally a phone in your pocket. >> and this is it. this is a portable cellular

phone. you will be able to take this to any american city and call virtually anyplace in the world and its maker, motorola says a smaller version than this will be on the market next year. >> the first cell phones looked like soviet army field telephones. they were these huge lunch boxes you hold up to your head. >> this is just the birth of this industry. all inventions start out in a very rough state. and whether it's computers or cell phones, it took awhile to refine them and make them into something that all of us use. >> you look at the bottom of your screen, it says please press. >> to defend the computer has become a national mania. we are told miss the electronic boat and you're sunk. >> in the future everything is probably going to be computerized so you have to know how to use computers. >> my son just took a computer class in school. he's only 8 years old. i figure i'd just as soon be as smart as he is. >> for all you hear about friendly, they aren't really especially for playing pacman. >> a small snag in computer marketing has been what is

called technophobia. fear of these bloodless little wizards. the manufacturers are trying to overcome it by making them what they call user-friendly. >> isn't that pretty. now what do i do? >> making computers easy enough to use for a beginner, it wasn't always true. people have never encountered this stuff. >> don't shift. >> so there is a great disconnect between the ambitions of the apples and microsofts and the realities of people trying to use these things for the first time. >> right now, if you buy a computer system and you want to solve one of your problems, we immediately throw a big problem right in the middle of you and your problem, which is learning how to use the computer. substantial problem to overcome. once you overcome that, it's a phenomenal tool. >> steve jobs thought that a

computer should require no technical skill. he thought that it should be capable of generating artistic endeavors and not just number crunching business things. >> is there anything you would like the see it do? >> we would love to have it in a book right now about this size but that's technically impossible. >> steve's like i want to make a friendly computer. a computer that comes from a different kind of place. that owes its inspiration to people who are thoughtful and creative and human and humane. >> this is an experimental office system at the xerox research center in california. >> what flowers? my anniversary. i forgot. >> xerox in the 1980s was one of the most exciting companies in america. xerox had this booming copier business. it wasn't a personal computer company but they opened up this lab called the palo alto research center. >> xerox park was xerox's think tank. they were working on all these crazy out there ideas which included the mouse and

overlapping windows and fonts and graphics on the computer screen. just to see if they could do it. steve jobs hears about some of the work going on at this lab and he wants a look. >> xerox park was an invention place. apple was an innovation place. steve was very visual and could see right away the visual graphic interface was different and more communicative than anything he had seen before. he knew it was effective because it was affecting him. >> jobs realizes this is the future of computing. this is a whole different kind of computer to be built. famously, a computer for the rest of us. >> 1984, the ridley scott commercial for the macintosh. >> it depicted a very thinly disguised representation of ibm's scary 1984's leader on a big screen saying that this tiny little company, apple, is going to destroy the reigning power.

>> we shall prevail! >> on january 24th, apple computer will introduce macintosh. >> the personal computer war heated up today. apple computer officially unveiled its new macintosh. >> i would like to let macintosh speak for itself. >> hello. i'm macintosh. >> the introduction to mac was an event. steve jobs really did think of the mac as a thing that would change the world. >> apple is spending $100 million and admittedly, its future, to make inroads against ibm. >> apple felt like a rock band. it had the same kind of spirit. they seemed to be going up against the man in ibm. >> it is aimed at a largely untapped market of managers, professionals and students. while they make up about 75% of the white collar work force, less than 5% now use computers mostly because of their complexity. macintosh is designed for

simplicity, using a palm-sized unit called a mouse. >> it was the first time a machine was personal, it was simple, it was friendly. >> it took the computer out of the exclusive domain of geeks and nerds and people who had memorized those commands and put it on the desk of everybody, untrained non-technical people. >> stores around the country put them on sale today and analysts say it's a good bet that macintosh could soon be the biggest apple of the industry's eye. >> it's got its best years far ahead of it. >> eventually i want to be able to carry my mac around with me, walk away with it in my pocket. >> you really do like that mac. you would trade it for an ibm? >> are you kidding? >> as materials sciences progressed, more and more circuitry keeps getting put on smaller and smaller chips, circuit boards, so the closer together elements on a chip are, the faster the motion of signals between them. there was something called

moore's law, named for gordon moore, one of the engineers who worked at intel. basically it was an observation computer engineers are getting to the point where they can essentially double the computer power of computer chips every 18 months or so. and this was what really made the power of computers explode in the 1980s, because every 18 months, these things were getting twice as good. >> you could basically put a whole computer on a chip, it was less expensive to manufacture. so you had smaller which led to faster which led to cheaper. >> under any other field of consumer products, things get more expensive over time. milk, gasoline, houses. but not technology. >> one of the striking things about the development of especially hardware during the 1980s, was the fact that it was getting so much more powerful so rapidly that there developed a strong tendency on the part of people who were about to buy a computer, should i buy the computer today? no, in fact if i wait six months for the same money i can get twice the computer.

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if all goes according to plan, "columbia" will soar like a skylark next month. >> if the shuttle program works the way it's designed to work it will be a technological feat rivaling america's visit to the moon. a major moment in the history of flight. >> the space shuttle had new systems, new technology, primary things. fly by wire system. you don't have pulleys and cables, it's all done by electronics. all the commands go through a computer. >> it was built as the world's first reusable spaceship. one that would commute to space, carrying scientists and satellites. >> the most important thing was the digital revolution, faster, more powerful computers with complex software. >> computers are absolutely necessary to fly a spacecraft like the shuttle. it's the most sophisticated,

most complex system that has been put into space yet. >> first time i saw "columbia" and got close to it, my whole thought was oh, my god, it's big. and this is going to go 17,500 miles per hour? >> more than half a million people crowded the beaches around cape kennedy this morning to witness first-hand the first space shuttle launch. >> t minus 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4. we have gone for main engine start. >> we added a giant fuel tank to it and two solid rocket boosters that are the largest pop bottle rockets on the planet. when you light that puppy it's going somewhere. >> america's first space shuttle and the shuttle has cleared the tower. >> "columbia" houston, you're going 40. >> i am in the mission control center but it's only after the fact that you get into orbit that your mouth drops and you

calm down, you go wow. that's amazing. >> and that vehicle is performing like a champ, like all of us had worked so long knew that she would. i think we've got something that's really going to mean something to the country and the world. >> the astronauts have about 14 more hours in space before they touch down tomorrow in california's mojave desert. >> we were in l.a. and we heard the sonic boom. >> that was it, that was it. it's coming down. >> there it is. >> putting that all together and the technology to make it fly, and then landing is remarkable. nothing like it. had ever been done. >> i said it worked. the damn thing worked. >> the day will come, according to nasa, that a launch will be so routine that the press and television won't even bother to cover it. >> 30 weeks later, after "columbia" had been returned to

the kennedy space center, astronauts joe engel and dick truly flew into space again. >> space shuttle was like a large truck that could deploy satellites and it had a robotic arm so that you can repair and upgrade spacecraft. >> and liftoff of the orbitter "challenger." sixth flight of a space shuttle. >> this was the birth of space travel not just space missions. we are talking about sending a laboratory, almost like a university in space, and it started feeling like anybody could be an astronaut. >> the countdown is under way tonight at cape canaveral toward sunday's scheduled launch of the shuttle "challenger." a liftoff that will carry america's first teacher into space. >> still doesn't seem real that i'm going to be able to go with these guys. i'm excited. >> the ice is cleared away and "challenger" should be going away very soon. let's go down to the kennedy space center and take a look at "challenger" sitting on the pad as they continue the countdown. >> the "challenger" flight in

january '86 was the 25th flight of the space shuttle but it was an especially notable one because hundreds of thousands, if not millions of school kids around the country were tuned into the launch. >> it was the first mission i wasn't in the mission control center. i was outside standing next to the families. >> t-minus 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. liftoff of the 25th space shuttle mission and it has cleared the tower. >> roger roll, "challenger." >> good roll, flight. >> my responsibilities for that flight was i was spacecraft communicator. i was actually communicating with the crew. >> engine's throttling up. >> "challenger" go with throttle up.

>> i was looking at my screen and i turned and looked, and i did not understand or recognize what i saw. it didn't make sense to me, because it was this fiery mess. >> flight. negative contact. >> there was this angry red glow and this wail from the hearts of the family because they knew what i knew. that "challenger" crew was gone. >> today is a day for mourning and remembering. the future doesn't belong to the faint-hearted.

it belongs to the brave. the "challenger" crew was pulling us into the future and we'll continue to follow them. there will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. nothing ends here. our hopes and our journeys continue. >> to honor our fallen, we have to find this and fix it and fly it again. >> within a matter of days, we knew it was the solid rocket booster joint that had failed. the o-ring was a flawed design that had led to the loss of the "challenger." >> during the 30 months since the "challenger" accident, there had been hundreds of hardware changes to not only the solid rocket booster, but also to the orbiter, the large liquid rocket fuel tank. numerous software changes had been implemented. all had been tested exhaustively. >> i wanted the opportunity to fly on that first return flight and i was fortunate being

assigned to that crew. >> three, two, one, zero, and liftoff. liftoff. americans return to space. >> i tell you, i held my breath for two minutes until i saw the rocket motors come in. i just went, thank god. and we continued on into orbit. >> let us remember the "challenger" crew. we can say at long last that dick, mike, judy, gerard, kristin and greg. dear friends, we have resumed the journey that we promised to continue for you. nny's all-timee super slam is back. get bacon, sausage, eggs, hashbrowns and buttermilk pancakes for only $6.99. give your wallet a break and send it on a summer slamcation. the hottest deals are at denny's, america's value destination. if maga republicans get their way, abortion will be banned nationwide,

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they always start out as a luxury. then they turn into a necessity. >> i did a robotics company that failed. damn it. and i believe if you can envision it in science fiction, and if you can do it, of course we're going to have robots running around the house. >> why is somebody going to buy this thing? one of the problems was the engineering mentality, we're going to build it because we can. >> watch out, some items have more functions than you might dream, like this samsung microwave oven/color tv/security system. now you never have to leave. >> this is the first indash portable car video system. >> for the car? >> for the car, right. >> in the big picture, it's really frustrating and exhilarating to watch the way technology's evolved. >> the home minder has a medical hoe pad. and it would beep to tell us -- >> we're going to spend the rest of our lives hanging around a television set? >> right.

>> almost nobody can say, we're going to take technology to this point. it's much more chaotic. things rise, ball, bubble and fall back. great ideas pop out but nobody can find a use for it, so it goes away. it is a confluence of developments that are all happening at the same time. >> small and portable are the watchwords for the '90s according to manufacturers showing their wares in chicago this week. sony has camcorder that fits into your hand and a combination tv/vcr that goes into your purse or briefcase. >> if you have one of these and one of these, but you don't have one of these, you're missing half the fun of owning a computer. this is a modem, with it you can turn your computer into a window on the world. >> i remember the first time i went online with my come pew serve. it was like the first time i had scuba dived. there is this whole world out there. >> we can type a message like hi. it comes down at the bottom and simply press return and it will

be broadcast to everybody in that room. >> does anybody say anything meaningful or useful in these things? >> it's a lot of social banter. it really is an area forepeople can meet friends and talk about -- >> we'll worry about people falling in love and getting married online. >> exactly. >> i remember the very first time, eeee! you know, the modem dialing. here's a chat room with 12 other people typing in real time from wherever they happened to be. blew me away. >> there is tremendous demand. if you look at all the online services, bulletin boards, user groups, various thing, there is literally a hyper culture developing, almost a cult. >> those early information services greatly multiplied the power of what a personal computer was. >> since they joined prodigy, a computer service accessed by telephone, they do everything from checking the weather map to shopping online for christmas gifts. they even buy and sell stocks. the experts tell us all of this is just the tip of the iceberg of what's to come.

>> there were all kinds of crazy ideas that really foreshadowed the next explosion of technology. >> a human being drives through aspen by touching the tv screen. >> is it reasonable to assume that our children will have such devices? >> i think it's reasonable to assume you will have all these things in your home in a short amount of time. >> the thing about decades is they don't often actually arrive on time. but when it comes to the world of technology, it really did. the world fundamentally changed in the 1980s and the world we now live in was really born, in some ways. >> this was the decade in which technology in general made our personal lives just that much richer and easier than they had been before. at least those of us who could figure out which button to push. >> we went from invention to innovation. innovation is taking a idea into a product.

>> these concepts of digital random access, mobile, portable, and cheap, had started to catch on. >> different ways to run a business. different ways to communicate with your friends. different ways to experience virtual worlds. i don't think we've ever seen a decade like that, frankly. >> there was realization that this kind of technology was going to be part of our lives. it's where our work and entertainment and all of that is going to reside. >> i believe that what is happening today is truly a revolution in the deepest sense of the word. that 30 or 40 years from now, it's going to be hard to recognize the way we live. >> technology can make our life better. and technology means that anything's possible. >> it is a fascinating future, but one which computer scientists themselves are beginning to question. for example, with a free flow of information, can someone tap into my home computer and invade my privacy? will electronic mail eventually lead to electronic junk mail? will the stores as we know them today eventually disappear? and don't many shoppers really like squeezing the tomatoes?

will we wind up with a cashless, paperless society? and do we really want one? these are the kinds of social questions which the scientists say society should answer. welcome to all of you watching here in the united states, canada, and around the world. i'm kim brunhuber. ahead on "cnn newsroom," as russia targets more ukrainian cities, we look at whether new western military aid can tip the scales. u.s. president joe biden is back from his trip to the middle east, and he has a bold retort to criticisms about his fist bump with the saudi crown prince. wildfires ravage parts of europe as a sweltering heat wave spreads. we're live in madrid with the latest