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cities across the country are grappling with the reality, or in some cases, the perception, of a significant rise in crime. and they're looking for solutions. take san francisco for example, where the cities borders supervisors voted to approve a controversial policy which will allow police to deploy robots that kill. it's a jarring headline, i admit, but there is the police chief, bill scott, tell cnn, these robots would only be used in the most extreme circumstances. he also said that officers with the rank of deputy or assistant chief or chief of police would be able to authorize the use of these lethal robots. i want to bring in now editor

in chief of the hill, bob cusack, cnn political commentator ashley allison and cnn law enforcement analyst, former d.c. metropolitan police officer michael fanone. when you think about this headline, the idea of robots being able to be used that can use lethal force, it's on the backdrop not in a vacuum on our discussions over the years about the fourth amendment. reasonable search and seizure, excessive police force. it also conjures up, for many people, what happened in 2016. remembering dallas, when a robotic device was used to deploy against somebody who fatally shot five officers. this was a different context, michael, but i'm wondering from your perspective, when you think about this through the delegation perhaps to irobot, are we being too reductive about this? what do you make of it? >> i mean, i think as law enforcement officer, i want to have tools in my tool box that

are available to me to address any possible scenario. and as we know from 2016, there was a scenario in which that was the safest way to neutralize a threat that was posed against law enforcement. again, only to be used in the most extreme circumstances. obviously, having achieved or assistant chief being the only individuals within the chain of command that can approve that tactic. >> does that rank make you feel more secure in terms of the judgment to be used and went to do it? >> it does. obviously, it's gonna have to make its way through quite a few individuals and ultimately to the top before someone can approve that drastic measure. that being said, i think it's important for officers to have any tool at their disposal as

long as it's appropriately used. >> i do wonder about the length of time it takes in the most extreme circumstances, how do you know to use and will it be done in time before the human element comes in. and i've gotta tell you, part of me thinks to myself, well, when you have a human being, there's a chance that judgments or discretion can be more trusted, maybe the automatic nature of a robot. that can't be shut off in some respect. do you have some misgivings about this? >> i have to say, when i saw the story, it did not make me feel comfortable. i understand the need for law enforcement to have what they need to do their jobs and protect themselves, i also know that when we use robots on some things, algorithms, processes, they are imperfect. and when we talk about taking another person's life, that draws it into question. we don't always get it right at us as human beings, and the robots won't either. i guess the question is, when

and why you use it and i don't want it to become a slippery slope. i don't want to become the self-driving car. or the person that stops someone for a traffic stop. maybe in the most extreme circumstances, i do have some hesitation and pause on how this will be used in society. >> let's hear from the san francisco police chief, bill scott, i want you to respond as well. because there are those concerns, i think he was anticipating and try to address at least in part. >> our technicians and our special weapons and tactics officers who use these types of devices are highly trained, highly skilled, and they know what they're doing. what we have asked for is the ability to use robots in the event that we have that worst-case scenario, where lives have been taken or the in the process of being lost and

it is unsafe to send an officer to that door, to that structure, to that location where this is happening. >> the idea of knowing what you're doing is i guess the idea of being trained. but if you think about us in san francisco, compare that to what's happening in a place like new york. where there's conversations now about mental health, and the idea of being able to detain or in voluntarily come fine in some way. and commit using all these same notions of discussions. the idea of being able to think. here's what's gonna happen, here's the right decision to make. here's your point thinking about it, what does it say in the climate we're in, is this idea of this level of discretion and then the delegation to a measure like this, we're thinking about mental health and having that be a part of the assessment. does that sit well? >> number one, i think this country has to come to grips with a mental health problem. it's a crisis. and it's only gotten worse

since covid. when you can save a police officer's life, that's a great thing. but it should be one of the last resources. i think you have to have oversight here. to your point on a slippery slope i think is a very good one, what's the next step. >> you've been congressional oversight of some kind? >> some kind of oversight to review whether it's local or congressional. you need to say okay, didn't work in the situation? we just can't trust the police completely. but at the same time, i understand his point. that if you're gonna stand a human being in there and, that's an officer's gonna lose a life, why not send a robot if it's a dangerous situation? but i do think that congress and others, the mental health issue i think more legislation has to be passed, i think more resources have to be delivered to states and localities. i think new programs have to be set up and insurance companies don't really recognize mental health as much as other types of health problems. that's a problem. >> we've known the idea of mental health, just a

transition to the finer point on this, you in new york, you know you've got this new implemented the idea of being able to have officers who frankly are already overwhelmed with him in a variety of ways, insisting on being the jack of all trades. do you have concerns about requiring officers to be in a position to assess mental health in a broader way? and be able to determine an episode, what to do about it? and to make decisions that might be different from the training you received in terms of a violent threat? >> listen, anytime that you introduce an armed law enforcement officer into an encounter with a civilian, there's always going to be the possibility of an escalation of force that could ultimately result in the loss of life. that being said, i think that mayor adams sees a problem and he's approaching that problem as a law enforcement officer would. mental health is an issue, it

is an epidemic in this country. and homelessness is an epidemic in this country. and there are issues that i saw as a police officer in washington d.c. for two decades, involving a combination of the two factors, that i could not address as a police officer. and i think that what mayor adams is saying is, we have this problem, we need to do something, we can't just do nothing, and so, he's using force that he has at his disposal as the mayor of new york city, and hoping that their intervention in these individuals lives will result in a better situation than what they're experiencing right now. >> the honesty is important, the idea of -- there's no panacea to all the issues were describing, but just note, read more about what's happening in san francisco, as of course what's happening in different contexts

in new york. listen, everyone, the picture is out there are studying. and i'm talking about the world's largest active volcano. look at it right there. shooting lava for miles on hawaii's big island, and everyone wants to see it. but how close can you get and stay safe? for me, it's right here. but i'll ask a volcanologist next. next. for chest, neck, and back. it goes on clear. no mess. jujust soothing comfort. try vicks vapostick.

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now to the world's largest active volcano, shooting fountains of lava more than 100 feet up into the air. the volcano erupted this week for the first time since 1984. now it's edging towards a major highway in hawaii. luckily, officials say it's

currently not a threat to neighboring communities. i want to bring in jess phoenix she's a volcanologist and author of misadventure. my wild explorations in science, lava and life. jess, just looking at this it almost seems like a hollywood movie. it shooting up it almost doesn't even look real. and i can't help it be a little fearful of what we're seeing. tell me, is there a real risk? is this rapidly moving lava that shooting and going out? >> well, when you have moments where the lava is being ejected into the air, forming what we call lava fountains, like in the video, that can be hazardous. you don't want to get too close to that. however, this eruption is actually, at the moment, one of the best case scenarios for a volcanic eruption. because the lava that this volcano produces is really easy. it's a runny lava. it's not the type of laws and that you see with mount st.

helens, or vesuvius, where you have a really sticky lover that creates a big explosion. this volcano is oozing and running and flowing and that means that scientists can up close and personal and really understand what's going on with a volcano. >> that's what's so exciting, i'm sure, for a volcanologist like yourself, you don't want it to, obviously, impact communities or cause any harm. but there's something very magnificent i'm sure about the study of seeing an active after 40 decades, 40 years excuse me, what kind of things could you learn about this and seeing the eruption. how distinct is it from say it's dormant period to have a better understanding of what makes the volcanoes tick and a way to prevent or predict? >> yeah, right now, volcanology is a science that is rapidly making improvements. ever since mount st. helens erupted in 1980, it's revolutionized the study of volcanoes.

and it really drove home the need that we have to understand them better. in order to protect people and peoples property from damage. so, right now, when we watch this eruption, scientists are out there 24/7, taking measurements of the rate of the flow of the composition of the lava, what crystals what elements are present. they're measuring the gases that are being emitted, they're measuring how much the ground flexes from the infusion of magma underneath out on to the eruption at the surface. so, there's tons of data that we're collecting right now, and scientists at the united states geological survey and their colleagues around the world are going to be analyzing that to tell us is their precursor signs that we can look for interruptions like this. are there lessons we can learn for future eruptions that are going to save lives? >> of course, you've got these dueling volcanoes happening right now, -- and -- i understand it's still safe, the governor of hawaii saying

it is safe to visit, but of course, there is the distinction between members of the scientific community who are studying this and those who are trying to get a peek at what's happening. is there a study of the impact of the air quality to? the lava is one thing, but we're seeing smoke and obviously volcanic ash in the air. >> actually, i have to correct something right there. it's not actually smoke, it's volcanic gases, which are acid gases, you don't want to bury them in. we're talking hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon doc side. these are all gases that are really not fun for average folks to breathe in, let alone, if you have any sort of respiratory issue. so, the hawaiian civil defense authority in the u.s. geological survey will closely monitor the -- volcanic smog that the eruption produces, and they will let any communities affected know well in advance of people with respiratory issues should stay inside. but we're pretty lucky because right now, it disperses pretty

well. in the civilians in the area have a pretty good handle on dealing with volcanic smog, because the neighboring volcano has been erupting since the 80s. so people are used to it in hawaii, which is a good thing. >> wow, l.a. has smog, all stay away from the volcanic smog. what we're talking about right now, the idea of what things are happening, it is such a sight to see. just the power of our earth and all that it contains. thank you so much for your insight, helping to illuminate these issues. i appreciate it. >> thanks so much for happy having me, and keep your eye on that eruption, because this spectacular. >> i mean, from this distance? for me? it is. >> yeah, leave it to the volcanologists. >> jess, i will leave it to you and you're the perfect person to tell us about it. we'll learn a great deal. thank you. >> thank you. >> well, look, from volcanoes to the eruption of crowds cheering for what will be the next big world cup game, it's happening on saturday at 10 am,

and really the burning question, see what i did there? is what are the chances of winning? we'll discuss, next.

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think about this. look, everyone is looking forward to saturday. it's such an exciting matchup. a lot of focus, of course, on the politics of the matchup between the u.s. and iran. but looking ahead to saturday, i mean, netherlands is no droop right? they are the favorite here. >> they are definitely, they are the powerhouse. ranked eighth in the world, this is an excellent team. when we think of soccer, men's soccer, you think of the european dominance or brazil. the netherlands is right there. for sure, and this will not be easy. not the other ones have been easy. but it's just it gets harder, exponentially harder, this is the round of 16. it's the knockout phase two. so there's no wiggle room. you win, you move on, you lose, you go home. you did good extra time and they do go to penalties if they have to. because there has to be a result. >> no more draws here. no, no more 00, which i'm sure everyone in america's going yay, no more 00. >> we just had -- she was known for the shoot out. that got the women's team the

win. just thinking about that. but now we'll have that exciting aspect of it. not to be dismissive of the team, their extraordinary, the u.s. men's national team, but they were kind of the little engine that could to people, they weren't thought of as being able to be in this position quite yet. talk about the extraordinary nature of them now. >> it's the second youngest team at the world cup. pulisic, we're talking about him, so important he can play. you see, he's 24. there is guys younger than him on that team. and i think, you know, we always love the new thing. whether it's the new gadget, a new toy, a new book a new star. an actress or an actor. this team is that. it's a young team, they're fresh faces, the way they've answered questions, the issues. i think they've made us so proud as a nation. and so, it's easy to cheer for them. and they're also, of course, you talked with them before, the guys that gave up some of their money so that the women could have equal pay.

name another group of people that would just willingly give money away so that the greater good could be served? that's what these young men have done. >> you do not see that level of altruism on the world stage like this. and you're right about the issues. there has been a lot of conversation this moment you saw where the athletes from the u.s., were canceling the iranian players and thinking about what was at stake. because for a lot of these players, from iran, a lot of these teams combined they'll give us the vision of sportsmanship. and we are looking at these photos, christine, and you know, it's more than just about the loss of the match. what is on the shoulders of these iranian players as well, i think was recognized by these u.s. players. >> these are smart, young athletes and young human beings. and they care. to see them hugging, and it wasn't just oh, sorry you lost. because the americans know that the iranians are going to go home, at least some of them some of them go back to their clubs, but they will go home

and their families are also a concern. and they may face punishment and consequences because they didn't sing their anthem, the first time. and in fact, i know i saw at least one player who did not sing it. in the third match against the u.s.. and they've been warned, they've been threatened by the government. >> their families threatened as well. >> without a doubt. even if they are not there, it's their families. it's the american players realize that. they've been empathetic, laura, they've been kind. they realize that, yes, they won, but what these iranian players are gonna go home to and their families are going to deal with is something far beyond winning and losing on a soccer field. >> that to me is the power of sports, and that imagery, we can teach our children about this, we could teach ourselves more about this. maybe we can get a little bit of that empathy and understanding, right here on capitol hill. who knows. >> that's a good idea. go for it. good luck. >> good luck, and good luck of course to the players this coming saturday will all be watching. and from the world cup to the

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a group of students now suing yale university and its governing body, alleging that yale discriminated against students with mental health disability. even allegedly forcing those with severe mental health disability symptoms to withdraw from the school. cnn's miguel marquez has the story. >> the claim, in a new lawsuit seeking class action status, yale university discriminated against students with mental health disability. alleging that yields withdrawal policies and practices pushed

students with mental health disability out of yale, and if they try to get back in, they face unreasonable burdens. the lawsuit coming shortly after a washington post investigation relying on interviews of more than 25 current and former yale students. one student telling the post, she suffered a sexual assault, eventually attempting suicide. then feeling forced to withdraw from the university. another account in the washington post, a 20-year-old math major, who had already withdrawn once, posted on facebook, dear yale, i loved being here. i only wish i could've had some time. i needed time to work things out into wait for new medication to kick in. but i couldn't do it in school, and i couldn't bear the thought of having to leave for a full year. or of leaving and never being readmitted. her fear so great of not being allowed in a second time, she died by suicide in 2015. yale says it made some changes to its policies, but those bringing the lawsuit say, it's

not enough. in a statement yale said, our primary focus is on student safety and health. especially when they're most vulnerable. we have taken steps in recent years to simplify the return to yale for students on medical withdrawals and to provide additional support for students. the university is confident that our policies comply with all applicable laws and regulations, unless we have been working on policy changes that have been responsive to students emotional and financial well-being. -- who wrote a paper on mental health an ivy league for the roman family foundation, which is cited in the lawsuit, says yale is not alone when it comes to failing to accommodate students with mental health disability. >> prior to covid, experts have labeled what's happening on college campuses as a mental health crisis. national data has shown that as many as 40% of undergraduates, with any given year, have felt so depressed within that year that it's difficult for them to

function. and colleges in general, across the country, are -- lack the basic infrastructure to support students mental health. >> the problem widespread, a washington post analysis of data from the healthy minds network indicated nationwide student rates of depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts more than doubled between 2013 and 2021. in 2021 report from penn state center for collegiate mental health, found that funding isn't keeping pace with demand for mental health services, with the yearly average caseload for a college counselor is about 90 students, with some centers reporting an average of about 300 students per councillor. this issue has now caught the attention of congress as well as senator -- has sent a letter to the department of education in the department of justice, asking them to issue guidance and policy reforms to protect access to higher education for students and to strengthen

nondiscrimination protections for students who may need medical leave. this was a massive issue before the covid-19 pandemic, that only made it worse. laura? >> miguel marquez, thank you so much. now, i want to bring in monica porter an attorney for the -- center for mental health law, and -- a yale alumnus and a plaintiffs in this lawsuit. when we hear about what's going on, just hearing the discussion from mcgill, how heart-wrenching it is to think about the choices that students have had to make. and you withdrew in 2018 after a mental health crisis. you did describe the trouble of being allowed to return. you eventually did graduate. talk to me about what your personal experience was like in grappling with the policies they use a yale had? >> absolutely.

thank you so much for asking. it's really amazing to be able to share this experience that's been so difficult for me, and so many others over decades. when i was dealing with my mental health crisis, i felt like yale was presenting me with a stark binary choice. i could either continue with a full-time schedule at yale, and all the challenges that would come with, or i would have to commit to an extended absence in which i would have to give up university health insurance, on campus housing and every minute near of institutional some support that i had. that choice made things so difficult. and what i did understand at the time is, i had a federally protected right to have more options on the table. reasonable accommodations, are critical to the way that mental health practices are properly achieved on campus. >> looking at this now, do you

have any idea as to why you thought at the time compared to know, that you believe yell was making these challenging or having these hurdles in place? >> there are a number of different reasons, i think that yale tends to wash its hands off of cases of mental illness that are too severe, because they don't want to be associated with that student. they want the student to deal with their issues anywhere, except yells campus. and in some instances, taking time off is a healthy decision. in other cases, it separates students from their primary support. it really has to be more case by case evaluation of what's best for the student. rather than a one size fits all approach, if you're really struggling need to get out. >> monica, just think about the choices and for a lot of people they might not realize that there is some right to having a

menu of options in terms of how to have that support system, how it's structured and what you are entitled to or not on a college campus in a private institution. you in the lawsuit focus on yale's, quote, withdrawal policies, you say. and practices that push students with mental health disability out of yale. talk to me about what students are up against, and again, this is an issue, obviously, focused in this lawsuit on yale. but we cannot think of this in a vacuum. the issues that are being presented are likely far more universal, which is very scary, and a lot of campuses. >> that's absolutely right. as we said earlier, this is part of a national issue. one in five american adults experience mental health disability and suicide is a leading cause of death. among college students. at the center, we receive calls from students and parents all over the country. we've been doing research and collecting data on campus

mental health issues nationwide, and using that to inform the policy change that we advocate for on a national level. we have found yell to be a particularly agree just example. there are a lot of tricky facets to this issue. but as -- said, it can't be a blanket policy. it needs to be addressing each student case individually, and exploring all reasonable accommodations as per federal law before resulting to something like exclusion. >> so, is the goal of a lawsuit, obviously, a lot of litigation takes place behind closed doors, people are often incentivized to be a little bit quiet and hushed about things, you have nondisclosures and the like come into play, is the goal of this litigation to be able to have and effectuate and implement more of a widespread approach that other universities could use as a blueprint? >> certainly. this case is seeking to have

status as a class action. so that we can represent all yale students with mental health disability, who have been harmed or who do fear the potential to be harmed by these policies in the future. and what we're seeking here, and why it is so brave of -- and other students current and former to be participating in this lawsuit, is that no one is seeking any sort of monetary gain. purely this lawsuit is seeking systemic policy change, to make improvements for all yell students moving forward. certainly our hope is that we can engage with experts and create yale -- help yelled to be what can be an example for schools nationwide. >> your bravery requires the last word, what is your message to students, we're looking at you right now and hopeful? >> yeah, i want students to

know that we care about them. and we are taking these actions in the court of law out of sincere loyalty and love for the community. we want students to know that there is a possibility of light at the end of the tunnel, graduating and being able to support others. >> both of you, thank you so much. monica poured i appreciate your time. >> thank you. >> when we come back, a new study that could change your work life. turns out, a four day work week is not only good for workers, turns out, it might be good for businesses to. is it in your future? is it in your future? subaru retailers have supported over seventeen hundred hometown charities. (phil) have i witnessed and seeeen the impact of what we do? you bet i have. (kathryn) we have worked with so many amazing causes and made a difference. (vo) by the end of this year, subaru and our retailers will have donated over two hundred and fifty million

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and get paid the same amount. well, do have some good news for you. a study of companies that tried out a four day week work found that workers were more productive, and even happier. and it seem to have worked for their bosses to. none, and by the way that 0% of the employers who wanted to go back to a five-day work week, shocker, and they made more money. back with me, bob -- ashley allison and michael -- . first of all, the data, i feel the captain obvious when i say this. apparently, 97% of the 495 employees who responded said they don't want to go back to a five-day work week. first of all, who is this 3%? i want to know who it is, get them on the table right now. really? you are the people who put fish in the microwave during the day. >> the bosses. >> the boss. you're a boss, your editor in chief of the hill. is this practical in a news

room to have a four day work week? i'm asking for a friend. >> you know, for news, i don't think so. i think this data is kind of interesting. study after study, this is a lot of momentum. is it gonna happen tomorrow? no. but if the employers are getting on board, that's a significant thing. i think it would vary from industry to industry. congress works three days a week, -- >> do they? >> maybe two and a half. >> three whole days? >> it doesn't work for congress. >> i do wonder, would this even be possible kind of a paradigm shift, and maybe the pandemic and the idea of working from home and more relaxed approach people have had. people have work life balance and your home a lot of the time. could that have happened this survey and this result before then as acceptable to the employers? >> you know, the federal government used to do a flex work schedule where some people would every whether we can get to work for days a week. i think the pandemic was a wake up call to say, we don't have

to go back to and we should ree. a lot of employers did wellness fridays to make sure people could take time, just for themselves, to feel better. it was a very stressful time. i'm fully supportive of four day work weeks because the reality is, it's not that you're making more money doing less work. it's that you become actually more productive in those four days. and you can still make the same amount of money. as long as your work product staves the same, and you are sufficient and get things done. i think it's fine. hey, let's do three days. >> let's be like congress. >> look, why stop at three. twos fine. i'm joking, but again, i think about that. i remember when i became a mom, i had to be very honed in on the amount of time i was going to have. i was allowed to be taking. you had this idea of the different balls are juggling and then you realize in your life, some are actually rubber and you can let him drop,

others are glass and if those drop that's it. the four day work week might work best for that. i wasn't a law enforcement officer. i wasn't a police officer. does this work, do you think, in that realm? i wonder, frankly, is it better to have that reprieve in the work you did? >> so, when i was a metropolitan police fought officer, we dabbled in the four day work week within the patrol units. it's just not feasible in a lot of the specialized units. i work in narcotics, i mean, i was lucky to get a five-day work week if not a six or seven-day work week. when the case was hot, you work the case. and your schedule was dictated around what it was you are working on at that time. that being said, for the uniform patrol officers, who work some of the most high stress, in the most high stress environment within policing, it made a huge difference for them to be able to have a three-day reprieve from work.

regardless of whether it happen to be, you know, overlap with the weekend or non traditional middle of the week day off. those officers you would have to pry them away from those days off. unfortunately, with officer shortage in man power issues that we've been facing, it just has not been logistically feasible to maintain that schedule. >> the one thing also, it will probably only apply to people who do 95 jobs, hourly wage workers won't be able to get the benefit, because they are not on a salary. i think if you want to do it in a more equitable way you would want to make sure that everybody can have the benefit of having a four day work week and not just people who are at a certain stature in their career that have salaries and work 95 jobs. >> bob, i'll give you the last word. >> i think it's gonna be an issue for campaigns going forward. i think some politicians, we haven't seen it yet, but i think people, based upon this

data, they're gonna say, hey, we are more productive when we have. it's more friendly friendly. it's gonna be something, maybe in 2024, maybe 2028. i think it'll be an issue. >> certainly an issue right now in terms of the potential real strike, the idea of days off, the idea of essential workers. it's looming in the background. everyone, great conversation. and how to percent of us said, why not. for days, that's good. temporary watch on the show, also back. thanks for watching everyone, our coverage continues. our coverage continues. wondering what actually goes into your multi-vitamin? at new chapter its innovation organic ingredients and fermentation. fermentation? yes, formulated to help your body reallyruly absorb the natural goodness. new chapter. wellness we done at adp, we understand business today looks nothing like it did yesterday. while it's more unpredictable, its possibilities are endless.

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