question, on the republican side. >> it's going to be ugly on the democratic side too, depending on what happens here. >> we'll see about that. always back to the documents, david. thank you all so much for joining me this morning. and thank you for spending your sunday morning with us. the news continue right now. this is "gps," the global public square. welcome to all of you in the united states and ampld the world. i'm fareed zakaria coming to you from davos, switzerland. today on the program, ukraine's president, volodymyr zelenskyy. his nation's wife was part of practically every discussion in davos this week. and i had a conversation with the man himself about the state of war and the potential for peace.

we'll also bring you my conversations with other world leaders at davos. first, sanna marin, the prime minister of finland. her nation shares an 830-mile long border with russia, and is waiting to be granted nato membership. then, kyriakos mitsotakis, the prime minister of greece. a nation once seen as the sixth man of europe. the current state of greece's economy may well surprise you. but first, here's my take. davos was back with a bang. after a skinny spring version of the event last may, this rweek, the conference was packed with attendees trying to learn more about the world in 2023. it's not a bad place to try. davos is the only truly global conference that i've attended.

in one day, you can meet with chinese officials, american ceos, ukrainian human rights activists and middle eastern entrepreneurs. in fact, i did. every year, some country or trend is surrounded by buzz. this year there were three. the gulf states, india, and artificial intelligence. saudi arabia and the emirates, flush with oil wealth, were showcasing their formidable ambitions. india, which might be the most optimistic country in the world right now, had many of its states competing for one another for attention and investment. and a.i. was the futuristic topic that almost no one really understands, but everyone was discussing. but despite these pockets of energy, mostly it was gloom and doom. many see a long, hard costly slog in ukraine.

on the economy, microsoft and goldman sachs have announced layoffs. in the west, people worry about inflation, and many developing coun countries, they are bracing for debt crises. but despite a series of severe shocks, covid, the russia/ukraine war, global energy and food crises, inflation, the west and its allies from australia to singapore are stepping up, cooperating, and forging a new way forward. the united states is in remarkably good shape. the federal reserve appears to be on the right track in tackling inflation. it's possible that the u.s. could avoid a recession all together, or have one that is short and shallow. biden has signed perhaps the largest long-term investments in the american economy since the era of linden johnson 50 years

ago. american technology firms continue to break ground in every field from a.i. to rna drugs. most people at davos were pessimistic. but what's striking is facing enormous challenges, the first full-blown geopolitical crisis on its doorsteps in decades, the worst energy crisis ever, it came together and stayed together. as was pointed out, consider europe's achievements. despite the costs of war, high energy prices and the burden of ukrainian refugees, europe has remained strongly united on ukraine. it is weaning itself off of russian energy much faster than anyone predicted. the european central bank, like the fed, is managing inflation reasonably well. populists in europe have not been able to seize the agenda. if anything, they have had to

trim their sails. the one european country that is foundering is britain. but in a way that actually highlights the cost of brexit and the virtues of european unity and cooperation. meanwhile, the greatest rogue state in the world, russia, is facing a terrible future, largely isolated. it is struggling to sell its natural gas, roughly three quarters of which used to go to europe, and finds itself caught off from the modern technology it needs to modernize its economy and war machine. even china signalled a greater distance between itself and russia in recent weeks. there are lots of problems out there, from ukraine's future to inflation to climate change. but the big story is the unity and resolve of the democratic world. that unity is much stronger than at any point during the cold war, when major schisms between europe and the united states were common place. we have wondered for a while

what would happen across the globe as america's role as sole super power ebbed and it lost the capacity or will to be the world's policeman. many predicted we would see a return to anarchy or a law of the jungle which authoritarian states would ensure that might makes right. but there are encouraging signs that what we are actually witnessing is a new kind of order, built on the unity and cooperation of the world's free nations. it its early days, coalitions of the free are always messy and contentious. their unity will have to stand. the cooperation will have to grow. but it is possible that we will look back and see that the age of american leadership was slowly replaced by one of democratic leadership. go to cnn.com/fareed for a link to my washington post column this week. and let us get started.

♪ ♪ the manage who was the talk of day slow was alas not able to be here. president volodymyr zelenskyy and his ukrainian countrymen and women were on everyone's mind, even more so after the tragic helicopter crash on wednesday that left more than a dozen dead, including the nation's interior minister. here in europe, the threat of war is more palpable, more real. after all, ukraine is only about 600 miles from where i stand. everybody wanted to know what was happening in the war, and whether peace was likely in 2023. i got the chance to ask him in two different conversations, both at davos. mr. president, let me expend my condolences and i think everybody in this audience's condolences for the terrible

tragedy that took place in ukraine. in november and december, the world watched with amazement as ukrainian forces liberated one town and city after another. it seems now as though the war has moved into something that looks more like a stalemate. can you tell us what the war looks like to you on the frontlines right now? >> translator: thank you for the question. you know, fareed, thank you for your condolences by the way. i think the war doesn't look -- it has not been good since the beginning and really wintertime, it slows down. everyone gets tired, the people,

and the enemy, too. how it looks, it looks as follows -- daily in the east of the country, we are standing strongly, resolute ly. it is important to know that we are strong, not just in the east of the country, but we are also strong inside the nation, inside our state. we are united, we are modernized, we are motivated. it was not us who started the war, but it is us who will have to end it, end it on our end, ending the occupation.

the south, the north parts of our nation, progress has slowed down a bit. it is not just about us inside the country, we need to have the whole world united. because of that, we truly need to continue that support of ukraine. >> mr. president, the accident, the helicopter crash we think was an accident, we hope it was an accident. but it did raise in my mind, and of course, it must have raised in your mind the question of your own safety. do you feel that there are still ongoing active threats that are

increasing? do you worry about your own security every day? >> translator: no, i'm not worried about that. just to add, with your permission, you said "accident." i would like to tell you that because of the war experience that i have now -- society has now -- this is not an accident, because it has been in war. there are no accidents in wartime. these are all war results, absolutely. although missiles are striking our cities, our kids are being killed in kindergartens and schools, every death is a result of the war.

>> here is more from my other conversation with president zelenskyy this week. mr. president, it seems to me that vladamir putin has decided that since he cannot defeat the ukrainian army, he's going to try to break the ukrainian nation. he's settling in for the long haul, and he's essentially destroying cities, civilian areas, targeting power stations. what do you need, what does ukraine need to respond to that kind of warfare? >> translator: we have to protect our weaknesses, together, we have to protect where the enemy is hitting. air defense system is our weakness compared to other countries. maybe this is not a weakness comparatively, but the iranian

drones are hitting us. now russia is getting ready to use another package. i don't know how many days or weeks or months they want to prolong this, but we can fight this back, absolutely. we know how much it will take to do it. we know and our partners know the energy infrastructure of our country and all the places where russia can hit to get the blackout they're looking forward to. and this is one of the main things when we're talking about energy infrastructure, because this is linked to water, to electricity, to other utilities. the livelihoods of our cities depend on this, and we have to make sure that people stay in the cities, because this is about jobs, about taxes. we have to protect them econeconomic ly to make sure the business is

operating. and we need this financial cushion. we have to move forward in the battlefield, as well. and for that, we need a specific type of equipment, artillery systems, and we have to provide for the shells that we lack right now. we are not inventing some kind of deficit which doesn't exist. we are not urging to do something. this is not the covid-19 beginning, when everyone was looking for the vaccine. the vaccine against russian tyranny, against their weapons is available. there is a list of countries who have it. there is a specific list of what our needs are. if you want to help, do so without -- just help us. >> president zelenskyy, there are people who say when will negotiations for peace begin?

what do you say to those people? >> translator: this is not the cinema where you are waiting for a film to start. this is a big tragedy, and i don't really understand right now today to talk to, who is the cycle of people making these decisions? i don't have that information now. i can't understand how you can promise your peep leaders one thing, and then the next day an invasion. i don't understand clearly who are we dealing with here? so when we are talking about peaceful negotiations, i don't understand with whom? it's like us talking to you now. i know, fareed, who you are, and you know who i am. so there are witnesses who know us, and at least we respect each other and we can talk to each other. and we know and we can for sure achieve things, even if we have

different views of certain things. we can still reach the consensus, because i know sitting in front of me, and i respect that person. we don't have this in the case of these negotiations. i think russia has to first find someone, and then propose something. >> thanks to president zelenskyy for his time. next on "gps," i moderated a panel with some of the most influential officials in davos. among them, the head of nato and the american director of national intelligence. i'll bring you excerpts when we come back. not part of it but the whole upstairs the whole downstairs the whole fridge and the wholole secret nap room because is it really a vacation home if you have to share a house with a host? ♪

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i brought in ensure max protein with 30 grams of protein. those who tried me felt more energy in just two weeks. uhhhh... here, i'll take that. [woo hoo!] ensure max protein, with 30 grams of protein, one gram of sugar and nutrients for immune health. - [announcer] do you have an invention idea but don't know what to do next? call invent help today. they can help you get started with your idea. call now 800-710-0020. i moderated a panel this week, packed with heavy hittering. avril haines, the u.s. director of national intelligence. the secretary-general of nato, jens stoltenberg, president andrzej duda, and the deputy

prime ministers of ukraine and canada, yuliia svyrydenko and chrystia freeland. i wanted to know where the war is now and where it's headed. >> the way we would say it's not a stalemate, but a grinding conflict at this stage, where, quite literally, we're talking about hundreds of meters being fought over in the context of the frontlines. but i think from our perspective, both militaries obviously have challenges. it will be extremely important for ukraine to receive essentially military assistance and economic assistance moving forward in order for them to continue to manage what they have been heroically doing, and on the russian side, we see also significant challenges, am missions, supplies, morale,

exhaustion, dysfunction in the leadership, things that are making it more difficult for the russian military, as well. >> president duda, it is striking to me how strong the west has been and other parts of the world, as well, in supporting ukraine. do you think that the response is strong enough, and more importantly, what everybody worries about, will it stay strong? >> this assistance sent to ukraine is still not enough. ukraine needs more of our efforts, needs more our aid, and we should mobilize ourself to help them, because the situation is really difficult. and i'm afraid now sit and will

be in a few maybe months, maybe weeks, a crucial moment. the next crucial moments of this war. and this moment will answer for the question, will ukraine survive or not? >> chrystia, do you worry about the staying power of the west? >> umm, so the short answer is, of course. it would be stupid and naive not to. but i think we're going to do it, and i think, you know, of course i worry. i'm ultimately extremely confident. and i'm extremely confident first and foremost because of the magnificent, magnificent job ukraine is doing. and as president zelenskyy very

crucially pointed out, supplying ukraine with the money it needs to win the war is ultimately in our own self-interest. so i'm a finance minister, and if you were to say to me, what is the one thing that g7 finance ministers, g7 governments this year could do that's actually in our power? we don't control covid. we don't control global supply chains. we don't control whether there will be emaculate disinflation or not. one thing where we have some real practical levers is, we can help ukraine win clearly, definitively. and if we do that, if that happens this year, you know as well as i do, fareed, that would be a huge boost to the global economy. >> mr. secretary-general, you heard the president of ukraine

saying he would like to be a member of nato. would you let him in? >> nato's position remains unchanged, that is the ukraine will become a member of nato. then, of course, the main focus now is to support ukraine to ensure that ukraine wins the war and prevads as a sovereign, independent nation in europe. it is extremely important that president putin doesn't win this war. partly because it would be a tragedy for ukrainians. but it would be very dangerous for all of us, because then the message not only to putin, but when they use brutal force, when they violate international law, they achieve what they want. and that would be a very bad and dangerous lesson. it will make the world more dangerous and more vulnerable. that's why if we want a negotiated peace in krooin, we

need to provide military support to ukraine. that's the only way. weapons, they are the way to peace. and that may sound like a paradox, but the only way to have a negotiated agreement is to convince president putin he will not win on the battlefield, he has to sit down and negotiate. nobody knows how this war will end. most likely it will end around the negotiating table. what we do know is that what happens around that negotiating table is totally dependant on the strength of the battlefield. and if we want ukraine to prevail, they need the military strength. next on "gps," my interview with sanna marin, the prime minister of finland, a nation that shares an 800 plus mile with russia. her take on the war when we come back. it's a learning opportunit. come on in. [ chuckles ] the more, the merrier. pariris, huh? bonjouour! we got any out-of-towners in the elevator?

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in november 1939, the soviet union invaded finland with tanks and planes, and about 1 million troops. the finns were a fightly foe for the soviets but were outnumbered and signed a peace treaty after 3 1/2 months of war. it's a history that still resonates with the finnish people. that history and the russian attack on ukraine prompted he will -- finland to apply for nato membership. sanna marin, pleasure to have you on. >> thank you so much for having me. >> tell me what the world looks like to you right now. you came in as prime minister in a very different environment. you did not imagine russia would

wage war with ukraine. you were not somebody who was in particularly in favor of finland becoming a part of nato. but this has become the defining aspect of your prime ministership. where are you in this journey? >> well, i was in davos three years ago. i think not maybe the same date, but three years ago i was in davos, and then everything was new. i was just appointed as the prime minister, and we didn't know what is heading toward us, and then the pandemic came to the world and we all saw the consequences. after that, the war in europe, and now europe is in the middle of an emergency crisis because of putin's war in ukraine. the world is a different place than it was three years ago. and right now, the war is not only a concern in ukraine but the whole world. the rule-based order is being

channeled more and more. authoritarian regimes are taking more stance in the world and the democratic values are challenged. and this is the new reality. the geopolitical reality that we are in, and we have to face that. >> so when finland and sweden applied for nato membership, it seemed as though it was going to happen very, very quickly. but there has been an obstacle, two nations in particular, let's talk about turkey. do you think turkey's objections to finland's membership are going to be overcome? >> well, i think that process should have been faster. finland and sweden, we both check all the boxes when it comes to nato. we are fully prepared to become nato members, and there shouldn't be any obstacles on the way. of course, we are still waiting for two countries to ratify, hungary have said they will

ratify as soon as their parliamentarian period will start, hopefully very soon. turkey, that's another matter. and we have discussed in nato's member summit about the steps we will take, and we have been taking those steps. and now we are waiting for turkey to ratify. i don't see that there should be any problems, and i have talked to president erdogan, and he has said what he has said also in public, that finland isn't -- that there isn't that big of issues with finland. maybe some with sweden, but for our perspective, it's very important that finland and sweden are going into nato together, because we are sharing the same security environment. >> when you look at europe's economic future, the consensus in davos is that europe is going to enter a recession. do you agree?

>> that's a possibility. actually, it looks likely that europe will face some kind of recession. and we can, of course, affect as countries what kind of recession will that be. hopefully, a very short one. hopefully we will go ahead quite fastly. i think right now, it's also very important to invest in the future, also to new technologies, research and development, and knowledge and know how, education of our citizens. because we have to learn from the war not only concerning energy, but also other fields and about their huge crisis we have faced during the past three years. first, the pandemic showed us that we are too dependent on certain markets when it comes to medicine and medical supplies. then the war in russia, that war

in ukraine, and the russian energy showed us, we are too dependant on energy. we are also, and we have to make sure that we are not that dependant on food or clean water. and defense material. we have to make sure that we can produce the defense material that we need. but not only this, i think the one thing that we are not discussing enough is new technologies. new technologies and the knowledge that we will need, because the future crisis, the future wars, the future conflicts will be about new technologies. which are all raising that in different parts of the world. we have to make sure that we are investing in these new technologies. we are partners. we need our democratic partners working together, because iffer dependant on authoritarian regimes when it comes to technologies, then our economying and societies will be

jeopardized. >> it's been a pleasure to have you. thank you. >> thank you so much. next on "gps," an unlikely story of success out of greece. how that nation went from the verge of economic collapse to a top economic winner, according to "the economist." i'll talk k to greece's prime minister when we come back. the pepperoni on panera's new toasted baguette. is sliced a little thicker. to hold more flavor. so when fresh mozzarella melts over it... that detail... will be big. try the netoasted baguettes from panera. one dollar delivery fee on our app. i've got moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. now, there's skyrizi. ♪things are getting clearer.♪ ♪i feel free to bare my skin yeah, that's all me♪ ♪nothing and me go hand in hand♪ ♪nothing on my skin♪ ♪that's my new plan♪

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♪ ♪ start your day with nature made. the #1 pharmacist recommended vitamin and supplement brand. ♪ in the last four years, greece turned the tide on its decades long economic crisis, voted out a populist leftist government, and escaped yet more devastation from the covid pandemic. indeed, today many consider it an economic success story. how did that happen? hear from the man who led the charge, greece's prime minister, kyriakos mitsotakis. prime minister, pleasure to have you on. >> thank you, fareed. >> so i wanted people to remember that greece was the country that everyone was

worried was going to bring europe down, bring the euro down. it was seen as a kind of sick man of europe. you're in a very different position now. "the economist" says you're one of the economic winners on their list. what happened? >> well, i think it is, indeed, a very interesting story of an economic transformation. we kimcame into power in july 2 and inherited a country and economy that was still traumatized, not just as a result of a financial crisis, but traumatized with our experiment with populism which prolonged the crisis four additional years. despite of the fact we had to deal with multiple crises, i think we have succeeded in turning the country around. and i compare it to three years ago when i was, again, at davos pitching my story at the beginning of my term. then i sensed interest, but also

skepticism. now, we have the facts to support the argument that we have, indeed, turned the corner. that greece is no longer the sick man of europe, and we are leading europe on numerous fronts when it comes to innovative, public policy. >> greece's growth rate now, i mean -- >> 5.6% for 2022. 8.4% in 2021. i expect growth closer to 2% in 2023, and we may surprise on the upside. but i think equally important, numbers of foreign investment, record years in '21 and 2022. we did that without compromising our fiscal sustainability priority. so if you look at gdp, we have had the fastest decline of gdp than any other european country, to the point where no one talks about it being an issue.

>> the green transition is quite impressive. what percent of greece's electricity is produced by renewable? >> close to 50%. today is sunny and windy back in greece, not too hot, not too cold, so we do have many requirements. and close to 90% of the electricity will be produced by renewables. there were days in october where, for hours, we produced 100% of our electricity from renewables. >> to me, what's interesting about the greek case, you have a pro market government, responsible on green issues, also on protecting the vulnerable. is there a model here for how to stave off populism? because i look at it, and it does seem even though biden's government is center left, there are similarities here.

>> i think it's not so much between the central right and central left, but those who believe in policy and pragmatism and those who promise the moon while at the same time undermining democratic institutions. in our case, you're right. i'm a center right politician, but many of the policies i've pursued could be labeled as rather progressive, and i would be making a case that the next phase of the greek growth cannot be funded by debt. but also needs to focus on innovation, the green transition, and needs to be fair. so what we have done, and i think we have done successfully, was to be sure all the support we have provided our citizens and businesses is always being tested. so we resist the temptation to cut excise taxes, but we do recycle windfall profits from

our profits. so we take 600 million and recycle them into a voucher to help vulnerable households. so there is a template, yes, for a progressive approach, whether you label it, you know, in our case it comes from the center right, because we passionately believe in the power of innovation, and the strength of the private economy. but the oright versus left is n longer relevant. progr >> you have been a successful businessmen and now a successful politician. which was harder? >> there's no comparison. politics is extremely complicated. especially in times of crisis. we had to go through very sort

of difficult challenges, you know, because if you -- in our case, we also had migration, so we had to halt the whole package. but at the same time, it's a tremendously rewarding job, when you see real results and at the end of the day when you look back at your record, when you make your case to the people to be re-elected, if you feel good with yourself about the fact that you have tried very hard, you have given it your best, you acknowledge your mistakes, you sleep well at night, and that's very important when you have to run a campaign. >> prime minister, pleasure to have you. >> thank you, fareed. thank you very much. next on "gps," i'll take you to a little piece of ukraine in davos. a powerful exhibit that could change the way you see this war. so betty can be the... barcode beat conductor. ♪ gogo betty!

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and now for the last look. you might think there could be no place more remote from war-torn ukraine than the rarified davos. but i want to highlight one notable effort to bridge that gap. the victor pincher foundation teamed up with the office of the president of ukraine, to put on a series of moving exhibits and lectures at ukraine house here in davos, that highlights the human toll of the war. the project is called, ukraine is you. the artistic director of the arts center in kyiv told us that the title is a plea to the global community to support the country, materially and otherwise. the power of the plea is achieved through its organizer's refusal to look away from the horrors of the war. i want to warn you that some of the images you are about to see are graphic.

this is a photo feature in the the exhibit of a man morning in the body of a woman hit during shelling in kharkiv in july. the blue of his shirt and the yellow of his dress, he says, are like a dismembered ukrainian flag. some of the exhibit is dedicated to stories we know, like the alleged war crimes in bucha. but much of it would be unfamiliar to viewers. for example, you may have seen sweeping images of the damage to apartment complexes in cities like mariupol. but have you seen a neighborhood in kharkiv? before the shelling began in february, it housed about 500,000 people. now, a tiny fraction of them live here. a resident told the bbc it's like chernobyl. you may have heard of ukrainians in captivity, in makeshift

russian prisons, inside occupied territory. but it's another experience all together, to see what looks like blood on the walls of this detention center in kherson. here, occupants reported being beaten and interrogated. they were forced to memorize the russian national anthem and russian poetry that was written all the walls. and they were forced to recite them on command. ukraine has used more than just a plea for a certain kind of tank or missile defense system. it's an effort to document and therefore to remember. and it brought to mind a conversation i had earlier this week with a very inspiring woman, the ukrainian human rights lawyer who, last year, accepted the nobel peace prize on behalf of her organization, the center for civil liberties. it's a group that's been working to shore up democracy in ukraine

for the past 15 years. since russia invaded crimea in 2014, she's interviewed hundreds of survivors and documented russian violence. she's heard accounts of rape, torture and people being compelled by their captors to write with their own blood. despite all she's seen and heard and despite the invasion, she's not without optimism for the future. >> i want to be able to say to our generation, to the next generation, nothing works even when a human rights lawyer like me when i asked what ukraine needs, provide ukraine with weapons. we hold russian war criminals accountable, because rule of law is essential. and justice is forceable.

>> bearing witness and bringing justice, all in the midst of this terrible war. thanks as always from the world economic forum for the opportunity to moderate the conversations you heard today. and finally, thank you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week.

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♪ ♪ hello, everyone. thank you for joining me this sunday. i'm fredricka whitfield. we begin this morning with breaking news of a mass shooting in california. where, at anmo