(dock worker) right on time. (vo) robots can predict breakdowns and order their own replacement parts. (foreman) nice work. (vo) and retailers can get ahead of the fashion trend of the day with a new line tomorrow. with a verizon private 5g network, you can get more agility and security. giving you more control of your business. we call this enterprise intelligence. from the network america relies on. okay everyone, our mission is complete balanced nutrition. together we support immune function. supply fuel for immune cells and sustain tissue health. ensure with twenty-five vitamins and minerals, and ensure complete with thirty grams of protein. good morning, everyone. we begin with breaking news this morning. president biden makes a surprise visit to ukraine. i'm poppy harlow in new york. kaitlan collins is live in

warsaw, poland, where the president will be shortly. here's what we know. a very significant moment in the world stage. president biden met with ukrainian president zelenskyy during this unannounced trip. it comes just days before the one year mark of russia's brutal invasion of ukraine. this moment is highly significant. biden sending a strong message of support to ukrainians as air raid sirens were sounding across the town, indicating the risk on this trip. both leaders spoke about the weight of this historic moment. >> president biden, it is so important for us and all we are proud of it. thank you very much for coming, mr. president. >> it's good to be back in kyiv.

i was telling the president, staff members on the flight from washington and poland and asked me how many times i've been to kyiv. i had to stop and think. this is my eighth trip. much has changed. much of it bad. but also, we have stepped up in a way that few people ever have in their own defense. and i have -- this breaks the notion of democracy and no longer discussion is about whether or not certain people have control. >> we have krn coverage from all fronts this morning. we have phil mattingly in warsaw and we are in kyiv and kylie at wood is at the state department. this is a historic visit by

prooub. it is his eighth visit to ukraine. his first though since russia invaded. it's a visit he said he wanted to make since 11 months ago. but now, of course, president biden has finally made it. what could you see from your vantage point? >> we're now near the square where president biden was. he was inside st. michael's church just behind me. you could hear the air raid sirens start whaling. there were people wondering if he was going to come out of the church. they came out of the church. they met up with two soldiers carrying wreaths. and then they proceeded to kind of march over to this area where you can see several wreaths. you can also see a lot of television cameras. of course, this is a huge news

story here i n ukraine. this is the u.s. wreath and then the sirens stop whaling and president biden got in his motorcade. it was a huge motorcade. this entire area was completely blocked off to traffic. the streets were empty. our live shot position is up on the balcony of the hotel behind me. and we had multiple visits from soldiers who told us under no circumstances were we to go out on the balcony. they told us to stand back further from the windows. so there was a lot of security that went into this. this is a trip that many people have been waiting a long time for. and as you heard from president

zelenskyy, talking about how meaningful this is. we greatly appreciate it. >> yeah. and there is actual support they're sending as well. a remarkable moment. president biden and president zelenskyy were walking into that church behind you, air raid sirens were going off in kyiv as president biden was on the ground, right? >> and it's interesting. the expectation had fwbeen that with the president here, it would have been a quiet day. the russians knew he was here. they would do nothing likely like launching an attack on the president while he was hear. but when we heard the air raid sirens, you want to know what threat was reported. this case, it was mig activity over belaruse.

that is something we have on a daily basis. but it does take on pretty loaded significance when you have the president of the united states in a church in the center of town still miles away from the next border, next border being poland where we presume he is on his way to now. it was a definitely a tense moment. although, you didn't see that necessarily reflected on the ground. when we were watching the movements of people who were accompanying president biden and president zelenskyy were very fast. a lot of running. this whole part of the puzzle only took ten minutes. it was five minutes in the church. the air raids started whaling. five minutes here on the ground laying the wreath. and then very quickly president biden was gone again. >> yeah. and just a very small contingent. typically he travels with so many staffers with him.

but phil mattingly is live in warsaw where president biden is headed after this. it was supposed to be the first stop on the schedule, phil. of course, the white house had this secret trip they had been planning. we had not seen president biden since out in washington on saturday night. and then he reappeared in kyiv at 8:00 local. this morning, what do you know about the planning that went into this secret visit of president bidens? >> kaitlan, there are a lot of details still not yet public by design for security reasons. but we do know that top biden advisors talk about how best to symbolize this moment. they really were looking at the one-year anniversary, one-year commemoration of the russian invasion. they wanted to ensure they had maximum impact in terms of the president's efforts up to this point. not just from the u.s. support side, but the durability of the international coalition they put together because they knew there was no clear end game coming any time soon. that is why they saw this as

such a significant moment. in terms of the trip itself, as you noted, last time we saw the president was on saturday night. he was out to dinner with first lady. we did not see him again until the video you have been showing. what happened in between besides the white house putting out a public schedule that did not have this trip on it whatsoever was the actual trip going under way. at 4:00 a.m., 4:15 a.m. on sunday, air force one departed andrews air force base. there was no notice, reporters on the trip had to give devices to staff before they departed. the next time reporters were able to talk, the pool was able to give a time line was 8:00 a.m. is when they arrived in this area. by 8:30, he was in the palace to meet with president zelenskyy. first lady as well. he was joined by a small contingent of staffers, national security visor jake sullivan, the ambassador and the deputy ambassador as well for their meetings. again, important to note this wasn't just a symbolic photo, a

moment where pictures and cameras were there. they had a bilateral sitdown between the two presidents and top advisors to discuss the current state of play and also president zelenskyy saying they were discussing defense assistance of which the president and president zelenskyy and his team continue to ask for more and faster as u.s. officials are quite aware of at this point in time. but i think more importantly, as you look again, you know this has well as anybody, what the president said about the importance of this showing there is no doubt that there should nobody doubt about the u.s. support, durability of that support and support of the western alliance that it's been there since day one. i think was so critical. and then one last thing i would say, the president referencing the phone call he had with president zelenskyy on the night of the invasion. the a moment where even top administration officials and advisors weren't sure that president zelenskyy would be president that much longer. they sure that kyiv would be standing that much longer. not only is president zelenskyy still there and kyiv still standing, president biden was standing in kyiv with him.

kaitlan? >> yeah. what a difference a year makes. just remarkable to see and to reflect on that. phil mattingly, we'll check back in with you. one thing we were talking about earlier is i can't remember or don't are v. anhave any knowled u.s. president went into an active war zone where no u.s. forces are there on the ground. we saw presidents in the past go to the middle east, iraq, afghanistan. those are highly militarized visits. they would still leave in secrecy. but there were thousands of u.s. troops on the ground. this is president biden going to an active war zone where there is not a single u.s. soldier on the ground. it is just a remarkable moment. it does speak to the broader context of what we're seeing. also, the difficulty and actually getting president biden to kyiv. typically the president flies wherever he goes. he actually to take the train this time. just speaks to the level of difficul difficulty in getting a u.s. president into a war zone. >> i think it speaks to how critical this is not just for a

president as they said in the remarks, not just for ukraine, but for the world and for democracy around the world. sayer sarah, you spent a lot of time over the last year in ukraine even on the front lines. >> yeah. we were in odesa and kyiv. i think what you're seeing here is something that the troops themselves, we're not seeing the troops. but they are all getting this information. they're all on social media. trust me. they're haul getting this coming to them. it means a great deal to them who are fighting for their own country. but the support has been incredibly important. i learned that when i was there. the they would thank me and i would say i'm not doing anything. >> for covering it. >> they would thank me for reporting it and thank america through me. and so i'm not sure people understand the impact it makes to have a president go into a war zone in which u.s. troops not there but to show support. it is a huge day for ukraine and the rest of the world.

>> i was struck by the fact as we go to kylie atwood, the fact that he said -- sitting with president zelenskyy, my admiration for the people of ukraine. you have shown the support. you did this history making visit as kaitlan laid out, now what will the u.s. do? a lot of conversation over the weekend is about f-16s. you had mike mccaul who chairs the foreign relations. he said he is hopeful. he thinks momentum is building. this aid package and weapons package announced is more money and more weapons but more of the same. the question is what is next? >> that's right. we've seen mounting pressure to provide the fighter jets that ukraine has been asking for. it's also pressure that is now beginning to come from other nato countries. we heard from the polish prime minister and the polish president over the weekend saying that they would provide their kind of earlier era

fighter jets to ukraine if the united states did the same and provided a coalition of getting those jets to ukraine. so there is a lot of eyes on that particularly because the biden administration said in the past that they wouldn't provide certain weaponry and then they have shifted over time. i think it's important to note the backdrop here as well. president biden said very clearly there is significant agreement in washington, bipartisan agreement he's hinting at there. they're quite loud to be in support. said i'm here. i'm leading the united states. we have agreement in congress. by many republicans, even if there are some kind of membersst f of the fray that don't want to continue in ukraine. we're making a critical message that the united states is not

going to step away. we heard from president zelenskyy there saying that they were going to discuss how to win this war by the end of the year. that is significant. what it demonstrates is that president zelenskyy is saying if you give us everything we need, we think we can really get this job done and in a certain time frame which we really haven't heard from him in the recent year. >> yeah. that's a very great point. okay. we'll get back to you soon. thank you very much. >> we also have clarissa along with kylie and fphil. i'm curious from you, a lot of what we heard when i went in was regular every day people asking to tell my president to send help. you are still hearing that? are you going continue to help us? we need help? >> funny you should say that, sarah.

we were just chatting to a group of young students from a city in the northeast. they came here because today is actually a memorial day for those who were killed in the revolution. they were looking at the wreaths and how excited they were that the u.s. president had finally visited ukraine. but they did then quickly follow that up with we hope that the next step now will be fighter jets. we hope the next step now will be long range artillery. frankly what we're hearing from as recently as yesterday, the eu chief, the pressing short term need on the ground for ukrainian forces is ammunition. there is an absolute dearth of ammunition. ordinary people here, i think, this visit did mean a lot to them. it caused some chaos in the city because large parts of the center of town were completely shut down to traffic. there were huge traffic jams.

the metros were totally overwhelmed. people were trying to get to work. yet, all you hear on social media and talking to ukrainians and already so many people coming here and taking photographers and trying to capture the scene is that this was so important. that this comes at a moment where the fight has been so bitter and so grim in the east. where it has been cold with infrastructure being bombarded day in and day out. and to have that sort of vote of support from the u.s. with this major visit is a real boom to morale and also helps ukrainians feel like if we were not going to win this thing, the u.s. president wouldn't come and visit. it sort of makes everybody feel like things will be okay. and with he can get through this and do this. even though -- in no uncertain terms, it is a very tough fight at the moment. >> real quickly.

we all remember vividly how you were there for the weeks before the russian invasion. and then you stayed. and i just -- all the talk of kyiv will fall in days or weeks and you were in kyiv. kyiv has not fallen and the u.s. president is there on an extraordinary visit. >> it does make you sort of, hike, y like, you can't quite believe it. there was so much pressure to evacuate. it really looked like according to various international intelligence services that kyiv would fall. you can't get a reservation in kyiv here. kyiv is bustling. kyiv is buzzing. now kyiv is a microcosm. it's not indicative of what a large swath of the rest of the country look like. i think it's fair to say that it's been pretty extraordinary to see how this city in the face

of constant air raid sirens, regular bombardment, drone attacks, manages to keep on moving. and to sort of really keep this posture of defiance and resilience that has come to embody ukraine's response to this entire invasion. >> thank you very much. get back to you in just a minute. kaitlan, back to new warsaw. >> krcnn is tracking all of thi. how the kremlin is going to respond to this? fred is live in moscow. we've been talking about this speech that president putin is giving tomorrow, i believe. that is also when president biden himself is speaking. we're going to see the dueling remarks as we close in on one year of the anniversary as remarkable of what poppy was noting. what is the expectation of how the kremlin is going to respond to biden now making this

historic trip to kyiv? >> yeah. first of all, this is huge news in russia as well. we've been watching that state run kremlin controlled media. it is all over the place, the visit of the u.s. president there in kyiv. you have all sorts of commentators sort of scrambling with commentary as well. some of them saying that president biden is doing this for domestic purposes, to increase poll ratings in the united states. but there are also some -- this is important, who are saying that they believe that this shows that the united states is in fact de facto, a party to this war, a party to this conflict. that's really important. that's obviously what the russians have been saying for quite a while now. ever since they've been doing badly on the battlefield, russian state media and also the kremlin has essentially tried to frame this as a war of russia against nato. russia against the west and specifically russia against the united states. now you can imagine with president biden there on the ground in kyiv, in ukraine, many russian commentators are saying

exactly the same thing. we haven't heard from the kremlin yet. kremlin controlled media certainly pushing that narrative in the very big way. that's something that potentially could be quite dangerous. also, of course, it is something where putin uses that to try to rally the nation here. i think you're right. that speech that putin is set to give tomorrow in franont of the federal assembly is seen here. i sfopoke to a bunch of people, something that could yield something very important as far as russia's special military operation is concerned. it is unclear what he's going to say. it is certainly something seen as a landmark. the this entire week seems to be laced with events meant to rally russians behind the special military operation on wednesday there is a big event on thursday. there is defenders and then on friday you have the actual anniversary of the war. we're not sure how big the russians are going to mark that.

but certainly you can see that at this point in time, putin is trying to rally russians around the fact that this is going to be a long, protracted and tough war for russia as well. obviously, things have not been going the way the russians had hoped on the battlefield and the message that the kremlin is trying to send and will send after the visit of the u.s. president is that putin is nowhere near backing down. in fact, he is ready to keep this going for a very long time. kaitlan? >> yeah. and that's such a big part of this. what is russia going to do next? what we hear from u.s. officials is they're worried about the spring offensive and what this can look like. that's why president zelenskyy is talking about getting the equipment they say they need now. when it odometcomes to what rus planning, there is no guarantee the spring offensive is going to be successful. the idea that kyiv was going to roll over in a few days never

materialized. what is the sense there? >> yeah. i think you're right. i think the russians are concerned about the way things are going on the battlefield and certainly right now what you don't see here officially in russia, i spoke to a couple of analysts and some people in politics here as well. any sort of quick victories that happen. they do say there is going to be something fwbig that they're planning in the spring of this year. there's no guarantees it is something that is going to yield quick results. we've seen that on the battle fields in eastern ukraine where the mobilized troops that putin mobilized already arrived on the battlefield. you see the russiang more pressure on certain places. not really gaining much in the way of territory. quite interesting because i spoke to very important analyst here on the weekend. he said right now he believes the big problem that russia has is that they have mobilized a lot of people. they could mobilize a lot more and, of course, on top of that you have private organizations like the private military

company using people they recruit from jails on the front lines. they say russia also has a lot of problem getting these people modern and adequate weapons. they say it's not about rifles but certainly when you speak about tanks and other modern equipment, russia also having some trouble supplying people, supplying those who are mobilized with that as well. one of the things we ascertain is that russians are gearing up for this to take a very long time. the spring offensive that people are talking about might not be something sort of along the way of trying to blitz into ukraine, trying to make quick territorial gains. more something that could be a very slow buildup where the russians try to suffocate the ukrainians and essentially high pressure that nations like the united states and especially european allies might not have the wherewithal, might not be in it for the long run. certainly that putin could outlast them, caught atlanta. >> -- kaitlan.

>> those are critical points. also this hour, as we cover this historic visit that president biden made, his eighth trip to ukraine, his first though since russia invaded nearly a year ago. we're going to get perspective from colonel cedric leighton next. what is happening on the battlefield and what could be next for ukraine? stay with us. intense about hydration. neutrogena® hydro boost lightweight. clinically proven. 48-hour hydratioion. for that healthy skin glow. neutrogena®. for people with skin. next on behind the series... let me tell you about the greatest roster ever assembled. the monster, the outlaw... and you can't forget about the boss. sometimes- you just want to eat your heroes. the subway series. the greatest menu of all time. (vo) if you've had troid eye disease for years and the pain in the back of your eye is forcing bad words from your mouth, it's not too late for another treatment option. to learn more visit treatted.com. that's treatt-e-d.com.

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freedom is priceless and we'll would be you as long as it takes. >> thank you. >> we're with you for this breaking news. a remarkable moment, one that will be remembered and go down in history as president biden makes an unannounced trip to an active war zone, landing and meeting with president zelenskyy in kyiv. pledging unlimited support. kaitlan, the president saying that this is far bigger, as he has, than ukraine. this is about democracy. this is about the ability for the free world to continue to operate. it is stunning. you're there in warsaw. this was not supposed to happen in terms of the presidential

schedule. but it did. then he'll where you are after this. >> we had a feeling that something maybe going on. the president wasn't scheduled to depart washington until 7:00 p.m. tonight. it had been very quiet coming from the white house. obviously, there were questions on whether or not he would go to ukraine given he would be in the area and not visited yet. i'll tell you, we've been here in poland for a few days. the bigger questions are whether what the president is referencing, whether the u.s. will be with ukraine as long as it takes. the question is how long it is going to take? what is the future of this? and if the u.s. is going to relent and give ukraine those long range missiles they want, the f-16 fighter jets. those are big questions once president biden leaves there. he is still on the ground visiting kyiv. it is remarkable to see him actually walking around there where, you know, a year ago as you were noting with clarissa, major questions on what kyiv would look like today. >> kaitlan, thank you.

you're doing great work. thank you for braving the rain. the you're doing great work as usual. we're going to bring in cedric leighton. good morning, colonel. you've been watching this since the beginning. you have been talking about this since the 24th. i was in poland on the 26th as thousands of refugees were coming over the border from ukraine. i'm curious what your thoughts are on hearing the president of the united states in a country that is currently in war with sirens going off. there are no u.s. troops there. and, yet, he says, we are going to stick with you for the long haul. in other words, you have our full support. what does that mean to ukraine? what does that say to russia and the rest of the world? >> sarah, good morning. this is really big deal. and the way that the president has orchestrated this, this is like if roosevelt had visited london during the blitz in world war ii. this is that significant.

so what we're seeing here is really a transformation of the world order. the russians by their invasion of ukraine have tried to go in and they've tried to upend the world order. they and the chinese are very much interested in making sure that the united states is not the dominant power in the world and by doing this invasion of ukraine, you know, almost a year ago today, you see that there is so many different aspects to this. you know, you had the initial attack on kyiv, the one that was 40 mile long column of tanks that was -- armored personnel carriers and trucks supposed to make it to kyiv. they never made it to kyiv. the very fact that the president of the united states a year on can say to president zelenskyy on president zelenskyy's home turf standing by you, that's significant. it shows there are so many

different things. you look at, for example, the tanks that all the allies have pledged. you have 31 tanks from the united states, the abrams tanks, germans and canadians as well and brits bringing challengers in. that is symptom at ukatic of wh going on here. the tanks can make a big difference on the battlefield. we want the ukrainians to engage in a war of maneuver. right now there is a bit of, you know, some people call it a stalemate. basically, the forces are stalled, especially in the east. and if they can break out of that, it is kind of like what happened in world war i where the united states came in. the tanks were invented and that really increased mobility on the very static front on the western front in that war. and this same kind of philosophy is what, you know, the military party of this is going to be like. and, you know, seeing the pictures coming out of kyiv, not only that underlines the military dimension of this, but

it also underlines the geopolitical part of this which is very significant because the united states is not going go quietly as the dominant power of the world and we're saying to the russians and to anybody else who is watching that we're not only sticking with ukraine, but we're going to do this for, as the president said, as long as it takes. >> the next question, colonel, is what else will come to get the job fdone for ukraine. russia tapped almost all of the ground forces. still has a significant air power reserve it hasn't tapped. can this be won by ukraine without u.s. f-16s? >> bottom line, poppy, probably no. and the reason i say that is in modern warfare, air superiority has been key to the success of land forces and also been key to providing that cover for the

military actions. . so, what is remarkable is that the russians haven't achieved air support eriority in anythin they've done here. when you see an f-16 in there with the ability to hit ground targets and air-to-air targets, that is a significant element of a air campaign. the problem that we have is bringing all these forces together and making sure that the ukrainians have the training that they need in order to effectively use this weapon system. and, of course, we're seeing them do this in britain. we have the initial aspects of training pilots, ukrainian pilots. that's going to be exceptionally important to get this right. and in order for ukraine to succeed, i believe that air power is a significant component to that. you made a very interesting point, poppy. the russians have not used a significant portion of their air power. probably several reasons of that, for that.

but the very fact that they're not doing that shows that either they have it in reserve or it doesn't work. and if it doesn't work, they have more problems than we have seen so far. >> lindsey graham called on the u.s. to start training ukrainian pilots today on the f-16s. thank you very much, colonel. we appreciate it very much. coming up as we continue to follow this breaking news, quite a day on the world stage with president biden in kyiv meeting with president zelenskyy. we'll be joined with much more on the national perspective. stay with us. ♪ a beach house, a a treehouse, ♪ ♪ honestly i don't care ♪ find the perfect vacation rental l for you bookining.com, booking.g. yeah.

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security analyst and national security correspondent for "the new york times." david, obviously, you know, you and i both cover biden. this has been a trip that he had been wanting to take for a year now. he has not done so far. they were talking about security reasons why he couldn't go. i think one big question is what do you think the reaction is like right now? what is the response happening inside the kremlin as they're watching president biden on the ground with president zelenskyy? >> kaitlan, it's a fascinating question. president putin is supposed to give a speech tomorrow that was supposed to be his rational for continuing a war that has already produced about 200,000 russian casualties including, we think, 60,000 or more dead. that was not the plan. the plan was that, of course, ukraine and kyiv was supposed to be russian territory by now. what you're going to see tomorrow are two very different

visions of not only where the war could go but between president putin's speech and then president biden's speech, to very different visions of how europe should be organized. that's why this is really such a critical moment in that -- the end of the post world war order we've been discussing for so long. >> president biden will then come here to poland, of course, where he is supposed to speak tomorrow. that's going to be a huge aspect of this as well. we talked about the role that poland played, a critical role. they've had a big change in just the last year. a big question is where they have been funneling these weapons and arm shipments they've been getting into ukraine. obviously, ukraine wants to see different levels of that. and what the white house announced to day, half a billion dollars in aid package had a lot of things we saw them send before. obviously did not include the longer range missiles that ukraine is wanting or the f-16 fighter jets. they also said they believe they

so desperately need. what you are watching on that front, david? >> kaitlan, i spent the weekend at the security conference where we had 50 members of congress, a number of members of the cabinet, secretary of state blinken, of course, vice president harris who gave a speech with good evident that the russians have conducted not only war crimes but crimes against humanity. fw but that leaves open the question of how far president biden is ready to go to expand this support. because while he says we're there as long as it takes, he doesn't say what we're there with. and the complaint that we heard here from the ukrainians who were at the conference in large numbers was that they simply don't have what they need to sustain over the long term. and there is, in fact, some tension inside the white house and inside the administration about whether you give them what they need for the next few

months or you give them what they need to make it impossible for russia to try something like this again. those maybe be very different things. president biden increasingly concerned that weapons that can reach deep inside russia could provoke a much wider war or nuclear use. >> yeah. major questions over what exactly they're willing to provide and whether or not they wait until later, what that looks like. david sanger, great analysis from you. thank you for providing your perspective. we'll get more in just a moment on the historic visit that president biden is currently making inside ukrainian territory, inside ukraine as a war is under way. there are no u.s. forces. we're going to get more perspective on that from our next guest after this.

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welcome back to our continuing coverage of this breaking news. president biden with an unannounced surprise visit to kyiv. president zelenskyy just tweeting this about president biden's visit. historic, timely and brave. let's talk about the history made here with julian zelezer. i think it's interesting that last hour we heard -- earlier this hour, colonel cedric leighton said this is such a big deal it would have been -- because by the way, this is an active war zone. we have not seen this from a u.s. president before. he said this would kind of be like if fdr had visited london d during the blitz. do you agree? >> yeah. i mean, we've had u.s. presidents visiting u.s. troops during wars, franklin roosevelt did it in 1943 in north africa.

president lyndon johnson and nixon did it in vietnam and so on. president clinton visited bosnia where u.s. troops were peacekeepers. but here he's visiting without the u.s. troops as a backdrop. and in the middle of a very hot war. so it's a very significant moment, i think, for him and for the situation broadly. >> when we're looking at these pictures, you talk about the historic moment. there is, of course, a huge background to this. this is the upcoming one year anniversary of the prunprovoked invasion of russia into ukraine. can you give us a sense of what this might mean in the future for democracy, of a lot of people in the region will talk about this isn't just about ukraine. it's about something that is much bigger. do you agree?

>> that's certainly how the biden administration sees it. it is part of a global effort to preserve democratic governments and institutions. this is a show of force from the president in term of u.s. support that it will not go away. it will not vanish as this war continues. i think politically, diplomatically, that's exactly what the president is trying to assert. >> can i just quickly ask you about that. there has been over the last couple of presidents concern that the united states is wishy washy when it comes to its role in the world. there is a pulling back in the past administration of engaging internationally. do you think the united states is still seen that way or does this change the game really with this visit? >> i think u.s. involvement in ukraine through support has been

an effort to move away from that. since the war in iraq in many ways like the war in vietnam, there has been a bipartisan sentiment to pull away. i think with president biden and very strong support for ukraine in a very heated situation, this has done something to reverse that. it is not a commitment of troops. it is different. but it is a commitment of support. it's been very steady. now we're well into this. and president biden is reminding the world this isn't stopping right now. i think this is quite typical in that way. >> thank you for coming with really interesting and historical perspective. and we'll be right back.

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