this is "gps, the global public square." welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria coming to you live from new york. ♪ ♪ today on the program as israel celebrates 75 years since its founding -- i talk to its longest-serving prime minister benjamin netanyahu. with the resurgence in israeli-palestinian violence, can israel continue to make peace with arab states? how will it handle an iran that could reportedly make enough missile material for a nuclear bomb in just two weeks? and the court crisis. ♪ ♪ how to heal the country's divisions? israel's greatest existential threat according to its

president? also washington has declared that america's covid national emergency will end in a matter of days. so what lessons have we learned from a pandemic that took more than a million lives in the united states alone? i'll talk to philip zelico whose covid crisis just released its report. but first, here's my take, visiting india this week i was struck by how different the mood was there compared to much of the world. while people in the united states and europe are worried about inflation and a possible recession, indians are excited about the future. india is now the most populist country on the planet and is projected to be its fastest growing large economy, as well at 5.9% this year. prime minister narendra modi said recently, india's time has arrived. my worry is that i've seen this

movie before. i remember going to the world economic forum in davos in 2006 and being bombarded with billboards plastered all over the small swiss town saying incredible india proclaiming it to be the fastest-growing free market democracy. in fact, those years india was growing even faster than now at more than 9%. the indian trade minister confidently predicted to me that the indian economy would soon overtake china's. it didn't quite work out that way. after a few years, growth petered out, economic reforms stalled and many foreign businesses that had entered the country with great enthusiasm were disappointed. some left altogether. as for beating china, despite its slowdown, the chinese economy today is about five times the size of the indian economy. and yet i came away from the trip bullish about india. while the enthusiasm in the

mid-2000s did not fully translate the country did continue to make progress. it has been the second fastest growing large economy after china for 20 years, but in recent years it has been able to accelerate growth because of a series of revolutions. the first was the adhar revolution, giving every indian a unique, 12-digit i.d. by fingerprints or iris scan. it sounds simple, but it is the most sophisticated i.d. program if the world. today 99.9% of adult indians have a digital i.d. that can be used to verify instantly who they are and thus set up a bank account in minutes, literally. i've seen this done. or it reqcan be used to transfe government payments to recipients directly and with little skimming or corruption. i've heard enrollment is open to

all and free, but its most distinctive feature that it is publicly owned and operated unlike in the west where digital platforms like google or facebook are private monopolies that can share your data to make a profit. entrepreneurs can even build businesses and when you use the platform you don't pay those persistent fees that are ubiquitous in the west. the second is the georevolution. location banning, india's most ambitious business leader made a staggering $46 billion bet that by offering very cheap phones and data packages he can get most indians on the internet. it worked with most using smartphones as their computers over 700 million indians now use the internet. india's usage of data is larger than the next two countries, china and the united states combined.

the third is an infrastructure revolution which is readily apparent to anyone visiting india. spending on roads, airport, train stations and other such projects has exploded. government capital spending, capex, has risen fivefold since fiscal 2017, the construction of national highways has doubled as have sea port capacity and airports. mumbai is building an extensive set of bridge e roads, tunnels and metro lines that can truly connect all parts of india's leading economic center. these three revolutions could this time truly transform india, but they can do so best by helping in the country's greatest challenge, bringing hundreds of millions of indians who are still on the margins economically, socially and politically. as of 2019, about 45% indians, more than 600 million people

live on less than $3.65 a day. the visionary architect of our time describes how to create jobs in a novel, bottom-up way. rather than the chinese style top-down approach of building a hundred new factories that employ terns of thousands of workers, he envisions using it to get loans to the millions of small businesses scheduled throughout the country. he said to me, if ten million small businesses get loans that let them each hire two more people that's 20 million new jobs. the even larger challenge of inclusivity is around india's women who are still pressured in various ways not to work outside the house. female labor force participation in india is low and stunningly has been falling over the last two decades from around 30% to

23%. of the g-20 countries not only saudi arabia's is lower. bloomberg economics estimates that closing the gap between women's and men's participation would increase india's gdp more than 30% over the next three decades. a focus on inclusivity would also transform india's religious tensions, bridging into the fold india's muslims and roughly 200 million people and a seventh of the country who face persistent persecution. it would also be in character for a country that is open, pluralistic and a democracy where the majority of the population are hindus, a religion almost defined by its pluralism and tolerance. india has the potential to be admired not just because of the quantity of its growth, but also the quality of its values and that would truly be an incredible india.

go to cnn.com/fareed for a link to my wish wash pington post ko emand let's get started. ♪ ♪ on wednesday israel celebrated 75 years of statehood with flyovers, flags and messages from powerful flags, but the joyous celebrations on a mo momentous anniversary lacked, the greatest existential threat to israelis comes from within, from polarization and alienation. the biggest issue dividing the nation is a plan by the netanyahu government to overhaul the judiciary and weaken it significantly in the process. that plan is on hold at least for the moment, but the division has not disappeared. joining me now is israel's prime minister benjamin netanyahu.

welcome, prime minister. >> thank you. good to be you, fareed. >> foreign minister, you have been prime minister many, many years, many times. you have never brought up these kind of judicial changes before. your critics say that the reason you're bringing them up is that you need the support of a couple of minority parties, tiny parties. is it worth the stability of the nation, the constitutional framework of the nation being altered so much just to placate these few -- these really two tiny parties? >> i think that's completely not only wrong, but also misinformed. there is a very broad segment of the israeli public, 2.5 million people, the majority who voted for me and my government who are eager to see a restoration of the balance between the three branches of government.

in israel, all democracies are based on the balance between the will of the majority and the rights of the minority and the individual rights. that balance is assured by the balance between the three branches of government, the executive, the legislative and the judiciary. in israel over the last 20 years the judiciary has become increasingly powerful and has dominated, overriding decisions by the democratic ly elected legislature and the legislative so people want to bring it back in line and on the other side, and hundreds of thousands of people showed up in a demonstration a day after independence day and hundreds of thousands who are supporting this reform. on the other side, people are saying, well, if you tilt the pendulum to the other side and have the legislator have overriding, unrestricted overriding power over the supreme court and you will impinge on the individual rights and so there has to be a happy middle here and what i decided

to do about a month ago is to -- well, press the pause button and allow for an attempt to reach a consensus on something that i think is important for israeli democracy, but one thing i guarantee you, at the end of this process, israel who was a democracy and is a democracy will remain as robust a democracy and you can see that by the fact that hundreds of thousands of people are demonstrating for and against this judicial reform in peaceful demonstrations in ways that are not possible within an enormous radius and when you have that as you have in france or protests in the united states it's not a sign of the collapse of democracy. it's a sign of the robustness of the public debate which i'm sure, and i hope, and i'm working to resolve by as broad a consensus as i can. >> but prime minister, the issue is not a democracy. it is what kind of democracy

israel will have. will it have a liberal democracy or an illiberal democracy? you talked about three branches of government, but in israel you have a parliamentary democracy so the legislative branch are fused. do you control both? you don't have a constitution and you don't have an upper house of parliament and no senate or state governments and when you look at the system, there are all those checks and balances, the supreme court is the only check on an elected government in israel and that and why so many constitutional scholar ars around the israel and the united states and die-hard voters are all opposed to this plan. are you willing to compromise myself and draw those elements of the proposals? >> well, first of all, alan dershowitz has said that if israel went with the original proposal as proposed by the justice minister it wouldn't be

any liberal democracy. he said it would resemble new zealand, canada and the united states. so understand that there's a lot of hype and a lot of exaggeration, but i'll tell you one thing that i've already said and i think people now understand it and accept it on my side of the spectrum that we cannot move the pendulum from one side of the most activist judicial branch on the planet that abrogates the will of the majority and again, overriding the decisions of the elected government to the other side where you'd have the parliament essentially overriding with the simple majority, the will or the decisions of the supreme court. israel has been thrown off balance and the challenge is a big one is to bring it back to a balance that is accepted in most democracies between the three branches of government without going to the side that would indeed remove checks and balances on the power of the majority. i have no problem with that.

as you know, i was educated in the united states. i am fully conversive with the federalist papers and i read them more than once, and i think what we're trying to do is put this system into balance and by the way, in most parliamentary democracies, the legislative and the executive are mixed so you have two polls and if it's one to one side, bring it back to the center. don't swing it to the other side, and i'm going to ensure that that's not going to happen. by the way, most of the supporters of judicial reform that are now encompassing the vast majority of the public and not the detail, but the need to judicial reform agree that it should be somewhere in the middle which is a hard task and it's hard to achieve balance, but that's what democracies are about. you argue and you fight verbally, negotiate and hopefully find a consensus.

>> do you worry that some of the most prominent israeli citizens are the heart of the tech industry and they were saying they would move their companies and move themselves if the changes go ahead? >> truthfully? no. i'm not worried because israel is a fount of technology and is a fount of innovation. some of them who said they'd move the money out lost the money, and i don't know if they put it in the silicon valley bank, but israel is a safe place. i think we're very proud of the fact that we've built here a very real, robust and responsible free market economy, and because israel's the worry that i think was reflected in the beginning and is piped up as though the independence of the judiciary will in any way be compromised. that's false. it's not going to happen and the

number judiciary which powerful and people are beginning to recognize that israel's future economically including in the high-tech sector is going to be secure. >> next on "gps" will israel's burgeoning peace with its arab neighbors be hurt by this month's breakout of new violence between the israelis and the palestinians? i ask the prime minister about i ask the prime minister about that when we come back. they collect hundreds of data points like hrv and rem sleep, so you know all you need for recovery. and you are? i'm an investor...in invesco qqq, a fund that gives me access to... nasdaq 100 innovations like... wearable training optimization tech. uh, how long are you... i'm done. i'm okay. >> woman: why did we choose safelite? we're always working on a project. while loading up our suv, one extra push and... crack!

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our dell technologies advisors can provide you with the tools and expertise you need to bring out the innovator in you. three weeks ago israeli forces stormed one of islam's holiest sites, the al aqsa mosque in jerusalem. it came during the holy muslim month of ramadan. they took the action after, quote, hundreds of rioters and desecraters barricaded themselves inside. the raids prompted a major uptick in violence including rocket fire from lebanon, gaza

and syria and israeli air strikes in response. back now with more of my interview earlier today with israel's prime minister benjamin netanyahu. prime minister, when we last talked before you were prime minister just a few months ago, you had hinted that you thought there was going to be some movement on relations between sa saudi arabia and israel. you normalized relations with the united arab emrams and bahrain. the saudis and emiratis are all concerned about the rising level of violence between israeli government and palestinians. is that going to put a freeze on your plans which were, i think, to normalize relations with saudi arabia? >> well, first, we're doing everything to make sure that the forces that are basically financed and equipped and pushed

by iran that are trying to foment this violence around our borders and within our borders do not succeed, but what we hear from -- what we hear from our arab neighbors, thinof course, something else. i think they have no danger of iran-sponsored terrorism in the region and no illusion that israel is a force for stability, for peace and for security and that's yet relations are actually, well, they're improving. we just signed a free trade agreement with the uae. we just expanded the semi normalization, well, the baby steps normalization that we've had with saudi arabia. you know, we've been flying over saudi airspace and hundreds thousands of israelis and over the historic abraham accords to say the least and now recently, under my government, we opened

up the route to fly to india and asia through oman going through saudi airspace. i think that there issa -- i am very hopeful and i believe this is not pie in the sky that we will expand the historic abraham accords to a leap because i think that peace with saudi arabia, normalization of saudi arabia is in the interest of peace in the middle east and is in the interest of both our countries and i think it's possible. when i spoke about the abraham accords and you may remember this because we've been talking to each other many years, but when i spoke about it a lot of people poo-pooed it because they thought it was an issue and i said no, no, it's not only possible, it's going to happen. people had the impossible turn into the possible and turning into the the inevitable. peace with major arab countries

is not only possible. i think it's likely and i'm doing everything i can, not everything above surface, to advance it because i think it will change history. it will be a pivot of history. it will end the arab-israeli conflict and will end the solution of the palestinian-israeli conflict. >> let me ask you about your relations with another ally. president biden has publicly criticized the proposals that your government is making for judicial changes. he pointedly said he was not going to have you at the white house at a point where it seemed as though he was going to, what is the state of your relations with joe biden? >> well, he's been a friend of israel and a friend of mine for 40 years. it doesn't mean we don't have our occasional disagreements and we've spoken on the phone several times including a few days ago. the main figures, in his

secretary of it was and the security adviser and i've we've had common concern for iran's quest for nuclear weapons and the alliance is strong, and it has strong bipartisan support and chuck shummy, the majority leader and mitch mcconnell minority leader was here within a few days and we had hakeem jefferies, and the minority democratic leader in the house and tomorrow we will have kevin mccarthy the majority of the speaker in the house. i don't know many countries that have within a few days the leaders and the democratic and the republican leaders of both sides of the aisle coming to -- coming to jerusalem, and i think supporting israel 400 or more congressmen -- congressmen, congresswomen signed a resolution strongly supporting the jewish state on the 75th

anniversary. so i'm -- i'm confident about the strength of our alliance. yes, president biden did say that he had hoped we'd have a consensus, seeking a consensus here on judicial reform. it's an internal matter, but i happen to agree with him and that's what we're trying to do right now. next on "gps," next week will mark five years since president trump announced he was unilaterally pulling the united states out of the iran deal. is israel safer or more vulnerable because of that? we'll be right back with bibi netanyahu. arter. like a smart coffee grinder - that orders fresh beans for you. oh, genius! for more breakthroughs like that... ...i need a breakthrough card... like ours! with 2.5% cash back on purchases of $5,000 or more... plus unlimited 2% cash back on all other purchases! and with greater spending potential, sam can keep making smart ideas... ...a brilliant reality! the ink business premier card from

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america's top military officer chairman of the joint chiefs of staff mark milley warned last month that iran had the capability to produce enough

missile material for a nuclear weapon in less than two weeks. prime minister benjamin netanyahu has often warned that a nuclear iran poses an existential threat to israel. here's more of my interview with him. >> prime minister, you very famously oppose the iran nuclear deal. when it was put in place the iaea and almost all intelligence agencies said iran was more than a year away from having the missile material to produce a bomb. now with the iran agreement abrogated, iran is by most intelligence agencies accounts two weeks away from having the missile material to produce a bomb. isn't that prima facie evidence that your opposition to the deal was misguided and it was keeping iran much further away from nuclear weapons status than it is currently? >> according to our estimates,

fareed, the efforts that we made which are manyfold, some on the operational side and some on the economic and political side have made iran basically lagged -- lagged behind its original plans and they thought they'd be where they are now about ten years ago, but we were able to slow them down and not able to stop them completely. to complete a weapon they had to make a decision to cross the line and to 90% enrichment and the second thing they need is a weapon and the bomb itself which is different from the fissile material at the core of the bomb and the third thing they need are missiles. the deal that is being discussed would have paved the way with gold to achieving all three because it doesn't stop the development of the missiles. it doesn't stop the development of the weapons and it doesn't even address these two things and it doesn't enable them to continue developing the centrifuges that would have

brought them to a point in two years -- in one year they'd have the approved ability, approved by the international community to renenrich uranium at an unlimited way. if you want to stop iran from becoming a military nuclear power, the only way you can stop them is with a credible military threat. this is what worked against saddam hussein's nuclear weapon program in iraq. that was done by us. this is what worked against bashar al assad's nuclear plan in syria. that was done by us. this is what worked against gadhafi military's nuclear plan and it was stopped by a credible military threat by your part. it didn't work in the case of north cor wra and now they have a nuclear arsenal that threatens half of asia and all of the united states. iran has been slowed down

because of a credible military threat and i can tell you that it stopped and i grant you that, but we have a job to do. the jury is still out on all of us to prevent iran from having nuclear weapons because if it does all of the middle east will go nuclear, and i think that we cannot assure that iran will act as a nuclear power with the islamist theological thuggery that controls it. we don't know that it will act in an irrational way and the onus is on all of us, israel and the united states and the free world and many of our arab neighbors to do everything in our power to prevent iran from becoming a military nuclear power and this is certainly something i'm committed to and in many ways this is why i came back and was re-elected. you know, there have to be other reasons to join, you know, the rosy path of israeli politics.

this is the most important one. >> prime minister, it's also a pleasure to talk to you. thank you very much, i hope we can continue this conversation soon. >> i hope so, too. thank you. >> next on gps, lessons on covid, what did america learn from more than a million deaths in this country when we come back. control for parents. nice. one bank for both. chase. make more of what's yours. join me in the finish 24 hour challenge. start by cooking a lasagna. skip the rinse and load your dishes. 24 hours later when your dishwasher is full, let finish quantum clean your dishes. if the stains aren't gone, your lasagna is on finish.

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born in 1847, formally enslaved, started buying land, was in the house of representatives. we didn't know our family was part of black reconstruction. exactly. okay, seriously. finding out this family history, these things become anchors for your soul. official washington is sending a clear signal on covid, the emergency has ended, as of april 10th, it is no longer a national emergency and another major piece the public health emergency will sunset on may 11th. so if politicians decide it's over surely they made certain that america learned as much as it could from the covid response, right? wrong. congress failed to pass legislation that would establish a commission to study what happened, but into that void

stepped private foundations and the covid crisis group of the formed. after two years of work its report was published this week in a book titled "lessons from the covid war" an investigative group, and philip joins me now. pleasure to have you on. >> good to be here, fareed. why do you think contrast to the 9/11 commission there really was no appetite on either side of the aisle to look at. here we have this massive pandemic over a million americans died and nobody seems to want to ask did we handle it well? >> part of what happened is each side had its blame story. so on the republican side it's blame china blame tony fauci, the democratic side it's blame trump and since each side had their political narrative they did not want to complex ify that

and in the administration there was at first a reluctance to be distracted by the investigation and then they realized an investigation would investigate them, too. bottom line, people didn't want a commission because they didn't realize what a commission could tell them. they didn't realize what a commission could help them do because they themselves internally didn't really understand what happened and how to fix it so they didn't have a vision of how to use the commission to do that fix. >> so what do you, is the central lesson that comes out of the covid war? >> the central lesson is preparedness and what preparedness really means. preparedness is not kind of, well, you should protect people or you should protect the economy. those are abstractions. preparedness is what do we actually do if we're confronted with a giant emergency, what do

we do? when you think about that a while, okay, you need to know what to do, and what exactly to do. we have to train people to do it. we have to have the capacity and equipment to do it, and you have to make those preparations in advance. so what happens in the crisis is really fairly quickly folks really did not know what to do, and the public could kind of tell that people were flailing and into that void of people flailing and not really knowing what to do or being ready in flows the toxic politics. >> it seems to me that what you're describing is a particularly difficult test for america because a public health emergency unlike a national security emergency is one where it's not just the federal government that has to act. it's the federal government in coordination with the state governments and in coordination with the local governments there were thousands of health authorities within the u.s. and this is something we are very bad at. >> and this is a big point

that's in our report, and the private sector and private firms. the government in peacetime just doesn't have the capacity to do stuff. so you have to partner with the private sector and take the example of tests and everyone remembers there was a big testing fiasco in 2020. so we didn't design a very good test. so even if we had designed a very good test we hadn't designed with the private sector to make millions of them, we didn't have a plan of what to do with the test. exactly how should we use them? should we protect them using nursing homes and the 10,000 drive-through citizens to do biomedical surveillance and then you would have to coordinate that nationally. that's what we mean about preparedness and it's this stuff that really isn't a partisan story. the main function of our report is when you go through it, oh, i

see. i see what it is we needed to do and then we weren't ready to do those things. >> what should we have done with schools? it seems to me in retrospect that might have been one of the biggest errors. closing the schools was a bad idea. >> one of the interesting things in the report is we actually compare america's school closures with other closures in affluent countries around the world. a lot of your viewers may not realize america closed its schools twice as much than places like germany or israel. why did they get their schools open much more? it's because they figured out the tool kits to how to re-open the schools and then they, plied those tool kits with policies. the whole goal of public health was not to lock people in and it was to help people to go about their daily lives and feel safe. the whole idea is how do we re-open schools, what's practical in the case -- and our

report says we could have started re-opening schools in the big way by the fall of 2020 if we had perfected tool kits like things like ventilation, understanding that good air circulation diminishes the risk of disease combined with high-quality masking, smaller classrooms. there are a lot of tools that we could use to make it safe to go back to school and make teachers feel safe. in the absence of those tools, basically people crouch and you're paralyzed and then you stay away and your schools end up staying closed a school year longer than was the kach in much of the developed world. >> and we have so far learned none of the important lessons? >> sadly because folks don't really understand trialy why ing thises went so wrong. they haven't done anything fundamental to fix it, and we're

as vulnerable with the pandemic today than we were in 2020. >> wow. a very important book to read. ph philip zelikow, good to have you on. >> thank you, fareed. >> we will be back. you get listening more than talking, and a personalized plan built on insights and innovative technology. you get grit, vision, and the creativity to guide you through a changing world. ♪ the day you get your clearchoice dental implants makes every day... a "let's dig in" day... mm. ...a "chow down" day... a "take a big bite" day... a "perfectly delicious" day... - mm. [ chuckles ] - ...a "love my new teeth" day. because your clearchoice day is the day everything is back on the menu. a clearchoice day changes every day.

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and now for the last look. recently declared software for the world. and software companies were infiltrating large ward and conquering and netflix disrupted movie theaters and video rentals. apple and spotify rendered cds obsolete. amazon, despite sh was fundamentally a software company dislodging traditional retail. even cars had increasingly become software on wheels.

more than a decade later, venture capitalist paul cadrawski and eric moreland asked in a recent blog post why software is taking so damned long to finish eating. they argue that software could be much more widely deployed if it weren't so expensive to produce. along comes chatgpt made by open ai. it's a cheap, powerful software that could disrupt a host of industries. it can answer all kinds of questions and write everything from marketing materials to news articles to legal documents. it can also supercharge existing software. for example, salesforce has integrated chatgpt into its einstein assistant tool. when a sales rep is put on a new account, the chat bot can provide an overview of the company, find content information for the right people, and compose a personalized email. then make the email less formal

if needed. instacart has debuted a chatgpt function that suggests a recipe, turns it into a shopping list, and pre-populates the items to add to your shopping cart. simply put, chatgpt is an amazingly versatile software. anyone can use it, though it often takes some skill to craft the perfect prompts. that's why a new job has sprouted up called prompt engineer, for people who are looking prompt. this may be english majors rather than computer scientists, but they are a new kind of tech wizard. the wizardry reaches a whole other level when you consider the chat bot's software can be used to create other software. after all, chat bots generate writing. computer code is a kind of writing. so now someone can build their own software, simply by feeding prompts to chatgpt.

tesla's former head of ai, andre carpathi who also helped found open ai proclaimed the hardest new programming language is english. the implications are huge. cadrawski andmoreland argue, a software industry where anyone can write software can do it for pennies, and can do it as easily as speaking or writing text is a transformative moment. they compare this to the moment microchips and internet access started to become widely available, unleashing astounding innovation. software development using chatgpt is in its fanin infancy people have found that that one developer wrote a program using chatgpt to interface his smarthome with chatgpt. >> just note that i'm recording this video in the dark in the office.

can you do something about that? >> turning on the lights for you. >> of course, at this early stage, chat bots have major limitations and make mistakes all the time. and some programming tasks may always be too complex or creative for ai to handle. still, think about how the world might change if anyone can build a simple app by writing a few prompts in plain english rather than higher expensive software engineers. it is the ultimate democratization of software. and even if you do need humans to write some pieces of software, you'll need fewer of them. in june of 2021, get hub and open ai introduced co-pilot, an ai tool that works alongside programmers. it suggests code the way your phone suggests the next word or your email server suggests a reply. according to get hub, developers are find cog pilot so helpful, that it's writing an average of 46% of their code.

programming is quickly becoming a lot easier, which means cheaper, which means much more plentiful. in 2017, the ceo of chipmaker invidia said software is eating the world, but ai is going to eat software. that future is starting to come into view. and it could transform society in ways that we cannot even fathom today. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week. ware. with flexible multi-cloud services that enable digital innovation and enterprise control, vmware helps you keep your cloud options open. the chase ink business premier card is made for people like sam who make...? ...everyday products... ...designed smarter. like a smart coffee grinder - that orders fresh beans for you. oh, genius! for more breakthroughs like that... ...i need a breakthrough card... like ours! with 2.5% cash back on purchases of $5,000 or more... plus unlimited 2% cash back on all other purchases! and with greater spending potential,

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