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pete muntean at reagan national airport. >> this is cnn this is gps, the global public square. >> welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world i'm fareed zakaria coming to you live from new york today on the program the middle east on edge iran and its axis of resistance, of vowing revenge against israel after the targeted killings of three top hamas and hezbollah officials. how will the access strike? and when and our hopes of a ceasefire? in gaza now dashed. >> i lost the new yorker's robin wright and vali nasr of johns hopkins also the biggest prisoner swap since the cold war seven countries were involved in 24 prisoners were

delivered across borders including three americans. >> i'll talk to putin critic bill browder about who got the better end of the deal then venezuelan president nicolas maduro has claimed victory in last week's elections but the us says, his opponent is the actual winner will soar through the situation with opposition politician, little older lopez but first here's my take the conventional wisdom about donald trump is that he has no coherent policy agenda. he's transactional impulsive, and narcissistic the 140 of his former staffers who worked on the heritage foundation's project 2025 discovered this recently when trump abruptly disavowed the project because it became controversial. but trump does have an ideological core and it's one that dates back a long way. in 1987 when

donald trump was merely a new york developer, he spent almost $100,000 to take out a full-page ad in the new york times it was an open letter to the american people. and its basic message should by now be familiar. it began four decades japan and other nations have been taking advantage of the united states the thrust of the letter is that the u.s. is crippling itself by spending on the defense of its allies. while those allies prosper, his solution make japan, saudi arabia, and others pay america to protect them and impose taxes on these nations by which he means tariffs this is the core of trump's worldview in this campaign, he has announced that he would impose a 10% tariffs on all imported goods and 60% on those from china. as for america's defense commitments, trump threatened that he would not defend nato countries that have not yet

paid their bills by which he it means met their defense spending target of 2% of gdp. in fact, he said he would encourage the russians to do whatever the hell they want with these countries if they fall short of their spending commitments? i've asked business people who support trump, how they could be in favor of an agenda that was so obviously anti markets, anti-growth and andy stability they reply that is all bluster that trump's barak is always worse than his bite but hostility to america's allies and a fascination with protectionism is the constant in trump's ideology. trump's dark vision from the 1980s did not pan out. japan and europe stagnated, china, rose and through it all, the united states stayed remarkably strong maintaining its share of global gdp at 26% from 1990 through to today stayed remarkably strong, maintaining its share of global gdp at 26% from 1990 through to

today american wages, once very similar to europe's, are now about 40% higher. there, even higher compared with japan. us average wages are over $77,000 carlos, japan's around $43,000 countries like france protected their workers. japan and germany practiced industrial policy. but it was america that's surged ahead in the information age in, the 1980s and early 1990s, the reagan and clinton administrations tried all kinds of measures to stop japan's advance. they amounted too costly failures and japan miss the information revolution. anyway undeterred by that record of failure, trump wants to try it all again, this time with china, which now seems to be entering a period of slower growth itself caused by its own internal mistakes so far the record has been clear by trump's own key measure, the

trade deficit, which he always talks about the tariffs against china, which had been extended by president biden, have failed since the imposition of the tariffs that trade deficit has expanded rather than contracting many studies have shown that these measures have cost american consumers tens of billions of dollars and have not altered china's policies. a study by the peterson institute concludes the trump's new tariffs would cost american consumers $500 billion annually. in other words, they would stoke inflation. trump's is an ideological view, which facts and evidence can do little to dissuade. he insists, for example, that the tariffs are not paid by americans, but rather by china and other nations it's worth pointing out that if that were the case, if trump is right the american revolution was a big mistake recall that the colonists were enraged by the imposition of

tariffs by the british on imported goods. if only the columns knew that they were not paying those taxes, they might not have rebelled against british rule know, even with 18th century economics, they knew that they were paying the taxes there's a broader point to make here the united states did something truly revolutionary after world war ii. >> it understood that by underwriting international stability and helping eitan self-interest has been at the heart of america's engagement with the world for almost eight decades now donald trump and j.d. >> vance utterly rejected choosing instead a dark, narrow, and selfish with vision one that would turn its back on one of america's greatest and most enduring achievements go to cnn.com slash fareed for link to my washington post column this week and let's get started after the assassination

of three leaders of hamas and hezbollah, the middle east is on edge. the most stunning attack killed is smile haniyeh, the leader of the political wing of hamas and the chief hamas negotiator for a ceasefire. haniah was killed in tehran. he was there for the inauguration of iran's new to precedent. israel has not taken responsibility for haniyeh's death, but it has for the others, iran hamas and hezbollah have all vowed revenge for the deaths now, many countries are encouraging their citizens to leave lebanon airlines are canceling flights, and the u.s. is sending a carrier group and a fighter squadron squadron to the region joining me now is robin wright, new yorker writer and fellow at the wilson center and vali nasr, professor at johns hopkins school of advanced international studies vali, let me begin with you and ask you,

what does this look like to iran? because this is been a pretty aggressive set of moves by israel you're exactly right. >> i mean, this was seen by them as it deliberate provocation to precipitate and a conflict that would ultimately prompt probably bring in the united states into a direct confrontation with iran so they saw that in once israel, by killing hania, killed off the ceasefire deal, which means that the gaza war will go on. and it also decided to carry out the assassination in tehran. and during the inauguration of iranian president, the new iranian president which meant that it deliberately wanted to humiliate iran. and also the iranian side essentially as an attack on that inauguration itself. it's put it on in a very difficult position of needing to both retaliate, but also to establish deterrence against israel and at the same time also not react in a way that would play exactly into what they think israel wants, which is a larger conflict

robin does is want a larger conflict? >> it does seem like it's, it doesn't suggest that they're searching for some kind of stability here that punching back hard prime minister netanyahu has made clear that he intends to eliminate hamas as a political entity and as a military threat. and since january they head of mossad david barnea has said repeatedly that israel will go after the major hamas leaders as it has been doing steadily. and this of course does undermine peace, particularly when you eliminate the chief negotiator with the international community there are very few winners out of this escalation hamas wins because it it's always wanted the, its campaign against israel to engage or produce a wider war across the region. and that's where it looks like we're headed and bibi netanyahu also distract or those who engage or produce a

wider war across the region. and that's where it looks like we're headed. and bibi netanyahu also distracts the israeli population from his own political woes and problems in court. so there's a real danger here that you have to sides that for either military or political reasons are, are now likely to engage in a much wider conflict which is dangerous. most of all, because it brings merges the ten different conflicts playing out in the middle east into one big one. and that's really hard for the united states as the chief broker to try to unravel vali, the last iranian counter attack to a punch from israel was that very elaborate 300 odd missiles and drones which the united states and saudi arabia and the uae all helped toward off. >> but mainly the united states do you think the iranians will do something like that? because i kind of wonder about that it didn't really, it was a great

show, but nobody in israel died. was it effective? will they do something like that again? >> but clearly it was not effective if israel that felt emboldened to carry out another provocative attack inside iran last time around iran and the united states engaged intensively during that two-week period between the israeli attack in damascus and the iranian retaliation and the israeli retaliation in order to manage and calibrate the iranian response. this was all done through third parties and all iranians have now seen that obviously the united states, much like last time either didn't know or can't contain israel's impulse to escalate. and it doesn't have a say in restraining israel. and the united states, whatever deterrence existed in iranian attack last time in getting washington much more engaged in managing during israel hasn't worked. what iranians are now saying is that they clearly have to do something much more effective against israel in

order to achieve what they did and achieved last time, which is to make israel think twice before it escalates and to really assume that there's a cost to that, to the kind of actions they took in iran what that might look like is, i think is being debated between iran, hezbollah, the houthis, and others. and he's also subject of discussion behind the scenes with the united states, for instance, today the jordanian foreign minister went to iran with a specific message from both the king of jordan and from the united states, which suggests that this is being discussed even between the united states and iran robin, very quickly, you've lived in lebanon for five years. >> how, how dangerous do you think this situation is? could you imagine israel trying to invade lebanon and reoccupied? part of it as it did in the 1980s well, that would be a very dangerous move for israel because it learned during the 18 year occupation from 1982 to 2000 that it couldn't beat his

bulla and had engaged in what was in 2006, its most difficult war in which first one that israel did not win so a problem militarily, but i think volleys right, that there will be a multi-pronged operation. >> that this is very different from what happened in april on that you'll see activity on multiple fronts and because of irans missile arsenal, because of what his bulla has they have reached, what's known as overmatch, the inability of israel to intercept or prevent all of those drones and missiles from hitting israel and the united states will have a critical role in being there militarily to intercept. remember it played a huge role in intercepting more than 80 drones and six ballistic missiles in april, israel will have to have the united states militarily on its side. in order to prevent serious damage if israel attacks, iran attacks well, stay with us. >> we will talk about exactly that. and also, what is the

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>> closed captioning brought to you by guilt visit gilt.com today for up to seven. >> get yours at cardia.com or amazon closed captioning brought to you by guilt, visit gilt.com today for up to 70% off designer brands, it has the designers that get your heart racing had inside a prices new every day curry, they'll be gone in a flash designer sales at up to 70% or so of gilt.com today and we're talking about rising tensions in the middle east with robin wright and vali nasr. >> robin, it seems to me that the biden administration is trying to tamp actions would not back if bibi if he did something, but he has so far called biden's bluff on a lot of this stuff expanded the one gaza when biden has put down some red lines, do you think that a biden is really trying to restrain him and b will be built bibi listening, especially to a president who is no longer even running for reelection for read, i think

president biden has strengths and strong messages, some even in public to bibi about restraining his military operations, whether it's in gaza or in the wider middle east. >> i don't think prime minister netanyahu is listening. he has his very own agenda the political and personal the great danger for the biden administration is that as time is running out, and there had been talks twice this year in oman between iranian and us officials indirectly conducted by oman oman diplomat shuttling between the two delegations. so there is some indication that the biden administration is is interested in trying to de-escalate the issue of both regional tensions iran strikes. and it's what its allies are doing across the region as well as tensions with israel unfortunately, the nuclear deal, the terms of the nuclear deal are almost obsolete and

it's kind of starting from scratch, the timing of the death of haniah was particularly difficult because it came on the day that new president masoud pezeshkian was inaugurated. and that forced his hand, a man who had been talking about easing relations with the outside world for the biden administration dealing with attention to the multi very diverse and disparate players is increasingly difficult. as the focus in the united states shifts to are domestic agenda volley, how does this play in iran? >> because you had a very interesting article in foreign affairs where you were talking about with a coauthor, where you're talking about how this election around because you had a very interesting article in foreign affairs where you were talking about with a coauthor when you're talking about how this election of a new precedent in iran really signals that the iranians are trying a new approach what do you mean well there is a reformist who won the

presidential elections in iran. he ran on a campaign that he wants to reduce sanctions pressure on iran, which means ultimately following up on what robin mentioned those conversation in amman, continuing until there's some kind of an agreement around issues that united states has with their own nuclear regional, et cetera, in exchange for lifting sanctions but the problem here is that the israeli policy and particularly these escalations is it the iran do not create the right environment for that. in fact, going after hernia on the day of the inauguration of this president who wants to start negotiations with the united states, essentially makes it extremely difficult and the onus is, in some ways they view of the riots that the onus is on the united states to show that it can restrain israel and prevented from turning the conversation away from potential and possible negotiation to war i mean, right now, this president was inaugurated. you would upset that this might create,

might've created some kindf momentum for preliminary conversations. and instead, we're talking about a potential war between the united states and iran. as an american warships are going to iran and we may end up being in a very different place. so in a way, the united states is actually chasing israeli policy rather than making its own policy with iran robin, how likely do you think it is that you mentioned there are ten different simmering conflicts going on in the at least on they're all sort of coming together. how possible is it that this time despite the fact that the iranians don't want a war, despite the fact the americans don't we want a war most of these players don't want a full out war we could actually stumble into one absolutely. and that's the real danger and the real tragedy and irony. but when you look at what's been playing out over the past month with the houthis? firing a drone that hit tel aviv with the resumption of attacks on us

forces who are based in syria and iraq up for a totally different reason. they're there to try to contain isis and the resurgence of isis what hassan nasrallah, the head of hezbollah, said just this week when he threatened that we are, this war is entering a whole new phase. and i think, you know, the guns of august is taking on a whole new meaning. and i think the question is, is anybody willing to step back? we saw when us assassinated soleimani iran responded with missiles on us forces. but at the same time sent messages to washington no, we want know, no escalation in april, again, with the strikes by israel on syria iranian generals in syria, and then the iranian response on israel. there was a sense that that was it was a for tat and no further the question is whether this will end in a for tat exchange retaliation by iran for haniah, as death and by israel, by hezbollah for the death of its

commander in beirut or will this continue to unravel at a time when there's no diplomacy and no one's really talking much about gaza. so we're not even dealing with a basic issue that generated this horrendous challenge. >> robin wright vali nasr. thank you both so much very insightful next on gps, we will take a closer look at thursday's historic prisoner swap what's next for the west with its relations with russia? >> i will ask the finance here a long longtime anti-kremlin activists. >> so william browder what the effects of viagra, but faster meat roast parks, they contain. so dana, phil, and to dalla fill with sparks, dissolve under the time dissolvable work faster than old scan pills cia sparks are right for you at row that coast last sparks super

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that magically dissolves in any wash. >> there's no wasteful plastic jug and its water free because as you already have water the future of laundry detergent has arrived. learn more at earth breeze.com on thursday, the world witnessed the largest prisoner swap between the western russia since the cold war russian british journalist vladimir kara-murza was one of those freed after being sentenced to 25 years in prison for criticizing the war in ukraine my next guest is a close friend of kara-muza,

william bradshaw was once the top foreign investor in russia that was until 2005 when he was barred from the country after ics supposing government corruption. >> since then, browder has been one of the kremlin's fiercest critics. he is now sir william browder. welcome, bell. am i supposed to call you serve bill or what? >> that's a you're in old friend, you can call me whatever you want tell me what you make of this deal. >> it seems like the biden administration pulled off something very complex and basically did a good job. would you agree? >> and it's a phenomenal job? it was an act of diplomatic genius for them to be able to get out the three americans, my friend vladimir, a number of other russian opposition politicians and others it required a seven different countries it's almost unimaginable all the different places this deal could have fallen apart, but they were able to pull it off. and most

importantly, i would say that president biden and his team saved the life of vladimir kara murza. he was dying detention. if you look at pictures of him today, he looks like a concentration camp victim. he lost a third of his body weight. it was unbelievable what they were doing to him in the siberian prison. and he would have gotten the same way as alexey navalny had he not been released? >> and you have personal experience of this because your lawyer, who helped expose that government corruption was similarly jailed. and then in an absolutely harrowing series of months died of malnutrition, of beatings and torture yeah. >> that's sergei magnitsky was my lawyer in russia. he uncovered a massive russian government corruption scheme. he exposed it in retaliation. he was arrested by the same officials. he exposed tortured for 358 days in pretrial

detention, and killed at the age of 37 on november 16, 2009. and that's what i've countries to pass. what's called the magnitsky act, which freezes asset and vladimir kara murza, who was just released, join me in that campaign. we got 35 countries to pass. what's called the magnitsky act, which freezes assets that's a russian human rights violators. and then vladimir was targeted and so it's a long string of heartbreak and tragedy that's led us to today, but we can really celebrate that vladimir is safe. he's three, he's alive and so are evan gershkovitz, paul whelan, and all the there is it really as a magnificent moment something to really celebrate in a world where a lot of terrible things are happening. this is one of these moments when we can really just smile and feel good about ourselves for a day or two but let me then ask you about a broader question. well, which is that you know, the financial work very well. you're still a very successful investor why is it that the

sanctions against russia do not seem to have blunted some of putin's ambitions. part of it, i assume is that we do still let himself oil and natural gas, which is inevitable because otherwise it would, oil prices will go to 200 and trigger a recession. but what's your perspective on the sanctions against russia? are they really proving an effective and if so, why? >> well, first of all, i should say that that putin wants us to believe the sanctions are not hurting him, is out there talking real tough as if everything is fine. everything is not fine we've frozen more than $300 of russian central bank reserves in the west we've frozen most of the oligarchs money and the west russian companies, government agencies, have all been blocked from the financial markets. they can't transfer money thousand plus companies have left russia it's a really painful,

difficult, awful situation for putin. but as you mentioned, there is one enormous trucks size loophole in this whole sanctions regime, and that is that while we're doing all this other stuff, we said we don't want to touch oil in russia sells between half 1 billion and $1 a day in hard currency oil. and that money, that hard currency they're using to buy missiles from north korea, drones from iran, and they're using it to pay soldiers to go into battle. and so we have this terrible dilemma, which is on one side we, the united states, europe, everywhere else, is somehow getting money to russia to pay to kill ukrainians and then on the other side, we're having to give money to the ukrainians to fight back. and as you say, if we, if we banned the sale of oil altogether, the oil price would go up and we have another inflation crisis and so we're stuck between a rock and a hard place because as long as putin has the west should just keep the pressure on absolutely that

we have only one choice if putin wins in ukraine, he moves on to the other countries. of europe and the baltics. and then we have a much bigger fight on our hands. at this, this is a cheap way to give the ukrainians what they need to fight off the russian. so we don't have to so william browder. thank you very much. as always, a pleasure thank you. >> next on gps venezuela's president maduro says he won last week the us says his opponent was the real victor will make sense of it all when we come back it's almost time verizon small business days are coming august 5 to the 11th, meet with our experts, get a free tech jack and special offers don't miss that gets started today hey, you've seen in this, right was the main one. >> you're telling me. you can get directv got good stuff and

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presidential elections. >> the election was considered by many the most consequential in years, as incumbent president nicolas maduro has led the country down a path of increasing authoritarianism repression, and economic groin over the last decade before the results had even been formally released maduro declared a decisive victory, a move that most observers have called blatant election fraud since then thousands have taken to the streets to dispute the contested results. many countries around the globe have called into question jim, the results, including the united states, which has formally recognize maduro's or opponent, opposition leader edmundo gonzalez as the winner. my, next guest has dedicated his career to fighting for freedom and democracy in venezuela. leopold are lopez is an opposition leader who spent more than three years in prison for leading protests against maduro. he escaped the country in 2020 and has been living in

exile in spain ever since. paula, welcome, pleasure to have you and your own story is itself fascinating because you ran for president, would disqualified. so you know the mechanics you, what i'm puzzled by a help the world understand incredible opinion polls. the opposition was leading by 40 points against maduro and yet, maduro claims to have one how did they manage election fraud on this scale so thank you very so as you say, all of the opinion polls going into the elections were showing that there's going to be a landslide, 70, 30, the energy of the election industry also was talking that there was going to be a massive, massive participation in favor of edmundo gonzalez. >> the exit polls of the day of the election all show that it was 70, 30. but most importantly all of the

printouts from every single one of the 16,000 voting centers spoke. and it's printed and then results are there 7:30 in favor of edmundo gonzalez? what my daughter did was to basically read out a different result and it's trying to impose a massive fraud on the venezuelan people's will so when, when you look at the situation now how likely is it that they will be able to tamp down on this because maduro has in the past, use a brutal amount of repression, including against you and your party and your movement will they be able to do that again, the army seems solidly behind him well, that's what maduro actually threatened before the election. >> he threatened to have a bloodbath and a civil conflict and that's what he's doing. there's been massive arrest, thousands of people arrested, people that were participating in the voting process as observers local observers were

being arrested but maduro is now naked in front of the country on in front of the world. one thing is to think that we were a majority at different reality is to know massively know in every single state, every single municipality of venezuela edmundo gonzalez, one and madowo, it's a minority. he only has one thing. as you said, he has the military, he has the power to repressive and israel on people to persecute repressed torture and incarcerate at he's doing what i believe that the will to fight of the venezuelan people and the leader for shame of at mundo gonzales and maria corina machado. it's very strong to take this opportunity and make it true transition to democracy as we all hope what do you think the u.s.'s role should be here it has tried everything in stride, sanctions against venezuela. i wonder whether that is the right approach because it is imperative. it is impoverishing people in venezuela and maduro seems

still in charge. what would you advocate the u.s do well, just a brief comment on sanctions. >> many people presume that sanctions were rejected by the venezuelan people and if that was the case, that was the narrative of my luteal and what we have seen is a massive support for change rather than people believing that narrative, i believe sanctions are a tool important. the united states lifted sanctions in the context of the barbados agreement, maduro did not comply to the barbados agreements. so now the united states will need to decide what is he going to do with general sanctions. but then you have individual sanctions its sanctions to those individuals who committed the fraud. individuals who are committing today as we speak hi relations of human rights. i believe that those individuals should be sanctioned by the u.s by the eu and make it clear that there is no impunity to the crime, say are committing at the eyes of the world and the venezuelan

people little paula, when you look at your country over these last this last decade, it must be heartbreaking because venezuela was the richest country in latin america i remember in the 70s and 80s, you know, people from all over latin america used to go to venezuela to work, to get good jobs. >> and now you have 7.5 million people or something like that have fled venezuela it's been more than have fled syria. is it now a failed state? what is going on inside the country well, venezuela has experienced one of the most incredible destruction of the economy over the past ten years. >> he economy collapsed to almost 80%. that's unheard of. it's, there is no record to a similar case that in itself lead to a massive, complex humanitarian crisis that in itself lead to, as you said,

massive exodus over the past ten years, more than 8 million people have left our country. and experts in migration claim that if maduro stays in power, there will be millions of people wanting to leave the country. so i believe that the best migration policy towards venezuela is a transfer to democracy that's the only thing that will keep venezuelans in venezuela. and that will take thousands, hundreds of thousands of so alex to return to our country. but as i said before, we are optimistic because that's what we venezuelans one, we want to be a free nation. we want to be a nation of opportunities a nation of prosperity. and we know that the only way is to get rid of the dictatorship through the vote, as we did and start a new era of democracy, rule of law, and free and fair elections in venezuela. >> the apollo lopez, thank you. terrific. stay safe next on gps

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it's the best seat in the house. get the fastest connection to paris with xfinity. options going on right now. what are you waiting for? >> i had to montgomery in tokyo and this is cnn closed captioning brought to you by mesobook.com if you or a loved one have neizha helium up, we'll send you a free book to answer questions you may have call now and we'll come to you, aidan ready a21, 4,000 now for the last look electric cars have hit a speed bump. for a lightning fast rise, their market share in the u.s. has stagnated this year. companies from ford, gm to test us scaling back plans for electric car production as sales have disappointed, the revolution will still be electrified. just a little more slowly consumers are flocking to hybrids and

companies are racing to roll out new models most hybrids run on a gas engine and an electric battery that work in tandem. much of the efficient kinsey comes from capturing the energy that is normally wasted when you hit the brakes and using it to charge the battery. there's also a growing class of plug-in hybrids which act as fully electric cars until the battery runs out and then a gas engine kicks in hybrids are as efficient as all electric cars, but there are success shows that customers do want to go green and they do want to save money on gas. many just aren't ready to adopt such a new technology as fully electric cars the biggest factor discouraging people is of course, cost according to a recent ap you chicago poll over time, consumers can save on gas and maintenance, but there is a higher upfront cost in buying the car that many can't afford subsidies from president biden's inflation reduction

act to help. but because one of the goals was to reduce dependence on chinese made materials. only a limited number of models qualify for the tax credits even with those electric cars with 300 miles of range still take five to ten years to break even on savings according to a study from january, because there isn't the only problem. another big problem is chargers. the number of public chargers nationwide has doubled since president biden took office from 95,000 to 190,000 but they are unevenly distributed many also don't work six to 22% are estimated to be out of service at any one time. the biden administration secured over $7 billion to install charges and the bipartisan infrastructure law of 2021 based on initial bids that could fund something like 60,000 chargers. but nearly three years after the law passed, the program is

proceeding at a bureaucratic base. only 61 charges have been completed so far everyone got all excited about electric cars and they are the future, but perhaps government and industry should have leaned into hybrids more, which are a bridge to electric there is a danger to have having pushed electric cars too quickly a new mckinsey survey found 46% of american electric car owners are likely to switch back to a gas-powered car far more than in european countries. the government could have also done more to support smaller electric vehicles that are cheaper, more efficient, and easier to charge. things like e-bikes, which nearly got included for subsidies in the ira industrial policy is difficult the government wants to push the market in a certain direction. but bumps up against consumer preferences and facts on the ground policymakers have to wait different priorities and pull off complex tasks.

they have to move quickly, which is not the government's forte. there's no question public investment in cleaner transportation is a good idea. but the private sector in individuals are still going to drive this transition and they seem to be pumping the brakes on electric cars thanks to all of you for being a part of my program this week, i will see you next week daily dose for read and his team. >> now you can get it with for reads globe briefing, the newsletter that gives you the best insight and analysis on global affairs. go to cnn.com slash fareed to sign up meet the jennifer's gen x gen y, and z. each planning their future for the mobile app gen x is planning a summer portugal with some help from jpmorgan wealth plan. that's got whiskers. and why is working with the banker budget for her birthday you only to turn 30 once. and gen z, he credits go then, hello, new apartment

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