i'm pete muntean at reagan national airport this is cnn i'm jessica dean in new york, and we begin this hour with president biden announcing a major policy shift in russia's war on ukraine. biden giving the green light for ukraine to use long range u.s. weapons inside russia, a u.s. official telling cnn those weapons are intended to be used primarily to strike targets in russia's kursk region for now, that is where ukraine made surprise gains on russian territory over the summer. we go now to cnn senior white house reporter

kevin liptak, who's joining us from rio de janeiro, where the g-20 summit is being held. kevin, what more do we know about president biden's decision here well this did come after a lengthy deliberation period inside the biden administration. >> and what officials are telling us is that what tipped the scales was north korea's recent entry into this conflict by sending thousands of troops to join their russian compatriots on the battlefield that essentially was what helped president biden made the decision now to allow ukraine to send to allow ukraine to fire these american provided long range missiles into russia, and american officials do believe that this war is now reaching something of an inflection point as tens of thousands of russian troops massed nr the kursk region as russian president vladimir putin looks to claw back some territory. and as those north korean troops supplement the russian forces in kursk, certainly president biden,

looking to send a message to the north korean dictator kim jong un that he is sending his people to this war at their own peril now, president biden had been coming under intense pressure, not only from the ukrainian president, volodymyr zelenskyy, to allow this new capability, but also from a number of nato allies who argued that preventing ukraine from being able to fire these missiles into russia essentially tied their hands behind their back as they look to gain some momentum on the battlefield. now, we did hear from zelenskyy earlier this evening reacting to this decision. listen to what he had to say plan to strengthen ukraine is the victory plan. i had presented to partners long range possibilities for our army is one of its major points today there is a lot of talk in the media about us receiving a permit for respective actions. hits are not made with words.

such things don't need announcements missiles will speak for themselves for sure don't think can be ignored here is donald trump's return to the white house in two months time. >> president biden and former president trump have vastly different views of the war in ukraine. trump has cast a skeptical eye towards continued american assistance. both military and financial, to ukraine and says that he could resolve this conflict in one day. he hasn't necessarily said how he would do that. but the implication, of course, is that it would require territorial concessions on the ukrainians part, which is something that zelenskyy has said that he is opposed to. and certainly both the ukraine war and trump's return to the white house will be a backdrop for the g20 summit that will begin here in rio de janeiro tomorrow morning. certainly president biden will face a lot of questions from leaders who are looking to ascertain what

exactly the next four years will look like under a donald trump administration. of course, russia itself is a member of the g20 which means that work and progress necessarily been fruitful in this particular forum, but i think this decision today and president biden's efforts to surge assistance to ukraine in his final months in office gives you an indication of how the biden administration is trying as hard as it can to put ukraine in a position in a strong position before he leaves office kevin liptak for us in rio de janeiro. >> thank you so much for that reporting. let's unpack this major change in policy and what it could mean for president-elect trump. joining us now, cnn national security analyst peter bergen and cnn military analyst, retired u.s. air force colonel cedric leighton. good to have both of you here with us colonel, i want to start first with you and and this decision we have talked about this about the

prospect of this now for a while. um, what are your thoughts as we've now arrived at this decision? >> well, jessica it's a, you know, definitely welcome news for the ukrainians. and it may be a little bit too late for them. so this is a good decision as far as it goes. it's going to help the ukrainians in a tactical sense in the kursk region and possibly they may extend the permissions into the belgorod region, which is a neighboring region. and also along the border with ukraine. if that happens, that could do some make some effort, at least at weakening some of russia's abilities against ukraine in those north-eastern areas it won't, however, make much difference in the eastern part of the country, at least not yet. the donbas region, which of course russia has occupied ever since really 2014 for parts of it and 2022 for for the rest of it so it's, you know, it's welcome news for the ukrainians, but it's not

going to be a major game changer at the strategic level. but it could have strategic implications because of limited tactical effects. >> and peter, i'm curious what your kind of thoughts are on how this could potentially impact this war well i think colonel leighton said said it right which is it's late and we've seen this pattern many times before where the ukrainians have asked for a particular weapon systems, and the u.s. >> has spent a long time debating whether or not they should get them worrying, worrying about escalation. and the worries tend to be have tended to be overblown. i mean putin we haven't. we're not in a, you know, some sort of war with putin here. but whether it was the f-16 or the abrams tanks or the himars missiles, exactly the same debates played out. now, the difference here is we're only two months away from the inauguration of the new president. and, you know, typically and of what's going on. i'm just saying that often presidents avoid, um, making major policy changes just in the sort of

period when they're in the lame duck period. um and, you know, this does sort of potentially lock, uh, president trump a bit into a policy decision that he may not agree with, and he may well reverse uh, we don't, you know most predictable thing about president trump is how unpredictable he will be. um, so you know, it remains to be seen, but i, you know, one other quick point. the ukrainians are losing in eastern ukraine. uh, you know they obviously had this surprise incursion into kursk, and it went pretty well, although that may be reversed because putin's putting 50,000 troops, including 10,000 north koreans. but they're not they're losing the war. i think that's pretty well understood. um, and they look at a republican controlled congress, which is not going to be just dying to send billions of dollars more aid. so, you know, it's not looking particularly good for zelenskyy. yes. today's decision is good for him. but in the big picture, i think this is looking pretty bleak

and peter just just kind of getting a little bit deeper into what something you brought up how might this all change when president-elect trump takes office in two months? well you know, he has said it there's there's been some trump proofing. >> so, for instance, in congress, you now have to have a supermajority in the senate or, uh, a vote of the full congress to pull out nato that is a pretty high bar. >> there's a lot of republicans who actually want to stay in nato so, um, you know, trump but trump can do something different. um he can say instead of, you know, i'm going to pull out of nato knowing that that would be very hard from a from a sort of legislative point of view. >> he can just sort of undercut it by his public statements, which he's done in the past. so if he says look, you know, he said publicly, if countries don't pay up to 2% of their gdp, i'm perfectly happy for russia to attack them. so those kinds of public statements by the commander in chief are the most important person in the alliance tend to undercut the

alliance because if there's if there's real concern that the americans will not, uh, you know, uh, you know act when article five might be invoked and the collective right to self-defense that is as good as pulling out of the alliance right, right. >> um and, colonel layton, what are your thoughts on that? just from the military side of things yeah, i think peter has made some excellent points here. >> one of the things that i look at is you know, what happens next, you know, is there another domino that could fall in this particular case? and the eastern flank of nato, poland, the baltic states romania, those countries are very concerned about what's happening in ukraine it would be best from a military strategic standpoint if president-elect trump were to reverse his stance on ukraine. and at the very least, make sure that ukraine's sovereignty is guaranteed because ukraine does serve as a buffer to nato, it does uh, offer that degree

of protection if it is allowed to stay as an independent country so the real goal for from a strategic standpoint, should be to ensure ukraine's independence and make sure that it can function as a viable democratic state that will be probably something that would happen with the loss of territory that, you know unfortunately, is something that you know, appears to be the most realistic outcome in this particular case. how we get to that point and how we end this war is certainly something that would require not only diplomatic efforts, but also the willingness to put military force in certain places to make sure the russians don't advance or feel at least a great reluctance to do so and, colonel, do you think that there could be, uh, additional weapons or additional support that the u.s. >> might give ukraine over these next two months, as we see president biden preparing to leave office i think it's

certainly possible. >> jessica, i think there are certain things well, there are certain things in the supply line that could get there faster. there are perhaps some weapons systems and some aircraft that could be delivered to f-16s, additional f-16s that could be delivered during this period. but most of those would come from countries other than the united states. and that would of course, make a bit of a difference for the ukrainians. they suffered a great attack last night from the russians. the f-16s were used to help fend off some of the drones and missiles that were lobbed against ukraine. so they're being used to some effect by the air defense systems, of course, are critical, whether it's the patriot, the himars systems or others, and those are the kinds of things that need to be there. we basically need to make sure that our defense industrial base is ready to not only resupply ukraine, but also to make sure that our reserves

countries reserves of weapons are kept up to the standard that we need in order to ensure readiness. so those are the things that i'm looking at. i think some of that will be done in the next two months, whether or not that. quote unquote, trump proves anything. that, of course remains to be seen. >> yeah and peter, just quickly, before we let you go, just a last thought to on to just asking you to get your your crystal ball out here but how where might is there any overlap do you see on this issue of ukraine between trump and biden the trump and biden administrations? >> obviously, we have to wait and see exactly what trump will do but are they just diametrically opposed here? >> you know, i think there's more than meets the eye, more overlap. i'll give you a concrete example. you know, if president trump had come out and said to republican lawmakers when that $61 billion package of aid was going to ukraine, if he said, you can't vote for this, it would not have passed and $61 billion is not a small sum of money. it was part of a package that also

gave money to israel a lesser amount so i mean, that actually i think sort of speaks for itself. and it bears reminding that who is the first person to supply the ukrainians with real weapons? it was president trump. he gave them javelin anti-tank missiles, which was something the obama administration had not wanted to do. so i'm not saying there are exactly on the same page, but if you look at the actual history of this, there's more commonality than you might expect all right. >> more to come on this peter bergen and colonel cedric leighton, our thanks to both of you. >> thank you thanks, jessica. as president elect, trump picks some controversial allies to take critical positions in his new administration, some republican senators are going to have to make a choice whether they stay loyal blindly to trump or not. you're in the cnn newsroom the globe to see how these new weight loss medications are transforming lives and disrupting the industry. these drugs are very effective, but

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deserves the right to pick the people who are in his cabinet and for republicans who have the majority in the senate, it should be their job to support the president on this matter. >> now the constitution does say that the senate has a role to advise and consent, and they will have to make that decision whether or not they want to weigh in on some of these candidates especially matt gaetz. and the question remains whether they will have all the information available to them to make that decision the what the fate of this ethics investigation and the and the reports that has that looked into allegations of sexual misconduct by matt gaetz there is a question of whether that will ever see the light of day or whether senators can see it, but it not go public and the speaker himself, mike johnson has weighed in on this and said that he does not believe it should be public and he spoke today with jake tapper on state of the union, where he explained that he is not doing that with any pressure from the president elect

>> and i have literally not discussed one word about the ethics report, not once. and i've been with him quite a bit this week between washington and mar-a-lago and last night in madison square garden few members of the house, especially on the republican side, who are matt gaetz's, former colleagues who are absolutely disgusted with this pick. >> some of them have been sharing stories of what they what they had experienced with matt gaetz over their time together in the house but we are also already seeing some examples of senate republicans who have had bad things to say about gaetz in the past. now sounding more open to his confirmation. for example senator markwayne mullin, he is a senator from oklahoma. he is someone who has had clashes with gaetz in the past. in fact, he once said that gaetz showed videos on the house floor of, quote the girls he had slept with. well today he said that gaetz should get a fair shot and he is open to

considering him for the nomination. jessica. >> all right steve contorno from west palm beach, thank you for that update. and joining me now, cnn senior political analyst and senior editor at the atlantic ron brownstein. good to see you ron i've heard the argument from from many republicans and others calling this election a mandate. they say that that that trump trump's cabinet choices should not really face any opposition, that he not only should be able to select who he wants, but that those people should get confirmed as well. although we are starting to see some pushback from senate republicans on all of those, i'm curious where you think the line is in terms of what the american people thought they were voting for. and if you think this is this is what they thought they were voting for a matt gaetz as attorney general or tulsi gabbard as dni because trump wasn't secretive about a lot of what he plans to do yeah. >> you know, look every

president claims a mandate when they win. when donald trump was elected in 2016 and lost the popular vote, he claimed a mandate. and certainly now when he's going to win the popular vote, although it has fallen below 50%, i believe in the latest tally he will claim a mandate again. i mean, i can point you to lots of examples in the exit polls and the vote cast, which are the two sources we have on what voters were thinking when they went to the polls that shows resistance on the part of the electorate to key elements of his agenda, even as they were electing him. you know, a majority opposed mass deportation a majority wants to emphasize alternative energy, not fossil fuel development. a majority wants the government to do more not less, to provide health care access. a majority supports abortion rights but it really doesn't work that way. you know as a voter, you have the binary choice. you really can't order off some parts of the menu and not other parts of the menu. and whatever hesitations voters had about those positions and about trump's general posture and whether he would steer the country toward authoritarianism

enough voters who held those reservations voted for him anyway primarily because of their concern about the economy and now, you know everyone who voted for him with those kind of hesitations, i think are getting is getting a very clear indication that he intends to push to the max on all of those issues. i mean, that is the real message. you can go through these appointments. the ones that are more conventional and the ones that are not. they all point in the same direction that he is going to move extremely aggressively in the directions that he laid out in the campaign. >> yeah. and that is going to be interesting to see the american people kind of metabolize that and see what that means in real time. and actually see that played out, because to your point, what you can gather from all of these tweets, from most of these choices is, is he's got his foot on the pedal in terms of all these parts of his agenda he had talked about and, you know, we have midterms in two years and the american people will get their say again i suppose, you know, and you

know, you know, it's interesting because i mean you can i have talked to multiple pollsters who have said, look that they would be doing focus groups with voters in october and they would present to them some of the things that those voters might not like. and they basically didn't want to hear it. they wanted they were feeling so economically strained, they believe that trump would, you know, relieve that strain, make their cost of living more affordable, make their economic situation more stable, and they didn't really want to hear about the other aspects of this. but those are going to be unavoidable you know, one quarter of latinos who said they oppose mass deportation voted for trump, one quarter of women, as we've talked about who said they want abortion to remain legal most of the time, voted for trump 1 in 6 voters who said they feared he would lead the country toward authoritarianism voted for trump. and so now, once he is in office and there's not the backdrop of the dissatisfaction with biden, he will face, i think a more kind

of direct assessment of all of these other elements of his agenda. but he was hired to solve the problem. above all, i guess two problems secure the border better. above all, make the cost of living more affordable. if he makes progress on that he'll probably sustain support but if voters start to question that all of these other elements that they were hesitant about, even as they were voting for him, i think could become more of a problem for him and the gop in 2026. >> yeah, it's interesting. and so then you have, you know, i keep thinking about just that the hill and congress and these republican senators who are really going to be pushed to the edge in terms of what they're going to be expected to do by trump to fall in line and confirm all of his nominees, where we're already starting to see some pushback from republican senators who have questions, let's say about some of these nominees yeah. >> and look i mean, i think the very point of many of these nominees is to pressure the

republican senators to do something that they could not have imagined a week ago they would ever consider doing. i mean how many republican senators a week ago thought they could put tulsi gabbard with all of her relations with russia in charge of u.s. national intelligence or matt gaetz with all of the different issues he raises, including being under serious investigation himself as attorney general you know, whatever else you can say about donald trump, he has a great understanding of human weakness almost a feral instinct for human weakness, the kind of nicknames he gives, um, for example. and i think here he is testing republican senators. i mean it's not only about these appointees. it's not only about future appointees. it's really about everything that is on the table. you know, when when they said the sunday before the election his chief immigration adviser said he would he would keep families together during deportation by deporting u.s. citizen kids. that's the kind of thing we're going to have to see if they go forward with are there

republicans in the senate? probably not very many in the house that are willing to draw any kind of line. and i think trump is rather shrewdly in his kind of, you know, traditional almost feral way, uh, testing right now, at the outset are they willing to say no to things that they never could have imagined, even being asked a few weeks ago? and if the answer is that not enough of them are willing to say no, he is certainly going to internalize that lesson. >> yeah yeah, yeah. and how much power are they willing to give up, really? um, ron brownstein thank you so much. good to see you thanks for having me rfk jr. in a position he likely didn't expect to find himself in here in the cnn newsroom. we'll talk more when we come back tonight back to back new episodes of how it really happened wasn't just about tampering. >> it was about evil why did they do it? >> this pathological how it really happened. >> tonight at nine on cnn at

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call now and we'll come to you. >> 808 two one 4000. >> the stuff that he eats is is really like bad it's not campaign food is always bad, but the food that goes onto that airplane is like just poison. >> um it's all they. you have a choice between you don't have the choice. you're either given kfc or a big macs. that's the big that's like when you're lucky and then the rest of the stuff is. i consider kind of inedible that was president-elect trump's pick for secretary of health and human services about a week ago, talking pretty bluntly about trump's diet and the food that's often served on his plane. >> so you can imagine the reaction today when this picture came out and you see

rfk jr. there on trump's plane being served the same fast food he was describing as poison. cnn chief media correspondent brian stelter is joining us now. and, brian, obviously the internet is the internet and people are having some fun with this, saying that he's being hazed. the look on rfk jr.'s face kind of says a lot. i think he does seem to know this photo is going to be used against him in all sorts of ways but let me say, as an avowed mcdonald's fan, as a usually i go for the chicken nuggets. i don't know about you, jessica. this photo and this tension for rfk, this is america in a nutshell. it's the tension between knowing you shouldn't eat it as often, trying to get healthier wanting to have less processed foods in your diet, versus being on the plane and having a big mac. i mean, that that is the tension. and honestly, as rfk heads into this job if he is confirmed, that is literally the kind of drama that he is up against,

right? what americans know, americans know they should do versus what they want so i think there's something deeper to the picture and also, of course, speaks to what happens when you have a new boss, right. rfk is trying to fit in with his new boss, donald trump. >> yeah. and you look at who else is sitting there and who is at the table, who isn't at the table. it is one of those photos that there's a lot to to, to dissect. there well, there's something about, you know political power, right. >> speaker of the house mike johnson has a lot of technical political power but he's not actually at that table right. he's posing from the outside trying to get in on the photo. it is elon musk actually at the table sitting there and dining with donald trump, along with donald trump jr. and rfk. the idea of musk who a year ago was nowhere near donald trump. right. but we see through social media photos how close they've become last weekend we saw trump's granddaughter calling him uncle elon. now we see the photo on the plane. and by the way, did you see how musk eats his french fries? he pours the ketchup right on the

french fries. i don't know what to make of that. people can debate that at home. >> i know i that's i've seen that before. it's one way to go. i do want to ask you about some breaking news. we we just got from mar-a-lago the trump team announcing that his pick to head up the federal communications commission, the fcc, is brendan carr, who is currently the senior republican on this commission. so not someone that's totally unfamiliar with the fcc that's right. >> this is not a household name like rfk, but it's an important pick for an important agency. donald trump has threatened the licenses of basically all the major television networks in the united states. will he push his fcc chairman to follow through on those threats? time will tell. i know brendan carr personally. i saw him earlier this year. he is an affable republican who is who has been on the commission for years. he has been trying to show his loyalty to trump recently for example, the other day he wrote a letter to the heads of all the big technology companies asking about his concerns about social media censorship.

historically, that's not part of the fcc jurisdiction, but carr wanted to raise it, perhaps as part of an audition process for donald trump whether that was an audition or not, it has clearly worked. carr was in line for this job and the big question as he takes the job next year will be about whether he's going to try to go after any of these stations if and when donald trump wants him to punish media outlets. that's going to be a test for carr and the fcc. >> certainly something to watch. all right, brian stelter, as always, thank you. >> thanks. >> we'll be right back >> saturday at nine on cnn want that special something to be there when you can't. >> she sent candles. >> we'll make sure of it. we're the packet. ship. it guarantee its store to helping you give the gifts. the love store. >> we're here to make the holidays happy. we're the one

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exclusively on max two israeli strikes on central beirut today. >> killing at least five people and wounding a dozen more. that's according to lebanon's health ministry. among the dead. hezbollah spokesperson, who has been responsible for the group's media relations for the last decade. israel's escalating attacks coming as sources tell cnn quote, extensive discussions are taking place on a cease fire proposal. nic robertson reports from jerusalem well, mohammed afif was a very significant figure in hezbollah, not and close advisor to their leader, hassan nasrallah, who was killed in that massive israeli airstrike on the 28th of september. >> subsequent to nasrallah's killing, it became a much more sort of publicly engaged figure. he had been running the al-manar tv station, which was

hezbollah's mouthpiece in lebanon, but had given several press conferences over recent months. he was a fairly accessible figure to the media. if you will. why he has been killed now isn't clear. and of course, this does come at a time when lebanese government officials just a couple of days ago had told cnn they expected hezbollah to answer, um, their decision about whether or not they would accept a us proposal, cease fire with israel. that decision was expected in the coming days. by monday, even whether or not this was intended to have some effect on hezbollah's decision making here, of course not uncommon for a sort of high level assassinations, these sort of last minute maneuvers, if you will, ahead of cease fire deals and whether or not that cease fire deal isn't clear. the conditions of the cease fire, according to sources. i've been talking to, had told me that they were

difficult for hezbollah to accept, but it appeared to them at least, that hezbollah was moving in that direction. the assassination attempt or the assassination, rather killing him injuring three others. and that was the fourth attack since 2006. the fourth attack in the center of beirut, but only hours after there was another attack where at least four people were killed, at least 14 injured in that central beirut strike not clear as yet who or what the target may have been there, but these rounds of strikes in the center of beirut, a real upping of the ante if you will, in this conflict with hezbollah. nic robertson cnn, jerusalem israel. >> nic robertson, thank you. >> people in syracuse, new york, are worried about lead in their drinking water. could their pipes be the problem? >> you're in the cnn newsroom

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learning? >> yeah, and that message is not really doing much to comfort them. jessica. residents in syracuse are asking the city to take more aggressive steps. now, all of this started back in august, when the city's water department sent notices to some residents telling them that they had tested several houses and buildings, and that some of them had come back with elevated lead levels. now city officials tell us they went back and redid the test and that they found that some of the tests had been done in error. now, that is not really providing much comfort to these residents, including parents of children who are very worried. as you know, lead is extremely dangerous to children, to pregnant women. and there's nothing you can do to the water in order to eliminate the lead. so they want the city to take action and start repairing and replacing some of these lead pipes. take a listen a lot of

people still don't even know that there's a lead in drinking water problem in the city. >> we need a declaration that will let people know that there's a problem that they need to install filters, and that they need to take action to protect their families. >> you can't boil lead out your water. there's nothing we can do. they have to replace these pipes. they have to give everybody filters. they have to declare a state of emergency, and they have to act on this stuff fast. and urgently. >> now jessica, of the 104 homes that were initially tested, 27 of them. so more than a quarter of them came back with elevated levels. and we have learned that 9% of the children who were tested for lead levels in syracuse, something that medical providers are required to do, showed elevated lead levels in their blood residents asking for an emergency declaration so that they can they can make funding available and start these repairs. repairing and

replacement projects. jessica. all right. gloria pazmino, thank you for that reporting we appreciate it. up next on cnn, doctor sanjay gupta joins us live with a preview of his special report. is ozempic right for you? you're in the cnn newsroom >> back to back new episodes of how it really happened wasn't just about tampering. it was about evil. >> why do they do it? it's pathological. >> how it really happened. tonight at nine on cnn why do nfl players choose a sleep number? >> smart bed. i like to sleep cool. and i like to sleep even cooler. and i really like it when we both get what we want. >> introducing the new sleep number climacool smart bed sleep up to 15 degrees cooler on each side. you when migraine strikes, do you question the tradeoffs of treating with ubrelvy? >> there's another option ubrelvy works fast. most have migraine pain relief within two hours. you can treat it any

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those medications have become known as so-called miracle drugs for people struggling with obesity. and next on cnn. cnn chief medical correspondent dr. sanjay gupta takes us through his year long investigation into these revolutionary medications. and he dives into the question is ozempic right for you what it did help me was not about food. >> my cravings went away. >> those voices in her head that had made her crave food. experts call it food chatter. >> they were silenced. >> and that is part of the magic of these new medications. glp one seems to act in a way that no other known hormone can here's how it seems to work every time you eat all sorts of hormones are released like glp one, they are called post nutrient hormones they travel here to the hypothalamus in the brain to tell you that you are full or satiated. they also travel over here to the pancreas to kick out more

insulin to help absorb the energy you just consumed and also over here to your gut to slow down the emptying, allowing you to better digest your food. >> i thought it was just going to happen in so many ways. it seems like the perfect hormone to help you stop eating as much seem perfect for rashida in that first year, she lost 100 pounds. it changed her life really amazing stories doctor sanjay gupta is joining us now it's great to have you. >> just listening to that, i know you say obesity more of a brain disease and that kind of gets at what you're talking about. there yeah, i think this was one of the most fascinating parts. >> i mean, you know, our understanding of obesity has changed over the last 9 or 10 years. it's now thought of as a disease in and of itself. obesity as a disease. but one of the big components there is you, as you're alluding to, is the impact on the brain. you know, these hormones basically

activate this area in the brain that is responsible for making you feel full. for some people, as i learned, jessica, some people, not everybody, but some people, they just don't feel full. there's not enough of those hormones targeting that particular part of the brain so as a result, they're, you know, when they're eating, they're already thinking about their next meal. so for them, these medications can be can be pretty, pretty helpful and probably really life changing in so many ways. i do think a lot of people wonder about the long term effects of these drugs. >> so let me make two points, because i think this is one of the most common questions we get. first of all, while we have heard about these medications a lot over the last few years, versions of these have been out for close to a couple of decades now. so it's in europe, for example, in denmark, where novo nordisk, the makers of ozempic are. you've seen versions of these medications. so my point being, there is some long term data because of that on these medications. and it's been pretty favorable. i think what we don't know is for people who are taking it off label so

to speak, so they're not taking it because of a medical necessity. we don't really have any data on on what this will be for them. long term. there's just no data that hasn't been studied. but we do know that in addition to fat mass these medications also make you lose muscle mass. and that was one of the big concerns, i think, you know, especially for older people, jessica, you know, it may predispose you to falls shorter lifespan. so really making sure you maintain resistance training when you're on these medications, that was something we heard over and over again from doctors all over the world. >> yeah. that's interesting. and how is the development of these drugs changed our and even your understanding of obesity as a disease, as you took a year to really get all this information? >> it's great being a journalist, right. you can just do these deep dives into this. i think one of the big things was spending time with these geneticists like giles yeo in london. there's a thousand or so genes now associated with obesity. the idea that for some

people, their thermostat is just set differently. you know, when you spend time with patients, jessica, they're eating right. they're exercising. you know, you go grocery shopping with them. you see the kinds of foods that they're eating. and you're thinking, look if i did what they did, i would be of normal weight. and yet they are not like what is different about them? how is their thermostat set differently? that was interesting. and then also, again, the impact of medications like this on people who have those sorts of issues for some people, they've tried all these different medications over the years. nothing has worked. this is the first time they've actually had some success. >> it is so interesting. really fascinating. i know a lot of people are talking about it. doctor sanjay gupta, thanks so much. we appreciate it. >> thanks for having me. yeah, you got it. >> and tune in. doctor sanjay gupta reports is ozempic right for you? it's airing next only on cnn. and i want to say thanks