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get this beautiful natural coverage. learn more at laura geller.com. >> news night with abby phillip weeknights at 10:00 eastern on cnn this is gps, the global public square. >> welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria coming to you from new york. today on the program, major escalations on both sides of the war in ukraine president biden authorizes kyiv to use american long range weapons inside russia and moscow steps up its air attacks and loosens its policy for using nuclear weapons. i'll talk to ukraine's former foreign minister dmytro kuleba about where the war goes from here. then former treasury secretary larry summers joins me to discuss the trump economic team and its policies

leading source of new electricity capacity in america. >> we will drill baby drill. >> will donald trump reverse this green tech revolution? >> frac frac frac and drill. drill, drill. >> or is it here to stay donald trump's recent announcements. the one that intrigues even excites me. the most is the establishment of doge, the misnamed department of government efficiency misnamed because it is really a non-governmental advisory body that will work with the white house, not any kind of department inside government. elon musk and vivek ramaswamy who will be in charge of doge, are both brilliant and the federal government has clearly become too expansive and its too cumbersome. there are over

regulations. surely it's worth taking a closer look at them and retiring many observers have pointed out that the duo's efforts will be much harder to achieve than they imagine. washington may be quite inefficient, but most of what it does is write checks with great efficiency. social security, medicare, medicaid unemployment insurance and other mandatory programs make up around 60% of the federal budget. donald trump has often said he would protect most of the spending next is the department of defense had over $800 billion, which has generally been considered untouchable for political reasons, though it is probably the department that most desperately needs to be streamlined. america has four different air forces the air force itself, the army's air force, the navy's air force and that of the marines after the pentagon comes interest on the debt. also untouchable, which

is almost as large as the pentagon's budget. what is now left is about 15% of the federal budget, which includes certain veteran's benefits agricultural subsidies, spending on roads and highways, et cetera. to achieve the $2 trillion spending cuts that musk has often talked about, he would need to eliminate all of the spending and all of the pentagon spending. and then he'd still have work to do but i do support the impulse to reform and not just because i think it will force greater scrutiny and efficiency to government, which needs it. the duo will also force the country and especially the republican party, to confront a reality that it has danced around for decades. the moderate republican party was forged in opposition to franklin roosevelt's new deal. ever since the 1930s, the party's strongest ideologues have promised to repeal the new deal and dismantle the architecture

of the federal government. that was largely constructed by fdr. but they never did. the first republican president to occupy the white house after fdr and truman was dwight eisenhower, who largely accepted roosevelt's legacy. next, in 1968, came richard nixon, who actually expanded it, establishing new agencies like the epa and proposing a version of universal health care. believe it or not. all this infuriated conservatives who kept urging political prominence in a nationally televised speech. he made on barry goldwater's behalf against a growing government and deeply skeptical of farm subsidies and programs like medicare and social security, warning of socialism that would doom the american republic to a future of tyranny and unfreedom. but of course, during his two terms in office, reagan never seriously tried to repeal social security or

medicare. in fact, federal debt held by the public as a percentage of gdp grew under reagan. it's worth noting that the only president to balance the budget since 1969 was bill clinton ramaswamy and musk have both taken to posting a clip of economist milton friedman on their social media, in which he argues for a very limited role for the federal government. ironically, this role would not seem to envision any support for things like evs and civilian space programs which have helped create the bulk of elon musk's fortune. but what decades of public policy seem to have revealed is that friedman's vision has little support in the u.s.. we are where we are because the american public has voted for republican levels of taxation and democratic levels of spending, which leaves a gap that can only be filled by borrowing. there's a strong

argument that the u.s. debt is on an unsustainable path, especially when you consider the rising costs that will come as more and more baby boomers retire. but slashing federal spending dramatically will almost certainly cause an economic downturn recalled europe's experiment with austerity in the 20 tens. the central lesson of macroeconomic policy in recent decades has been that government spending now constitutes a large enough part of the economy that cutting it drastically can lead to a downward spiral of reduced consumer spending and declining confidence. your expenditure is my income. the us federal government is smaller than much of the industrialized world in terms of spending. as a percentage of gdp. it's still desperately needs reform and streamlining, but conservatives have long argued that it needs to be much much smaller. in fact, a good part of the rage that has built up among parts

of the republican base over decades has been centered on the notion that party leaders have promised repeal again and again, but never delivered with doge, we may finally get an effort to actually deliver on the central republican promise of the last 70 years, and we will find out what america thinks of it. go to cnn.com, slash fareed, for a link to my washington post column this week and let's get started finally gave kyiv the green light to use long range american weapons against targets inside russia. the approval came after months of ever more impassioned pleas from president zelenskyy and other officials ukraine lost no time in using these weapons to

strike deep into enemy territory. after biden's decision, vladimir putin updated russia's nuclear doctrine, warning that russia could respond with nuclear weapons to any attack by a non-nuclear state that is backed by a nuclear power. joining me now is dmytro kuleba. he was until recently, ukraine's foreign minister. dmytro welcome. how worried are you that russia is going to now start using more intercontinental ballistic missiles, more firepower as a way to up the ante as a kind of punishment to ukraine for striking into its territory well i will not conceal that people in ukraine are nervous about this latest, latest strike. >> and the announcements by putin that other strikes with intercontinental missiles will follow. but at the same time, i

recall autumn 2022, when we experienced the first combined missile and drone attacks on our cities and i can compare those feelings in the end to year two and a half years after we are used to live with this. so in a nutshell, will this putin's new strike break ukraine down no. uh, will it create kind of internal pressure and people will be will be terrified for some time? yes. but we will live through that. >> so tell me, there must be nervousness in kyiv around the new trump administration. well, how everyone wants to to look at it. it does feel like there's a risk that trump will pressure ukraine to take a deal that is more favorable to russia. he doesn't seem to particularly have much

affection for ukraine. he did try to blackmail zelenskyy and it didn't work. the people around him, like his son jd vance, have said pretty nasty things about ukraine all this must cause a fair amount of of worry in ukraine, right? >> the question that you just posed could be easily asked back in 2016. you remember that when president trump took the office for the first time, everyone was talking about the big deal with russia and ukraine was anxious about the prospect of being traded off as a part of a broader arrangement between trump and putin. but it never worked out. and there was no big deal. and it ended up with trump imposing sanctions on most important personal gas project for president putin nord stream two, with selling javelins, the weapons to ukraine and other stuff. so we and we, we are not wearing rosy

glasses. uh but we remember history. >> but before i mean, if i can just press you on that before in 2016, you did not have the phone call the effort to get ukraine to investigate biden, the failure of that effort, the impeachment that took place around that, the souring of the views of people like don jr. and of course, jd vance who is the vice president, who has outlined a peace plan that is essentially putin's peace plan. >> yeah, i mean, the situation is not exactly identical, but what i know for certain is that first, zelenskyy will not lean under pressure second, ukraine will not agree to any quick solution. third, because because this solution will be done at expense so i do not expect any quick ending of the war or the ceasefire. and third, most importantly, i

would like to remind everyone that the key to peace lies in moscow, not in kyiv. >> you know what people say about an eventual deal that the deal that is there to be had is that russia will essentially keep the parts of ukraine it has conquered, which is about 18 to 20% of ukraine, including crimea, and that ukraine will in return get some kind of security guarantee from nato, perhaps membership, perhaps the security guarantee on the road to membership. um, is that fundamental structure acceptable to ukraine? >> again fareed was was with utmost respect. i think we should not start the conversation with what ukraine is ready to accept uh, we should put full responsibility on the side that launched this war and first structured the approach or the plan in a way

that will make russia stop the war. so based on what i heard, if i turn the question and ask the same question to russia, will putin accept that his de facto control over occupied territories will not be legally recognized? i doubt he will accept that second, he has been very consistent in arguing that he will not accept membership of ukraine in nato. and third, he even recently said that even if there is a pause in the war this pause should not be used to arm ukraine and to make it stronger. so if i ask the same question you asked to me if i ask it, if i ask if i address it to to putin, uh, these are the challenges that that i see in answering it and in accepting the proposal that some are alluding to dmytro kuleba pleasure to have you on

next on gps, i will talk to the man who warned of the last inflation crisis about how the next one could happen under donald trump. >> when we come back >> find out who will be named the cnn hero of the year. >> sunday, december 8th at eight on cnn deals with any six inch sub weight. >> subway did what dad yep for a limited time. >> get any six inch sub chips and a drink all for just 6.99. >> it's time for the main event wayfair's black friday savings spectacular is here right now. get up to 80% off furniture and cookware, holiday decor and more at wayfair's. lowest prices of the year. plus score 24 hour flash deals. you have to see to believe and get free shipping on everything. save up

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rescue plan into law in march of 2021, and within months inflation took off, peaking at 9% in june of 2022, up from 1.4% in january of 2021. it wasn't entirely biden's fault, but anger over inflation is one reason kamala harris is believed to have lost the election to donald trump. so perhaps trump's transition team ought to listen to summers, who is now warning that trump's proposed economic agenda could cause an inflation shock that would outstrip anything we've seen in recent years. joining me now to discuss all this is larry summers. first, let me ask you larry. um, there are people sympathetic to trump who may or may not be in part of the administration in the future arguing that the kind of analysis you're making is all wrong because look at the stock market, look at the stock market after trump's election. it's booming. clearly,

everybody thinks that america is going to do very well the dollar is strong. what do you make of market signals after the election markets go up. >> markets go down. their record in predicting inflations isn't very good. i think it's much better to just look at the facts and the policies. and i don't know what's going to happen. and it's very complicated process but if they were literally implemented, i have little doubt that the trump program is a far larger stimulus to inflation than anything that president biden enacted. >> so give us give us the outlines of why you think the trump program is so it could cause so much inflation. what are the key components that you worry about inflation. >> like anything else, fareed in economics is determined by demand and supply. on the demand side, it's off to the

races in the trump program. they're going to substantially bloat the budget deficit by enacting and continuing all the tax cuts and a lot of new ones by abandoning the independence of the fed and pushing it to pursue looser policies and, of course very importantly, by trashing the dollar and hoping for a lower dollar. all of that is on the demand side that's probably larger or as large as anything that president biden did. but what's really different about the trump program is the supply shock that it administers to the american economy across the board, tariffs and massive tariffs on chinese goods mean that everything we import everything that competes with things that we import, everything that uses an input

and imported good is going to be jacked up in prices. and these are tariffs not just going up a bit. these are far larger increases than president trump imposed in the first term. the other important part of the trump program is the crackdown and the contemplated deportation of substantial numbers of workers. the reason why inflation settled down to the extent that it has is that we went from a labor shortage economy to a labor balanced economy, but if you start deporting millions of workers, which is what the president keeps talking about, that's going to create labor shortages and labor shortages particularly in industries that are sensitive, like agriculture, which determines food prices like new home construction, which has a lot to do with house prices. so supply side, big upward shock

demand side massive stimulus collision. the result is going to be higher prices and an inflation dynamic. and that's going to permeate into the psychology. >> so tell me also do you worry that this is going to be know favored businesses? >> do well businesses that are not favored don't. i noticed, you know, elon musk's stock price, the tesla stock price has gone up 40% since trump got elected nothing economically has changed about tesla. the assumption is that he will get some kind of favorable deal or what i think you get to a really crucial issue on what you might call rules based market economy versus a deals based market economy. >> you know, if you look in the united states, our stock market valuations for a given company or a given flow of cash are

higher than they are almost any other place in the world and that's because people rely on our legal system. they rely on the rule of law. the security of property rights, the enforcement of contracts. and if we start doing all kinds of special ad hoc deals for and against companies we're going to put that at risk. and so i very much hope that's not a direction that the new i think we probably had have had in the past too much interference in the specific rules of capitalism and i hope that's something that we will avoid going forward. >> larry summers, always good to talk to you. >> thanks next on gps, what will trump's second term mean for climate change? >> will america and the world go back on many of the areas they have moved forward? i'll

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author of a recent bestseller, what if we get it right? visions of climate futures. welcome. >> thanks for having me. >> tell me what when you look at it, what does trump's victory mean for climate change for particularly these kind of global conferences? they seem that for them, the prospects look bleak, right? >> yeah i mean, everyone at the cop29 conference was watching for the results from maricopa county arizona. right? like it's this wild world we live in where these swing states determine not just u.s. climate policy, but influence the global landscape. trump pulled the u.s. out of the paris agreement before, as you mentioned, and we can expect him to try to honor his word, to do the same thing. >> what does that mean? >> because it seems like, you know, this is the these countries sign up to these pledges. they're very long term in the future. many of them have no plan for actually doing what they're claiming to do. it feels it feels a little bit performative where, you know, the germans are still

burning coal it feels like, okay it's symbolically bad, but is it actually bad? >> ironically, the country that does have really good plans is china. they make their five year plans and they meet those goals that they set a lot of countries have plans. one of the biggest challenges is supporting developing countries with the financing. to do this, clean energy transition. so it looks like all the other countries are going to stay in, even if the u.s. leaves. and it just means we all have a lot more work to do on the local level. if the federal government is going to abandon its responsibility to keep americans safe from climate impacts, we now have an experiment because we tried that was what was tried in trump won. >> yeah. how much can local governments state governments do? >> a lot. thankfully. i mean, this is the work that we do at urban ocean labs supporting coastal city governments in adapting to impacts of climate

change that are specific to this ocean climate interface. thinking about infrastructure thinking about how to deal with sea level rise offshore renewable energy, climate driven relocation. >> can i just. yeah. >> the stuff you just talked about seems to me so smart, because some part of global climate change has already happened. sea levels are rising. you have to adapt to it. yeah. do you think the trump administration would be hostile to that? because it's not saying, you know, we're going to turn back climate change, saying it's here we're trying to figure out how to most of them are on record saying that the climate crisis isn't real so it's not like we're arguing about what to do about it. >> we're arguing over whether it even exists, which is a >> they would be interested in an adaptation in you not from anything that they've said. >> right. if we look at who's been nominated for the department of energy for the like climate crisis what crisis? people like lee zeldin, who's nominated to head epa, who has one of the worst ratings possible from the

league of conservation voters at 14%? my glimmer of hope, i will say, is that clean air and clean water pulls very well across the political spectrum. all americans want that. so if we can reframe this as an issue of reining in pollution as opposed to greenhouse gases, which people are sort of bored talking about then i think we have a chance and a lot of the really incredible legislation passed by the biden administration, the inflation reduction act, 85% of the benefits of that have gone to deep red republican districts all these hundreds of thousands of new clean energy jobs in manufacturing battery plants, electric vehicles. they don't want to lose those jobs, even though none of them voted for it. there is this possibility that it's been so beneficial economically that the clean energy transition will just continue. it's just a matter of how quickly. and this really is a race against the clock. >> are there any places, from

your point of view that it's possible to be optimistic about with the trump administration? i mean, he did talk about trees for example i'm i'm certainly not looking to the white house to trump for leadership on climate. >> i'm thinking very much about what cities can do, what states can do that's where a lot of the implementation of anyway from green buildings to public transit to protecting and restoring ecosystems. but if we look to the 100 plus regulations, the last trump administration rolled back for environmental protections for those clean air and clean water protections, i would just the things that trump has been very consistent on, on the campaign trail has been his desire to eliminate tax credits for electric vehicles on day one. so if anyone watching wants to buy an electric vehicle or install solar panels or get an induction stove, get those while the tax credits are still there through the biden administration's inflation

reduction act but i think a lot of this remains to be seen and a pleasure to have you on. thank you. >> the book is what if we get it right? next on gps, the promise and perils of artificial intelligence. i will talk to the former google ceo, eric schmidt were being held hostage. >> i was being led across the embassy compound. people were running up to me shouting death to america! >> the iran hostage crisis. how it really happened. tonight at nine on cnn >> chewy order for coal is on the way because mom and dad told the girls if they weren't on their best behavior, this year, they'd get coal family, mom and dad use chewy to get everything delivered in time for the holidays at prices everyone feels jolly about for

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of computer chips specialized for artificial intelligence, claimed its place as the world's most valuable company. >> this week, it reported an astounding 94% increase in revenue from last year. the ai revolution is most certainly upon us. but is the world prepared for the scale and speed at which it will advance and are there enough safeguards against the dangers that it poses former google ceo and executive chairman eric schmidt has coauthored a new book on the very topic, titled genesis artificial intelligence hope and the human spirit. his coauthors are the illustrious late diplomat henry kissinger and the former microsoft executive craig mundie. i should note i'm a senior advisor for eric's philanthropic ventures pleasure to have you on. >> great to be back. >> so for you, you've been writing about ai and studying it very closely for a while now you write in the book that the

we're going to get to the point where the ai will start writing its own code and setting its own objectives that sounds scary explain what you mean. >> and is it scary? >> it's very scary. and it goes something like this today programmers are using roughly these systems for half of their coding. most people think that eventually most programs will be written by the ai itself. when the program can rewrite itself, which is called recursive self-improvement, it's going to gain much quicker than we can evolve as humans. what's going to stop it? how do you contain it? how do you make sure it doesn't learn to lie, to deceive to do terrible behaviors that we can't monitor and just to understand that, so will it. >> when it does this recursive self-learning, will it be doing it towards some objective, some broad objective we have given it? or can it alter that objective itself?

>> well, in the short term, humans control these things. so everything you use today some humans said learn this. you know go find this and so forth at some point, if the system is organized around curiosity and to seek power and influence it could begin to set its own objective functions. the technical term is objective functions. it's what it trains against so you could have a situation where the system decides that the most important thing is to learn everything, and then begin to do things and lie about them, right. so we couldn't monitor it there is a set of triggers. one is where it begins to learn on its own. another is where the agents begin to talk into non-human languages. so we can't see what they're doing. a third would be when the system says hey, i want to make copies of myself, and it doesn't bother to ask the human for permission. these are trigger points i want to say, by the way, that everyone's always concerned about the killer robot in these because of all the movies, i'm much more concerned about bad humans, right evil humans using this in

nefarious ways in our book, we spend a lot of time talking about polymaths. polymaths are incredibly important. you know all about this einstein and so forth and so on. these systems will effectively put a polymath in the pocket of every person on the planet. we're not ready for that but that sounds good depends on your view of good and evil, right? you and i are both optimists. we believe in essential human nature, but we know that there are, that there are evil. and i also think that you're going to see a change in world order. we talk about this in the book at quite some length. as you know, doctor kissinger was the author of the world order ideas. and in a situation where all of this progress is driven by a democratic model that comes out of the united states and our allies, the uk mostly, and chinese, which is not driven by a democracy that fight is the fight for the ages because if the competition is for

there first can apply it to even scale and stay even farther ahead. it's a real race. >> you've said that the u.s. is ahead by how much and how worried should we be that that late lead could slip? so far, it seems as though you know all the the major research is coming out of the u.s. >> two years ago, i told you here that we had a two year advantage against china. it looks like it's over. china has now released three models in the last month and they all have the same opportunity. and power that the american models and i go how did this happen? right. we have all of these sanctions. we have all of these ways in which this incredible hardware that nvidia makes and others is not available to the chinese. well, we don't fully know but we do know that with enormous amount of money and the great talent in china which is very real, they are very close. it's very different now than two years ago, but they're in the race and they're in the race of the most important technology that will ever be invented in our lifetimes. because the arrival of a

non-human intelligence with this kind of power under our control is very important go through the scenario where china ultimately beats us and it reflects chinese values, which are not democratic. and it inures to benefit the chinese government, which is a monopoly as opposed to the democracies of the world. >> before i let you go, i have to ask you about your multibillionaire technologist there is another multi-billionaire technologist very close to the new white house. the new president. what do you think of elon musk? his his involvement in politics? is it basically good? but does it worry you how do you think about it? >> it's too new to know. we've never seen this kind of a partnership elon is a truly brilliant man. if you look, he bought twitter lost a lot of money, used it to help get the president elected, made all the money back and now has an influence that's far greater than any other technologist in history, including people like bill gates and so forth. we'll see

probably positive for technology, and it's certainly positive for elon's businesses on that note, eric schmidt, always a pleasure. >> thank you. >> next on gps. some good news for the future of the economy. and what it has to do with ai. i'll explain when we return the situation room with wolf blitzer weeknights at six on cnn. >> this is the amazing contour mask, the omni luxe clear. >> one of my favorite brands. >> one of my favorite technologies. >> the rolls-royce bren light. >> ta da! this is the best. >> my skin has been ever. >> red light therapy has done so much for my skin. >> less inflammation basically cleared up i had a full face of cystic acne. >> it has quite literally transformed my skin. it's just really life changing for me. >> my skin has overall just been so much healthier. it has transformed my skincare routine

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look. >> we know from the u.s. election that people feel gloomy about the american economy. data about low unemployment and softening inflation doesn't seem to change the vibe but here's a trend that you may not have heard about that offers real hope for the future economic growth comes when either more people are working or each worker is becoming more productive and productivity is finally surging after a long stretch in the doldrums. essentially, if a worker built 100 cars one year and the next year 102 cars, productivity rose by 2%. nationally, productivity grew in the 1990s by an average of 2.3% a year, and in the 2000 by 2.8%. but in the 20 tens, productivity fell to only 1.1% growth, a year. two possible explanations

computers and the internet boosted productivity, but could only go so far and innovation dried up because there was a slump in entrepreneurship. now productivity seems to be getting back on track. it rose slightly during the pandemic, and since then has soared to 2.6%. it's too soon to say whether we're in a long term productivity boom, but so far this rising productivity has helped america pull off the balancing act of bringing down inflation without causing a recession several forces may be driving productivity. millions of people quit their jobs during the pandemic's great resignation and started new businesses that entrepreneurial spirit economy. remote work has become widespread, saving people time on commuting and giving employers a bigger pool of candidates to find the right hire. a tight labor market and high interest rates have forced companies to figure out how to

do more with less. many people are also wondering if ai is part of the story. ai is still at an early stage of adoption so experts think it's probably not having a huge impact on the figures. that's actually good news because ai has unbelievable productivity in the near future. companies are just beginning to show what i can do. as the new york times reports. banks want to streamline the time consuming tasks of analysts and are experimenting with tools that digest mountains of data and draft complex legal documents. farmers can use new ai enabled equipment to pinpoint weeds when spraying herbicides, cutting chemical use by around 70 to 90%, and improving crop yields. amazon is launching a tool that will save drivers time by highlighting the next package they should grab so they don't have to rummage around. goldman sachs thinks widespread adoption of ai could

increase annual productivity growth by 1.5 percentage points for a decade. ai is the economics commentator scott galloway puts it, is like corporate ozempic. he sees ai as a miracle drug for companies to slim down their workforce while at the same time creating jobs and new ai driven businesses. it's also worth mentioning the potential benefits from actual ozempic. obesity tends to make people sicker and sicker workers miss more work days. sicker workers are less effective on the job and drop out of the workforce. for these reasons, goldman sachs notes obesity related diseases drag down gdp by about 1%. ozempic could help people be healthier and boost the labor force and productivity in the process, by the way. ai is also starting to be used in health care to improve diagnoses and identify new drug candidates and my book, age of revolutions, i wrote of two

technological revolutions that are reshaping the world information technology and biotechnology. like any revolutions, they will be disruptive and scary. some people will suffer negative consequences but the wave of innovation we are experiencing has the potential to create extraordinary productivity and usher in a new era of broad prosperity. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week there were 66 americans that were being held hostage. >> i was being led across the embassy compound. people were running up to me shouting death to america! >> the iran hostage crisis. how it really happened tonight at nine on cnn. >> my moderate to severe crohn's symptoms kept me out of the picture with skyrizi feels symptom relief at four weeks, many people were in remission at 12 weeks at one year, and even at two years. >> don't use if allergic. serious allergic reactions increased infections, or lower

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