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>> and elon musk's department of government efficiency wants access to incredibly sensitive taxpayer information at the irs. a source telling cnn that access is imminent. but what will musk and his team do with that personal data once they get it? we're following the very latest and on the brink of eruption. right now, experts are keeping their eye on a volcano in alaska after signs of unrest, as they put it. they say there's a 5050 chance that it erupts. we're following these major developing stories and many more, all coming in right here to cnn news central. >> we are now just hours away from the start of face to face meetings between u.s. and russian officials, aimed at ending the war in ukraine. secretary of state marco rubio and key negotiators are already on the ground in saudi arabia. and today they met briefly with crown prince mohammed bin salman at the royal palace in riyadh. ahead of tomorrow's talks, it's

important to point out, though, who is not at the table? who isn't there as ukraine, the country that was invaded by russia, hasn't been invited. europeans are also being excluded from these talks, prompting them to hold an emergency summit today in paris. we're going to have more on that meeting a bit later. let's begin with cnn's alex marquardt in saudi arabia. alex, please set the scene for us. what are you hearing ahead of these talks? >> maurice, we have not seen a meeting like this between the russians and the americans for three years now, since this war in ukraine began. so it is going to be remarkable to watch. there's been a fair bit of criticism of the trump administration, essentially, for bringing the russians in from the cold after they have been shunned by the west, by europe, by the united states for the past few years. the defense from the trump administration is that in order to get to a peace deal, you can't only talk to your friends, you need to talk to adversaries as well. but, boris, i think you're absolutely right. this is about is as much about who will be at the table as who

is not. it is going to be the u.s. and the russians, along with the saudis, mediating, of course, most notably, ukrainians will not be there. we heard from a very frustrated president volodymyr zelenskyy earlier today saying that he didn't even know about this and saying that he will never agree to anything about ukraine unless ukraine has a say. and then there's the question of the europeans. after all, this war is taking place on the european continent. and trump's envoy for ukraine keith kellogg, saying over the weekend very clearly that the europeans will not have a place at the table. he said this is going to be between ukraine and russia, with the u.s. moderating that discussion. but the secretary of state marco rubio softened that a little bit on sunday, saying that the russians will or the excuse me, the europeans will have a role. take a listen. >> if it's real negotiations and we're. >> not there yet. but if that were to happen, ukraine will have to be involved because they're the ones that were invaded and the europeans will have to be involved because they are they have sanctions on putin

and russia as well, and they have contributed to this effort. we're just not there yet. >> the europeans would say, absolutely, they did contribute to this effort. in fact, the european union contributed more to ukraine than the united states has. but the u.s. has consistently said that they will take into consideration all the positions and stances of the europeans. but this is going to be an effort that is spearheaded by the americans as this unfolds in the coming days. it's going to be very interesting to see what discussions take place. but at the same time, we have heard the secretary of state saying it is going to be several weeks before they know whether the russians are serious about these conversations. this is not something that we're going to expect to be solved immediately. boris. >> alex marquardt live for us in riyadh. alex, thanks so much for the update. let's pivot and take you to the white house now with white house reporter kevin liptak. it seems that president trump, kevin is in a hurry to

expedite the end of this war. it is that at the expense, potentially, of the europeans and ukrainians? >> yeah. there's no question that president trump wants to see this ended. and you'll remember, boris, he actually promised to end the ukraine war within 24 hours of taking office. of course, that deadline came and went, but it is very evident that he is in a rush to sit down with president putin. you heard them talk on the phone for 90 minutes last week, and now he seems intent on thawing relations with moscow, and that is generating an enormous amount of concern in europe. and just the setting for these talks, i think, illustrates that alone. you know, american presidents have sat down with their russian counterparts in vienna, in geneva, in iceland, but never before in saudi arabia, a place that sort of separate and apart from the european continent. and i think that illustrates sort of the concerns that russians had about hosting this meeting in the very continent where the

conflict is unfolding. and i think it just illustrates sort of the intent of president trump to come to a solution that he thinks can end this conflict. but when you listen to president zelenskyy, the real concern is what security guarantees will ukraine get out of these negotiations? you've already seen the united states offer up this proposal, whereby they would receive some of ukraine's rare earth minerals, but they didn't come along with the security guarantees that zelenskyy was necessarily hoping for. so i think there are a lot of questions going forward about how exactly does the united states and how does president trump bring zelenskyy along in these negotiations to secure a lasting peace? similarly, in europe, the united states expects the europeans to play a role in the postwar ukraine. but at this point, they aren't at the table to actually determine what that settlement would look like. and i think that's part of the reason why you see the french president, emmanuel macron, bringing together european leaders in paris today

at this emergency summit to try and ascertain where exactly they stand. now, we do understand that macron spoke to trump for about 20 minutes before convening those meetings. we also are now learning that the british prime minister will be at the white house in the coming week to talk to the president, as they all try and get on the same page on this conflict and ending it as soon as possible. >> really significant details there about communication between european officials and the white house. kevin liptak, thank you so much. let's get the latest on this emergency summit in paris. that's where we find cnn's melissa bell. and melissa, you just spoke with nato's secretary general. what did he share with you? i absolutely. >> well, look, he was coming out of this very hastily convened meeting. clearly, europeans were blindsided by what they heard over the course of the weekend. met here to try and figure out how they're going to continue to weigh, not just on the negotiations about the future of ukraine, but european security generally. and what mark rutte,

who's the secretary general, just told us, is he came out, said in fact, the meeting had been very positive. europeans are agreed on the fact that they need to increase in line with what president trump has been asking for many years now. their defense spending as a proportion, their gdp. he suggested they need to get to 5%. many of them are determined to do so. but the real question the hardest meeting was how can they continue to be relevant to this fight for ukraine? what this secretary general said was that he believes that whilst it is important that these negotiations get underway initially between the united states and russia, ultimately it will be important that ukrainians find themselves around that table. the table, after all, that will be deciding on the future, not just of the 6 million ukrainians currently living under russian occupation, but the entire country and its future. i asked him also about the u.s. defense secretary's comments in brussels last week, the fact that he did not see ukraine's future in nato.

remember that this was not only the position of the former american administration, but also considered one of the key pieces of leverage that ukrainians might have going into negotiations about their future. what the secretary general had to say was that the american position is now, that that should not be a part of the negotiations of a peace deal, but it does not mean that ukraine will not be joining nato. ultimately, he believes that it will in that process is well underway. boris. >> melissa bell reporting for us live from paris. thank you so much, melissa. brianna. >> with us now to talk more about these developments. we have jeffrey edmonds. he's a former director for russia at the national security council. he served under both the obama and trump administrations. he's also a senior fellow at the center for a new american security. jeff, thank you so much for being with us. how are you seeing this? is the u.s. reading this right, having talks without ukraine? >> i don't think they are. i think that ukraine. ukraine has a vote in this. i think there's this misperception that we can

just stop things, or that we're in complete control of the situation. but like i said, ukraine has a vote. but what i think is more important is that i don't think that anything meaningful is going to come out of these negotiations or any negotiations, as long as putin believes that he's winning and that he can achieve his goals, as long as that's the case, he's going to use these as a distraction and going to continue to push in the east. >> so talk a little bit more about what you would expect to see then. so how does he actually view these talks? >> well, i think putin, if we're talking about putin, he views these talks as a way of getting out of isolation. um, this weakens the, the, you know, the basically the coalition or the group of countries that have come together to oppose russia. it weakens that to a degree. and so i think he thinks he's these are wonderful. and putin is always willing to talk. right. it's whether or not he's actually willing to do anything. and i think he's going to use it as a distraction as long as he thinks he can achieve the goals he set out in the beginning. and that's a ukraine that is not oriented towards the west. it's oriented towards russia. >> when putin hears trump say.

that legitimizing their concerns about nato expansion or nato on their doorstep, saying that they should be able to rejoin the g-8, and he hears initially at least, defense secretary hegseth taking nato membership off the table in these talks, along with other important potentially bargaining chips. how does putin read that kind of rhetoric coming from the u.s.? >> i think he wants to take advantage of it. these are all of the things this is the narrative that that, you know, has been coming out of the kremlin for decades, that nato expansion has been a threat to russia, even though it's not. um, and that the only reason this is happening is because of nato's actions. and that's just simply not not true. so i think he's going to take advantage of these as much as he can. but again, as long as he believes he can get what he wants, the way that he wants to get it, he's going to keep pushing in the east. >> so ukrainian president zelenskyy is he's making no bones about it. he's very unhappy with how this is going down. and he's saying they're not going to agree to anything brokered about ukraine without

ukraine. how are you reading that? i mean, is he really in a position to say, no, i'm not i'm not going along with anything you guys come up with? >> i think he is. i mean, clearly ukraine is dependent on u.s. and european aid. um, but that doesn't mean that if that stops or it gets diminished, that they have to stop fighting, they can still continue to fight. but i also think it's important to realize that, you know, our aid, europeans aid, that's that's necessary, but not necessarily sufficient. i mean, the ukrainians themselves have to bring more troops to the front and have to really dig deeper when it comes to this war, because it's a really a competition over manpower at this point. so there's a lot that plays into this. but again, i mean, he has a vote on whether or not ukraine listens to trump or listens to putin. and i don't think the ukrainians are in a place where they feel like capitulating to putin. >> how do you see this playing out? >> i think that we're going to continue to give aid. i think that the ukrainians, again, need to bolster the front line and survive. it's not clear. the

real driver here is the fact that the russians are still making incremental progress at tremendous cost. what's unclear to most is, is how long russia can continue to do this. i mean, i'm hesitant to say it's going to, you know, they can stop. they'll have to stop within months. i don't know that. i think sometime during 2025, they're going to have to pause, given the rate at which they're losing troops. but i think for now anyway. >> is is there no. you think there's no appetite inside of russia for that with the economy. what what is your calculus for? why there's there may not be an appetite for that. >> i think there's russia has a pretty deep bench when it comes to personnel, and it's deeper than the ukrainians. and i think that the kremlin, you know, putin and his, you know, the leadership in russia believe that they can outlast ukraine. and the russian people have now, you know, in large part bought into this narrative that this is not their fault and that they need to follow through on this war with ukraine. so there's no real opposition in russia to this. even, you know, the tremendous number of personnel that have been lost. >> we're at a very interesting point. jeff, thank you so much.

we really appreciate you, jeff. thank you. thank you. still to come, some new cnn reporting about how elon musk's doge team is expected to get imminent access to some very sensitive information at the irs. what this could mean for you. plus, doctors giving an update on the health of pope francis, why his treatment plan had to be changed. we'll have that and much more coming up on cnn news central. >> cookbooks, corporate fat cats, swindling socialites, doped up cyclists, and yes, more crooked politicians. i have a feeling we won't be running out of those anytime soon. >> a new season of united states of scandal with jake tapper, march 9th on cnn. >> ah, it's a good day to cough. oh, no. >> bye bye. >> cough later. chest congestion. hello. 12 hours of relief. >> 12 hours. >> mhm. okay. not coughing at yoga. antiquing. not coughing. not coughing at the movies.

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>> lockerbie, sunday at nine on cnn. >> elon musk's government efficiency team might soon be able to see the personal and financial information of millions of americans by accessing a critical data system at the irs. and we're told that access is expected to be granted imminently. the system holds data so sensitive that punishment for improper use could lead to prison time. >> cnn chief national affairs correspondent jeff zeleny is with us now on this story. jeff, just walk us through so we can understand what this system is, the kind of information that it contains and why doge wants to get into it. >> well, brianna, as president trump spends his president's day here in mar-a-lago, his team is still working in various factions of the government. and the irs is only the latest example of the agencies that this department of government efficiency have gone into. to look at the programs and to access some of the software. but the reason, of course, the irs is more sensitive than other

programs is because it contains so much personal information, so much personal data from americans as they file their tax returns. now, the white house is pushing back on the criticism here that this information should not be available to the doge people. a white house spokesman, harrison fields, is telling cnn this. he said waste, fraud and abuse have been deeply entrenched in our american system for far too long. it takes direct access to the system to identify and to fix it. so of course, that's the white house pushing back on this. but there are democratic senators who are sounding the alarm on this. this could be one more example of a legal case here. but if the access is granted, the question is what happens with that? so, uh, what we're speaking about here is really just a variety of, of things, but it's a particular software that the irs has that has access to the irs of

filings, access to the the data that americans have. it also allows access to. adjustment of transaction data. it automatically generates notices, collection documents and other outputs. so translating all of that into english, it has the information that americans have when they send in to the irs. many people right now are likely filing their their taxes. the the april 15th deadline is just less than a couple months away. so that's why this is a particularly sensitive to so many people here. so we will see if access is granted. and we have limited sort of view into the irs. it's one of those agencies where we really don't have a lot of, of, of a vision into what's going on there. but we are hearing from some irs employees and others who are very concerned about this. so once again, one more example here of doge and elon musk going inside these agencies, for better or worse. >> brianna jeff zeleny live for us in west palm beach. thank you

so much. as doge eyes, the irs, we're learning a second federal judge has now declined to block musk's team from potentially accessing government data. this after federal employees sued over the server that was used to send out government wide emails to offer so-called buyout packages to thousands of workers. musk's efforts to access sensitive government systems have faced a slew of legal challenges on privacy grounds. let's discuss with former deputy assistant attorney general tom dupree. tom, thank you so much for being with us. so we've learned that judge randolph moss, he's the second federal judge, and he declined to block doge, potentially accessing this government data just right off the bat. what's the standard for blocking or limiting doge access to these sensitive systems? >> sure. well, what the challengers to doge have to show is, number one, that they're likely to win on their legal claims, namely, to show that

musk and his team are violating federal law. and the other thing they need to show is they need to show some sort of irreparable harm that they will suffer if they don't get an immediate order stopping musk. and it's that second point that's tripped up some of the challenges that we've seen, and that there are federal judges, some of whom are biden appointees, not conservatives by any stretch. and they seem generally sympathetic to the arguments that are being made against musk. but where they're getting hung up is on what they see as the challengers failure to show that they're about to suffer some sort of irreparable permanent injury if they don't get an emergency order shutting down elon musk. >> what of the arguments been from these folks about the damage that could be caused? in other words, what is their argument to prove standing in a case like this? >> sure, it depends on the case, but generally speaking, they fall into certain categories. one is, some of the challenges

are arguing that trump is basically dismantling federal agencies. he's firing federal workers en masse, and that as a practical matter, you just can't reconstitute an agency. you can't get it back up and running. you can't bring all the workers back in and have them just pick up their jobs like nothing ever happened. the other type of harm people are claiming is the disclosure of private information. i suspect that's going to be a key challenge if one is forthcoming on the irs issue that we just discussed. that's the other angle that people are saying is that they're saying musk is a private citizen. he doesn't have the right to access this highly confidential information without getting some sort of official government position or at least express permission to access it. >> so at this point, at least one of these efforts, this test of trump's power to fire federal employees is headed to the supreme court. trump is now trying to remove this. biden appointed special counsel. how do you think the court is going to rule?

>> yeah. you know, trump may get a sympathetic audience at the united states supreme court in this particular case. this concerns whether or not congress can basically place limits on a president's ability to fire these high ranking political appointees. it's an issue that the supreme court, frankly, has been wrestled with over the decades. it's been settled law that you can place certain limits. but presidents have always chafed at those restrictions, and the tide may be turning a bit. and it wouldn't surprise me if we see at least some justices, maybe maybe not a majority, but there going to be some justices on the supreme court who i think are going to be sympathetic to trump's argument that he does have fair. these senior political appointees. >> tom, i think there's also a question of the executive's relationship with the legislative branch. and it has to do with this issue of impoundment. right. it's going to be central to trump's

attempts to block funding to agencies and programs that congress has already allocated money for. so if you could help us understand the impoundment act, and i wonder if you think trump can somehow find a way to work around it. >> yeah. well, this question actually really gets at the heart of our constitution and specifically the separation of powers. congress under our constitution has the powers of the purse, meaning the ability to spend money in, say, certain funds have to be spent on certain activities. on the other hand, of course, it's the executive branch, the president, who is constitutionally tasked with actually executing and carrying out these laws. and so what we're seeing now in this debate over impoundment is whether if congress says we want to spend money on something, here's what it's used for. does the president really have any discretion simply to say, you know, i'm not going to spend the money that way. i'm not going to carry out those programs. you want me to carry out. i think what we're going to see is a whole flurry of

legal challenges, basically saying the president is not discharging his duty to carry out the laws enacted by congress. the president is going to come back and say, under the constitution, i have the power to decide what i want to enforce and what i don't want to enforce. there are going to be lots of battles, and ultimately this is going to get channeled up to the supreme court of the united states for resolution. >> we're going to have a lot to talk about, i suspect, in the near future. tom dupree, thanks so much for joining us. >> thank you. >> still ahead, pope francis set to remain in the hospital longer than expected. we have new details on the pontiff's condition during a live report. we'll take you to rome next. >> it's the news. >> welcome back. >> but it's also kind of not the news. >> we don't fact check here. we don't care, man. why tell the information on this show so terrible? >> have i got news for you? saturday at nine on cnn. >> you'll be back. emus can't

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saying that the pope is without a fever and that he is in a stable condition, and saying that the pope has been very touched by the messages he's been sent. i can read out what the statement says. pope francis is touched by the numerous messages of affection and closeness that he has been receiving in recent hours. he especially wants to extend his thanks to those who are hospitalized at this time. he prays for them and asks that they pray for him. now the pope, despite being in the hospital bed behind me at rome's gemelli hospital and ordered to rest, has also today been trying to do some work. the vatican says he's been looking at texts. he's also called the parish the catholic parish in gaza on friday and saturday, but not, we understand, yesterday, sunday, the pope has been told to slow down and stop to recover from this respiratory tract infection

that is more complex and serious than was initially thought. now there is no clear timetable for how long the pope is going to stay in the hospital. it all depends on how he responds to the antibiotic treatment that he has been receiving. we are expecting more updates from the vatican tomorrow, but clearly this is a situation that is that needs to be closely monitored and we will bring any updates that we get as soon as they come. boris and brianna. >> all right. christopher lamb, thank you so much. we'll be keeping a close eye on that. and still ahead, nearly one month into the second trump presidency, how do americans view what they've seen so far? we'll have some new reaction next on cnn news central. >> cooked books corporate fat cats, swindling socialites, doped up cyclists, and yes, more crooked politicians. i have a feeling we won't be running out of those any time soon. >> a new season of united states

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in any type of cough day or night. it's not cough season. it's always comeback season. >> closed captioning brought to you by. book.com. >> if you or a loved. >> one have mesothelioma, we'll send you a free book to answer questions you may have. call now and we'll come to you. >> 821 4000. >> we are entering week five of president donald trump's second term, so it's a good time to check the pulse of the american people amid the whirlwind of activity over the last few weeks. we have pollster and communications strategist frank luntz here with us. and, frank, we wanted to have you on because you do a lot of focus groups. you really get behind the numbers, the poll numbers to the sentiments of voters. and it's so interesting. you've been speaking with a number of voters who were hillary clinton, 2016, joe biden 2020, and then went for trump in 2024. how are these folks seeing the early days of trump's second term? pretty well really. >> and they're reacting. >> to it because they love the

pace of change. they were very fed up over the last four years. they wanted action. they wanted results. they looked at prices. they looked at affordability. they looked at immigration. and they didn't see anything happening. they still don't like what he says, but they like what he does. and these are democrats now who felt that they were not securing the border. they were doing nothing to prevent illegal immigration, that nothing was actually happening. they wanted to see a reduction in wasteful washington spending. and they're seeing that. so what they tell me is, i wish you'd be a little bit less rude, but at the same time, they like what he's doing. they believe he's serious about it. and for the first time, they have confidence in the future, which is why you now see some significant shifts in the polling about the expectations for the direction in the coming years. >> it's a big wake up call for democrats. >> i'm waiting for them to get a message. i'm waiting for them to unify and to understand that to oppose and to be the resistance, which is what some

of them use that phrase. that's not what democrats in grassroots areas want from them. they may not want the approach that trump is doing. president trump, by the way, i now know to say president trump. but they do want action and they don't see action from the democrats. >> so on this president's day, maybe a little reflection on the direction of our country, because i wanted to ask you as well about a focus group that you did with cadets and professors at west point at the new year. now, full disclosure, you're not agnostic on west point. the u.s. military academy. you're a professor there. you think it's the best. you do want people to understand, though, more about the university for america's future military leaders. and i want to play this. this is a moment where you asked the cadets and their professors about their observations on their school in america. here it is. >> we're all coming. >> from different walks of life, some of us coming from prior service, some straight from high

school, some from other colleges beforehand. and i think the honor code is also a great example of an equalizer. west point is an equalizer between people. it brings people together, breaks them down, and then builds them back up. >> it doesn't matter. >> who. >> you are when you come. >> to the u.s. >> because you can do anything when you're here. and that is something that is deeply, uniquely american. >> everybody in. >> america wants to live a better life. people who immigrate immigrate. they want to live a better life. and that's what america is. >> why do you think it's so important for people to get a look into what they're thinking and what's motivating their service? >> well, first off, they're going to be the leaders politically, militarily, economically. you go to west point and you have the character and the drive and the selfless service that makes you so desirable for the next 20, 30, 40 years of your life. that's number one. but more importantly, they're so optimistic. they believe in this country and its principles and its values. they believe in the

american exceptionalism. they're everything that we want from a great american. and when i walk into the room and i teach them, and i really believe this, i'm the worst person in the room. they do more for this country in a day than i do in a year. i'll give you an example. i walk out of this dinner that was happening for the last 100 days. of the seniors that are getting ready to graduate, and i see these soldiers coming out. it's friday night, 9 p.m., and they're in full gear. full gear, carrying 30 or 40 pound rucksacks. and they're going off to train all night on a friday night. no other school does this. they do this selflessly. they do this to serve their country. they are being prepared to defend us, and i'm so grateful for it. i can sleep easier at night because they are working at night to learn how to defend america. >> you also talk to them about the constitution and what it means to them. and this is significant for a very important reason that we'll touch on after this. here's what that moment looks like.

>> we are a country built on values. we all hear. officers and the cadets swear an oath to the constitution that not to a president, not to a leader. >> the constitution means america because the constitution is the very soul of america. >> i want them to understand that it is just a piece of paper. until we believe in it, and we swear to uphold, support and defend it with our lives. >> i thought it was interesting because this focus on the constitution being in their oath, which is why you were asking them about it. it's an important distinction at a time when, honestly, the military, which is quite popular, is also becoming quite politicized. >> well, i don't believe that. i believe that. >> it's becoming politicized. >> that there are people who might try to politicize it, but that it is resisting successfully. it is the most trusted, the most confidence of any institution in america. and west point is the key starting point for that military. but this applies to all soldiers everywhere. when we a soldier,

when you see a soldier on president's day, walk up to them. it's not enough to say thank you for your service. thank you for what you represent for america. that constitution matters to us. it's significant. as the professor said, it is not a piece of paper. it is what makes this country so exceptional. and west point teaches that every single day, west point teaches the values of america and the the purpose of america and the exceptionalism of america. and it's it's the way this country is supposed to be. >> well, frank, i think it's really interesting. it's not every day you get to hear from cadets. a lot of active duty service members. under most circumstances, are not able to do press. you just don't get to hear from them. so it's kind of interesting to see what they're thinking. >> and here's the thing. everything they say is music to my ears. everything that they say tells me that it's going to be okay. >> you are the proselytizer. i will tell you on that, frank. thank you. really appreciate it. frank luntz. and coming up, a

volcano near anchorage, alaska, has scientists on high alert after a series of small earthquakes. is an eruption here imminent? we'll be taking a closer look next. >> welcome back. >> have i got news for you? music news saturday on cnn. >> with fast signs. create factory grade visual solutions to perfect your process. vast signs. make your statement. >> you'll be back. emus can help people customize and save with liberty mutual. >> dale ho. >> and doug. well, i'll be. >> only pay for what you need. >> liberty, liberty, liberty, liberty. >> can a personal loan unlock your ambitions? >> oh. >> yeah. >> consolidate bad debt and save money for your next goal. take a swing at your kitchen, renault. and that literally. or design

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she's a volcanologist and the author of misadventure my wild explorations in science, lava, and life, which sounds like an awesome book. so, jess, it's been more than 30 years. we should note, since mount spurr erupted, which is why a lot of people probably haven't heard about it. and those were also small eruptions. are there signs of an imminent eruption here? >> so with. >> volcanoes. >> the. >> trick is that they can look like they're going to erupt. they can have a bunch of small earthquakes. we can see increased gas emissions. we can even see the ground start to inflate, which would show us that magma is filling the chamber beneath the surface. but that doesn't mean an eruption will happen. unfortunately, we can't predict eruptions, which is why monitoring these volcanoes super closely, like a patient in an icu taking the vital signs. that's why that's so important. so yeah, that 5050 coin flip, it's not too far off. so if i knew if i had a crystal ball, i would love to

tell you, because that would help keep people safer. but instead, we just have to kind of keep watching the vital signs and give people as much warning as we can. if we think that an eruption is about to happen. >> on the question of keeping people safer, it's a good thing that mount spurr is sort of out there, right? it's 75 miles due west of anchorage. no real towns or settlements nearby. how much threat could it pose if it were to erupt? >> so, like you mentioned, it's not super close to people's homes or anything like that. so the biggest hazard from mount spurr specifically is volcanic ash. and if people have paid attention to the news in the past 15, 20 years, they may have heard that volcanic ash really messes up engines. so the biggest issue that people might see is disruption to air traffic. with mount spurr eruption. that volcanic ash is basically pulverized rock fragments. so they're super,

super tiny and they get into anything mechanical and they gum up the works. it's also not too good for you to breathe it either. so if there is an eruption that's really ash rich, folks in anchorage are going to want to try to minimize their time outside and not drive their cars or fly airplanes. >> yeah, certainly. and then looking back in 1953 and 1992, those prior eruptions. do those tell you anything? >> they do. in fact. volcanologists are a lot like historians. we only know what volcanoes are capable of doing by looking at past eruptions. and fortunately, volcanoes tend to leave us a lot of clues written in rock. so if you can decode the secrets of the rock, you can learn how big a future eruption might be. whether there's a lot of lava or a lot of ash, or whether it was really explosive or just produced a lot of oozy, runny lava really close

to the source. so that sort of information is really valuable when we prepare for disasters, emergency response and to keep population centers safe, because there's a lot of people around the world who live in the shadow of active volcanoes, just like mount spurr, and they need as much information as possible so they can prepare. >> absolutely. jess phoenix, thanks so much for sharing your expertise. >> thanks, chris. thanks, brianna. >> we'll keep an eye on mount spurr breaking news. just in to cnn for deputies to new york mayor eric adams have now resigned. these resignations come after president donald trump's justice department asked to drop criminal charges against mayor adams. >> adams sending this statement, quote, i am disappointed to see them go, but given the current challenges, i understand their decision and wish them nothing but success in the future. but let me be crystal clear new york city will keep moving forward, just as it does every day. all deputy mayors will remain in their roles for the time being to ensure a seamless transition. the people of new york city

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