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tv   Amanpour  CNN  April 18, 2010 2:00pm-3:00pm EDT

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luckily president obama didn't have to bid them each good-bye individually, too. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week. stay tuned for "amanpour." this week, exclusive interviews with the leaders of nigeria and turkey whose policies are vital to the west. hello, everyone, i'm christiane amanpour, and welcome to our program. we have some fascinating revelations in two exclusive interviews with important world leaders. during president obama's nuclear security summit that broad dozens of leaders to washington, i sat down with turkey's prime minister, erdogan on concerns
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that he's becoming less committed to the united states and more interested in muslim neighbors. i also talked to nigeria's acting president, jonathan, who gave us his first interview since taking office. we asked him about the christmas day bombing plot and whether nuclear terrorism is his top priority. and we'll also be speaking to former united nations secretary-general kofi annan this hour about good governance in africa and whether the u.s. should be involved with the indicted president of sudan. but first, turkey and a look at prime minister erdogan's word, cnn's ivan watson has that. >> reporter: erdogan first swept to power in 2002. his campaign promise then, get turkey into the european union. he introduced democratic reforms and succeeded in launching eu
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membership negotiations in 2005. but erdogan's government has also repeatedly clashed with the powerful turkish military and this overwhelmingly muslim country's traditional secular establishment. >> he will be a person who wanted to turn a secular democratic republic into a sort of islamic society. >> reporter: erdogan insists he gave up political islam in 1999. crowds escorted him then as mayor of istanbul he was sentenced to six months in prison for reading an islamic poem in public. but last february it was the once untouchable retired military top brass who were under arrest, accused of plotting to overthrow erdogan's government, a sign of just how much power has shifted in turkey. erdogan's hot temper has led some to question his democratic credentials.
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and during a heated debate last year, he accused of president of israel of killing palestinian children in gaza. meanwhile, turkey has gone out of its way to improve ties with its eastern muslim neighbors, iraq, syria and iran. after decades of relative isolation, erdogan's government is reaching out to the middle east. this dramatic foreign policy shift has generated some concern among turkey's traditional western allies. but some would argue these middle eastern overtures are only natural for a country that straddles both europe and asia. ivan watson, cnn, istanbul. >> i talked about that with the prime minister as well as his controversial stance on iran and israel. mr. prime minister, thank you very much for joining us.
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>> translator: thank you. sb >> what do you hope to achieve here at the nuclear security summit? >> translator: i have responded to this invitation with great hope. our wish and desire is to make sure that this step that is being taken for the prevention of the proliferation of nuclear arms will provide a positive response to the expectations of the people. >> as you know, there are many, many heads of state, heads of government here. iran has not been invited. and the world is very concerned about iran's nuclear program. president obama and allies are talking about imposing sanctions on iran, to bring it back within the npt. will you support, as a member of the security council and as a nato ally, sanctions on iran?
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>> translator: we do not want to see any nuclear weapons in our region. and in all of our discussions with our iranian counterparts, we have always expressed this opinion. and what the iranians have always clearly stated to us has been that they have no investment on nuclear arms, that they are involved in activities for peaceful means. and if turkey is to act as an intermediary, we, i believe, can help and try to find a solution because the process should be resolved not through sanctions but through diplomacy, in my view. >> will turkey vote for sanctions if that comes up? >> translator: with iran, we have an agreement which dates
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back to 1639, and we have not had any issues with iran since then all these years. and we have a land border of 380 kilometers. we have a lot of investment going in both directions, and our bilateral trade exceeds $10 billion. and after russia, iran is the second largest supplier of natural gas to turkey. of course, all of these relations lead to some sort of strategic alliance between our two countries. and for us to step away from such a relationship would be something that would have -- that would be difficult, this special relationship could, in fact, be a great opportunity to achieve a peaceful solution to these discussions. and that is why i refer to diplomacy as a way to resolve the issue. and i believe we can do it. >> well, so far it hasn't seemed to have worked. you've outlined several diplomatic initiatives to iran, and it has not worked.
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what do you think they're using their nuclear program for? what do you think their intentions are? >> translator: the iaea has not definitely come out to say that the facility is for nuclear arms. what is being said is that iran is not acting transparentally and that there is a probability, a possibility, that such work could be ongoing. but there is no definitive determination there. >> how, then, do you propose to make them come into full compliance with the npt and with the iaea so there are no more questions about their intentions? >> iran is party to npt and is also a member of the iaea. but there's another country in the region that does not
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recognize npt but is a member of the iaea. >> you're talking about israel. >> yes. >> it was said that you are going to come here and insist that israel sign up to the npt, and for certain reasons such as that, the prime minister of israel canceled his visit to this nuclear security summit. is that your position here? >> translator: well, that is not the only thing. we have to think of this issue in a broader sense that is not the only issue that we can consider within the overall discussion of nuclear issues. >> before you arrived here, you were quoted in the turkish press at home as saying the world is turning a blind eye to israel's nuclear program. what is turkey going to ask,
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demand, lobby for here regarding israel and its undeclared nuclear program? >> translator: i have brought this issue to the agenda a number of times. i can talk about it today and tomorrow because if this is indeed the case and if we are going to exercise politics on justice in order to achieve peace, we must speak these issues. and all countries must approach the issue fairly. iran cannot be the only agenda item with regard to issues. israel cannot be the only agenda item either. >> so is turkey trying to save iran or sink iran, as one magazine editorial asks? and that's the question posed on our facebook page. so please weigh in at amanpour.com/facebo amanpour.com/facebook. next, we'll ask prime minister erdogan about a dispute that's cast a long shadow over
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relations between turkey and the united states for nearly a century. just how to characterize what happened to nearly 1 million armenians in world war i. some lunch.
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more now with the turkish prime minister erdogan and the ongoing controversy over whether the turkish-controlled ottoman empire committed genocide against the armenians in world war i. it's a charge he strongly denies. also we discuss turkey's role straddling both east and west. i want to ask you about relations with the united states. there's concern even amongst your supporters in the world here in the u.s. as well that turkey seems to, as one prominent u.s. congressman has said, contemplating a fundamental realignment of its alliances, shifting from the
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pro-u.s., pro-western to a much more pro-eastern, with all your neighbors, as you mentioned, iran, syria, et cetera. is that correct? >> translator: it is not possible for me to agree with this assessment. when we came to government, turkey unfortunately did not have good relations with neighboring countries. and during our tenure in government, our goal has always been to achieve zero problems with our neighbors. and by this i mean our neighbors to the east, west, north and south. and at the same time, we have, with the eu member states, important areas of cooperation which is perhaps unprecedented in the past. we are not just a candidate country for membership for the european union. we are a negotiating country.
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we are negotiating for membership. we're facing to the west. we are continuing and pursuing our foreign policy in the way of normalizing our relations in all directions. and this does not mean that we would leave the west and move in another direction. >> well, there's been a bit of a crisis between turkey and the united states over the last several weeks after a congressional panel voted to describe the armenian genocide as genocide in 1915. and you withdrew ambassadors. then you put your ambassador back. what do you expect president obama to do about this issue, about calling what happened in armenia genocide, especially when he talks to the armenian-american community in about two weeks from now? >> translator: i think that we
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have to make an observation here first. we have a centrstrategic allian with the united states. so our two countries are very much all the work that they have been doing together. we have been in nato together for a long time. characterizing the events of 1915 as genocide is not something that we can accept. it's a legal term, and we cannot -- we cannot make that decision. it's the historians. it's the scientists who have to look into this matter. with respect to the so-called genocide, our expectation is that our sensitivities are taken into consideration in the use of these terms because there was, at the time of those events, a lot of problems. and this was a time of war. there were many revolts going on
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in the country, and those events were as a result of that. >> have you been assured that president obama will not use the word "genocide" in his speech, in his address to the american-armenian community? >> translator: i will be seeing him. we will be talking. that would be my expectation because to this day no american leader has uttered that word. and i believe that president obama will not. >> and when we return, we ask why turkey went from ally to tense relations with israel ever since the gaza war and after prime minister erdogan stormed out of a public event with the israeli president, shimon peres.
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as we continued our conversation, i asked the turkish prime minister whether relations between turkey and israel can ever be salvaged. turkey and israel had shared security issues and had a very productive bilateral relations for a long time. analysts, both turkish and israeli, have recently said they do not believe that that relationship can be saved, can be put back on track. do you agree? >> translator: i don't know who made this assessment and how. but all countries in the world need each other. but the degree to which they need each other may be different. we are not enemies with anyone
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in the region. >> except you just called israel the biggest threat to peace in the middle east, the principal threat to peace in the middle east, you just said about israel. >> translator: this was not the way i said it. i think we should make sure that we understand what we say. what i'm looking for is contribution to peace. and i want israel to contribute to peace. if we speak of this as threat, that's one thing. if we speak of it as contribution, it's another. i would like to see israel contribute to peace. this is what i mean. and the current coalition government in israel is unfortunately not providing that contribution, that support. because this coalition, this three-way coalition, has different voices when they speak. it's not a symphony. it's a cacophony. we have to try to make sure that it's a symphony. if it doesn't become a symphony, then we cannot hear the voices
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of peace. this is what we would like to see. the voices of peace. on the one hand, there are some negative statements about turkey. for example, about jerusalem, when the minister of the interior says that it will be there -- it's their capital, then, of course, this has an impact on turkey where 99% of the population is muslim. it has an impact on the 1.6 billion islamic world because jerusalem has been a very important place for muslims throughout history. we don't have a problem with the israeli people. it's the government -- or it's the administration. there are jewish people in my country, and i have no problem with them either. they are happy with me. i'm happy with them. >> regarding iran again, because the west does not seem
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satisfied -- >> translator: so iran is always on our agenda. >> it seems to be on the agenda of this summit, which is why everybody's here and which is why we're talking. does it concern you that iran could end up like iraq, the victim of an invasion, a war, because it won't comply fully with the npt and with what the iaea needs in terms of inspections? >> translator: i would not even want to think about such a situation, let alone talk about it. it would be a nightmare scenario. this is not something that i can think of because in iraq we see the situation. it was a civilization that collapsed. as someone who has been to iraq, there are hundreds of thousands of widowed women. it's a human tragedy.
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>> do you have a diplomatic offer that you can make that would resolve this situation? >> translator: i am here. i am here for a diplomatic solution. and countries that are members of the iaea and the countries that sign up to the npt, we all must work together on this. and as turkey, we could act as a very important intermediary, and i believe that we can find a way out. >> on that note, prime minister erdogan, thank you very much indeed for joining us. >> thank you. and next, we turn to another key u.s. ally which is also a major oil supplier, and that is nigeria. in his first ever interview, acting president jonathan tells us how he'll stop the recent violence there. and we'll talk to former u.s. secretary-general kofi annan about his efforts to prevent violence in africa and elsewhere. at northern trust, we understand...
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hello, i'm fredericka whitfield at the cnn headquarters in atlanta. a look at our top stories. an update on volcanic ash that's disrupted travel across europe. european union airspace officials say test flights have shown the ash is having no impact on aircraft. and they say if the cloud continues to move as it's moving right now, 50% of european airspace will be safe by tomorrow. tens of thousands of flights have opinion canceled because of the threat, stranding millions of passengers. and polish president lech kaczynski and his wife were laid to rest today at a private burial ceremony in krakow.
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tens of thousands were outside the church lining the procession route. many world leaders who were scheduled to attend today's service including president obama had to cancel their plans because of the volcanic ash that has disrupted air travel across europe. the kaczynskis died along with 94 others in a plane crash in russia last weekend. and senator charles schumer says five airlines are vowing not to charge passengers for carry-on baggage. the new york democrat says he personally secured that promise from us airways, delta, jetblue, jew nighted and american airlines. two weeks ago local carrier spirit airlines became the first in the u.s. to announce plans to impose a $45 fee to store luggage in overhead bins. and those are the headlines. back to "amanpour" in a minute.
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welcome back. we turn now to nigeria. africa's most populous country and biggest oil exporter. this week nigeria's acting president, jonathan, gave us his first interview since taking over from the ailing president in february. jonathan talked to us about the recent explosion of violence and the continuing insurgency in the oil-rich delta region. and when jonathan met the u.s. president, barack obama, at the white house, it was during that nuclear security summit, he was urged to tackle election reform and corruption. i sat down with the acting president after that meeting. and it's the first time he had given an interview to anyone since assuming office two months ago. can i ask you first what an extraordinary name.
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how did goodluck come to be your name? >> i don't know. i'd have to ask my father. >> you don't know. >> no. >> have you had good luck, and do you think you'll need more than good luck to face down the incredible array of challenges that's on your plate? >> well, the issue of good luck, i don't really believe that good luck is an issue. but i suppose there are challenges. without good luck is disastrous. >> well, let me ask you this. you are now acting president because the president is unwell. >> yes. >> have you seen him since he has come back from his medical absence in saudi arabia? >> i have not seen him. >> what is his actual state of health? this also is a mystery. >> i can't exactly say. it's under the medical doctors. >> have they told you? >> no, they haven't.
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>> do you think he will ever come back to government? >> i can't say that. it's difficult for any of us to say. >> you are now acting president. and you have essentially a year because elections will be held this time 2011. >> yes. >> what is your most pressing issue? >> the most pressing issue for nigeria now in terms of basic infrastructure is power. >> you mean electricity? >> electricity. but outside that, what is central to nigerians now is the election, that their votes will count, free and fair election because we've been accuse of a country where elections are somehow questioned. and i promise nigerians that they will surely get that. and i have done some experiments.
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another issue is corruption, we've been accused of corruption in government, matching wealth in the society. so they expect us to take this on seriously. >> mr. acting president, one of your big challenges as well is to try to reenergize the peace process, the amnesty process in fact, your homeland, isn't it? exactly. there was a whole system set in place, but it seems to be fraying and there's a lot of concern, particularly given how vital it is as an oil-producing part of the world. what are you going to do about that? >> well, the amnesty process, what happens is people don't tend to accept amnesty. it's divided into three phases. the disarmament phase, many times they surrender their weapons. then rehabilitation phase, reintegration phase. some militants have been in that
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struggle for a very long time. after disarmament, next is rehabilitation. you have to rehabilitate them. then you have to properly integrate them into the society. so during the process of rehabilitation, you must reorient your thinking. and make them learn some skills that will enable them. >> what about joss which we saw an explosion of violence there between muslim and christian. what can you do about that? >> it's not a problem between muslims and christians. that is quite wrong. the problem, they just occupy a plateau, quite a land area in nigeria. that's an area where a number of people settled outside the
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indigenous population. so most of us are in the economy. they had been excluded from the economy. and that has been that way since the early '60s. >> what can you do about it? >> in terms of what we are doing, we are discussing this tradition, we are discussing with religious leaders, that is to appeal to them, and they have responded. >> you've just had meetings with president obama. that was the most important issue that you discussed? i know president obama discussed many things including the issue of a joint fight against terrorism. it was a nigerian youth who tried to set himself and set a plane on fire over the united states. >> that was an unfortunate incident. when that issue came up, and everybody traced the history of the young man. this young man left nigeria long ago.
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and he was in the west. >> but do you nonetheless think it's an issue that has to be combatted, terrorism? >> of course, nigeria is one of the countries that signed it. we believe that the whole globe will be peaceful. we cannot encourage that. we are suffering from the user, small arms and light weapons. in fact, in africa, they use mo more, even nuclear terrorism because africans, the nuclear terrorism because most of these
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weapons, they're no relevance. they shoot into africa. the european countries, they shoot it down to africa. and this is the cause -- i'm sorry, this crisis, this insecurity. >> on that note, acting president goodluck jonathan, thank you very much for joining us. >> thank you. and please join us on twitter where we have a hash-tag debate about whether goodluck is a part of the political machine. tell us what you think using the hash tag nigeria @amanpour/ni r @amanpour/niger @amanpour/nigeria. next, kofi annan. [ woman ] mom was diagnosed with moderate alzheimer's.
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let the spirlt of healing begin today. let it begin now. compromise was necessary for the survival of this country. support this agreement, for it is the key to the unity of kenya. >> that was the former united nations secretary-general, kofi annan, talking about his landmark agreement in kenya two years ago which ended the election violence that had killed more than 1,000 people. kofi annan joins me now to talk about kenya and other important global issues. welcome to this program. >> thank you very much. >> so you brought the two sides who are really riven over that election together, but it's still not smooth sailing. is this coalition going to hold? >> i think the coalition will hold, you're right. there are tensions. there are differences. but the coalition will hold. and i think this year, with a bit of luck, they will have a new constitution, a new election law, a new register, and on top
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of that, make good progress for serious land reform. >> you don't think there's a risk of violence? i mean, one of the newspapers sort of quoted their relationship as alternating between superficial harmony and blazing hostility. >> there are tensions. there are differences. but moments of cooperation and moments of tension. but slowly they are moving forward. and i think they're also moving forward because the kenyan people want change. and they are very much involved in this. and the leadership cannot fail them. the pressure must be on. >> you're obviously very diplomatic about it. people are worried. the icc has recently intervened and talked about prosecuting. do you think that the international criminal court's intervention will help promote long-term stability? you know, make sure these crimes don't happen in the future there? >> i think it will make a contribution. it's extremely important that we get the message around in kenya that impunity will not be
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allowed to stand. the people are very supportive of the icc process. for the first time in many, many years, you have seen an attempt to bring into account those who commit these crimes. and i think that is very important for society, and the victims deserve justice. >> well, let's move on in terms of accountability to sudan. very, very big and prominent in the news. it's just had elections. and there we have a president who has actually been indicted by the icc. you know, what is your reaction to the fact that he's not been arrested for brought in so far? >> i think he has not been able to move around as freely as he would have liked. he hasn't traveled as much as he does. and that in itself is a reaction to the indictment. and i think the african countries, some criticize the indictment saying it will complicate the peace process. but you always have this tension.
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the tension between peace and justice. and in my mind, you need both, but it's a question of sequence and making sure that you take steps to stop the killing, but also do justice. >> so you agree with the indictment its timing and the fact that it came down? >> i think the legal process must take its course. and they haven't transferred the issue to the court -- the security council transferred the issue to the court. and the court had to act. and now this is where we are. and i support the process. >> so what do you make, for instance, of the united states having relations with the government of khartoum despite the fact that the president is indicted and wanted on war crimes charges? >> this is where realism sometimes has testing in the sense that whether you like it or not, he is the one in charge. he is the man running sudan, and one will have to talk to him, to
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consolidate the agreements they made and to bring about peace. but that does not exclude that eventually he will be held to account. we saw this with president pinochet of chile. from the president of chile. it took about 20, 25 years when he was picked up in london. but he was, in a way, held to account. and he could not get away. and those who have committed the kinds of crimes we are talking about, they are not going to have any immunity. there are no statute of limitations. if not today, tomorrow, eventually they'll be held to account. >> this brings up the issue of governors. you just heard acting president goodluck jonathan of nigeria. and one of the things that he's being urged to do is to bring electoral reform and this endemic corruption. how does one bring good governance when you look at kenya, you look at sudan, you
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look at nigeria? zimbabwe where there's meant to be a power-sharing agreement. and you're part of the elders group who has tasked you this. >> no, i think one has to really encourage, the population has to get involved. in the kenyan situation, civil society, religious groups, businesses are very much -- i worked with all of them. this is the society. it is their country, and the agreement is their agreement. in all these countries we need to empower civil society to get engaged and maintain the pressure on the politicians to keep them on their toes. and we need to ensure that elections are free and fair, and the votes of people count. in fact, this is why kenya is put through quite a lot of reforms, to ensure that hopef hopefully what happened last time does not happen at the next election in 2012. other governments need to look at their own systems and their reforms required. >> now, you have said -- and you
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said a while ago, actually in 2006, that as president truman said, the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not to dominate the peoples of the world. he showed what can be achieved when the u.s. assumes that responsibility. and still today, none of our global institutions can accomplish much when the u.s. remains aloof. but when it is fully engaged, the sky's the limit. so president obama seems fully engaged. is the sky the limit, or is it the same old basket of problems? >> i think the shift in washington is extremely important. we see a willingness to work with other governments, to cooperate with them, and to tell the government we have problems we need to solve together. i think the world appreciates the shift. the problems are there. they can't be solved overnight. but working together with the administration and other governments, we stand a much better chance of resolving them
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rather than working at cross purposes. >> let me ask you about the copenhagen environmental summit. that was something you put a lot of personal stock in, a lot of investment for the future, and it did not deliver its promise. and that was the world either working together or working against each other. where does this go? >> copenhagen was very -- i think most people were expecting a fair agreement. they thought it was a chance for us to come together and protect our planet. the agreement, if i can call it an agreement, was really negotiated by a handful of countries. europe, for example, that had been in the lead on this whole environment issue was pushed aside. they were not part of the agreement or understanding is a better way. and, of course, now we are looking at copenhagen. i mean, we are looking at mexico. and i hope we are going to do all the work that is required
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between now and december to go to mexico determined to make real progress because climate change is an all-encompassing threat. threat, livelihood, threat to security, and we really need to be able to bring it under wraps. i know we've had a terrible winter. and some skeptics are wondering if, indeed, the world is warming. and it is warm. and the science and the evidence is clear. and most scientists agree. and we need to really take steps. but we should not leave it to the politics alone. the people have to get involved. corporations have to get involved. and people have power. they have power by the choices they make, the politicians they support, when they buy, and they can really make a difference. and i hope they will exercise their power, too. >> on that note, it is always good to hear from you. thank you so much indeed. former u.n. secretary-general kofi annan. and next, our post script.
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and now our "postscript." a short film from iran on the power of dissent. it's about a soldier, a young woman, a colonel and an older woman on a train. the film is called "the slap," and only one of the four passengers can explain what happens when the train goes into a tunnel. let's watch.
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>> so in life as it politics nothing is as simple as it seems. the film was written and directed, and to see the full version, visit amanpour.com. visit whenever you like. for all of us here, good-bye from new york.

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