i'll be co-moderating the debate between christine o'donnell and chris coons. our coverage of the debate will begin tomorrow night, 7:30 p.m. only here on cnn. thanks very much for watching, i'm wolf blitzer in "the situation room," john king starts right now. good evening, everyone. tonight we'll continue our coverage of the dramatic breaking news of the miners in chile where they have been trapped under ground for 69 days now. just minutes ago, an official said the rescue pod, a 900-pound container called the phoenix capsule is expected to be lowered into the san jose mine in a couple of hours. family members are on hand of course hoping the waiting ends and the celebration begins tonight. also on hand, a small army of

doctors, mental health professionals and engineers, not to mention some 1,400 journalisjournalist s covering a story that's captured the imagination of the world. the first expected to reach the surface by midnight tonight, we are told. also with us to discuss the medical and psychological challenges ahead are cnn's dr. sanjay gupta and an expert on how people survive in these environments. sanjay, the families have gathered, you see the capsule being put in place, the minister has said by midnight tonight, they expect the first miner to make it to the surface. give us your sense from a medical standpoint of the preparations underneath, and the challenges as we hope a miracle unfolds tonight. >> reporter: well, they're trying to leave nothing to chance, i think that's the best way to characterize it, john.

what you're seeing here, what's about to unfold, nothing quite like it has ever happened before. the nature of this particular rescue, the nature of the isolation of these men, the various medical challenges they have had, and the hot condition and the humid condition so far below the surface of the earth for this long, so dotting all the is and crossing all the ts, the humidity and the potential skin infections that can cause, and the cardiovascular or heart problems that could occur during the rescue itself. they want to prevent all those sorts of things. what you'll see is exactly what you might expect to see, they want to make sure that the airway of the miner is working properly, the lungs are working properly. a stethoscope on the chest listening to those things. they may have to give iv fluids back to the miners. there's going to be a lot of

artificial light, so protecting the eyes of the miners. these are the things you'll see, everything from lack of vitamin d to not being exposed to germs and viruses in the last few months, it seems that they're not leaving anything to chance. >> just in the last few minutes, dusk has settled in, they're preparing the phoenix capsule. it's still lying on the ground, that will be stood, it will be dropped in, a rescue worker will go down with it, and the current plan is for five rescue workers to go down, one to go down first, one miner comes out, another rescue worker comes out. many have hoped that the phoenix capsule would go down in the 6:00 hour. it's been delayed a few more hours, are they just double checking or triple checking to make sure this is right or do you have any indications that

they're having any problems? >> reporter: they're not having any serious problems, they just want to make sure they have it right. there's really no rush, these men have survived for 68 days, they're all in good condition and they know what's going on and they do want to do much of this action and get these men out during the dusk of the nighttime. one of the problems is these men have not seen any light, they have been in the dark. they're afraid of what will happen when they come up and this is expected to last 36 hours, as they bring up 33 people. the fact is that there's so much excitement here at this camp, they call it camp hope because for weeks now they have had hope these men would get up safe and sound and right now it certainly appears that way, so the idea is to bring down the path. you have heard different things so it's hard for us to say with certainty how many experts and how many mine rescue officials

they plan to bring down. but the latest, they'll bring down, they's ascertain the situation at the ground and then the process will start bringing up the 33 men. the first man to bring up, the man florenci antonio alvarez, the first two people they want to bring up are in good mental, emotional and physical condition because they're not sure how they're going to adapt to the ride up in the cylinder. once they see people come up fine, they'll take people who are not in great condition. they have had to be in good condition to survive this long. but 15 or 17 minutes each ride, one at a time, so that will take it through tomorrow. >> as we watch, i should note the phoenix capsule we see there weighs about 900 pounds, it will

go down into this shaft. as the families wait for their miracle to unfold, what will happen to the men at the surface, obviously they will go for tests because of the obvious stress, but the families, will they be reunited immediately? are there plans to do that slowly? >> reporter: here's the exact routine, once they come out of the hole, and the hole looks like a sewer cap. it looks like a sewer accident, but that's where they have been drill the 2,300 feet. they will then go into a temporary triage facility, this whole time their family members will be able to be nearby watching this take place, three people from each family will be allowed inside the tents. they will keep shuttling family members here, once their family member is finished in the triage

center, they will be transported to a reunion center, and that's where they will meet their family members, hugs, kisses, discussions, and then they will break up their routine for the time being and be flown in a helicopter about 15 minutes away from here by air, they'll be treated and hopefully released and then they can go on with their lives that have been interrupted for the last 68 days. >> we'll get back to gary throughout the hour as we follow this dramatic breaking news. you see the phoenix capsule has now been lifted. it has been lifted by the wrench, you see it right there, it looks just like a sewer, that is the shaft that will take the phoenix capsule down into the ground a half mile deep. i want to bring lawrence into the conversation here. maybe we can split the screen, because i want to show how this played out, and this is a sense of how they drilled this, they were up on the surface of course, and they started to

drill three shafts down, you'll see the middle one keep going, plan b if you will that had the most success. they cored deep to where the miners were trapped underneath. and this is how it's supposed to unfold this evening. it comes down, once a miner gets in, they establish communication with the top and then the miner gets in and up the shaft it will go. they can do this rather quickly, or they can do it slowly based on the health, the conversations with the miner on the way up to the surface. and this is where they will get immediate medical attention. the distress of these workers under ground, these 69 days, that is a remarkable stretch. but they have been together, they have been communicating as a group. when these miners come up, especially those who might not be in the best of conditions, when they get in the shaft, what are the risks and the stresses. >> well, i expect, john, that,

you know, for that brief period of time, there will be certainly anxiety, certainly anticipation and above all a strong desire that the event is over as quickly as possible. right now they're entirely focused on the rescue phase, the process of moving through the tunnel to the surface. all of their energies both physical and psychological are committed to that singular event. while there will be some anxiety, particularly among the initial rescues as well as among those who are the last to go, once they begin to see that the process can be done without incident, without further -- then i think as things begin to proceed smoothly, that level of anxiety will reduce as well. >> i want to bring dr. gupta

back into the conversation, explain, some of this is self-evident, but explain why it's so important to send down first one and then a second, and perhaps as many as five rescue workers who have technical expertise but also some medical expertise as this process takes it's course over what should be at least 24 hours? >> i think perhaps one of the most important benefits of doing that is it reduces the sense of uncertainty about the prospect of traveling through the tunnel and the risks associated with that. that will help to reduce the anxiety levels of the miners, seeing new faces of themselves will certainly be a big benefit for the miners because all they have had to interact with on a face to face basis for the last few months is each other and having new people in the shaft will re-enforce the sense that there is an outside world and they're about ready to enter that world.

>> dr. gupta if you were waiting on the surface and you knew they were starting to bring these miners up and they've been together these 69 days and they're going to come one at a time out of this shaft, what would you be worried about at the top? >> well, you know, one of the things that from a physical standpoint that will be done down in the mine is to make sure that they can actually tolerate this ride up. the psychological aspect that you have heard about. but things like measuring the blood pressure, measuring the heart rate, listening to the lungs down in the mine, and putting on pressure garments on the lower extremities to force the blood into the brain so somebody doesn't pass out during the rescue mission itself, that could be a disaster because you can't lie someone down during that part of the mission, that's a big deal. that's part of the reason that they send people down ahead of time. but also when they get to the surface again, one thing about

medical triage is the basics are really being applied. we want to make sure the heart, the lungs are working properly. they may need to receive iv fluids, maybe we can give them antibiotics, if the need seems to be there so they can ward off any potential infections down the road. but airway circulation, ventilation, that's what you're going to be seeing transpiring, what the doctors, what the rescue workers are doing on the surface, it's really avc, john. >> dr. gupta is going to stay with us, and we're going to work in a quick break. this is the phoenix capsule, you see all these technicians and engineers doing work on it, they're checking everything, there are collapsible wheels there are going down the chute. they're checking everything, the communications, there's oxygen tanks inside, remarkable work unfolding, this will go down half mile down into the mine, we

have reporters on the scene, we have experts to help us ux we're going to keep our eyes on this dramatic rescue. ♪ [ male announcer ] ever have morning pain slow you down? introducing bayer am, an extra strength pain reliever with alertness aid to fight fatigue. so get up and get goin'! with new bayer am. the morning pain reliever.

we are hoping that we are watching tonight the makings of a miracle. miners who have been trapped under ground for 69 days, there are 33 of them. the phoenix capsule as it is called is a 924-pound tube which hopefully in the next few hours have been lowered down with the first of the rescue workers and by midnight tonight the first of those miners should come up to the surface, hopefully in good health and in good spirits. let's continue our coverage of this dramatic breaking news. at the moment, i want to continue our conversation with dr. lawrence palinkas. as you watch them prepare to put that phoenix tube down in, as you have studied cases in the past, what are the physical stresses and the psychological

stresses on these miners once they get that tube? >> well, undoubtedly because of the because of the lack of daylight and because of the ability to regulate the body's circadian rhythms, these bodies are going to be tested physically and also emotionally, so being able to perform at that level deals with a great deal of cognitive focus is going to be a challenge for them. even if it's only for that brief period of time that they're traveling through the tunnel. psychologically, they spent the last two months away from family, concerns about the welfare of family, it's probably been more important to them than even their own physical condition. and even though that may not be

as important during the 20 minutes that they're in the tuch tunnel, it's certainly something that has set the stage for them. the fact that we have had some difficulty sleeping as some of the relatives have been reporting, the fact that they are fatigued, the facts that they have been living in an environment of very restricted stimulation are things that they bring with them once they enter that tunnel and return to the surface. >> and doctor stay with us, you were seeing moments ago the dark pictures of the the encompment encompment -- encamp meant. you see the bench at the top of the shaft, we're doing our best to give you the live photos from the scene. the darkness will camp indicate it but we will stay on it. we have heard all of the experts say this has never been done before, we have never experienced anything like this before, what can we compare it to?

you have studied people in conditions in antarctica, in outer space, what can you compare this to? >> we are writing a new chapter in the experience of isolation and confinement. back in the days of polar exploration when explorers like scott namanson made dashes to the south pole and often times were forced to spends an additional year in the antarctic simply because their shifts had been encased in ice and they weren't able to return thome. that might be the closest parallel that we come to in this situation because in both instances, the isolation confinement is involuntary, these people, miners certainly didn't expect to be spending the next two months under ground the day that they went to work two months ago. so that probably comes closest. nowadays when we have regularly scheduled travel to and from remote and isolated locations,

including the international space station, delays are often measured in a matter of days if not weeks, certainly not in a matter of months. >> you make an important point about that, so we'll watch this and as we watch what we hope is a miracle unfolding before us tonight, the obvious, immediate pressures and questions are when the miners reach the surface and what medical condition are they in and what care go they need and the first time they see light for 60 days. assuming all goes well and these miners are rescued, what are the guide posts you would check on down the road to check on the skraumt adjustments back if you will? >> some of these individuals have already begun to exhibit symptoms of post-traumatic stress. largely for the first 18 days of the confinement, they didn't

even know if the outside world was aware they were alive or not and they didn't know if rescue was a possibility. undoubtedly individuals will begin to exhibit symptoms of withdrawal, of avoidance, anything that will remind them of the situation they went through, physiological changes will occur, any time they are reminded. but in addition to that, there may be individuals who experience what's called post traumatic growth. in other words they'll have come to the conclusion that if they can survive this event, they can survive pretty much anything and they will emerge from this with an enhanced sense of self-confidence or self-efficacy, but all of them i think will go through a process of trying to define the meaning of this in their lives. not only trying to answer the question why me? why was i the one down there that day?

but also what happens now? where do i go from here? how should i interpret this as a significant event in my life. undoubtedly all of them will be wrestling with for the next three to six months. >> you're watching live pictures from the scene, right at the top of the triangle shaped structure that you see, there's a wrench that will drop the phoenix capsule inside to mine shaft. it looks like a city sewer, it will take that capsule down a half mile deep and by midnight, the first of these miners that have been trapped will come out. we're going to take a quick break.

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live pictures there, you see darkness falling at the scene of a dramatic breaking story tonight. that is the golden copper mine in copiapo, chile. the phoenix capsule is on the ground at the feet of those workers, they are trying to lower it within the next couple of hours and by midnight tonight, they believe they will bring the first of 33 miners trapped a half mile inside that mine for 69 days now.

in a moment, we'll check in with our reporters on the scene. also on the scene is the president of chile. he has been visiting the mine. he believes after 69 days what he calls a long journey is about to reach its conclusion. >> translator: i hope that tonight is going to be an explosion of happiness and joy. i know that tonight there going to be happiness in all chilean homes and also as i have been able to see with my own eyes that the whole world is going to share this joy of these 33 miners and the 33 million chileans, we're going to have an unforgettable night. >> as the president is on the scene waiting for this to unfold, and again, that structure you see on your screen is the wrench. you see the wheel of the wench on top, that will lower one

capsule down. that process could take 24 hours or longer as it goes forward, there is communication in the pod, there will be oxygen masks for those coming up as well. as we will see how this plays out. also on the scene was the chilean health minister that explained to the family members and to the worldwide audience listening, what they're worried about most as those miners get into the pod and make their way to the surface. >> the condition we fear the most and we are trying to prepare these men for the acute distress condition they have to face during those 15, 20, or 25 minutes and i think they're going to make it. >> dr. sanjay gupta is with us and when the health minister talks about a panic attack and

trying to prepare the miners for that panic attack they might face once they're in the phoenix ka capsule and coming up the shaft, a describe from a medical sense, from a lay sense i think i know what that is, but how do you prepare for a panic attack? >> it's a profound sense of anxiety, but the physical component is what doctors want to be mindful of. someone could drop their blood pressure, become quite faint even pass out, that could be a terrible situation, you can't really maneuver someone's body at that point, you can't put their head below their heart, all the things you might do when somebody is passed out. sedation has been ruled out as a possibility. so it's going to be a lot more about constant communication with the miner as they are being rescued and also the preparation down in the mine itself by the medical workers making sure for example there's enough blood pressure within the body using

things like pressure garments, using salt tablets so even if they do start to become vagel, which means you start to lower your blood pressure enough, that they don't start to have physical consequences as a result of the so everyone's going to be different. there are some people that is going to be a walk in the park for them, and other people this is going to be a nightmare, so it's hard to predict exactly how it's going to affect any given individual, john. >> sanjay, the miners were trapped on august 5, it is august 23, when they get a probe drilled through the rock where they're able to communicate with them and they're able to get them food and water and medicines if necessary. knowing at that point, august 23, they knew it would be a couple of months, they weren't sure exactly how long, in terms of diet and nutrition, sustenan sustenance, what are the challenges, what do you do specifically knowing these gentlemen could be down there

for quite some time? >> it's an interesting thing and it's safe to say again that what's happening is really unprecedented in all sorts of different scenarios including the medical one, you want to make sure you're providing a good, healthy diet, obviously, but people who can't get exercise that are in this hot, humid condition, that their cardiac system, their heart and their respiratory system don't start to really diminish significantly, that could be a real problem, certainly during the rescue itself but also during the immediate aftermath. the types of food they had chosen, some of the folks needed to become a little leaner to partake in the rescue mission itself, and food with a certain amount of sodium so the cardiovascular system remains optimized, these may sound like trivial things, but they become so important in cases like this as these miners come up in the

next few days as they're being rescued. >> that is some of the first video that came back to the surface once they drilled that hole and they were able to get not only food and water down into the hole but also a camera. and in the town now is our patrick opman who has been on the scene at the mine but now is in the town. describe for us the mood among the town's people there as they know this moment they have been waiting for is now an hour or two ahead of them. >> reporter: and what an amazing evening it is, hundreds of people have left work, come into the streets, right behind me here, looking at the wide screen tv, they say they will stay here all night, all morning until we see every one of these miners freed. we see hundreds of people pouring into the streets of times square where many of these miners are from, this is the hometown of many of these

miners, their friends, some people who don't even know them have come out here to show their support. this is the mining country for chile, this is not only a way of life, it is the way of life. they want to see all these miners come up safe. they are holding flags saying long live the miners. there's excitement and electricity in the air tonight, as people are driving about 30 minutes or so from the mine, these people are with the miners in spirit. they all want to see them come home safely. >> patrick, stay right there, beale check back with you, a dramatic sense of anticipation building as it should, the entire town, and especially of course the family members of the 33 trapped miners waiting for a miracle to unfold tonight. we will keep an eye on this story. those pictures you see, that is the encampment around the mind. we do not control this camera, that is why sometimes it turns away from the dramatic scene,

the building scene and the construction right at the top of the shaft where the phoenix capsule will soon be lowered down into the shaft. we don't control the camera, but we'll bring this video to u you. [ male announcer ] you're at the age where you don't get thrown by curve balls. ♪ this is the age of knowing how to get things done. ♪ so why would you let something like erectile dysfunction get in your way? isn't it time you talked to your doctor about viagra? 20 million men already have. ♪ with every age comes responsibility. ask your doctor if your heart is healthy enough for sex. do not take viagra if you take nitrates for chest pain, as it may cause an unsafe drop in blood pressure. side effects may include headache, flushing, upset stomach, and abnormal vision. to avoid long-term injury, seek immediate medical help for an erection lasting more than four hours. stop taking viagra and call your doctor right away

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capsule, you can't see it because the workers have it surrounded. we continue control that camera. the phoenix capsule, they're working on it. checking the oxygen inside, the communication, the cameras and the lighting inside. the phoenix capsule, one at a time is going to bring those 33 miners back to the surface. there again you see the scene at the the top. let's wander through the timeline just to refresh your memory of how this ordeal has played out. it was on august 5 that the mine collapsed. 2,300 feet under ground, 33 miners trapped. it was august 22, the miners second a note saying they're alive. imagine the stress on the families, the stress on the miners there,'s the president of chile holding that note august 27, into the ordeal.

on august 26, the miners send a video message to their families saying they will survive and voicing their determination to survive this ordeal. august 30, the month-long rescue plans begin, they start drilling down plan a, b and c, it is plan b that made it down. on october 9, the drill pierces the roof, where they are, essentially the bunker under ground, the drill pierces the roof on october 9. these are miners that have been trapped down there all this time. this is the young healthy might be -- miner who has been manning the camera, he is is first one coming up. dr., this miner was chosen on purpose because he is young, because he is in good health, because he is believed to be memory about as sharp as any of the miners down there, because they want to have constant and good communications with them on the way up essentially to test how fast should we go, how bumpy is the ride, how much stress is

being caused for him. explain why that is so important. we have lost dr. palikas. dr. sanjay gupta, can you pick that one up? in terms of using one of the miners who's of sharp mind and spirit, why is that important to be the first miner up, not somebody who, say, might need medical attention? >> i'm sure they're all feeling a little apprehensive about what this is going to involve, whether there will be any drawbacks or any risks or hazards, having one of the healthier miner who is possesses both the physical and the psychological resources necessary to make the transit

through the tunnel will be, i think a source of assurance for the rest of the miners knowing that if that one individual will make it and essentially set the trail or blaze the path if you will, that level of reassurance will make that process much easier for the rest. as i said the greatest anxiety is going to be among the first to go and the last to go. there's going to be a gate deal of psychological as well as physical strength to endure that rescue attempt will definitely be reassuring for the reminder of the miners. >> the viewers are seeing these pictures as they come in to us. that is all part of the preparations, a lot of preparations, first the mechanical, the engineering work, then obviously having the medical teams on stand by as well. you see the medical workers who

have been working on the capsule. two nasa employees who were in chile to help with the rescue operation. as you watch these dramatic pictures unfold, take us back to your time there, obviously what you're seeing now is part of the plan you helped consult with, as we are an hour or so away from starting to lower the cab suddenly down, what do you see as the immediate challenge. >> obviously the immediate challenge is to make sure there are no contingencies that occur, whether that be falling rock as the cab suddenly descends and ascends properly as designed and that the miners can with stand the physiologics s aspects of gg up in a small tube, 21 inches in diameter and if your blood pressure falls you don't have a lot of ability to recuperate that by lying down. >> go through what your questions were while that you

were in chile and the preparations being made psychologicpsyc psychologically to prepare the miners psychologically not only for that's isolated trip up, but for the world waiting on the surface? >> the first order of business was to try to alter their mind set from a short term sprint mind set to a marathon set of expectations as to how long they would be confined and we wanted to give them some information on individual and team management and confinement because there is a way to do that and third we did want to talk with the the circadian issues, their sleep-wake cycles, so they would have more stability, sleep, rest, and finally reintegration back into the home. >> we have been discussi ing throughout this hour and throughout the past 69 days, this has never been done before, each of you please, relay why

nasa, what experience does nasa have, some of it is obvious to us, those long voyages up in the space station, but take those experiences and your expertise and how you applied them to this situation here. >> it was actually surprising to al and i and mike duncan one of our other colleagues when we got down to chile, we had some preconceived notions as to what would apply from space fright to the mine. and as we go into the operation, and learned more about the conditions the miners were having to endure, more and more aspects of what we do actually applied. and it was quite surprising, that may relay from nutrition, including refeeding folks who have been at decreased nutrition or starving. we had planned on contingencies for the space shuttle in orbit in case the crew needed to decrease their calories. the fluid loading protocol that

they're going through now to make sure that their blood pressure stays up is very close to what we use and adapted from the one that we use on the space shuttle. using the psychological aspects, for long duration space flight as well. there are many aspects that actually apply from space flight that were actually even surprising to us. >> from that point when somebody comes back, do you know in a week if they're making the integration? do you know in a month? does it take three months or six months? >> actually it's a process that begins when they come out immediately and it extends for several months and there are sim different stages a person is likely to go through, first they're going to come out to the media and reunification to their

families so you warvelt to allow them to adjust to the clamor as they're going to have to adapt again to getting back to the daily laundry and picking up the reins of their normal lives. they'll be looked at, they'll be offered the opportunity to have counseling, to touch base in a systematic way with a professional over a period of six months or so. and it will be important for the professionals to follow both them and their families. > >> they were in chile to help with the planning for this dramatic rescue operation you see under way. dr. sanjay gupta is still with us, a quick break as you see the wench that will lower the phoenix capsule into that mine. by midnight tonight, the 33 miners should begin to come back to the surface. we're following a dramatic news story, stay with us. [ commentator ] lindsey vonn! she stays tough!

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this is a mining community and people who know the miners. right now i'm next to a school teacher of two of the miners. she said that she will be here throughout the night watching. she will bet 1200 through.

a lot are having a bubbly celebration with wine and they are so looking forward to this evening and looking forward to the possible and hopeful good result. so right now you have a lot of relatives watching this on

television, too. they are bringing two sets of relatives here as they bring the miners up and ap tent is outside the facility here and when a miner comes up, they will get to meet with their loved one in a special reunion room and then they will be flown in a helicopter to a nearby hospital for a thorough examination. it could take until thursday or friday. but they are hopeful, expecting and excited about a good outcome here. john? >> thank you. we'll keep in touch as it unfolds. you can see the workers right here. there are the giant wheels of cable that is going to lower the phoenix capsule. there is also a communication capsule. we're going to take a quick break and we'll be right back. we're watching this dramatic operation unfold. they are expecting the capsule to arrive within the next couple of hours. stay with us. over a hundred etfs.... ...chosen by the unbiased experts at morningstar associates.

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we're back with continuing coverage of this dramatic news about the mine. you can see a cable going down and we're making assumptions but it looks like a communication cable of some sort. these yellow steel, the triangle here, that is holding the winch that will ultimately lower the phoenix capsule that will go down, carrying a rescue worker down. dr. sanjay gupta is with us. we're trying to get a sense from you from a medical planning standpoint, when the anticipation gets so high, what is going on right now down in that bunchrunker?

>> at this point after so many days, they want to make sure that they've dotted every i and crossed every t and address every potential concern. minor or major. we've talked about minor concerns can turn into more problematic kurns. i think that's something that you will see. you know, when you think about this 15 to 20 minute rescue mission for each miner, you've got to look at the worst case scenario. if someone becomes light-headed or faints or passes out, that could be problematic. giving fluids to the person being rescued, giving too much could cause problems. making sure the heart is pumping as effie