photographers. i don't think they are applied because i have actually seen presidents reached out and catch the cameraman because they are going to fall. frequently as i was saying and serious you have to walk backwards for long distances while you carry doing things, getting out of people's way, and a lot of these television are behind you and fall down and people reached out and catch you. so in that respect i would say humanity is present. >> in capturing did you ever get frustrated by how you're images are viewed? and i think as being a photographer and shooting ikons, do you ever get, do you ever

want to see the beverly hills photograph more out than the shot at the capitol? >> that is a great question. one way to answer is where john lennon be irritated in the way he heard his songs to imagines to sell the cars? and i would say the same purell what i actually have statistical data of what an image in mind is of the biggest seller of them all, the absolute biggest. that is a big seller but not the biggest seller. the biggest seller is right to my right to. it's the american flying in a blue sky, go figure. so consequently when i published a catalog of my images and we have started little dots, when

you travel on a giant map. this shot sold a three times in this 09 times, this one is sold 187 times. what is that shot? in the american flag in a blue sky. now you would think that any time can take that shot. however, if you work in new york it is a rainy day, you need a shot of the american flag in five minutes, that is where i come in because my shot is a perfect shot of the american flag. no tears, no wrinkles, just perfect flowing in the win. so on a larger basis if you really think about it for a guy that is presumably loving america and he wants to photograph to marcy in some ways it just seems right that my biggest selling sean would be american flag. i wouldn't tell my american european that. welcome and thank you very much.

i appreciated. [applause] >> joseph sohm close have been published over for a thousand times in national geographic time, "the new york times", the washington post and others. for more information visit visionsofamerica.com.

john merriman, history professor at yale recounts the destination of a bomb in a paris cafe on february 12th, 1994 by french and artist emile henry. he examines henry's ideological arguments for his active indiscriminate violence and documents in the ensuing years of attacks by other interests in public locations which included the assassination of the president of france and u.s. president william mckinley. the event hosted by labyrinth books in new haven, connecticut is 45 minutes. >> thanks for coming. i guess i'll start at the beginning about emile henry, the guy that i studied. i don't remember when i got interested in him. i remembered reading about him

in high school and a glass minute. i guess if you're going to take one person as an example as a prism on which two look at a movement is good to pick someone who lives to be 21 when he was guillotined and this is a much shorter book. it is also given me the odd experience three times now to eat in the same cafe restaurant that my books subject blew up over 100 years ago and that's a very odd sensation as while. and i don't admire emile henry, i wanted to understand his hatred so i followed him around for a couple of years. followed him every where, every where he lived have been, china even -- i don't want to get arrested for burglary but i've been into most of the places he lent. been to the places they put one of his bombs, the first bomb that blew up some people. i went out to find where his

mother had moved after they moved back from spain, more about that in a minute, and so i try to understand his hatred. is a book about that but it is also a book about terrorism and now i guess the original version i had about nine pages at the end comparing emile henry and, terrorism and state terrorism because that is part of the problem. most people who are killed by terrorists are killed by state terrorists and this was the case of the paris commune. i took that out and what is contemporary about it, what is now about it is suggested in the first part of it but anyway i went to follow emile henry around. what he did in february of '89 before he left his apartment on the rough and he had a bomb and

went downtown. there is a scene in the great place for at the end and a man who is hardly an anarchist, of an impoverished noble and and the end he is at a cemetery in the northeast quadrant of paris. at the very and he waves his hand down and point toward will become increasingly and says unclean lee of it is for, you and me. he meant he was going to make his way to the top by sleeping with the right people. emile henry linda if most of his time in paris, almost all he lived in one place and he looked down on paris, the fancy quarters and he hated that. so on a day in february 1894 he took his, and walked up the avenue toward that kind of guild

of wedding cake and he went to one restaurant, the cafe american, and there weren't enough people to kill so he went to the restaurant that is no longer there and he went to the opera and wasn't just appropriately so he could not get into the opera to kill. then he went to a cafe that is still there but it wasn't fallen off so he ended up going to this cafe terminus just around the corner and he went in and bought two beers, anarchists used to debate a lot whether he had paid for the beer or not. they argued over the right to theft and most anarchists for non-farmers of course, and must not leave it and that it. he paid for his two beers and he sat there for a while so the place filled up and people are going in and out, listening to some music, bad music before

they went home after having drunk a beer, went home to bed and ordered a cigar. he laughed and then lit a cigar, through its and it bounced off a chandelier and went down and killed one person who died a month later. he wounded a lot. he had killed before and this was no sort of it -- it was revolutionary in mortality quest for the same, but he was not suicide. he ran like hell in order to kill again and he was drawn down by a motley group of policemen who was shot by emile henry with a pistol and save to buy not his badge and his wallet. and then a berber with the tools of his trade and several others to jump on him and then get him and take him off to the slammer. then he was in jail and he was

guillotined in people's paris in may and 1894. after a magnificent declaration that was read by all sorts of working people in which he said why he had done what he.com it was this guy? what did he hit so much and why did he kill? while, had to become an anarchist? there are two interesting things about him which is part of the story. one is that he was not a marginal character like the infamous counterfeiter turn a murderer born in abject poverty who tried to -- who did the blood to the province trying to take revenging as magistrates. he was not a marginal at all. he was an intellectual. and secondly the target that he picked on that day or not like others, the people's will in

russia where they were not at all an anarchist group but they appear to representatives of the state. in the pick a bizarre or policeman and six or seven heads of states get picked up by anarchists including mckinley in buffalo, new york. but what was different about emile henry is that he took these bourgeois who are having a beer rate before bed and he said, they are the enemy. and i will kill them, they are with our. it is at the same time in the theater in barcelona, exactly the same time people john bonds into ordinary people and blow them up to and so that is what is important about terrorism because they're not shooting people with badges or corrupt officials or shooting as a state or in the case of the spouse of franz josef, that the emperor of austria and hungary who hated her husband gets or who was

killed in a vengeance in the summer of it 1894. he does one have to kill the way that quote gone quote terrorists did in upon jab in the 1920's or the very famous scene everyone remembers in the battle of algiers where you follow the women in it and you have a great deal of sympathy for her cause. at least i.com the algerian cause. and then you see the people that are going to be blown up by the bomb. it is a horrifying scene. and with emile henry he loved it all the people that he was going to get so these two things make an interesting and the third thing which i will end with is to stay terrorists and that is where he really began because his father who was called the fortun road bad poems and was in a paris commune and he saw state terror of close.

between 15 and 25,000 people were slaughtered by the armies of of the republican 1871. and his father fortun was elected from the tenth district which is around and so he was condemned to death in absentia and got the hell out, he was very lucky slipping to the lines and ended up in barcelona where emile henry was born in 1872. he had an older brother also called a fortun and a younger brother called jules. so there were cases through no fault of their own of downward mobility and father. >> with amnesty in 1879 and. >> a couple years later and came up with the mercury poisoning that he contracted not of the mind but in factories in catalonia and he died in 1882. so emile henry was a sensational

student. made some very different rather -- through a little tired, the country would have tried to create an frustrated or freshman chemistry. through it and the chamber and killed and nobody, just a man who was guillotined, an honorable guy threw a sad sack and everything had failed. fortun -- emile it was a great student and could be admitted to one of of the great colleges. he passed the riss exam but he flunked the second, a friend through a stink bomb of his taking the tests and he failed but he could have taken in again but he did not appear he would have been an engineer in the army, imagine that. so he started working in a bunch of places as an accountant and he went through two phases.

one trying to contact his deceased father. he became a spiritous. victor hugo was a spiritous appear to try to contact you're deceased relatives and he tried to do that to contact his dad. he loves his mom who needs to go visit her out in this oddly not that far away from for absolutely call of the cultural place a few years back. he used to go out to see his mother but then he fell in love with this woman as far as the relationship never existed and she had the disadvantage of being married to one of her brothers and our cust friends. and i've got no where, he made clumsy efforts and got nowhere. that did not drive him to become an anarchist, what drove him to be an anarchist was living in haiti than 20 of area among the best people he had ever known.

the anarchism who was in italian anarchists and one who was long dead but anarchism at that time was in the newspaper published and he gradually became an anarchist in those days. the places he lived helped create this hatred. as i said he lived in an area of the streets that don't matter now but they did to him. there is an underappreciated novel from 1898 in which a priest who like to the r.e.m. song is losing his religion and he goes onto the roof to try to help the repoire. he has a brother who was an anarchist to probably left and lived in an area where there

aren't many anarchists. but this priest losing his religion played soccer corps which is truly one of the most miserable of the churches in paris and the most important thing in was built in penance after the communists and more of 1870's paris commune and was billed on the place with a drag iran and china tests before they blew their brains out during bloody week in 1871. and in this novel the anarchist a brother of the pri's losing his religion to give the story together, he dreams of blowing up sacre ceour. when i went to jazz on high school, i have fantasies like that too. but any way he dreams of blowing up sacre ceour. this is before the big bell which was cast. we even went to see where it was cast and it was before the bell

was there to keep people away call the time. and he hated it is of the anarchist hated this because of not because they believed religion like the army propped up the state and capitalism and in the 19th century it is not the consolidation of state power because that is what it is so anarchism the trident. it was not a bill for many people and this was sort of an effective allusion after world war i that these are the groovy days for everybody danced about and of the cubist paintings. it was an unhappy miserable time for the poor and the underemployed. in these neighborhoods with the side of this monstrous as the law, that it was in and this big debate in that emile learned how to hate. he did not speak in the use, the real dangerous folks were always

on the end of the movement because these places were full of police bias. in a secret agent by joseph conrad, everybody is a police spy. the attacks are run out of the russian embassy. in chester sins demands thursday, each man named after the day of the week. they're all police bias so there are lots of anarchists but the ones like emile that you had to watch other was bouncing back and forth between london, the harder they entered his committee ironically enough is parts and elegant part of london now charlotte street and all of that but that was very poor, the autonomy club on windmill street. two those of the ones you have to watch and so he becomes one of the individualist groups of anarchists, that is the bombers. prop propaganda by the deed as opposed to the association who would be the future.

after all of that. now he had killed before in 1892. in 1892 at 11 avenue which is still there, i have gone into various times, they found a package in front of a the carmaux mining company. there were big time strikes in the town in the south of france with a great socialist on the 31st of july in 1914 lived. they found a package and i guess one of these bonds they should have been more careful about the white powder that was falling out of the package. there are two kinds of bombs. dynamite leveled the playing field. in the way that roadside bombs leveled the playing field now. invented by nobel of the nobel prize in 1865 and the others were irreversible bomb, you

could buy chemicals together and they blow upon the table so they found this bomb in 1892 in november and they carry it downstairs, put it down, they notice that there was powder dripping out but they called the policeman and said we had better carry to the police station. it is still there and then go in and poppa down on the table and it blows up and their legs and arms sadly are everywhere, five policemen are butchered. emile left for london the next day, this is november 1892, his first attack, and he was on the list of suspects, was his brother. but they said he could not have done it even though he wrote 11 skews, he said he was not feeling well and left for london. a taken off the list of suspects and said he could not have done it because he couldn't have worked for his boss in the station of than north, done to aaron's, run all the way down and if you know paris, if you don't it doesn't matter, to go

all the way down speaking of churches, go up to get the bomb, anarchist's are always on the top floor or, of course, people live, brought the bomb down, put it on 11th avenue and then gone on to the second triumph and then work in two hours in 15 minutes. he could not have done it. in 1894 when he was on trial for the other bomb, he said he could have done it so of course i love stuff like this, i replaced the metro and on the bus with buses and replaced a carriage for which his boss had given him money with a cabin. icahn could not turn left because of construction like in new haven. it was slightly better. paris being anti did in two hours and 18 minutes. i could not get into his apartment building, i tried it

but did not want to get arrested for burglary so i time it. he did a plus when he did every construction he knew everything that was in that place. everything. so he did that too. so what happens to emile, they put him on trial for his life. in april of 1894 and he gives this amazing performance in his declaration which working people read and people still read it -- he said johannes in chicago as a market, the four hong bobbing in the wind. you have garrett to the us in spain. i remember in 1975 when i was very young as franco was about to die clutching the left elbow up saying something they were detained and anarchist in

barcelona. you shot at them in germany and you guillotined us in france like to he tried to avenge by killing people which is not good, but what you can never do is extinguished the roots of anarchism. there are too deep. of course, he was wrong. he was wrong about that in that for a couple reasons. anarchism is still terribly born in places where the impact of this day was seen as an imposition on the local folks paris summit once said that a language is a dialect with a provo army. witness catalonia and invaded and conquered by the castilians and that is certainly true or in southern italy where the state seemed to be tax collectors and fill the rich industrialists from the shrine bowl of the milan and turin.

and, of course, in barcelona anarchism is terribly -- terribly important. to understand the mentality and will tell you a quick story. it's a pretty good story, the true story of the 1890's and is about an anarchist who is dying. he married into a fairly religious family and he is dying and in one part of the room is his wife's family to wish he would make his peace with god and the other side is his family to heed to religion and hit them all. and so when somebody from his wife's family says, paul, wouldn't you like to call a lawyer? wouldn't you like to call a lawyer to make you're will come and then somebody else went to like to call a priest to hear you have been a good man with a few weak moments in your life. he finally said yes bring me a lawyer, yes a britney priest.

joy on one side, consternation on the other. and the priest and a lawyer, it has a lawyer kid and shows up and comes and leans down and he says, you have not much but to own a fork and you have one goal and maybe would like to write a will. he said wait a minute and then the priest comes over and says i have as seen in church ever but you were going to meet your maker. don't you have something you want to tell me about how you have to live and he said, just wait one minute. joy and consternation and filing them and is failing and says to the lawyer, please come and stand on my left side of my bed and he says to the priest, please come and stand next to me on the right side. then he looks up with a smile and says now like jesus christ i can die between to thieves. [laughter]

to understand the relationship between the state, organized religion from the point of view of the anarchist, one has to understand how they view this and so when emile henry does his declaration he says about the petty bourgeois, he tried to kill them all and would have killed again, he says they are always with the big guys. there with the fat cats in the heat the people whose class they have come out of or they hate them, the patty bourgeois. as once a the university of michigan library and on the first and only sort of account of the first and last world congress meeting of the patty bourgeois appropriately and brussels in 1898 and then he says this, he writes his mom various letters, because this huge panic of the bombs and there are all sorts of big bombs. if you go to the airport to his

novel the explosions of bags left behind that are put in these things to blow up suspicious objects, those were invented precisely at this time of the dynamize so coses and there are lots of heat mail. i have read in pardons, literally hundreds of threats in all of paris saying i'm going to blow you up. you are mean to your domestics, you are mean to the people who live in your building, and we are going to blow you up. but what happens is it doesn't work out the way fortun thought it was, he had a brief moment of it revolutionary immortality and that is like what is going on now. execution seems still very paramount with emma goldman and a dream about what is going to be like when they are executed and this will be a mobilizing of other people the way that in

terror now, but what happens and here i'm going to answer you can ask questions if you have any, it has to do with state terror. hasted do with state terror, the kind that his father saw up close in 1871 because of the french state passes a bunch of laws, the last of which lasted until 1992 which made anyone guilty by the biggest association with anarchists that if you loan an anarchist a pen and then he does some awful deed propaganda by the deed is what they call it, then you too can be convicted. in italy at the same time they were beating up anarchists even if they were two violence, they were torturing them in spain. ..