any children? because then they would have helped me. oh, and now my crack addict because they would've help me then also. so it's great to have books like this, and god knows i'm proud of my father. and i'm proud of tony and everyone and everyone here, and all of that. but we have to unveil what we really ashamed of. you know, in this country. and i'm sorry, but this country, we have got to get it together. [applause] >> . .

>> and so the first thing i want to do is acknowledge every one in this room for all of your help and in particular you get to bare with me. to start with, there's a man by the name of rashad. he's the ceo of an organization called relief international. where it not for him and the incredible work that he and his team were doing, i would not have been in pakistan and darfur. i'm very grateful.

my great friend just mentioned bob kindle. bob was very supportive of our fund raising efforts for pakistan after the hurricane. very grateful for bob for that. the team from select books, they are never going to get enough credit. they work tirelessly behind the scenes. so i want to single out kenji and his son and also nancy who edited the book. all of them who made it much better than i could have done on my own. now we're in the halls tonight and one the reasons that we're here is because a lot of my photographic images are on their walls. the reason is because i support their mission. one the first things i want to do is thank alyssa who's helped organization and bob dunn who you heard earlier.

i'm prepared to add a little bit to the photographic images on the wall. i noticed last time that all of the images. [applause] >> for those of you that are watching at home, it's sometimes difficult to single out the images we're talking about. i'm going to hold the image next to me for a minute. i took this picture in a refugee camp near el parker. this is a child who's living there, who's still full of life

and passion and compassion for everyone around her. i'm finding in the exhibitions, i'm doing the speak to a lot of people. i want to give it to a lis 15, who helped organization the event tonight. [applause] >> okay. so david martin, he and i had the pleasure of going to peru together a couple of years ago. i guess it would be almost a small thing to say, but we bonded. 24/7 for 14 days. you get to know somebody. and he and his wife had been incredible in support of this book. i told them a few months ago that i had a gift for them. i kept meaning to mail it so i couldn't get around to him. i'm going to hand it to colleen if she will come up here for one second. for those of you at home, this

is cover image for your support of the book. >> and there's a person here tonight, you know, who never gets enough credit. his name is peter buffett. let's give peter a round of applause. you might think -- [laughter] >> you know, it just doesn't get concern you know, why i'm singling him out tonight. he was the first person that read the book. and in an author's life, that's a really big deal. because you sit around in the dark, some people would say in their underwear writing a book. well, it was a fairly fast process for me. because i've experienced afghanistan. but i know that there was a moment in time where i needed somebody to read the book. i reached out to peter. peter, i'm grateful that you were the first person to read it. kind enough to give me the quote for the back cover. much, much more importantly,

over many years. and with the book in particular, it was a push forward that i really needed at the time you gave it. now a book -- some books have forward, some books don't. if the author is not well known, it always helps to have a forward by somebody who's better known. forward serves that purpose of course. it's also important because the forwards sets the tone for what the book might be about. a forward tells the reader why it's important to take the time to read the book. which is something even though there's a lot of pictures, i hope people will take the time to read the text. and forward endorses the content. but for a reader, a forward also explains the author in a way that the author can't explain himself or herself. so i asked jennifer to write the forward to this book. and i did it for a number of reasons. an the personal side, it was easy. jennifer and i have have been friend for a lot of years.

we share the love of the natural world. i thought in particular, she knows me, she knows how i think and what i'm about. and when it comes to the mission and the things that are covered in the book, she really walks the role with grace. and she walks the talk. she knows what's going on in challenges places around the world and is not afraid to navigate them. do what she can to make those places better for the people who have been marginalized by the west for many, many years, centuries, in fact, tonight i'm giving jennifer an image from peru. has something to do with this book. but it's one of my favorites. and it's two little girls in kosovo. as the photograph, i sat on a street corner for an hour and a half and i thought i'm going to let the pictures come to me. there was my favorite from that

experience. so it's two sisters. [applause] so during the past month i've had the chance to speak quite a bit around the country. i've shared the personal journey which for me was transfortive about the work that's articulated in the book and the work being done around the world. i had the pleasure working with pakistan and darfur. i didn't visit any of these countries with the intention of writing the book. in fact, that never really entered my mind until i got back and started showing some of the pictures and talking in public about some the experiences. what i did do, was i went there to photograph and document the

humanitarian work being done in each place. it takes on a different shape and different size no matter where you are. in the case of relief international, i was so enarmorred by what they were doing, i found the cord. as a writer, it was clear that i had a responsibility to share the stories of people in each country not just by poverty, hunger, or health, lack of education, it's much, much more than that. their lives have been torn apart by war, genocide, natural disaster, and forced relocation. i was invited to speak recently as part of the book tour in a small town in northern wisconsin, a town called three lengths. any cheers? three legs, wisconsin. i was asked to speak there on a friday night. i counted. there were 67 people in the audience. i was supposed to be a one-hour lecture.

most people were excited until they got in their seating. two and a half hours after i started, i wanted to say, everybody was still asking questions. still engaged, still dynamically interested in pakistan, afghanistan, darfur, and other countries around the world. hollywood, milwaukee, and recently here in new york city. when you think about, it's not civilian. taliban is not civilians. so book goes out of his way distinguish from the real people

from those who are armed or intended to cause problems. i know many of you who are in the room, you know that i value not just the strength by many gifts as my role models and applications for my ins ration. i spent hours with me sharing my own. and tonight i would like to do is what the book does best. which is talk not about my journey, but also the people who live in these great countries, afghanistan, pakistan, darfur. it's their story that has changed me. it's their story that i hope will change you. dealing with everyday hardship that i can't imagine. even having witnessed it myself. and we have to continue to value the same things that we have done. compassion, generosity, gratefulness. the journey started in

ethiopia. i was making a film there for pbs. i visited with with sick children in southern ethiopia. i was there to document the work with the children. after several days on the road with save the british and two four by fours traveling around about health care and reproductive rights and various things. the countryside stuck. they pulled over to about 2:00 in the afternoon. the field director said. two vehicles pulled over. we were in the middle of nowhere. the driver was not out of the box. and in the box. so everybody grabbed a sandwich. we were in a very remote part of ethiopia, and yet it was full of people. it's a know no maddic region.

nonetheless, break out our sandwiches. there is what had changed. unwrapping his sandwich. and we walked by and it's like the simplest thing, they shared the sandwich. what was impressive, the gentleman wasn't asking to share the sandwich. abraham didn't make eye contact with him. he knew what he kneaded to do. this guy probably needs half of his sandwich. he probably needs it more than i do. abraham without thinking about it.

well, every person that i have worked with for many, many years. our english language doesn't come close to describing what i did. it was years later when i saw abram ha share his sandwich with with someone. someone who wasn't fit. that's what i need. sharing without the subconscious way of thinking. so it was that notion that propelled all of the journey journeys since that then and the journeys that followed him. we had the phenomenon in the

united states. that implies you are going to get a cup. this is not that. >> we drove all over afghanistan. what's hard to imagine until you get there is that afghanistan has been in conflict, in a war, for more than a generation. i mean it's people that are 30 years old that have never

experience the anything but war. so they started -- most of us are old enough in the room to remember. it's started with the soviet invasion of afghanistan. they backed. not long after that, the soviets pulled out. and the taliban squared off against the northern alliance. not long after that, the u.s. invaded and went up against afghanistan. that's the conflict. what are some the repercussions of that? one i haven't heard in the news. maybe you have. the land mine problem is extraordinary in afghanistan. there are estimated seven to ten million land mines in afghanistan. they have a phenomenon there that i've never heard of it, mine migration. mine migration is when the spring snow melts and the dry gullies fill up, the land mines that they lifed one season, move around. they wind up in other places. even today, even though we are

not hearing about it, it continues to be a tremendous problem. if you are wondering if anybody is ever wondering whether there's anything at all, i find it hard to believe that there is. one the things that the taliban did with their land mines, they disguised them as toys. so the land mine problem continues to be a huge one. the other thing that obviously is getting a lot of press is the poppy and opium production that's going on there. when then leads to the government corruption. there's a very low life expectancy. very high infant mortality rate. i'm going to read a bit from the book at this point. when you get into the book itself, and you say how bad can it be for everyday people in afghanistan during the time of conflict? i want to share a story. it was a save the children worker i bet in maza shareef. i'll read the expert of the

human scars are hard to ignore anywhere in afghanistan. finding a family untouched by the loss of a loved one to an explosion, or death from battle or wounded suffered is nearly impossible. danger was and is a part of everyday life. during our dinner, i sat next to one the afghanistan workers for save the children. while the group ate and chatted, he shared his story with me. he had lost three brothers during the civil war with taliban. in a virtual lockdown, he and his wife had run out of food for their children. he knew if they went to market alone, he'd be killed. so he did what may seem unthinkable. he took his 3-year-old daughter with him to market in his arms. together he thought he'd be safe. there were some worlds, he thought, even in war, no one wanted to shoot a young girl. he was able to save his daughters life because she saved

his. his story is not unique. for more than 30 years it's been impossible to avoid the politics or realities of war in afghanistan. so it's easy when you hear something like that to say, okay. great. where's the hope? now i'm going to share a story about hope in afghanistan. on our last day, we were flying out late on a saturday, late afternoon. and our host said, you know, there's a school opening about 60 miles north. we want to get you guys up there to see the opening of the school. what made it particularly interesting for us and exciting for everyone involved that it was the first time the girls were being allowed to go to school. it was the first time that women were being allowed to teach in the school. so we got up to this little village. it was about maybe ten or 15 miles west. and we got there, there were balloons and confetti. it was exciting. the kids were hundreds of kids lined up. about an equal number of boys

and girls. we got into the main area. there was a podium not unlike this. and i don't speak the language. but there were four or five men who got up to talk. and i said roughly half of them by their misdemeanor, by the way they spoke, you could tell they were really not all that excited that girls were going to school. the other half were a little more engaged and seemed more excited about it. but the highlight for me, and i've been making films, the highlight was the 12-year-old girl was the last one to speak. if you can imagine, her head came up just barely above the podium. she got up to speak. and again, with i didn't speak the language. as she started to speak, the entire crowd transformed. and it was one of only two times in my entire professional career when i was actually working with a camera in my hands where i had tears streaming down my face. if i can imagine, girls are

going to school in afghanistan. it's still a challenge. it's still really hard. the battle for girls to go to school is not over. but they are going to school. >> all of the sudden a doctor from pakistan comes over. he says i understand you were just in afghanistan. he said, well, what are you doing from pakistan? i thought uh-oh. i go, what's going on in pakistan? what do i need to know about? at this point, it wasn't. this was late 2005. i said what do i need to know?

he said do you know about the earthquake. i said no. on october 8, 2005, on a saturday morning, more than 80,000 people lost their lives in an earthquake. and i really, -- i'm a fairly media savvy eye. i really do nothing about the earthquake. and i said, so tell me more. and he said well, 80,000 people dead, 2 million people displaced, homeless. where did it happen? it happened in the cashmere region. the area where people thought that osama bin laden was hiding out. he said, okay, i need to know more. he said he calls me when he needs someone to say yes. and doctor said would you think of going to pakistan? i said yes. now the question that we might ask is why did we not hear about

the pakistan earthquake? the reason that i've heard from a lot of people is that there was something called donor fatigue, media fatigue, there has been a big tsunami that wiped out large parts. we all heard about the tsunami. not long after that, there was hurricane katrina. we all know the pit falls of what happens in that crisis. but to give you a sense of the response, $85 billion were spent in hurricane relief for katrina within the first three months. in the entire time from pakistan it was about $6 billion from the entire global community. went into foreign aid. doctor was a board member. he said would you go? i said yes. i asked ben and mike, and they said yes. off we decided to go.

right before we were leaveing, a cartoonist decided to publish a cartoon. we all know what happened. well, it prohibited us into doing into islamabad at that time. we rebooked our trip and went. we worked with relief international for a couple of weeks. we went all over cashmere. our job was to document, and it's characterized in the book was to document the work that relief international was doing. but also to show the extent of the devastation and the homelessness, and the challenges people are facing. the work that i was doing was some of the same kind of work. they were doing health care along with all kinds of other health cares ngos includes the cuban and saudi. they were providing nutrition. they were providing food

security. they were providing housing for people on -- in addition to providing tents, they were actually constructing new earthquake resistant housing. since then they've gotten into all kinds of things. to providing life stock to replenishing the lively hood of people who lost it in their catastrophe there. to give you a sense of it though, we were in musafar. everything was devastated. there was a hillside going down to the big river. very wild river. and we were driving along. we saw the entire hillside. which had been a village. which at the time, it was nothing but rubble. now as a photographer, i can tell you, there's easy to take the wide shot. most of the people in the room, whether you are good, average, you can take the wide shot.

we see the world in wide shots. a lot of times the lessons that we can learn are in the closeups. so i asked them, can we stop here and get out? and we did. and the entire crew for about an hour and a half walked through the rubble of the earthquake looking for closeups. one the closeups that we found, and there's a picture of it in the book. the closeups that we found was a greeting card. it was a greeting card for eat day. it was about the time the earthquake happened. i asked one of our colleagues if they would collect. just to be safe, i put the picture in the book. we thought we had lost the card. last week i was in los angeles and the same women, she came up to me, gave me a big hug, and said guess what. i found the card. we have people who can translate later. i want you to see it. because this for me articulated

what it is like to have your life come to an end, an abrupt end in 80 seconds to do a devastates earthquake. i'm going to pass this around. >> as a fit journalist, i had witness dispair. nothing like this. schools had been reduced to piles of mud, homes were split in halving with framed by jagged cracks or crushed behind the wait of an unsupported roof. a few miles, i spent more than an hour walking in and a times climbing over the rubble of a village near the epicenter. i've been told that shortly after, widower would spend long hours, searching for lives lost so abruptly. they would search for hours

alone, wondering. on this day, months after the quake, i could see two men walking alone separated by hundreds of yards lost in their thoughts. what were they thinking, i wondered. how did they cope with the sudden loss of a wife, a child, a father, a mother, what meaning were they searching for? what hope could they find living in a tent? their possessions gone? lively hood lost, their family and memory. what comfort did they find returning to the rumble? i sat on the painted green slab. the cold began to sink in. as the rain washed away whatever energy was left from generations of memories. there were no recognizable structures. just piles of rubble spunk thed, a broken plate, a random shoe, a wedding photo, a bent headset, a crushed child's toy, a holiday card celebrating eat day. life had stopped in the middle

of a beautiful saturday morning four months earlier. so for me, again another life changing moment. but for the people there, a moment that none of us can fathom. in the book, i think i do -- i hope i do a good job of articulating the kind of work. all of which had nothing to do with politics, nothing to do with religion. it was simply that community showing up and doing what they needed to do. so now i'm going to turn to darfur. and in january of last year, january of 2008 by that point i had joined the port. i took it upon myself during one of the board meetings to go do similar work in darfur. darfur is a unique situation. because most of us know a little bit about it. even know i know not enough about it. but i did a little bit of homework before going to darfur.

i've tried to articulate some of the history in the book. because the conflict is different and takes on different same shape when you learn about how it impacted sudan. but the big reason for going was to again try to embrace the people who were displaced. blue this case, they were displaced by genocide. so the question is who were the victims of the genocide, where do they go when they are displaced? >> well, on our behalf, i went to a place called al fashr. it is a city of 75,000. right now it has swelled because of the aide workers. the commerce is booming. everybody needs bottled water. everybody needs food. the commerce there is booming. but what's fascinating about al fashr is just ten miles south is a camp called zam zam.

at time i got there, there were 40,000 people living in zam zam. and 600 more were arriving every week. they were being serviced by the best facility that relieve international could provide. but there's nowhere near enough support going. so with that, i think if i can give a voice to the people there in some way, i tried to do it in a book. i want to read you an exert about the people who have been marginalized bit conflict. the vimmages burned, their livelihoods destroyed. most of the families are no longer in tact. someone has died along the way, someone else has been raped, and other has been attacked and has a bullet inside a limb that doesn't work quite right.

the children, that witnessed things no adult or child should ever see. their nightmare is their reality. armed men, mercenaries, soldiers they know little about and have little contact with who have been sent to rape, pillage, destroy, and burn what's left. for thousands of innocent villagers, their only offense is their color. their took, their family, their culture, their faith. if they survive an attack, it's by running to avoid the final breath or wound too deep to heal. they may find an unfamiliar place to hide. a ditch. they may dive under the branches of a bush behind broken lumber. then, for the lucky ones, a relative may find them. or may be there's a rwandan soldier, some soldier who is wearing the right uniform.

sudanese military, maybe a border guard. sound confusing? it is. most of the refugees have lived isolated innocent lives unaware of the significance of the colors, burr rays, helmets, and i guess signature knee yas. if they are fortunate enough to reach the city of al fashr, they will spend their first hours trying to figure out who to trust. the man in the blue or red or beige? they will lucky to find an aide worker. someone to show up unarmed with a simple goal in mind. providing the security of a doctor, nutrition, clean water, mosquito net. darfur is not like anywhere else i've been to film or document. the conflict is man-made. if it can get worse, it does.

no matter who's to blame, it's a night ware for the only alliance to a family in the small community they've never left before they are forced. whatever resources or possessions they had, a one-room hut, a few cows, an acre of wheat, a pet dog, an old bicycle. those things no longer exist. the likelihood is that they will never return to whatever life they may be. and if they didn't have an enemy, before they were attacked, they do now. here it is. this is sand that the people who have been dispoliced living in the camp have walked on.

so again the question, when you are talking about zam, zam, is where is the hope? hope is found among the people, even in the camp like zam zam. it's found in the love they have for their children and their family. it's found in their generosity. when you think there's not enough for them to share, they find something else. hope is found in their willingness to keep going, to start up a new wisconsin, to build a better shelter. to find a way to get their children immunized, to get their children to a school. it's found in their innage knewty, in their faith, that something better is coming. we can't let them down, and we can't wait. each of us in the room, people watching at home, can do whatever we can do. whatever that is. before i finish up. and i promised i would take a

couple of questions, let me just say for those of you at home there are things that you can do. there are books to read, web sites, contributions to be made. whatever it is that works for you. but it's more than that. it's participating. i list several web sites in the back of the book. other books to read. but if you venture nowhere else, please take a minute and go to ri.org and look at work relief international is doing. take a minute to go to girleffect.org and learn the importance of empowering women around the world. take a minute to visit istheresomethingicando.org. if you can't remember those were go to duncanentertain.com. as of today, we put the things were things we can do, which is printed. we put that link on our web site. you have no excuse.

enough to go around isn't about government taking action. it's not about government at all. it's about doing whatever makes sense for each of us individually around the planet or right here in our own neighborhood. it's about what i described earlier. the word ayni. i hope it becomes part of who we are as we learn to share in natural act and that means sharing without having to think about sharing. thanks. so, those of you who want to duck over to get something to eat. i will take questions from anyone who has a couple. don't be shy. yes, ma'am? >> a few times you talked a

little bit in the box as well, things like it's not a coincidence that these three countries have a history of that. i'm wondering about your thoughts on how that has impacted their current situation, these three counties and others that you've been to. and what can be done to change things going forward. the history that it exists. what could be done differently perhaps than what is being done to go beyond the fallout? >> well, it is the case that when i -- when i started this trip, i had no idea that i'd be writing a book about these three places. it was pure coincidence. afghanistan doesn't quite qualify, they never really succeeded. they lost two major war there is. one the things that i think all of us are aware of is the enormous challenges and how people have been economically

and socially and in many ways marginalized bit west in particular over many, many centuries. if i were to look at one thing that certainly applies to pakistan and sudan is relative to european and the united states. they are still young. they are still finding their way. if you look at american history, we fought a civil war roughly 100 years after what we consider and the native american community might agree what we might consider the birth of the united states. so i think a lot of the growing pains are their growing pains. one the things that the people in this room and people in the west can do, don't try to dictate answers or solutions. but go there and listen. because not only will you find more ways to assist at the right time. but you'll also find that people in these countries around the world marginalize have enormous,

enormous intellectual capital to share with us. we can learn from them. so i do think it's time to stop imposing solutions and find out what they need. and listen. any other questions? now there are journalist in the room. >> president obama decided to take a step back before moving forward with editional troops. you've been there. you've been to pakistan. if you had an opportunity to speak to president obama, what would you offer his advice as this point in time? >> well, he hasn't called. but i think sometimes when i rook at the issues that plague large parts of south asia, the issue sometimes are similar to the cold war issues that the

u.s. and the soviets faced for a long time. one the things i'd love to see is obviously i'm a fan of diplomacy. i'm a fan of dialect. i'd love to see the summit where iran is brought into the solution. we do listen to him. i think when it comes to a military solution in afghanistan, i know there are enormous pitfalls to pulling out. because it's not -- it's a very complex situation. but i do not think the answer is a military answer. very having been there, seen it, having driven all through the northern parts of the country. it's not afghanistan in particular is not a place where centralized government has ever been effective. whether there's been outside powers there or not. it's not a country that really operates on the concept. i think in terms of things we could share, i think sharing a judicial system that is truly

based on equity and fairness would be enormously positive. the judicial system, the difference between iraq and afghanistan is extraordinary. but a lot of what we see in afghanistan are people -- people will call them victims, tribal, everybody has all kinds of words for it. but because there are so few roads, there's been very difficult for one valley to communicate with another valley. the literacy is low. let's send people who can teach. literacy is under 20%. so teaching people to read would be helpful, building roads, providing better communication from one place to another. and of course that obviously thing, painfully obviously is stopping the corruption. the corruption is unfathomming. how about if i do one more question. then we can all move on?

anybody else? yes, sir? >> tonight we're all here to hear about the situation in these countries. there's ascents of a, what can be done, and b, what can we do? on the other side in pakistan and afghanistan specifically because the relationship between them and the west is so complicated right now is there a sense among the population of, especially since they get so much aid from the muslim world and the -- and south asia. is there a menace thatup isn't -- why isn't the west going more? >> i didn't find that. i think it's why does the west always do it the wrong way? it's not so much a question of more or resources. you don't have to go beyond your

own community here in the united states to find that what one person thinks of is poverty, another person may not think of it poverty. what one person thinks of intellectual, capital maybe very different. i think it has more to do with trying to provide the right kind of resources or aide. and the pitfalls of aide have been documented by so many people in books. that i've recommended some of them in the back of the book. a lot of times it's government to government. i'm a big, big advocate in talking in rooms like this and saying, it's up to you. use the internet. we can literally right now communicate with anybody in iran, anybody in pakistan, afghanistan presents a different set of issues. because the best high-speed line i've ever had was in khartoum. it's like i can talk with anybody.

i can skype with anybody. and any one of the people in this room can do with greg did. we can go build schools, volunteer. if you don't have those resources, you can host an event in your living room. you can find organizations locally where you can tutor. options are endless. and rather than repeat them all, i'll just say i did post them on our web site, and they are in the back of the book. >> are you advocates a thousand points of light rather than government taking responsibility? >> no, not really. but which country are we talking about? i mean if we are talking about their country, i'm not advocates that we tell them what to do. if we're talking about our own, the thousand points of light metaphor was bush senior used really came straight out of the hoover administration. that came out of the notion that the federal government wasn't there to solve problems. but our federal government has

resources. we have a centralized government. we're not looking at the same picture. so no i'm not. i mean i'm advocates from a spiritual perspective. yeah, i'm advocates the notion that each one can do whatever we can do. here or elsewhere. some guy last week said -- i was in los angeles speaking. he said, do you really think there's enough to go around? i was like are you kidding? do you see the buffet table? there's always enough to go around. but i didn't approach it from a socialist point of view. i approached it from a spiritual point of view. when abraham shared his sandwich. that was it. that was like can i survive on half a sandwich? of course i can. it's literally that simple. it's ayni has been going on

there for thousands of years. i'd like to thank you for being here. do you have anything? we have books. >> just simply that we have books available. thank you, everybody, for joining us. [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> brian voss the head of the inverdict gaytive university for abc news. mr. ross, in the madoff chronicles what's new? >> i think there's a lot. what drove him, what it started,

and his total lack of remorse. we also look at who else was likely involved? he didn't do this alone, despite his claims that he did. >> did mrs. madoff have a role? >> she did. she kept the books when she started. she was still keeping the books at the day he was arrested. if she didn't know directly, she certainly was along for the ride. i liken them to bonnie and clyde, maybe bonnie didn't fire the guns, but she was part of the scheme. >> do you think the story will continue? >> there are more people. the layers of the onion are being peeled. the failure of the government. the fcc investigators were after madoff again and again on '92. they always missed it. why was that? their defense is they were

inexperienced and incompetent. i know if that's satisfying. >> well, as head of the investigative unit, when's the first time you heard? >> the night he was arrested. i was sitting in new york next to my colleague. we had just finished reporting on rob the governor of illinois. we got an e-mail from fbi, bernard madoff arrested, $50 billion scam. i was thinking, i don't know that's got to be a typo. that's huge. i soon found out. >> what kind of resources did you turn over? >> we had the entire investigative unit launch into action. much of it for broadcast. there were so many great details and facts that would not get into the world news or nightline. so we ended up doing this book. it is the first book that i've written. >> it is your first book. i'm a rookie. i enjoyed it. it's usually a minute and a

half. a good day minute 45. here i had as much as i wanted. >> how did you fit writing the book into your workday? >> 4:30 in the morning was a good time to write. they gave me a few days off over the july 4th. right after the sentencing, i really swung into action. i was in good shape to get it out this quickly. >> did you have a chance to talk to any of them, or anybody close? >> i got to be close with his secretary for 25 years. eleanor, she got a stack of document. she felt so is bestrayed and angry. she felt badly for the victims. she's the one that answered the phone. say it's not true. she was in tears when she came to see me. she wanted to do anything to help bring this man down. that's how we got the "little black book" which is published. lots of telling details. she gave copies of the fbi and

copies to me. >> it's the madoff chronicles. includes the "little black book." published by brian ross. >> i'm here with plovers of international studies. author of a new book, forces of fortune." the rise of the new muslim middle class and what it will mean for our world. what are the new class? >> it's people who's viverred are corrected to the intersector. they are also professionals. but they are people like middle classes. people who identify as part of the new globalization forces. new economic forces. and we often don't see them in the middle class. we always think about extremist or sectarian or fundamentalist. we don't think about the social classes in the muslim world, the

way in which they connect. why do they matter in terms of all of the things that we think about in the muslim world? >> you focus on iran. how diverse are the social classes in iran? >> well, again, when we think about iran, iran has a fairly vibrant middle class. there's been significant amount of economic privatization. it produced the middle class. it was tied to economic activity in the private sector. even though most of iran's economy is dominated by the government, still it's the large part of the middle class that is depends on private sector activity. it is that private sector and the middle class that is responsible for iranian cinema, for cultural activity, and demand for political freedoms and reforms. when we see iranians take to the streets demanding better results so they can elections or demanding political freedoms, these are people who also want integration into the world economy, better relations with

the west, they want economic advancement, and so even the backbone of political change in iran is the middle class. >> how large is the middle class? >> well, in some countries they are larger and some are smaller. but in turkey, it's about 20 to 30% of the population. in pakistan or parts of the arab world, it's 10 to 15% of the population. typically, they are not the largest. but the ones that are account for most of the amount of economic activity. which is ultimately going to pull them in the leads and integrate into the global economy? this is not an issue of size. it is the issue of pivotal role they will play. >> the less we look at the middle east and think about religion. you talk a lot about capitalism.

can you discuss between religion and capitalism. >> religion and capitalism can coexist. you have businessman in america or evangelical. it's the same in the muslim world as well. what makes the difference is capital muslim who's are integrated tend to favor interpretations of religion. that support their economic activities and serving their interest. in other words, they don't favor extremism because extremism is not good for business. because extremism does not interfere with their integration into global economic trends. when we look at countries like turkey, like malaysia, we see middle classes that are getting enriched by global economy that see their future and interesting global economy of religion. but the kind of religion they follow is in some ways globalization friendly. so it's conservative. it's bias. but it sports capitalist

activity and living harmoniously with others in a global economy. >> what ramifications does the business class have on american foreign policy >> well, we don't pay as much attention to them as we ought to. we don't think of the fact that happen transformed china, transformed india, transformed latin america, eastern europe, and asia, that created stable democracies was the middle classes in those countries that were dependent on private sectors that were integrated into the global economy. we don't think that in the muslim world you are not going to get them to where brazil, argentina, taiwan, or korea are unless the shame class also becomes powered in the muslim world. we are looking for the solution without looking at what's the

solution. i think the change is muslim world will have to come from the middle class and capitalist business sector. >> author of forces of fortune. thank you so much. >> thank you. >> here's a look at some upcomes book fairs and festivals over the next few months.

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and then just, i just read this this afternoon. in november, this past month a couple weeks ago he was nominated i president obama to be the chairman of the broadcasting board of governors. and that's a body that runs boys of america and radio for europe and other international broadcast. run by our government. and when i felt was a really engaging introduction to american -- "american sketches." walter isaacson shares the drive that teesside since norlin to be a great writer. he was in a place where he was soaking up the atmosphere of tennessee williams and william faulkner but he was also a very