the economics of your business has changed. the print world is shrinking and going away. we need online alternatives that is what my group is trying to organize. it seems to me that has to be the focus to figure out how to do this as opposed to continuing to do with what we have done the last 150 years. >> that is a weeklong conference the. >> you each have 30 seconds. [laughter] >> each of 32 seconds because i have nothing. [laughter] >> i will give the man from washington my second suspect opposed believes the physical paper will survive for a very long time. it makes an enormous amount of money compared to the

online section and are fully committed to survival of the paper in definitely. i know that runs counter to what we are supposed to say but that is what we think. >> is something very quickly on one to make sure we have time for another question but this is a challenge that we have asked weta/pbs marino npr is doing a phenomenal job with their books site full of features and back to the question where to find good information that is a great place and it is difficult to get funding and figure out once you got the money where to put it? some has to go to pay reviewers but that is what i feel on principle i refuse to make people bright for free. but you have to have programmers, designers, prod ucers, it is very tough.

i think we will see another panel about this act another festival and i hope we continue the dialogue. because too often we forget to keep talking about this. . .

>> sometimes you don't get a cover. sometimes you get a gallic way in advance. so it's not just the cover. >> and now there is not gallic that delivers galleys, and so we may not get all of the design elements that we want. i don't want to say relied on but definitely and survived. next question. let's see, over here since i haven't come to decide too often. the gentleman in the yellow shirt. i think we have time for just two more. >> how does a self published author get their book professionally reviewed? >> i was wondering if anyone would get to that. that's one of the things we will generally get your book screen out is if it's self published. it's a good question.

>> it's a good question, there just isn't time. i don't want to speak for ron but i'm thinking what gets pushed aside immediately, and unfortunately it's almost always the self published books, because i know that they have not gone through the vetting process that the books coming from the other houses have gone through. i'm really responsivresponded to small presses. i know that ron is, too. and so i don't have time to worry about self published ones, unfortunately. i think that this is going to be something we talk about more and more. >> we don't we do any self published books ever. [inaudible] >> is there a process that you recommend? >> the question is is there a process that you would recommend to a self published author? >> we only have a minute left, and i would say you definitely just go and get yourself through

the traditional publishing process. if anyone have a different opinion? >> not if you want reduce. >> go to some of the paneling tomorrow and get a review. >> i want to thank our panel, and especially our sponsor. thank you all for coming. we have true confections and henrietta lacks for purchase and signing up your. thank you so much, everyone. [applause] >> david stewart in your view should andrew johnson have been impeached? >> i think so. sadly though not for what he was accused of. >> what was he accused a? >> he was accused of violating the tenure office act when he fired secretary of war. it was a constitutionally shaky statute. and was ultimately found unconstitutional. and that might not have even applied to what he was trying to

do. so that particular accusation wouldn't have moved me a lot. i think he could probably have been removed from office and it might have been a very good thing if he had been for undermining the congressional program of reconstruction and frankly, refusing to enforce the laws that were the laws of the land. but because misdemeanors is such an elusive standard there was a feeling in congress which we still have that there has to be a crime, and not enforcing the law the way you're supposed to didn't do enough like a crime. so that's how it ended up being a tenured office acted. >> as a lure do you support the phrase high crimes and misdemeanors? >> you know, i'm stuck with it. >> but it can also work to your damage, can't get? >> it can. it's quite unclear.

when the framers of the constitution adopted it in 1787, they weren't quite sure what it meant. they had dates from 14th century english law. it was archaic in the 18th century. people didn't have a really understanding of it, and we don't know. the senate is very dedicated never saying what it means. it's whatever any senator thinks it means. so it is an unfortunate phrase in some respects, but then again it gives different senators a certain amount of freedom when they are approaching this. impeachment as a combination of public of process and traditional process, particularly with the president. high crimes and misdemeanors feels like it has to be a court case, has to be a crime. and there is the word. but, in fact, you're decamping one branch of the government. it's a big deal.

and that's a political decision. 54 senators voted on andrew johnson's case, and 54 of them voted for political reasons. and so high crimes and misdemeanors is a bit of a blind. it's sort of a distraction at some level. but it's what we have. so we do the best we can. >> how did the charges against andrew johnson originate? who push them, now did they get to an actual vote in the senate? >> they really came out of a tremendous discontent among the northern republicans, who dominated congress at the time. the south was not represented at the time. who wanted to the freed slaves, and want to keep the confederates, former confederates out of power in the south. johnson didn't share any of those goals. he was indifferent to the freed slaves. he thought the states could have whoever they wanted in charge of

them. and really undermined the congressional policy every chance he had. the result was you had a tremendous they saw. and soft legislation, the dose, and ultimately it broke down into this impeachment crisis. in many ways you can see this as sort of a tremendous aftershock of the civil war. and it really was still fighting over those same issues. and you know, who's going to power in the south? did winning the war mean anything? the northerners were asking that, why did we win the war if these people are still going to run the government, if they are still going to treat black people the way they always have? those were tough questions that didn't bother andrew johnson at all. and that's really where the conflict came from. and it had to be channeled into this argument over secretary of war. >> who were his public loud lies

and put all enemies? >> well, he had a real problem that had been elected on a republican ticket as abraham lincoln's running mate. and lincoln wanted him as a war democrat, someone who would appeal to southern democrats, or democrats. but he was a southern democrat. so he had his republican sponsorship, but he didn't agree with any of the people whose team he was supposedly on. and then congress exclude all the southern democrats from congress. so his natural allies were not there. by march. so his adversaries were the former abolitionist, people like stevens was a wonderful figure, congressman from pennsylvania. and his allies were the democrats who weren't there. one thing you have to understand, you just have to do a mind shift that the

republicans were the liberals and democrats were the conservatives. and it's changed since then, but in the 1860s that's the way it was. >> why did you write "impeached"? why another book on andrew johnson and his impeachment? >> well, one recent likely as there aren't that many. there are only a couple. i thought they didn't tell the story in a way that it ought to be told. in its full context. i was attracted to the story a lot personally because i defended and impeachment case myself, a judge who got impeached 20 years ago. so i've always found it a fascinating story. it's a bit of a train wreck. in history. i mean, everybody is unhappy at the end of the story. he is acquitted by a single vote. there's a lot of evidence that no stores have ignored that there was bribery in the final vote. and the senators were bribed to vote for johnson of little. >> by whom? >> by johnson's cabinet members. they raise a bribe refund of

$150,000, and entered into negotiations with a variety of senators and their agents to. >> that's a huge amount of money. >> it's a lot of money. to a lot of people walking around washington with a lot of greenbacks. we did have electronic controls and anti-money laundering tools back then. the corruption really infected the impeachment. so there's a lot of in this story that is really compelling. >> how did you do your research? >> i spent a lot of time at the library of congress. it's a tremendous resource. of course, the trial itself is, you know, the transcript is all available. but you have to get a feel for what people were saying to each other about it. you want to go to correspondence and original sources. and the newspapers, which were very partisan at that time, so again, get some insight into what people were saying about

the figures, the issue is. >> was the american public at that time engaged in this impeachment process? >> totally. does a tremendous year that went across the country when he was impeached that we are on the verge of a second civil war. johnson was leading a coup d'état of congress. honkers was usurping the presidency. and there were headlines in the paper 20,000 kentuckians going to march on washington. 10,000 pennsylvania soldiers, boys in blue are ready to march tomorrow. so there was a real feeling that there would be bloodshed. and, you know, we have been telling each other just three years ago. the bloodiest war we've ever had. so these were people i didn't shy away from extreme solutions. so it was a galvanizing experience. and one of the things about the impeachment process that was i think very positive was it slowed everybody down. the lawyers got in. you know lawyers slow things down.

and a gay people a chance to step back and say, you know, johnson's term ends in eight months, why are we doing this? anything for a couple of the senators who voted to acquit him, that was one reason they did. you know, this is a big thing to do with a guy who we can vote out of office anyway. so some parts of the process i think were pretty positive. >> how long was johnson the president? how long did this process take? and could he have gotten elected on his own right? >> those are great questions. he served almost a full term. lincoln was assassinated five weeks into his second term so he was very close to full term. he very much want to run for reelection. and he wanted a course to be the democratic candidate. he certainly could be the republican candidate. when the democrats met in their convention in new york city, in the summer of 1868, on the first about he came in second.

so he was serious contender. they ultimately went off on a dark horse, a fellow named horatio seymour from new york. johnson wasn't a effective political campaigner. eight of the southern states were able to participate so there was a base for his appeal. he might have been a better candidate than seymour was that he might also have been a more polarizing candidate and that may have been a good reason not to choose him. in the final vote, grant won with just 53 percent of the vote. it was a pretty close election. >> the second half of the subtitle of your book is and the fight for lincoln's legacy. what does that mean? >> well, lincoln always said at the end, towards the end of the war that when you beat a man you let him up again.

and he intended to leave the south a lot of freedom to reconstitute itself, to reconstruct itself. that's where the term reconstruction became popular. and johnson implemented those initial plans. and what happened then was the southerners restored the confederates to power. it's not a startling event. and johnson took a totally hands-off approach to that. he just believed states could do what they wanted. and he took a position, i'm just doing what president lincoln wanted to do. and his opponent said, wait a second, lincoln would have started down the road that way, but he never would have put up with this sort of the nile of rights to black people that are happening, the operation that's going on. and whatever have allowed these former confederate leaders to get back into power.

and in many ways, this was the fight for who would win the war. and a you know it's a truism about the civil war that the north won the war and the south won the peace. reconstruction is a tough time in our countries history. you know, we had troops occupying the south for 11 years. and ultimately, the south won a good bit of the peace and andrew johnson was an important part of that. >> david stewart, tell us about your law practice and he beat richmond child that you worked on. >> well, i did a lot of constitutional work over the years spent are you still a practicing lawyers because i do still practice a bit. mostly i write. my law firm would want me to say that. but i do a few matters still. you know, the impeachment case was just that.

it was a tough case. might case was tough because my client had been convicted in a court. his name is walter nixon junior from mississippi. and he was actually in jail at the time of the trial. so you're sort of starting on the logan. and we knew that. but we thought it was a bad conviction. and that he really should not be convicted that he was looking for vindication. and i thought it was a solid case. we really, i think, persuaded some people that we did have a good case. we actually -- you know, they do best, these days judges don't get try before the full senate. they get try before the committee. and before the committee that heard our evidence, we made some headway. and we actually defeated two of the articles. there were three. and on the third one it was 9-3.

and a full set a deadline toward because those senators didn't know the facts. they were just voting on the politics. so i challenge that procedure in the case that went up to the supreme court. so it was a fascinating exercise in trying to come it was all the levers of government. all the things we didn't do too well, but it was a real insight into the process, which i hoped i could bring to this book. >> he had written about 1787. you've written about 1868. why do you pick events? >> it has been events for the first two, and the project i'm working on now, which i hope will come out in the spring is on the conspiracy, next bring 2011, on the west and conspiracy of aaron burr when he attempted to essentially overthrow the government out west and invade mexico. did some extraordinary story. i generally find, you know, if

you have to write whole biography of someone you have to write about their dole yours too. so would much rather take a break when something perfect happened that assassinating. and dig into that's the david stewart is the author of "impeached: the trial of president andrew johnson and the fight for lincoln's legacy." simon & schuster publisher. >> emiko ohnuki-tierney is a professor of anthropology at the university of wisconsin-madison. and she has written another book, this one is "kamikaze diaries: reflections of japanese student soldiers." professor, where did the term, cause he come from? >> it originated in when the mongols try to invade japan. and they're going to really land and then a storm came.

and all the ships are overturned. that's how japan was saved, so to speak. and, therefore, they said this was god's win to save japan. >> is that what transport means the? every character has more than one pronunciation. and two characters for, cause he usually called something else in japan. >> and what does that mean? >> the same thing. godwin. but just different pronunciation. >> when did the japanese military start to use the term kamikaze? or is that an english term that we use? >> it has been used but in a particular operation. i think there are two distinct what you call kamikaze, one is pearl harbor. and that was very different. because it was not the one where

mission and submarine was waiting for them to return. so that was very different one. but in the one i wrote is at the very end of the war. and when everybody knew japan has absolutely no chance of winning. and so the vice at the of the navy came up with a very crazy idea that at almost nuclear age he thought the only means left for japan was too used japanese sword. which is uniquely prepared them a to face death without hesitation. answer he came up with this one way mission, and by that time government has shortened the

university year, twice. and so they draft that unless you're in education or science, everybody has to be drafted to so the kamikaze pilot, about 4000 perished at the end of the war, 3000 were boy pilots. they were trained to very early. and they were much more susceptible to propaganda, but nobody really i don't think died without hesitation. but we don't have any records. whereas 1000 of them are intellectual cream of the crop. they were graduates of the university of tokyo, and other top universities. and at that time, students read latin, greek, german, french, philosophy, literature, all of that in their original languages. and so there were enormously

well educated. and they did not have a choice, but quote unquote a volunteer. >> so not truly volunteer? >> that's right. >> that's what your research has shown. >> that's right. i went through the diaries, and it was fascinating, of course, some point they feel they should really protect their own country. and sometimes they say otherwise mothers, and others would be great and all that. and all that propaganda was influential. just like homeland attack. that very much of a catchphrase whenever you want to stir up patriotism. but then other times they would say that's not my true feelings. and so there's a tremendous interesting processes where there is ambivalence and

vacillations and all that. but none really died for the emperor, neither did they die willingly. >> how were they trained? how were they chosen their backs well, in the first place, they were drafted. they didn't have any choice. and then there was a norm is -- japanese military was notorious for their corporal punishment. so i don't know why they did that before their death, but tremendous corporal punishment. if one of the members of the corps would misbehave. and then one day they were summoned in the hallway and told those who do not want to volunteer step ahead, or you know, who want to volunteer step ahead. and by the time they became

comrades on the base through this corporal punishment and all that. so it was very physical for them to say that i'm going to save my life, you guys go. so many of them volunteered willingly. and if they didn't, they would have been sent to saigon and all southern front where their death will be guaranteed anyway. so it really was the point of no return. >> where did you find their diaries? >> well, the diaries were first published by their father, brother, privately. because they felt that their death was meaningless, but then they wanted -- they didn't want them to just be forgotten. so when i started to contact

them, i was afraid that they may not even give me permission. but, in fact, they were enormously grateful that i am introducing to the international readership. >> what myth do we have about kamikaze pilot that you dispel in your new book? >> i think there's a tremendous myth at 9/11 that start to say that the kamikaze pilot's war for the jihad. and it was very difficult for americans win in 1944, lady was attacked and they were very scared for people who really risked their lives. and that was -- the thing is americans, germans, they all told the soldiers to kill the

enemies. but then this particular symbolism of cherry blossoms get into the japanese soul is to die. >> no, explain the cherry blossom connection. because you do put cherry blossoms on the front of your book also. where they give to the pilots who? >> no, what happened is a devout christian work with madame curie and einstein and all those four of the league of nations, wrote the warriors way, first in english. and he said the japanese soul and the cherry blossoms are both indigenous to japan. so this so-called japanese soul, which enabled them to die without hesitation, was

symbolized by cherry blossoms. and so win at the end of the war in 1944, he started this one way mission, he adapted cherry blossom symbolism. and so all the kamikaze planes have one cherry blossom on the side in pink. and so, another -- historical processes whereby at the end of the 19th century when japan realize that every other country in east asia was colonized, and that's how the major restoration took place. when children were sleeping without realizing geopolitics. and so from that point, before

the 1889 embryo constitution of japan was drafted, and actually accept article i were all written by german scholars, legal scholars. but anyway, from that on, they started to use following cherry petal as the motto for warriors and soldiers to die for japan. >> are there any surviving and did you talk to any surviving kamikaze trained pilots when writing your book? . .

it's clear in 1942 they started to write there is no chance of japan winning the war. >> in 1942? >> 42 yes and this started to get all kinds of rationalization why they have to die. not many outsiders know but marxism was very strong in japan. so many of them would say that if i'd die and then capitalism is destroyed by attacking the u.k. and u.s. as well as japan,

maybe there is some meaning for my death. >> how did you find out about these diaries? have is to get interested in this topic? >> actually i did not know just like many japanese did not know. as part of the reason my book was very welcome to in japan because people just forgot to end and they never connected in this military -- militarization of cherry blossoms to other meanings of the cherry blossoms. so i started out by actually going to cherry blossom viewings. [laughter] but the interesting part about this what i call bali local symbol of as you now one end is the symbol of international friendship which was started out

after -- actually by mrs. taft. so last year this very time i was the distinguished chair of modern culture of the library of congress so i gave a talk when the cherry blossoms was will balloon about this. so mrs. taft inaugurated this customer of japan giving cherry blossoms, sending cherry plants all over the world. >> that was in 1911? >> yes, yes. >> where review born? >> in japan. >> where did you come to the gas? >> when did you come to the u.s.? >> in the stone age. >> were you alive during world war ii? >> yes, i was little so i do remember anything except my mother who was always protected

and never ever had to do anything except, started to go to the black market to start good food for us so that when we were to be in the shelter we wouldn't be scared with all this good prudent. >> de remember the shelter? >> yes, and then i was nearly shot one time. japan could not afford to close the schools. that would pronounced the end of the war, so my elementary school kept opening every day we would go and then there was an air raid. then we would run home and one time i was running home in the american planes came and started to shoot at me. so i ducked into the ditch and then a bullet went about

10 inches missed, but my mother came looking for me. >> did you lose your big house after the war? >> my house was not, and 70 high percentage of japan had a carpet bombing and so many of them were bombed. it was the third biggest city to be corrected on. >> what was your father's profession prius. >> he was a businessman and if prior to world war ii was interesting because he was saved by two americans in 1923 earthquake and so they brought my father in their ship and then these two americans were captured as war prisoners in bomb, but they were sent in some time mother started to sew them

clothing and all of that and may help them. not only these two fellows, but others. >> did you have to do very quietly? >> my father was really trashed by the police. one time we were at the russian easter and we kids were fascinated by the colored eggs and all of that and my father disappeared because the police was following asp. >> they thought he was disloyal to the emperor? >> anybody to have much to do with foreigners was a suspect. >> so how did you get to the u.s. and did you ever think he would come here after that? after being bombed by u.s. plan? >> these two fellows who were prisoners of war left a will that his widow has to take in one of us. but that didn't materialize because i think their business

didn't do as well so that kind planted in an idea, but i never had -- i was just raise to be a housewife. [laughter] i never ever had any ambition to be professional. my parents even switch to french when they have to talk about money because we were supposed to be kept in a sense. [laughter] >> two your parents come over with two? >> no, i came alone by the none of us had any idea about the u.s. so i always think it was so nice if that was so ignorant. >> y? >> ignorance really saves you a lot because you don't anticipate and i also was a wonderful not to be raised to have ambition.

>> really? >> yes because you don't suffer trying to achieve anything. >> and whenever you get just happen? >> well, that was a hobby. i was not terribly interested in domestic and. of. >> so "kamikaze diaries" usn was published in japan when and what has been the response? >> it was not a translation. it always has to be adjusted to the japanese readers. >> what does that mean? >> because certain things i have to explain more for their readers outside, but than some of the things i don't have to explain to the japanese readers one and so i believe it became a fairly either before or right after one the u.s. so right after this week i'm still going

to japan and i will be giving a lecture yes at the international house of japan. >> emiko ohnuki-tierney, her book "kamikaze diaries: reflections of japanese student soldiers", published by the university of chicago press. who is this on the cover price. >> this is --, a graduate of the university of tokyo, and this is days before his death. his brother who is a professor gave me permission -- >> his brother is still living? >> yes, we correspondent. >> was his kamikaze mission success wall? >> no, none of them are. other then the first attack,, causing emissions or all the failur.

literally. >> thank you for sharing a few minutes with thus. >> thank you. thank you. we are in this section 27 of arlington national cemetary. this is one of the oldest sections of the military cemetery at arlington and is where the story of arlington national cemetary really begins. unwed arlington has so much

history tied up in the civil war. this section of the cemetery was begun in may 1864, really before there was a cemetery. how did that happen? in have been 1864 the were had been going on for several years in washington was a hospital city at that time. there were as many as 50,000 soldiers and sailors in the hospital some washington, temporary hospital set up all over town and, of course, those people started dying. they had to be buried. so earlier in the war and national cemeteries were established at alexandria, virginia and at the old soldier's home in northwest washington. they were planned to accommodate all those who died in the

washington area hospitals. what happened was that the war went on much longer and was much bloodier than anybody expected so we pretty soon filled up the graveyards, the national cemeteries at alexandria, and that the old soldier's home in washington. they needed new burial space. so the quartermaster's office of the union army looked across the river and found this place, arlington, and thought it would be a good place to begin burying people. arlington happen to be the home of robert e. lee, the confederate general. so not only was in a convenient place to begin military burials for the civil war, i was also fell to be a matter of justice, maybe even vindication if you want to call it that. to force military burials at arlington came in may of 1864,

well into the civil war. and the very first of those barrels was private 67 pennsylvania infantry named william crist men. he was a farmer, he was from one a poor family in he came to serve in the union army. unfortunately he ended up in the hospital in washington, he got a case of german measles which killed many many service members on both sides of the war. he developed peritonitis from his in measles infection and he died in a washington hospital, brought across the potomac with river entirely to as the first military burial. things are so desperate at that time in the civil war there were many people dying that there wasn't much time for ceremony or ritual at arlington.

they would bring people over for burial day after day after day and they went to the ground as william crist minted with no flags, no pupils playing, quite often not a chaplain to give him a sendoff. so basically we were just trying to keep up with the carnage from the civil war with arlington began. during the war things were so desperate that there wasn't any time for tombstones. they have had words, they were made out of pine or walnut, painted white with black lettering. those, of course, had to be maintained or the fellow part so that in the years after the civil war began to clean up, we began to make sense of things with, someone came up with the design in the 1870's early

1800's for the white marble tombstones you see at arlington today. in who qualified for a burial here qualify for one of these tombstones. the earliest stones were like these you see here which have been moved, the company, the state, a the data burial and and in size to shield. later the design of a simplified just to include the name of the person, the date of birth, and did a burial. that's the mod tombstone you see in other sections of the cemetery today. the first military burial here, william pressman, was typical in that like many soldiers who died in the civil war on both sides he wasn't killed by a bullet or a cannon ball, he was killed by disease. most of the people who died in

the civil war were people who died from infections, dysentery, yellow fever, measles, mumps, then died from battle wounds and most of the people you see the section ofren that category. william was buried in 1864. arlington cemetary was not established until a month later to come in june of 64, it was officially designated a national cemetery and began to fill up very quickly. this part of the cemetery where incoming section 27, was called the lower cemetery. as you can see it's at the edge of arlington, there's a road just outside the cemetery here. you can't see that lee mansion from this location and that's the way the officers who were living and working in the lee

mansion during the war and wanted it. they didn't want to see the barrels coming in, they didn't want to live in a graveyard working in a graveyard, they wanted these graves out of sight and out of mind. the quartermaster general brigadier-general montgomery meigs didn't like that idea. as a matter of fact, he didn't have much use for robert e. lee. they served together in the union army. meigs considered leading trader and thought he should be hanged for his desertion of the union army and his leadership of the the army of northern virginia. some eggs came to arlington on the day it was officially begun as a cemetery, june 14, 1864, came to this part of the cemetery, looked around and was up sat that there were no graves around the lee mansion so his next act was two go up the hill

where we will go shortly and to begin to put burials ride of next to the mansion. he didn't want them to be able to come back after the war was over so you will see the strategic approach to the creation of arlington cemetary. up the hill in mrs. lee's garden. >> we are now up on a hill overlooking washington d.c. at the lee mention. >> yes. >> i am aiming the camera at mrs. lee is garden. >> yes this is les vartan on the hill. the highest point at arlington national cemetary. this was the home of a robert e. lee, mary cust is lee, before the civil war. and at the height of the civil war in 1864 the first military burials were made in the cemetery. the lower cemetery out of sight of the mansion. the quartermaster general didn't

think the graves were close enough to the mansion and so that's the town officers who had died in and served the had the very here around mrs. lee's garden. to make it more difficult for the lease to return to arlington after the war. >> if we lock -- if we walk along here we see these two stars actually encircle the garden? >> yes, it don't go all the way around that they form the border around part of the garden. at the end of the war there were something like 40 graves of officers and we don't know exactly what he is thinking but i suspect he chose to barry officers here rather than a private south, and enlisted men because it would make it more difficult to remove them after the war was over because there were more prominent and better known. so it was a strategic move on

mangas part in the eighth proved pretty effective because by the end of the war there were not only these graves here but there were thousands of other graves at arlington and made it difficult for the lee family to return here. >> to believe family attend to return? >> they never attempted to return that they wanted to get arlington back with in the works for years. robert e. lee after the war finally met with his lawyers in alexandria and discussed with sam a way to get arlington back. mrs. lee who was more vociferous about it went to congress after generally died and petitioned congress to give arlington back and basically a her petition was hooted out of congress. they thought it was a ridiculous idea. at that time radical republicans were in charge of congress so they didn't give her a very good hearing. she died in 1917 -- 1873.

their eldest son went to congress, got voted down, then went to court to and by 82 he won a famous case in the supreme court. the supreme court ruled that arleta had been seized without just compensation during the civil war. and they gave arlington back to the lee f i1883 delis had arlen. of course, the bad news for the lease was bad there 16,000 toombs here at the time so as a practical matter they couldn't come back to live here. so they settled with the government for fair market value when her to $50,000, 1100 acres of prime real estate and 16,000 tombs on the base of the potomac river. the great irony is that when

cust sicily simon best estate over, the title over to the federal government, we on one side in signing the title and on the other side was the secretary of war robert todd lincoln, abraham lincoln. soviet you had a son of lee and the son of lincoln agreeing on something and i would say that was the beginning of somee that we could reunite north and south again. it took a while but that was the begiing of the reunion. >> and we are going to walk back here to the first time of the unknown soldiers. >> yes, one of the great traditions at arlington is honoring thend on soldiers. lost in the war. and the first instance of that came just after the civil war when quartermaster general montgomery meigs center recovery teams out into the battlefields around washington within a 30-mile radius of washington to

recover on on soldiers. from that war. they brought them here to this part of arlington. this was the recovery of the dead, the unknowns, spotsylvania, the other great battlefields and montgomery meigs had a huge pit dug here at this spot and have them buried in a mass grave. in 1866. 2,111 unknowns buried here at arlington. this is that the edge, the end of mrs. lee's garden so it's another instance of not only him taking the opportunity to honor the war dead, but also to erect a barrier to the leas returning to arlington.

>> this was a portion of a booktv program. we're here at this year's conservative political action conference talk to with jerome corsi. tell us about your new book. >> it is america for sale and it was a new york times bestseller, i really pleased with that. it's an economic analysis of globalism, the need to preserve u.s. sovereignty, very strongly supports the tea party movement, and it's predicted a lot of the

economics we're going through. unfortunately we're not through the hard times the ads and i talk about the coming debt crisis that think is next in the book. it's comprehensive, a lot of solutions and emphasis on these people can do to solve economic problems. >> can you give us a few examples? >> first i recommend to people for their personal lives even a look to consolidate families. if someone has lost a job, a son or daughter to move them back into the home. parents get older, forget about nursing moms, expand your holland, bring them home into the house. go back to consolidate families. make sure your primary residential real-estate is paid off. then in terms of the larger issues we need to the federal reserve opted and transparent federal reserve. a strong suggestions for job creation. i think reduce taxes would be a good idea by the small

companies, they treat the majority of jobs so we're aiming at trying to get the private economy revives and get people back to work and as america for sale is about. >> to spend time talking about the relationship with china right now? >> extensive part is about china. i predicted that china was not going to continue buying u.s. debt, that china and that isn't bad for america for sale is about. if we continue to have debts in cycles that are unmanageable as we're headed for, countries like china are going to say we want assets. in other words, have public-private partnerships and maybe we can manage some of your roads, maybe we can have the guaranteed investments in various u.s. businesses. so china is coming and i think we've got to be very concerned that we don't get too reliant on china both economically and politically. >> you actually been rather prolific these past couple years. can you tell us some of your

other work? >> thank you, the obama nation is in paperback and i still think it was really a comprehensive biography critical biography but certainly now it predicted that president obama was going to be elected to this politics, by his history and his training and intellectual development, his work with people like william errors the weather underground bomber, reverend wright, i go into a solid galisky and the rules for radicals intellectual training. it's a paper but at a reduced price now which i'm really happy because i think it would get a wider audience. then i also -- i also noir went to israel and introduced the top israeli leadership met president

perez, with the prime minister netanyahu. by israel can weight is about that coming war and it is saying the final analysis the self-defense, wouldn't launch a preemptive attack. i wrote the book try to prevent that. i'd think that is the worst possible solution, but i had to with the israeli -- i think the israeli government worked through me to communicate to the world how urgent the situation was. the best opportunity is right now appear if we would just from the white house support the green movement within iran we might actually get a peaceful change from within. that's what i'm hoping and praying and wrote the book trying to promote the best solution. and my first novel will be out. simon shuster is publishing, i wrote a book on the shroud of iran, called the sean codex. my answer to dan brown, i am

catholic very supportive of the catholic church, supportive of the christian position but i argued in the science and the history of the shroud. world that daley were i'm a senior staff organizer we are going to tour during the sean exhibition in april and may. i just got back from ron and presented the book prepublication to the vatican. to let them know it was coming out and have decided to have my first novel in april. >> and with all the time you spent writing, you get much time to read? >> i have been gifted to read quickly all my life. i am a constant reader, i read all the time. one of mike verrilli reading. i'm reading a couple of different things. this new book on hiroshima, the one that cameron is interested in making possible a movie on. ..