testify before it committee looking into the awarding of contracts to the specific mail steamship company. the hearing for about the first time, but firsthand whose candid explanation of this part in the affair actually spread even further. after sam told the committee a parable about pigs ears, this cartoon is same in the kitchen appeared in the new york daily graphic. dallas is not to say that seems alone as a paragon of virtue and all other lobbyist for corrupt. among its us its the lobbyist of the great barbecue, some more play tent, some are gross, somewhat stoop very, very about to back down bribe, but many were none of these things. it is to say that stands about from the rest because while he has some of the method, excuse me, in many lobbyist bag of tricks he alone employed entertaining so deftly and so

often to win his ends. it's true that wish philadelphians had wine and dine members of the early congresses in the late 1700's in hopes of influencing their votes. men like samuel colt had brought their share of food and drink for a congressman in the 1850's. but then enlisted the combination of delicious food, fine wine and sparkling conversations in his lobbying efforts in a systematic and central way that set it apart. sam's style of love and require patience inside warfare to pull off. he often gave dinners seemingly for no reason at all state to bring together inched in men and women for evenings of mutual enjoyment. but at these events, sam katz sees that may not bear fruit were several years. new friendships developed, old ones were cemented in sam's list of men upon whom he could drop in for a chat link send.

these were the hallmarks of what reporters have called the social love the end by the late 1860's, famous for its nothing newspapers across the country as its king. this is a picture of sam looking quite regal and a caricature by spy from 1880. from that for a secret agreement to lobby for paraguay the list of sam's clients expanded to include insurance companies, telegraph companies, steamship lines, where where that might come at signatures, many niches, manufactures from investors and business individuals with principal source. for all of them, sam goody sinners, nor of the bureaucracy, friendships with key players of both parties, his defining of official preferences to gather to slide bills through congress, sidetrack others, guide claims to government bureaus. but the late 1870's when famous approaching 70 and had reigned over the lobby for more than a

decade he was falling down. his dinner still sparkled, but his letters revealed that he was getting tired in the depths of insider and son-in-law the venus 10 grandchildren forefront of his old friend charles sumner and then his brother-in-law sunil gridley howe had left him shaken. although julia in sam's friends urged him to slow down, the truth was that she couldn't retired. sam was famous, but he was not rich. he events well, very well indeed, but on other men's money. of personal savings, sam had none. he worked hard, but when it came to be in providence, sam is the grasshopper, fiddling or his case any money on presents for family and friends for the more sober and for the lobby mast small fortunes. and just as it had many times before, sam's fortune changed dramatically. in 1878, out of the blue, a very, very wealthy californian,

james keane showed up on the east coast to return the favor. yet been a teenager barely off the boat from ireland in the california gold fields when sam had found him down on us his luck and desperately illume the 1850's. said save henderson to back to health and keane never forgot his kindness. you've been inflating or roadside within the mind of the type that come to his work is good sam error 10 with the profits. nearly $750,000. with this dramatic change in the circumstances washington but we counteract the less the same although he was a frequent guest in the capital of the king of the lobby was advocating his crown, pulling up stakes and to campaign for new york 20 years after he first went to town. excuse me. now when the chips, sam had a stationary with a compass pointing to what else? southwest, s. w., embossed in gold rather than the less

expensive royal purple you see here in this 1872 letter to thomas bayard. my dear don tomas from the baird election here at the library. with money to spend, sam's gift giving took on staggering dimensions. the adobe said casks of olive oil, buzz of tabasco sauce, baskets of futuristic family and friends and strangers who met on the street. but now for his sister amy, sandpit of the mortgage on the california ranch that she loved. for julia, a widow who was struggling financially there was a house as well. in 1880 samba three handsome townhouse on beacon street in boston. they were both cases for one days, a pearl necklace for another, a sapphire pendant for another. there were boxes of cigars, crates of books, wheels of cheese, sacks of coffee for friends and bottles of wine for everyone. sam wrote julia explicit extensions for handling the wine, champagne, claret tom and

sherry she was sending her in 1881. in the summer of 1880, sam's letters were filled with enthusiastic reports about a grand moneymaking scheme. he was backing to developers. it only recently met them but they were sure they were trustworthy are pushing a great resort by the ocean in long beach on long island. you can probably guess where this is going. within a year, to no surprise that fans the project was requiring more and more cash while little seemed to be getting bill. by the fall of 1882 sam was in way over his head to head when he finally admitted the situation to friends, they found that not only was his fortune gone, but it lushly signed papers making them liable for millions more. when it hit bottom in 1849, sam had today to new york in southwest california. this time he slunk out of town by catching a ship bound for england, trying to throw creditors off the scent. amy's recalled the consternation

sam's goodbye letter caused his mother and aunts as it sank in that sam was somber land again. the sisters envisioned rather sam laid in a quiet chastened by the next file, harboring his few remaining resources. instead, sam bobbed up on repentant and was straight away entertained by who was anyone. soon he was writing john thune letter sent to julia who received them sourly, telling the weekend that country houses, did affect the chatting with the prince of wales. sam did take time out to have his photo taken in london in 1883, the photo is still in the family hands. played in 1883 sam moved on to italy to join the lisa family. i cannot at as far out from shore sorrento. in a a pollster and then she became violently ill, possibly from teaching seafood here at and after the morning in 1894 san dictated one last lighthearted letter inside you

within days of sam's best chewer. more than a dozen newspapers in london and america. the times of london, the london saturday review, the new york tribune, new york sun, new york advertiser, new york world, new york post newspapers in washington, boston and chicago and stories with headlines that read, a famous lobbyist ed, sam ward exit. and from the national police gazette, sam was career, his adventures as a lobbyist, philosopher, speculate or in mother. "the new york times" obituary filled to entire columns with more than 4000 words. after much in a strictly nice is grateful that his well cut suits and a sapphire ring, most of the obituaries focused on several aspects of sam's life. sam is a genial host. famous print of the world and see him them as king of the lobby. what a puzzle with this

universal favorite included the tribune's obituary whom the sternest moralist could not find it in is hard to dislike in the boldest luggage it could be a cause, it, who expires which nobody can respect in the door and to question the life is so much amiability, so much refinement and so much good reading. while the attribute tried without success to solve this puzzle, it did what it puts syndrome fans most significant contribution to the lobby. it correctly concluded that sam's greatest achievement was establishing himself in washington at the head of a profession which from the lowest depth of disrepute he raised almost to the dignity of a gentleman in business. he never resorted to bribery. he excelled rather in the buzz in amadeus and cementing the rickety friendships which placed so large a part in political affairs. and he tempted men not by the prayers, but with banquet, graced by it vivacious company

and the conversation of what the people of the world. sam's recipes lived on for decades. for your star patrons ordered sam ward adrian sim invented his cracked ice in a glass coming at them peeled lemon yellow chartreuse. the boston somerset club lock over restaurant in algonquin club carried one of sam's signature chicken dishes, chicken sauté sam ward on their menus into this century which would have pleased him. the social body that sam perfect dad lived on and live still. in the 1990's hearings into other activities confirmed that the social lobby was alive and well in washington. so well, so important and so infect it in fact it is an entertaining were specifically singled out for special rules in the 1995 lobbying disclosure -- lobbying disclosure act that were taken further in 2007.

when one cannot list here sans butter with indignation upon learning that neither members for their aids can accept free meals from registered lobbyists. despite the closer scrutiny the social lobby indoors. it endures in part because of loopholes despite the closer scrutiny the social lobby indoors. it endures in part because of loopholes despite the closer scrutiny the social lobby indoors. it endures in part because of loopholes another plates does not the social lobby indoors. it endures in part because of loopholes another plates does not constitute a mail and the reception exception which members may still attend event were at least 25 people who are not members of congress or president. but the social lobby lives on primarily because of sam's shrewdly recognized when he abides arrived in washington in 1859 or 10 people together over good food, wine and conversation remains a fruitful way to break down animosities, make a point and conduct business. paul is a surefire plan to compendia for spam is often a successful strategy still. whenever lobbyists and congressmen come together at social occasions, even though there are more circumscribed,

sam is there. but the continuing power of the social lobby is well understood it's clear this great soviet cartoon by nicole hollander from april 2009. i don't know if you can read it. the woman who manages every a more smoothly than you have a handle on creating bipartisanship. a series of intimate dinner party should do the trick. i've compiled a list of powerful republicans in their favor to. i've invited yo-yo ma. everybody loves him, not what our restraint and peered in at the end of the year itch gaskets and durable puppy. nobody can resist a puppy. since democrats and republicans will be exchanging.training tips. sam almost certainly could slip into many well appointed office of one of washington's top public relations firms on k. street. and in this will cut suits are the statistics in this blackberry, he made the rounds on capitol hill by date

underestimate dinner jacket with his diamond studs and safire weighed host in lobby of receptions, dinners and benefits by night. sam would be happy to see that the social lobby, well just one of many avenues leading to influence in washington was still going strong and that entertainment still provides one among many opportunities for communication in the capital. as arthur's flickinger junior, and other keen observer of washington noted 100 years after sam's death, exaggerated and just about the sam wanted to do. every postern of washington does have the essential business of government is transacted in the evenings for the sternest purpose lurks under the highest frugality. fans are what you guarantee that the men and women who enjoyed the brazil night never focused on the purpose that lurked beneath his perfectly cooked pretzel. thank you. [applause]

>> so can i take questions? [inaudible] >> you mentioned a great convergence of public causes in the postwar period. and then you listed the great number of private industries he represented in washington. did he ever take an interest in dance and a humanitarian or public cause at all? >> no. last night >> could you elaborate a little bit on the nature of this mr. butler you mentioned early in the type. >> ben butler -- sure. i'm sorry. the question was, could i elaborate on the amity between sam and ben butler. ben butler was a senator from massachusetts. he vacillated between being a democrat, being a republican. he's well-known probably most well-known for debacles during the civil war.

he was known as spooned butler. he was the military administrator for new orleans after he was captured by the union. he issued a care in under the name of the order, but it was that all southern women who disrespected union soldiers should be treated as. there were warmers that he stole family silver. that's what he was called spooned butler. this picture is painted on the inside of chamberpot struck the south here seen some of these museums. the that's under the waistband did like him. he and sam really hated one another. the because part letters from being a democrat to being a republican. same with the support of andrew johnson didn't feel that he should be impeached and dedicated that in every way he could and ben butler was definitely counting on johnson been impeached. the two of them traded barbs their entire lives.

[inaudible] you mentioned james garfield, but i also wonder if you had any encounters with either ulysses grant or twain? >> e. was very good friends with james -- did i talk about sam's relationship with other figures in the. grant and twain and garfield kurt garfield was one of his best friends. the two of them of the classics. sam always had a copy of homer in his pocket. and he and garfield were drawn together by the love of the classics. he had been a classics professor hiram college event in ohio. garfield also had a family back in ohio who was that their children and he was in washington and he use only and is one of sam's most frequent to. in his diary he recounts it may not sam's. four times a week sometimes. he was also a very prominent

member of imports and house committees. and he's not naïve. he knows why he's invited to dinners with certain people are going to the gas, but he's okay with that. so they were very good friends. sam had very little regard for grant. he didn't like radical republicans. he disagreed with the way reconstruction was being conducted in the south and he really didn't like the scandals that were just lobby the white house and grabbed second administration. he they really seemed to the nation that this union that had been redeemed by the deaths of 600,000 soldiers were falling apart and that corruption was going to overcome the recently regained reunion. so you plant a lot of fat on grant. i don't think he thought grant was personally corrupt anything to him for having recurrent people around him. and i don't really have any evidence of his connection with twain.

certainly they were in town at the same time. if you haven't read mark twain, the gilded age, it is the most wonderful novel, political novel about washington and its just vicious in its characterization of lobbyists. in the first edition had wonderful caricatures and there's one tally of how much it cost to get a bill through congress. and so there pictures of congressmen and senators and how much it cost to buy them underneath. it's wonderful as is henry adam's democracy. i highly recommend them to read. [inaudible] >> male dominated world of the lobbyists in the late 19th century. in your book, you teasingly mentioned that there were also women lobbyists even at that time. could you elaborate out that end of course that the schlesinger library are there other collections on women's lobbyists? >> i wish there were.

the question is about women lobbyists in this period. there is definitely women lobbying. they were known as lobby essays, which is a really hard word to get your mouse around. the lobbyists as were definitely on the scene. their mentioned courts of ink describing them. we know that there were real-life women who were lobbying for their own claims. these were known as many reporters as the poor things. these were the civil war widows, daughters, orphaned by the word, daughters were the only child left in the family whose time had been taken by the war or lifestyle. and they would come to washington themselves and they would sit outside members offices and try to get a moment of their time. they were rarely successful and they would often have a few resources they have left to do this. there were other women, sort of a middle tier of lobbyists is

who would, as claimed pages. they would often be hired by neil lobbyists to present the case. mark twain said talks about why a woman lobbyist is so successful. i think he says you can't brush them off like you can a man. there is a great line about why he thinks they were successful. and many times they were. they would plead a case and they would get a percentage of the claims once it was one. another seyfert tier, which is far as i know, really only exists in the reporter's imaginations. they are the suggested says, one reporter calls them luscious notes and peaches. [laughter] that tempt men to their doom. they're always in the descriptions very, very beautiful, beautifully dressed, wonderful tools jewels and they

meet with them privately and use their feminine wiles to get what they want. these are talked about over and over again and reporters accounts for washington, but i really think this was a fear rather than a genuine something that happened frequently. there is one woman, she's the wife of attorney general george williams about whom scandalous things were written, things that i can't even repeat in and letters here at the library of congress. she does seem to lobby for her husband, taken favors, taken money, taking presents to push things before the justice department. but she's the only person with a real names that i can identify. and i can't find any lobbyists is who left in a kind of a written record. >> why does the term lobby,

lobbyists come from? >> is very old. in the united states is used as early as the early 1820's. and there is one legend that it comes from the bodies of the willard hotel. it exists are further back in american history than that. it's a term that's used in the a lan before it's used here. do you find it as early as the 1820's. and i mean, lobbying is as old as the government from the minute the government opened, there were individuals pressing for claims, asking for compensation, looking for pensions for the revolutionary war service. is protected by the first amendment. and that's something that a lot of people don't understand. so the 1870's when reporters are calling for the abolition of the

lobby, hello, you know, you just can't do that. and to lobby for the abolition of the lobby is an interesting exercise that was pointed out by many advocate for lobbying. in same as one of them. he gave an impassioned testimony before the house ways and means committee on the importance of a lobby and disregard in london that there were about the agents that have a certain time and a place to lobby before members of parliament. so it's very old. [inaudible] >> if you'd like a different political dictionaries, you find a different dictionary -- a different definition in each one, but it seems as though it's older, it's used in england before it's used here. >> the women were some of his [inaudible] was substandard and did the women withdraw and then talk

publicly, how did it work? >> sam had to kind of dinners. he had wanted neither really have a targeted purpose. if there was is a bill before it the finance committee for the ways and means committee. and one of sam's clients want to devote to go a certain way. he would -- there's wonderful correspondence between sam and his client, barlow. barlow writes and says it's the most candid letter writing about blogging i've ever seen. barlow will write and say, i want this so passed or disable writeback and say, okay, it's going to cost you. i'm proposing for dinners at $500 each and here are the people in i'm suggesting, but you do want to have? those dinners are pretty much all mail and more purposeful. but he often, often had dinners where he would just invite people he thought would be congenial. they did lots of foreign ministers and their american-born lies, members of

congress that he knew from different aspects of his life. they were really more cultivating dinners. women would be president. i don't have any evidence that they withdrew while the men spoke cigars, whether or not it was to talk business. and sam was very respectful of women's opinions at these dinners. everybody who had dinner at sands wrote home about them and that's one of the reasons we know so much about these dinners. and they would talk about, you know, sam listen to me. mr. ward, ask me about my opinion of this. and it didn't go unnoticed. other women who wrote home mentioned this. you are signaling peer >> and signaling you, yes. thank you very much. please join me in thanking kathy. got.mac it's really a pleasure to have your knowledge in your actual research experience joined to it so well and you

really have a contemporary book of the historical look at a contemporary situation, which everyone in the audience has enjoyed. kathy is going to sit here to sign books. there are books for sale just outside the door. they're on sale at the library of congress discount. i encourage you to buy them and come back and then continued the conversation and get the book signed. but let's conclude one more time with a thank you to kathy. [applause]

>> we are here at this year's aipac conference talking with anthony ziccardi a threshold editions. and anthony, tell us are your biggest selling author is. >>arlyn sale, glenn beck, still "the new york times" bestseller list has been there for several weeks. arguing with idiots went on sale last september and we shipped over a million copies. it's still selling very, very well today. learn how to say -- he's built like a nice little unfair for himself at the company. we have four books that were published within him and we are three more coming in 2010. we are very, very excited about just how glenn has really become

a rock star on fox tv and the way his radio show has just grown and grown and grown and he's a terrific writer and a great promoter and he just really reaches a wide audience of people have really come to love his books and support him tremendously. and we also publish mark within, he's a terrific, terrific writer. we publish two books with him now. we have a book coming later this summer that his dad wrote and mark will be supporting it. he read an introduction to the book on lincoln's gettysburg address. that will become in the summer as well and the big at that were excited about going on sale march 9th is karl rove spoke. this is karl's memoir. and as you all know he is a brilliant try to just come a. he worked in bush's office says they know it as chief of staff

and has -- he just carries a tremendous amount of respect. worshiping half a million copies and will go on sale officially march 9. >> and any other radio and television personalities? >> absolutely, absolutely. jerry doyle who we publish earlier this year, a big radio star. were happy to have them on our list. i'm trying to think of the top of my head. mark laffer and steve moore who do a lot of radio and tv. in a radio personalities, but they've been all that immediate last couple of weeks with return to prosperity. but recently, jerry doyle is a big radio guy that we just launched this year. we're very pleased with the book. it's a great recall to be scenic country lately? >> and threshold is part of china and sister, correct? >> correct printer part of the scheinman and schuster. we've been in business just over three years now and it's been very, very successful for us. without several