of mind and state of economics. that people who call themselves middle class or always larger than if you measure the family income of what would be considered middle class. can you say this in about political centrism? there are people on the left or the right but rather they have a state of mind that they would rather be and therefore have the country's population self identify as a centrist rather than left or right. ..

>> >> thank you so much for delivering a lecture today. [applause]

[applause] >> thank you very much. i am pleased to be here tonight am pleased to see so many people interested in my book. [laughter] i have been on book tour and this week i get the same two questions every time so i will tell you what they are. first, how did you get involved in mental health and the second is why did the right to the book? i will tell you why. i was campaigning for jimmy carter. you can't hear me?

[laughter] that does make a difference. i was campaigning for jimmy when he ran for governor the first time and he lost. we got in a lady and a leading democratic candidate dropped out and this was 1966 a long time ago. i am pretty aged. [laughter] nobody would run against him sowed jimmy carter said we cannot just let him have it. we did not have long to campaign but i just drove from one town to the next and passed out brochures and went on to the index down. very disorganized that it united states committee health centers was passed and they were moving people

out of the central state hospitals terrible conditions into the community but there is no community mental health centers yet. i had so many people ask me what would your husband do if he is elected governor? people kept saying at and i was standing at the gates of a factory in atlanta georgia for the shift change that is a really good place to be passing out brochures and this woman came and she was very small, elderly and you could tell how tired she was. i said i hope when you get home you get some sleep and she said i hope so to because that we have a mentally ill and daughter and we struggled to pay for

her care. my husband stays 1/3 at night and i stay with her during the day. that worried me about what she would find when she got home. if they were awake when she got home i thought if she got any sleep or not. that same day i was riding around and came to the town that jimmy would be in that night. so i stayed he did not know i was there. he was shaking hands. i don't know if you stand in a receiving line but you are talking aho the to somebody and when i got in front of him he said what are you doing here? [laughter]

i said i want to know what you're going to do when you're governor for people with mental illness. [laughter] >> host: have to have the best program in the country and i will put you in charge of its 55 he did not because i did not know anything about it but when he was elected governor four years later, he was only in office not even one month before he established the governor's commission to improve service to the handicapped mentally and actually we put community mental health centers in 123 communities but they were not comprehensive. some of them were offices in the center of town where people could go to find out where to get help and i was very proud of it when i left

in georgette. but then when i campaigned campaigned, because it had in my bio i was interested in the mental health issues, everybody i campaigned for one year so for the mental health center there were very few so i developed a real responsibility because back then with institutions nobody wanted to talk about it. somebody heard me at the meeting that night and i say all of the advocates descended on me.

[laughter] then while he was governor and a meeting it was a long time before we can get any people to come. we could not get a buildup of big advocacy. but my five advocates were always there and for a good while just a of fuel in employees but nobody wanted to talk about the issue. it has been a very long time since i have gotten in default. governor's commission, president's commission and now there is a good program at the carter center. it is about 82 1/2 hour drive south but we spend one week per month and we schedule out one year to be at the carter center but anyway, that is so i got involved. the mental health act of 1980 was passed a and got it

past october 1980. [applause] but in november a new president was elected and the whole legislation was abandoned to. we even passed a and funded it. it was not perfect but it was one of the biggest disappointments of my life. the other question is why did you write to the bookworks when you got got -- heard who i got started and now i work all of this time, i think help for mental illness that it goes in cycles until somebody is interested in doing pretty good then maybe

than next president does not care about it so nothing happens and you drift along. he had great funding for research and then it drifted four while but then the first president bush came into office, he said it was said decade of the brain and really added to the research. up today we have learned so much for research we have new treatments, and the medications, we have learned that people can recover. but the reason i wrote this book is because we spend $120 billion per year want mental health care that does not include support of employment, housing, anything else but direct mental health care.

millions are still suffering. i am still distressed and angry about it because to know that people can recover and not have a system that works, it just hurts me. wrote the book because i want people to know what i know so we can get over the stigma that holds back everything we tried to do. so my book focuses on four major things. recovery, as i said, the people can recover from mental illnesses. our mental health system is already having to shift away i have so many people tell me about that and one young man who dreamed of being a great artist and teen-ager

he developed and went to the doctor and the doctor said you never get through that. that is what happened in the past. so now we have to shift from a negative 92 people's strength to say you can recover and we can help you. recovery is one cover prevalence is another, one out of four adults in this country has a mental illness every year and one of the five children develop a mentally ill this every year. and those do not discriminate. happens to everybody.

those people on the street to the poor, the rich, and the homeless homeless, unemployed, ceos or anybody. it is everywhere. to recover from that stigma this go distressing and holds back funding for programs the politicians and the policy makers and people like me who really try have a hard time convincing our officials from mental health issues and i hope that will change and the new health

care reform bill has mental-health and substance-abuse disorders in the basic package and i am excited about bad. it has great priority for training mental-health professionals. in 2003, president bush had another mental health commission and when i look at the recommendations there the same ones i did in 1978. it just distresses you when you look back to see what it is in the report of the commission is a mental health system in the united states is in shambles. there is no way to start

over so with the consumer network program developing because consumers have originated and have done the research or recovery there was a woman named judy chamberlain who in 1978 roadblock that was about consumers helping others then she started meeting and had a bad experience so she started to get together groups who were living together with mental illness and talking about how they could help each other her it just grew into a movement and one of my friends on my mental health task force was one of the year the people who had been drawn in and started the first consumer

program in the state government in alabama and amaya their friend from georgia lived with bipolar and is in recovery with one of the others and he he started the program in the government in georgia and also in the consumer network started reading and bringing in people that they do were living with mental illness and talking to them. mentally ill people need respect. housing, a job, the consumer network helps them with those things. and people recover. some recover without taking any medication with good lives in the community even

with major illnesses people can recover and -- can you hear me in the back? morale in georgia the one who started the consumer network, was able to get to medicaid for the consumers that were counseling their peers and we have an 500 peer mental-health specialists that are certified. they go from communities and a lot of people come to see them that go into communities and face the

somebody that is suffering, they just told them in and it is a wonderful program and spreading it all across the country. i think it is in 40 states but i am not sure. i have a book citing and somebody from the consumer network had me sign a book to my consumer network friends bernard know it is and merrill lynch but i don't know of other places. but it is growing the reason i am optimistic is because what we know about medication and from the consumers to be able to help people recover i think the movement is too strong. i don't think they can set us back and in particular the government with the new health care bill and i have always thought that if insurance coverage mental

illnesses it would be all right. [laughter] it would legitimize them and that would mean an awful lot to people. i have high hopes it will be a good future. and the other is prevention. and now learning so much about prevention and building resistance in children and relearned mental illnesses is developmental and i think 50 percent of all mental illnesses diagnosed in children by age 14, 75 percent by age of 24. four in the parents here with babies, we need parenting class is because when the baby is growing

growing, they need deep attention. people need to watch their babies to see have the nurturing with their parent develops. they need to watch the age at the appropriate milestones if they crawl or walk get the right time. and even when they're starting to nursery school to see how they react with their peers. now we know we can detected early so it mitigates the problem so it can prevent it from developing into a major

mental illness. those are the themes of why a book by employees the u.k. mountain i am so excited you're interested in mental health. you can go to your policy makers and let them know how important it is in. they always need volunteers. of the people who were interested and care about those can really contribute and i am just pleased to be here and i think there will be signing books for you. [laughter] [applause]

>> now we will move on to the signing portion. [laughter] [inaudible conversations] >> thank you so very much for all of your work. it means the world. you just made my mother's day present. [laughter] >> thank you so much. not a lot.

they give. >> thank you. i make your ritchie's rainn recipe of the time. people love it. [laughter] and they -- thank you so much for all that you have done. [inaudible conversations]

>> thank you very much. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

this filmic you work so hard to make the world a better place. and [inaudible conversations]

[inaudible conversations] has been a big canyon break this to the morning? are you other run? >> i cannot do breakfast. >> did you marry my son? >> i did primary day bunch of them. [laughter] >> when is the election? >> may 11th. i am doing a campaign for them. >> it is such a pleasure to be we work for a federal agency were rework for homeless and mentally ill children.

>> you make such a difference in the world. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> guy cannot do that. >> i appreciate that.

>> she is a 90 yet. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> thank you and god bless you for all of the work you do on this issue. >> thank you very much

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> you're looking at the cover of the book called "network nation: inventing american telecommunications" and and the author richard john is here to talk about it. looking at the obama

administration and policy development on broadband so forcefully wiring the nation for broadband you talk about the government's support for communication technology. >> that's right we tell the story of telegraph and telephone focusing on electronics but in fact, the telegraph and telephone developed in the political economy where government regulation was essential to the way the business strategies of the key players devolved. that was a surprise to me. is started doing this research i have not expected to discover how close of the ties were or how different the business strategies were depending on the regulatory environment. >> host: so the winners and losers decided they would be universal? >>

>> guest: in the case of the telegraph the first model that the government owned and the network can develop it like the post office. but was the division of samuel morse that help of the telegraph patent. here it was widely regarded as one of the most fundamental inventions of the aging and the first thing he wanted to do was so it to the government and it was much too important to be developed of private enterprise and fearful of corruption, business groups, speculating, he wanted a mixed system with the government regulating but that is not what happened. it in fact, congress show dreary little interest and it was commercialized by corporations under state charters in which they developed a businessman day in response to regulatory environment in which competition was favored. what is interesting, if you

have a regulatory environment telegraph co.'s have a very narrow man days of they did not aspire to provide universal service as late as 1880, the president of western union told anybody who would listen nude of the cost of sending the telegram was as low as sending a letter, the vast majority of americans would prefer to send letters so they would not reach into that market because they feared if they did they would have to be regulated but with the telephone it was very different. in which regulation was taken for granted because they had a municipal franchise. then that you cannot have opened injury only a certain number because only a certain number of wires could become our strong into the ground as a consequence

it is always politically contested to would get those political franchises and those telegraph co.'s after 20 years of experimentation decided the best way they could beat off the political challenges was to expand their mandate. so when 1887 you have the head of the trade association telling the public there will never be a time when more than one-half of 1% of the american people will ever make a telephone call. by 1900. [laughter] you think they would be the ones but they were not. by 1900 they have completely changed their tune imports because they make investment and partly because they're fearful of basically extortion and they make a

huge commitment to expanding their services bryant with the political environment how do we know that? you don't have expansion of the networks certainly with britain or france so the united states is three distinctive that is for the mandate to universal service telecommunication comes from. it was a mandate only in the city's but never a mandate to provide low-cost telephone service throughout the country. you and i remember when it was expensive to make a long-distance telephone call. but was not the mandate but to provide low-cost telephone service and then to combine that with low-cost telegraph service and for a period of four years, the leading telephone provider bought western

union and they tried to provide what the president of at&t called universal service and that was low-cost local telephone and low-cost long-distance telegraph accords would not permit it and broken up 57 at at&t american and telephone and telegraph. >> when they got the original charter for american telephone and telegraph common they named it to take advantage of the telegraph lot passing in new york state in the 1840's and that it is created advantageous for expansion. >> but with the municipal franchises with cable companies and also bundling of services. >> guest: it is very interesting i do not realize the extent that television

stations telephone was shaped also buy early radio pork barrel rates were set whether or not you could string choirs overhead just as the cable companies were and that was absolutely essential to the bundling and unbundling. this was a real surprise because historians have made analogies of nearly telephone based on the internet so the united states expanded access because we have one fee per one year. on limited service for the flat rate. but in the case of the telephone come it turned out to it was popularized in a different way. the uniform flat rate was a discouragement to expanding access because it was quite high maybe $175. the brave the telephone was popularized which was the

leading edge of technology new york, chicago, san francisco, one dozen others they unbundled the services and paid her call for a measured service plan you could have a certain number of calls that were free then you had to pay. there was a variety of calling plan. in fact, in this city of chicago and a couple of others say very high percentage as many as one half of 1910 telephones were pay-as-you-go telephones and people's homes berkeley would put a nickel in the slot to make a local telephone. >> they had a service person come in and it was very labor-intensive but the cost was so much lower. not just $1.50 per month but one nickel per day and that

was a complete revolution. the first call was in a drugstore because you could put in your nickel into the public telephone you would go to a drugstore it was a loss leader you get foot traffic and four sometimes you just called but that is how they got the idea they could install a similar apparatus in in boarding houses and private homes where you pay-as-you-go. nos service charge or installation charge the and that was how it was popularized. >> host: ehud interest in the telegraph as. history and the telephone is

still with us but not the telegraph? >> guest: it was the first electrical communications media. we often make assumptions about the present day the basis called the victoria and internet too but the first application it was enormously important and market information, commerce and very important in news we still call it the wire services a very high percentage of american news went through the western union which was a major telegraph provider by close arrangement with a trade association which is different from those that have the same name and a collusive arrangement between the press and the wire service and that is very interesting with the

enduring question about access to public information and affairs. >> host: how unnecessary was the relationship with the railroads? >> guest: in american mythology, the railroad and the telegraph march together across the continent and it was a great surprise to me to discover the relationship was much was closed and we have assumed. the first big users of telegraph were traders and newspapers and a great deal of resistance. you'd be advertising and saying we're not using the telegraph. it was perceived to be too dangerous. there is a much slower adoption of the telegraph to

dispatch trains in the united states than in britain or canada. because the american railroads were single track where british railroads were double track and that was a big problem for the first generation that they could not get railroads to put up the money. some of the reason they have such trouble is the of promoter was the name of mr. kendall who had gone in dead against the road and postmaster general and also against the banks and the newspaper's though the three groups did not like him and not willing to support him and moors and as a consequences for those were not being met at big promoters of the telegraph in the early and critical of the years. >> host: but mr. morse was then that capital all conducting his famous

experiment. how did that come to be he was in the capital than it was memorialize? >> a good question. he had very good press from the beginning bellmores' was very good friends with the patent commissioner he had went to yale, class of 1810 and he was intent upon encouraging american inventors and recognition their breaths -- brits were well ahead of the technology and other europeans were moving quickly as well but the patent commissioner wants to have eight american hero who could actually profits from the patent rights so there are very few american patents were lucrative before 1836. now for the first time, the patents are certified by a the government. britisher french did not certify.

his college roommate certifies the patent that makes the claim very broad. here is an additional factor to know for certain days to middle of an interview. [laughter] it is hard to know for certain but no question that ellsworth and his wife knew that moors was in love with ellsworth daughter. and the famous and ceremony was articulated in the early telegraph message was a message that was the work of and as a mother. it was not meant dba publix ceremony and in the supreme court chamber and i

speculate he was trying to impress a and who was there in the chamber and her grandfather was an early justice of the supreme court. and moors hoped he would marry and whether or not ellsworth's did, hard to say but the facts are the patent was very broad and ellsworth new he was interested in his daughter they went ahead with the private ceremony but once the relationship falls apart, then they have to come up with a different story as to why moors and asean were all together and that is the beginning of the telegraph methodology and leads to the portrait. he is a promoter but not a very good businessman so he gets the credit for the kelly ripa did not make much money off of it and not until the second generation emerges that it becomes

essential to american life as british life so it is a tangled story it. >> host: the portrait in the capital is not based on fact but on the myth. how interesting. >> guest: it was because you could not get any investors and at this moment point* inventor emerges as the civic a deal only 80 years to happen ventures that we believe remember in the history books. maybe a little earlier through eli whitney to thomas edison. has a lot to do with the demand of the patent holders that they can use to create very broad patents. at&t commercializes the first electronic technology

to say the first that modifies electric current in conjunction with the trends -- transcontinental telephone which they introduce commercially 1915. here is a perfect example for at&t to boost their inventors demand it comes up with the vacuum tube but the at&t public relations department does not want to they want to focus on the organization of at&t. who do they plots out to put up the two men's new york two san francisco? they bring back alexander graham bell and thomas what sen that have nothing to do with the electronic but they are key figures from the crass. inventors are used for almost manipulated in order to create property rights

that can be used. the almost deification of moore's as i read about is absolutely outraged critics and congressmen and other business figures because they recognize to the extent his image was being used by western union in order to protect western union from government regulation. the heroic inventor is largely a mythological construction because of the patent system that is one of the themes i try to tease out. >> it has been a remarkable adventure. i had tremendous fun. i had no idea how that telegraph business was transformed when the notorious financials speculator jay gould takes it over before that calling

for the regulation of the telegraph was few and far between. but in 1881 as soon as jay gould takes over the entire new york business community was to regulate the telegraph. budget to demonize began inside the new york business community a business against business reform movement. historians have neglected that. they focus on the farmer, the urban workers but in fact, the movement to regulate the telegraph and telephone begins with the users that is a very important the payment and

regulation and communication and broadband and there are powerful businesses on different sides and those groups serve their interests and that is precisely the story. >> host: let's delve into the last area which is the president's. what role is the president's use of the technology play? >> guest: that is interesting the telegraph did not have much to do with the mexican-american war. it probably would have been conducted the same. budget they do not want the government to take over as the postmaster general did but the first president to comment extensively is james buchanan who is very poor fall it is making it impossible to tell one story in one. the country and the news is

spreading and he is very troubled by that. abraham lincoln who was no great fan of the transcontinental telegraph which was understandable as it was the pet project of his rivals, when he becomes president he comes to see the railroad and the telegraph as you 19 of the country and the way that it made the union inevitable but has the technological determination and spend more time in the telegraph office during the civil war than anything else and falling those battles very closely and the news was closely monitored during the civil war because of the wire service. that is a real landmark and the use of the telegraph by the president. hayes was the first to have a telephone in the white house.

not used much but teddy roosevelt was the innovator but used primarily by a secretaries and a service for a great deal of political correspondence and george perkins was an innovator to conduct business deals. but presidents probably could have gone on without the telephone. it was very useful for the staff of in getting the food put on the presidential table. >> host: we are a network nation and a network and road thank you for telling the story of the telegraph and the telephone. >> guest: i really enjoyed it. >> host: rear of the organization of american

historians annual meeting talking with ivan r. dee can you tell us about your upcoming book? >> i am standing next to 53 the author of this book that is causing a lot of attention at the moment called not in my neighborhood. very interesting story of racial segregation and discrimination in housing in baltimore in the late 19th century through the present time and antero pietila was a reporter for "the baltimore sun" and knows all of the alleys and back ways of the city as well as all the people who were involved in these shenanigans over the years in his book is getting a lot of attention. >> host: tell us how you got involved in this project and how long it took you. >> i am from finland

originally spent somewhere -- summer in new york and a revised the american cities are not what they seem to be an harlem had a history that was not african-american in the beginning and there's a small finnish community in harlem so when i joined "the baltimore sun" in 1969 that was a story i was interested is how various cities and neighborhoods change and that is what the book is all about. >> host: it sounds like if you started with that interest in 1969 it was quite a journey for the book to come out. >> it was quite a journey first as a reporter in south africa than the soviet union and the talk comes together in this book. >> host: tell us about some of your findings. >> 18 is my eight uneasiness

was one term i do not use of the book because it is accepted by the academic community but there are two versions white people saw blockbusters says destabilization merger of them away. black people generally in baltimore saab blockbusting is something good that opened housing for the blacks. >> host: m&a stop you hear what does blockbusting mean the? >> it has nothing to do with video rentals bus speculation on housing white speculator is would buy housing at cheaper rates from the fleeing whites and

then flop houses and sell them to the blacks at very high interest rates. >> host: so go ahead with your analysis. >> guest: that is one difference. what i found and this is very similar in many other cities, it is the all-american city it may not have happened exactly the way it happened, but these are the things that people have talked about so it is a frank discussion now becoming very topical again.

>> what kind of reception is the but getting? >> it is doing just what i thought to make people think and talk about old times and the reasons for the racial tensions that exist today. >> host: now can you tell me is that the focus of ivan r. dee publications to publish books that our social issues of discussion? >> we are a serious publisher and to publish serious books for general reasons but we're not confined to social issues republish history, biography , literatu re, theater, also baseball.

peter morris game of inches is at one volume paper book and one of the most foremost historians of early baseball in the country and one of the first members of the new hall of fame that includes the bill james and other distinguished men. we also have the book called cotton and race in america that has done very well quite lately and it is a powerful examination of the role of cotton in the racial divide of the united states. and republished this booker t. washington backer fee as part to of a new series we

have started dove of the african-american biography because we noticed there were no short parties of major black figures for the general audience there were some high school books so we started this series that are about 200 pages in which 10 by eight authoritative historians and biographers to address that particular issue and we try to publish books that are entertaining as well as informative that sparked controversy. >> what was the biggest seller last year? >> guest: a good question. probably the book called safe for democracy which is a history of the cia covert

operations, highly recognized and that book is a combination of his work over many years on covert operations of the cia. >> host: are there any other books upcoming that you're looking forward to? >> guest: yes. the book preludin to catastrophe we will publish in the fall is about the jewish advisers around president roosevelt. they're actions and inactions in the face of the nazi menace in europe and have responsible they might have better what they might have done to help prevent the