we expect you to prepare for all potential attacks. one exam, when we got the hard drive i think it was out of pakistan that showed surveillance tapes of five buildings i think in new jersey, new york and washington and remember we raised the threat level of 2003 which in and of itself which became a controversial -- and i would do it again in the same circumstances. i just would have editorialized my own comments. i put my foot in my mouth and i kind of regret that. but what the surveillance tapes showed and what the private sector has done two years later was entirely different. in a post-9/11 world you're worried about your questions and the casualties and the visitors and presumably this administration continues to view that is well. ... presumably this of ministration does that as well. >> there is the supply chain

resilience if you look at the recent case, a third party vendors not just said guest traveling at ibm been demanding more out of the supply chain. >> stock but with 9/11 putting security protocols at the other end of the supply chain you do that and ridden expect stations individualr securing >> in time there's a lot of technology out there, there's a series of things. avoid a to avoid a single point of failure in the system. the private sector joe has accepted that responsibility.ino i apologize. >> my question is in the aftermath of the last terrorist threat, some people into bed that president obama's statement might've been politically

th motivated with elections coming up this tuesday, otherwise heuto would have said something tothwn take a stanotce on the issue.ceo i wonder if you agree with thatw character ration of his charonse, the administration's response, and more broadly, an whose call is it jusdt do how io much in wind do you reveal to the public interim of aal to the terrorist threat? >> first of all, i was the subject of the same kind of samf criticism on occasion when i level.he threat of all right before the elections i guess august 2004. it falls on deaf ears. i don't think anybody costs will use the threat to level to try to effected political outcome which i thought was interesting, not necessarily commentary was the president made the statement rather than the secretary of the

department of all the and security but those are the decisions they make in the white house of new shows up on the sunday show? decision made in the white house but there is another point* of view that the president wanted to make that statement to reassure us. the highest level labor doing all they could. i don't go there. it is inappropriate and of think a president would do that. >> al qaeda has targeted elections with the outcome of the madrid. >> they have not affected the outcome but the second part of a question, i don't know what the decision-making process is with the threat advisory system anymore other than being an orange airport it has not been used. according to the old system

that must mean whenever they see coming across the daily threat reports has not generated the need to go public. i can only assume that to be true. >> quote questions about rules fighting terrorism the clinton administration relied on criminal law and push the administration went conflict with problems of the geneva convention but neither is a good fit. the obama administration is a hybrid but should this be an evolutionary process or the continuing threat in the traversed century city we have an international standard for dealing with terrorism? in the 18th century we made new rules to do with piracy. do a prefer the system now or too seriously looked at in a system? >> >> these are the question that you could ask is everybody could hear it.

>> and terms it actually wrote the opinion piece in "usa today" whether it should be treated criminal or a hybrid or conflict or a higher bid there of soap looking at that. >> i appreciate the question because i do believe terrorists are not traditional prisoners of war or traditional criminals. i do believe it is part of america is responsibility dealing with the global threat and the jihadist in a way consistent with our value system because of america it is a product, we don't want to diminish the brands. that being the case, i personally but favor to have long discussions all, almost a national security court. i like the idea, a due

process is part of the brand. guantanamo was the right thing to do initially but the reason it caused much consternation because the rest of the world could not believe america would pick people off the battlefield and leave them there forever and it wasn't consistent with the american brand of due process. my judgment was never about the location but adjudication how do determine if they should be there or they were at the wrong place for the wrong time or wrong forever? both have occurred. how do you adjudicate? at the end of the day we have to look at a national security coalition perhaps presidentially appointed with a three court panel and have them deal with the fisa applications and habeas

corpus and counsel, rules of evidence, transparency is essentially important and render a verdict and move on. that is what we should do with the terrorists. i have a tough time consuming criminals ladies and gentlemen, the biosite have by prosecuted and defended criminals. i never met anybody who was willing to blow themselves up to achieve their goal. that does not quite fit in with the asymmetric bid made and the tactics are different but rules of evidence have to be different they cannot be quite as transparent as long as everybody knows them, representation rules of evidence and adjudication and to move on.

>> of recapture bin laden today, do we read him his rights? >> no. we throw him in jail and give him a lawyer and move on. he has the right to counsel. and will be heard in front of the independent group with the rules of evidence will be different than in a criminal court. some of these prosecutions maybe easier than others but you still have to protect your resources i have to believe rules of evidence will be different and the military tribunal still make it because they were established during the course of the war with a quick resolution of the enemy, and to do with them at the time. they are not a fit this time either. >> good to see you again governor. you mentioned safer stronger better the department of

romance security building this a for stronger better america. since we have talked about infrastructure, rearview mirror created policy, whether or not you believe we have the proper balance between national preparedness, and fizzle out -- physical security measures? >> the parts of homeland security that was embedded embedded, with a terrorist attack, oil spill, not necessarily oil spill. that is different but fema. candidly, i am not privy to

the work they're doing in the area. but the broader responsibility, the question is, are we giving them the resources? and more importantly the state and local government to build that to prepare the infrastructure. a couple of things. we add county and state government to get together to help us design the operations plan down at the county level. if you get the disaster center everybody operates who will be there? what our roles and responsibilities? and also design a national response plan that was never given a good chance that katrina designed to put in place but even in those instances, you have to be mindful people are subject to change and modification

and alteration based on your relationship back to the local first responders of the apparatus exist with the mindset, i don't know but to help preparedness if they have the broadband public safety network. i for one argue for the math to be involved provide health to rewrite the law creating the in the with a bunch of trade rose jumping around my district so you just have to make sure the relationship they have with the locals, my answer is long winded and i am sorry but i thought homeland security was a big monolithic structure in washington but then break it down i thought regions would be helpful.

we have the integration team of people from all of the agency's to break it down with eight regions dennis -- united states build on the traditional missions of other agencies coast guard had separate mission and fbi then embedded with only a security. it made sense and for me it meant the rubber was in charge you would have the relationship with the governor, the mayor, big city police chief and helped to oversee the training exercises come and help allocate fellow integrated network. >> it is still sitting on the shelf. >> if you have to reach an four or five years before katrina, home as security director had a relationship with the mayor and two or

three governors involved, overseen the training exercises, you could not have kept some of these from breaking but i think the outcome still would have been dramatic but it have been in a better position of the federal-state local government were working together before it occurred. >> let me second that we spent six months writing a very lengthy report i am not sure anybody read. [laughter] >> i did. like the health care bill. i read it. [laughter] >> building on that at the wing young men and women died and that is why we have the need. >> their response plan we had under the circumstances circumstances, all cabinet members signed off so that is something was so dramatic get overwhelmed state and local like katrina, this

individual could call on the resources of everybody to respond as quickly as possible. >> we have time for a couple more questions. >> i am with touchstone consulting group. are you surprised the aviation supply chain is a preferred target? obviously b.c. rail but does it surprise you that mood 10 years after 9/11 is the preferred choice? just curious on your thoughts. >> it is not a surprise. it is a theme and at that has recurred in my almost four years there periodically. one of the reasons because it on seoul's the entire

world because of how we live in the 21st century and affects commerce and a major way and what 9/11 did to the commercial aviation industry as they understand fully it is another incident involving a commercial airliner whether passenger or not what have huge economic repercussions that would dramatically disrupt economic activity around the world. >> as pan am 103 did at the time. >> good morning governor. james reed. you were in fortunate to experience the political

aspect of american security by serving in congress as well as the management perspective and mentioned the red tape involved with many subcommittees in congress. how do suggest to strengthen the links between the branches of government and security? >> wonderful question. wonderful question. we have been reminded from time to time of the ongoing threat because of incidents and anecdotes powerful reminders. i think in time hopefully the political leadership of both parties will have these

public discussions in a way to help americans understand the long-term nature of the threat. we should not be breathless about it. it is not a country that lives in fear. we should remind ourselves that when we lived under a different norm as then the cold war we had thousands of missiles pointed at the soviet union, a committed the resources to dealing with the threat to and the professionals and underneath a nuclear umbrella the challenge for the foreseeable future not to be with our value system but to do it in a way to keep the

public engaged and defenders to pick out the times square the bomb did not go off 31 the passenger to explain these are the anecdotes to read about and going about in a very methodical way to become a part of the dialogue. but it does not hurt to have a discussion to make ourselves safer and more secure. part of the dialogue which it has not been for a long time. so that is a great way of doing it. it is a fact of life. >> we have time for another. >> good morning. the freedom of speech that america enjoys three now have the internet and the

information out there. the terrorists use at as secure communications like second life and world of for kraft what should we do? >> is difficult to secure the internet but we have also discovered they have a public messaging campaign and a narrative that is much more appealing to the radicals in the use of the internet and social not working to undermine their ideology. idea of the internet as one of the tools obviously we exploit every chance we get but it is beginning to the bronx the belief system but we get another battle about nomenclature but terrorism is a tactic used for

millennia, thousands of years and our job is not to have the muslim world that the would embrace democracy as we know it the first job is to undermine what ideology stands for. >> al qaeda elevates the murder bombers. do you know, where the marchers are common the men and women and children that killed at weddings and funerals and bazaars and mosques. we have to use these communications tools to define the broader muslim world there's nothing in their ideology that suggests

that a muslim will enjoy a better life better education , and stop transformative in human terms of we use the internet as a couple of devices to undermine before they could embrace the notion of how we live, we have to demonstrate that what the extremist want you do is inconsistent not only with their religious believes that want to live their lives with their children and the old "politico" average that we really have not addressed ideological issues and again exposing and attacking to

help facilitate the ideology and its own weight. what it implode as it is not the jihadi web site or the chat room but the hand to hand more it becomes a some point* this ago. we have time for one last question. >> from a homeland security policy institute the structure you talk about but this is what has gotten us where we are today and talented people try to keep america safe but when the president spoke the other day he emphasized the government will ensure americans are safecracker if you look at europe and other places where terrorism takes

place, they don't tell their people back terrorism is the fact of life and you have to live with it and you have to help us prevent it. have we been into a sense of complacency because your government will keep you safe? wineries start a campaign that gets people it is engaged and participating? >> ties into the question about how do we go to the general public? i do think that you highlight a concern i have had for some time. that is accepting the reality. go back to the initial question what keeps you up at night? probably the people in the intelligence community but this is a reality. it is the new norm and we

presume government will do everything they can to keep us a fan presume that after an incident all of the resources of the country will be the best we can focus on the perpetrator or discovering if there are any other packages but that is the assumption. and a pretty good one. it is about the broader discussion to say we don't live in fear we are a resilient century and if it does happen again hopefully we could get the perpetrators but it is something we will deal with so accept it so let's do what countries do all over the world and move on. three are strong enough. we just have to have our elected officials talk

responsibly about the ongoing nature and frankly and this instance the middle east and the u.k. it is a fact of life just accepted for those who try to make us secure let's just allow but let's get more engaged overseas economically and don't forget that the end of the day america's future security and prosperity requires more engagement overseas, not less been i think you on that note please tell me if thinking thinking -- and the thinking the governor. [applause] [inaudible conversations]

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da >> you play offense. we play defense to try to make sure you discover the weapons. it's that combination of both. we will continue to work on. a >> you talk about the diplomatic difficulties there.[inaudib] >> true. [inaudible] >> i think i will leave that >> decision to the president and the statele department. they're in charge. the bottom line is that when, probably one of the most important decisions any administration has to make. make but the source of terror of the source of the threat to your troops, the source of training in is in another country come reversed need

to get the collaboration and cooperation of those countries. if it is not forthcoming and threats continue to persist, then you have the challenge whether to take bilateral action with the military and diplomatic members of the president's team. pakistan is a great ally and have done a lot but in certain areas on the border, with good drones it has created problems and externally and internally but at the end of the day it is about trying to be as sensitive as 3k and. there has been the elevated amount of strikes but there are things behind the scenes with discussions. >> how does all this

security work against that? >> then democracy within homeland security is the right agency to be integrated. one of the concerns that i have is we have built into the information process, a huge infrastructure and sometimes i wonder instead of people acting on information end, it appears to be actionable from they did go but then let somebody else decide. have to be careful not to substitute process for our judgment. one final question. >> of the security plan release a bit on draw line between all men security, great britain. should we be moving in that

direction given the international implications? >> i would love to answer the question once i see the report. it is interesting it has not be point of contention here in the united states but it's been a reason for the more traditional military organizations that would be from time to time be integrated into homeland security protocols. it's using northcom to talk about maritime, working with coast guard to determine maritime responsibility. it's working with dhs to provide capabilities in the event that there's certain kind of incidents require military assets within the country. so whether or not they will be viewed as one in the country and the united states, i don't know. having read the report. but i do know since 9/11 there's been time and occasions and reasons for the military to be integrated in certain -- at certain times with homeland security capability. >> okay. thanks very much.

[inaudible conversations] >> voters are going to the polls today to elect all 435 house members, 37 senators and governors in 37 states. c-span's election night coverage will begin at 7:00 eastern. we'll show election results as they come in along with victory and concession speeches in key races. also your reaction to tonight's events through your phone calls, emails and tweets. >> they call a voluntary bible reading statute. there's nothing voluntary about the bible reading. >> next week in part 2 of abingto

>> new orleans mayor mitch landrieu says the federal government should look at new orleans as a model of innovation for the country. he made the remarks during an interview with bob schieffer at the innovateter conference. >> maybe no mayor in the country has greater challenges on his plate and a bolder brasher dealings than mitch landry. he was elected mayor of new orleans with 66% of votes that cut across party, racial and demographic lines. he's smart. he's driven. he's not afraid to make big promises. and he's in the process of making good on them. he's vowed to root out police corruption, mend a broken government, close a huge budget deficit, beautify neighbors, cut

the murder rate. for those of you who watched hbo's treme. and, of course, there's no way to take on this ambitious agenda without finding innovative solutions to talk to him about how he's trying to do it all as a distinguished face the nation moderator bob schieffer who i like to call him the anti-glenn beck. [laughter] >> please welcome them both. [applause] >> thank you. [applause] >> thank you all very much. well, mr. mayor, i have interviewed your sister many times. i have interviewed your father -- i guess i should ask you how many more in the pipeline here. >> you have the bottom of the barrel right now. >> well, it's always fun to be

here in new orleans. and i was just going through some of these statistics and they are just amazing. and just a stop and think about this. five years ago, hurricane katrina, the worst natural disaster in our history hit this city. how bad was it 80% of the homes in new orleans were flooded. two years later the worst recession that's hit this country since the great depression didn't leave new orleans out. it hit new orleans like it did the rest of this country. then on april 20th, just 13 days before your inauguration the bp oil spill occurred. that was six months ago, i guess, this week. yet new orleans is still here. so i guess the question i want to ask you, mr. mayor, is how is new orleans doing? [laughter] >> it's been a joy the entire time. [laughter] [applause]

>> first of all, bob, if i might i know we're on the clock a little bit but tina, thank you so much, the daily beast and thanks all of you for taking the time to come here. one of the things that's been so heartening for the people of new orleans is the love that the people of america have shown for this this very special place. i know when you come here and you spend time here you know there's something unique about this piece of land, these individuals and i think you've been able to see over time to begin asking the question that there's a strong resiliency or a strong sense of place and a strong sense of purpose. and the reality is that come hell or high water, and we've had both and we had a national recession and we've had a bp oil spill, the people of new orleans are still standing. and i think the unbelievable thing is we don't really think we're unique. we think everybody in america would have done the same thing that we did. we find it really peculiar, by the way, that most people in

america think that there was any other choice but to rebuild new orleans. if you think about it in a very -- i'll take that. go ahead. [applause] >> if you think if something happened to your family or to your house, to your school, to your car, to your doctor, to your child you would do whatever you had to do to survive and in reality that's all the people of this city did when wendell was up here or sister marylou a little while ago, or whether we were talking about latoya cantrell or wendell pierce and all they were doing was grabbing their roots and holding onto them very tightly because that's what they knew. and it is uniquely american, i think, to be able to say, look, we've got no choice. and that's how we got the innovation because we didn't have any other way to do it so we had to create out of nothing. it was necessity that caused us to try to stay alive and it was that survival mechanism that

actually got us into experimenting which is why you've seen some very innovative things happening on the ground. we're not happy that it's so hard and we absolutely believe that the city of new orleans is a canary in the coal mine for the rest of america. that the things that are happening on the ground good or bad reflect what's happening all over this country and we think the country will miss a very important learning moment if they don't see us as the most immediate laboratory for innovation and change anywhere else in the country so you see both good and you see bad. the great thing we're still here. the great thing is that we're recreating our school system. we recreated our school system and the bad thing our infrastructure is crumbling. we have a high poverty rate and a high crime rate and we have to find a way for it to get it all right and we're struggling and hope that you will stay with us and thank you for what you've already done. >> one of the most impressive things and i want to ask you about this is the number of new businesses that have started in new orleans.

i mean, this is a conference about innovation. the number of people starting new businesses here is far above the national average. how has that happened? >> two things first unemployment rate is the lowest in the country in the city of new orleans right now. and i think -- there's a couple of reasons why it has happened. first of all, the rest of the country flocked down to new orleans. tim williamson who is sitting created the idea village. we had men and women who graduated from harvard, from stanford from all the big schools that ordinarily would have gone to wall street are or going to work in the white house or work in congress who decided because of a desire to help america rebuild itself, to actually move here. we actually have more teach for america individuals in the city of new orleans right now in real bodies than any -- in any other city in america. and so all of those individuals that are bringing that intellectual capital here are bringing new innovation. we also have a bunch of young

entrepreneurs that have seen a great opportunity, who otherwise didn't have to go raise a family someplace else, who actually came here. on top of that, the city of new orleans years ago understood that treating social entrepreneurship like a business and understanding that centers have to be appropriate to recreate the film industry -- by the way, we do more major pictures in the city of new orleans than anywhere else in america except in los angeles or new york right now. we did 80 major motion pictures in this state last year. [applause] >> and so that's starting to spin itself out, however, as happy as i am about it i can say that there are dissatisfiers that could kill this child in the crib. crime is a huge problem for us. infrastructure is a huge problem for us. poverty is a huge problem. racism is a huge problem. and what we have to do as a country is figure out how we're going to use cities to inform washington, d.c., and congress and the president about how to create policies that actually

hit the ground quick. i was talking to tina -- mayors are very different than congressmen, senators and presidents. things that happen in mayors' offices hit the ground immediately. they are real life, real time decisions that have immediate impact or not. and one of the challenges that i know mayors all around the country, mayor bloomberg talks about this and mayor villaraigosa talk about it. americans are living in real times and when somebody is unemployed and you say we're coming out of the recession, or that we're out of the recession and they get to you 18 months there are a lot of hungry days between today and 18 months. there's a lot of crime that can hurt you between now and 18 months. there's a lot of health care and a lot of illness that your child could have between now and 18 months and so the immediacy of the moment is in our opinion being lost in the national discussion and we're trying to find a way in new orleans to try

to close that time gap between problems that are discussed and solutions either from the private sector, the faith-based sector or the entrepreneurship field. >> what -- i'd just like for you to talk a little bit about your schools 'cause the fact is, your schools are probably in better shape now than they were before katrina. am i wrong about that? >> no, you're right about that. but they were very bad before katrina. and they're still not great but they're getting much, much better. so we had a school system that was not unlike any other school system in america. where there were big fights. the school board was more concerned about contracts, working with unions, figuring out employer/employee benefits than they were about student outcomes and student achievement. so katrina came. every school building in new orleans was 14 to 16 feet under water. so we didn't have anywhere to go to school. cheryl and i have five children. we moved to baton rouge. we put four of our children in school in baton rouge. but cheryl who has been working every day of her life and

helping to support our family and a poor politician had to come back to new orleans because that's where her job was and one of our children add school there and that went on with families all across new orleans for a good six to eight months. balloter isaacson lived in a city -- in a little area called broadmore this was a public school and it had gotten beat to hell by the storm. we had to rebuild it. hence, the frustration with negotiating with fema about how to get schools back in play. here's the problem with the federal government. fema right now in this country is not ready to rebuild major areas of the country when there are major catastrophes. that's not what fema and the department of homeland security was designed to do. this country does not have the capacity right now to rebuild major american cities that have been hurt by catastrophic events. and by the way this is for the people -- it wasn't a natural disaster. [applause] >> it was a manmade disaster. [applause] >> and the reason -- you can

i'll get all acted up in front of our guests. >> [laughter] >> the reason that's important this happened because the levees broke. it was an engineering failure. it wasn't a hurricane. we were cool. on monday afternoon at 2:00 everything in new orleans was good until the levees broke. that's an engineering failure and we have consequences like that all over the country. when the corps of engineers did a study of levees that protected all of you, there are 126 major levees that protect the cities that you live in that are compromised right now, okay? and the response to katrina and rita even though it was very, very slow, right, it hasn't really completely been fixed. you saw that with the bp oil spill and we couldn't figure out how to plug a hole in the gulf and so the big learning lesson for the country is don't just think because we're in new orleans and we're in the deep is out city and we don't know how to do things really quickly like the rest of the country that somehow it was us that caused this problem. it wasn't. the learning lesson is that the

country needs to get better at emergency operation response. the country needs to get better at educating your kids. so what we had to do was rebuild our education system. and so the charter school movement hit us like really hard. and we opened ourselves up to it because we didn't have a choice. the consequence has been is that we have more charter schools per capita in new orleans than anywhere else in the country. and what the charter schools brought us, their public schools by the way, they're autonomy, accountability, parental involvement and a really focused approach on outcomes. and where you find that in the neighborhoods, the schools have every year have gotten better, better and better. we have a long way to go but there's no question that the trend is a very positive trend that needs to be watched and looked at to see whether or not this could be modeled and scaled in other cities across america. >> you mentioned bp. so new orleans was moving along; things were getting better. you were doing a lot of things including the schools and then this thing happened. what kind of an impact did that

have, mr. mayor? >> well, first of all, many people don't realize this, but in the united states of america, we all consume about 20 million gallons of oil a day, in our cars and other things we do with energy. we only produce 12 million gallons a day. so there's a gap of 8. and as a consequence for those people who think we should be energy independent or we should be doing business with countries that have our national interest at stake, our national security is compromised if we can't have energy security. 30 to 40% of the oil and gas that's produced in this country is produced off the coast of louisiana. a little bit in texas, a little bit in mississippi, a little bit in other places, not in florida. not in california, not in massachusetts. not off the coast of new york, nowhere else in the country. and so when that thing happened and folks said, stop drilling, well, two things happened. immediately we began to lose 12,000 jobs, which already hurt

what was a weak economy. and then it put a pall over the people of louisiana had because we operate off of seafood, fisheries, oil and gas and the tourism industry. and so it had a very negative impact because it focused its attention on the heart of louisiana's economy. on top of that -- i'm not trying to scare you. i seem to be doing a pretty good job i offer it. the coast of louisiana that protects those pipelines that gives you your oil and your gas is deteriorating at 100 yards every 30 minutes. and so in 100 years if we don't do something about that the national security and the economic security of the country is going to be compromised and the city of new orleans will cease to exist. actually cease to exist. we've lost more land than the size of some states. so what the people of new orleans are doing when they are yelling about saving us, we're actually saying you should save yourself. and you should use us in a sense of resurrection and redemption

of finding a way to save yourself in a place that has suffered the most catastrophic events and the city of new orleans has offered herself to the country as a laboratory for innovation and change. and so the question is not how bad are we doing or how good we're doing? the question is how should we learn the lessons that we should learn in new orleans to help the united states of america find herself again because we believe you can find yourself on the streets in new orleans in education and health care, transportation, whatever that might be. and that's why the people of new orleans are so excited in this seemingly intractable series of bad events we believe that we're not only have we survived that we're doing better and we found a way to show it to the rest of the country. [applause] >> one of the most controversial things you have done has to do with the police department. i think it's fair to say that new orleans has, what, the highest murder rate in the country.

it has had a police department for many years that many people think has been very corrupt and very abusive. but what you did is you asked the justice department to investigate your own police department and to tell you how to restructure it and rebuild it. i guess i would ask you, how has it been going and been received in new orleans? and equally important, how has it been received by the police department? >> well, i'd like to just a answer that historically, if you will. because i wouldn't have been able to do that without the support of the people of new orleans. four years ago when i ran for mayor, i lost. i try to forget that but it's hard to do that. what most people don't know i ran 16 years ago and i lost, worse. so i finally won. [laughter] >> but the reason that i won was because the people of new orleans decided that they had kind of gotten tired of fighting about things that didn't matter.

not they weren't matter but they didn't matter. for example, race in america, folks, is still here. that people tell you we're in a post-racial society are wrong. we're trying to get to one. but we're not there. all right? but in the city of new orleans, people figured out that we had common threats and common enemies. and my election was a symbol of that. so it really wasn't about me. it was about the people of the city maturing into finding higher common ground. and one of the -- one of the things that's really consistent is that the people of new orleans are tired of b.s. and they kind of just want the truth. you know, for those of you that have had serious illness in your family, a child with cancer, you know, a parent that died -- when you come face-to-face with death, it brings a certain amount of clarity to your life. and it brings a certain amount of courage and it brings a certain amount of impatience. that's the state of new orleans mentality right now. they just want to be told the truth. it should be obvious to anybody

since we have the -- since we have the highest murder ray in the country, twice as high as new york city, that something is wrong. number one. number two with all the evidence that you've seen post-katrina, it is -- it's something that's not subject to contradiction that the police department doesn't would sheing. -- doesn't work. and thirdly, that it's corrupt. and so instead of ignoring that, i talked to a bunch of mayors around the country trying to figure out how to run a city and i talked to mayor bloomberg and mayor daley and mayor villaraigosa, they said two things, hey, kid, listen to me. i want you to do two things. get a good scheduler. that's the first thing i want you to do and the second thing i want you to do is do the hardest things first. and if they are the right things to do, no matter how hard they are, the public will get past them. and so i asked, you know, what -- in cincinnati they had this issue is well and i should what shall we do? they said instead of pushing the justice department away bring them in and the public will know

that you're serious because in the african-american community in new orleans, they're scared of the police department. when people are scared of the police department when there's a murderer on the street and police investigate say you need to tell me what you saw and heard, they say i don't want to talk to you. when a lawyer is trying a case in criminal district court and they've gone through the voir dire, for you nonlawyers in the room that's where they test all the jurors about whether they want them to be on the jury pool and they asked them the simple question, ms. jones, officer friendly is going to testify on the stand. now, he's going to be sworn under oath and when he testifies, do you think that you can believe what he says when all of the people in the voir dire say no, i'm going to give his testimony the same weight i'm going to give to the defense, you got a problem. and so that's what we were finding. so the police department wasn't serving people. and by the way, when they tried to protect people they would do it the wrong way because they weren't trained well. the public said we had enough of it.

as a consequence of that it wasn't that much of a risk. it didn't take a lot of courage to say why don't you come in and help us rather than have me stiff-arm you and so they're here and they are here every day and they're doing an excellent. you know we did a national search for a police chief, ronnie surpass was the police chief in the nashville and head of the police chief in washington, d.c. and by the way he was born and raised in new orleans, went to high school, got his girlfriend pregnant who subsequently became his wife. dropped out of school, went back to school and got a degree and then got a master's degree -- see, he's a real new orleans boy. [applause] >> and people trust him and are now working with us. and i'll give you an example. this will make you cry but about three weeks ago, on a sunday, we have things called second lines. you have the mardi gras indians in here before, right? you saw them. every sunday they parade on the streets of new orleans. and about three weeks ago, two guys who were mad at each other from a shooting about a year before got mad at each other

again and started trying to shoot each other in the parade. and, unfortunately, a bullet pierced the window of a car. and in that car was sitting a grandmother with three children. and one of them in her lap was 2-year-old jeremy galvin who got shot in the head and died and normally a couple of years ago nobody saw anything nobody heard anything nobody knew anything. it was a real sergeant schultz affair on the streets of the city of new orleans but that's not what happened this time. what happened this time is the community rallied. the community came together and within two days, we had eyewitnesses that pegged both the guys, the shooter and the guy that was getting shot at and both of them were arrested. and they're in jail right now. now, that incident right there is a complete sea change with where the people of new orleans have been in years so that makes us very hopeful. and as sorry as we were in that event that we are moving in the

right direction. again, we're happy to have all the applause. it's really good. but the problem with applause and the problem with hero-worship and the problem with new orleans is doing great is people think this is a done deal. it's not. this is a movement that is very fragile. it's in its very infant stages and if we don't stay with it and if we don't secure it, it can get lost as quickly as it was found. >> well, let me ask you just about the police department itself. what has been the reaction from within the police department? >> well, first of all, there are a lot of good folks in the police department. so a lot of them are very upset that their reputations are being sullied by a few. and their response to our initiatives was originally just kind of a push-back. but now that the new chief has been in place, now that they know we are going to be there to support them and now they know they are going to get trained well, i think their response has been really great. most of them want to be a part

of the great department hose who succeed who pat themselves on the back who had good leadership and good resources right and a good recruiting class, anybody can win with that. most of the time. the question is can you win without resources, and without a good team and without good leadership? most of the time, no. if you're going to provide that for an organization and there's clear command and control, clear communication, everybody wants a piece of that. and i think that's -- as these successes move on, i think folks are going to say yes more often than they say no. >> now, one of the most interesting things you have done is you recently hosted a meeting of mayors from haiti and you brought them in here. what did you talk about? and how did that go? i mean, can you see becoming kind of a lab for people that are having hard times, you know, like things happened to them like happened in new orleans? what do you tell them?

>> you know, first of all, it was very important for the people of new orleans to begin to give something back to somebody else. you know, we've been on the receiving end of a a lot of stuff. and the most healing thing that you can do when you're in trouble is to spend a lot of time not focused on yourself but helping other people. so i thought it was really important as tough as new orleans has, we don't have it as bad as haiti. what happened in haiti was catastrophically larger and bigger than what happened here. and so i thought it was important for the people of new orleans to begin to kind of look outside of themselves. that's why during the inaugural address i said to them -- i stole a line from president clinton actually. we have to quit thinking about the to be the city we were and what the city we want to become. and haiti has an opportunity to rebuild itself. just like new orleans does so there's a lot of things in common. one of the things we said to them was really the things we did wrong. you know, when that happened, for many of you who were in new

york for the catastrophic event of 9/11, if you had the occasion to read the report, the 9/11 report done by governor keane, and the congressmen and there were faults in the response and there were some faults there they said there was no command and control, there was no coordination, there was no communication and there weren't adequate resources. we saw the same thing post-katrina, where there were failures. you saw that. and we tried to help them understand what we did wrong and tried to help them figure out how they could do it right. that was one of the things we talked to them about. the other thing that we talked to them about was being open to innovation and change. different cultures respond to that differently but we try to explain to them how that worked. it was a little bit scary for them but they began to understand that. on top of that, we began to talk to them about resources that could be brought to bear from the international community. and the discussion was very good. it only lasted a day. it certainly wasn't long enough. i would commend all of you to look at what's going on in

haiti. it's a very important piece of history and geography not only for the world but for new orleans particularly. way, way back when in the day, when the brits and the french were fighting who was going to control the continental united states that we all exist on and they were fighting in canada first, the english won that fight for those of you that remember this and they expelled the french and the french came through the land and came all the way down and they found themselves in louisiana. i don't know why they came all the way down here. but we have 250,000 french-speaking people that look and talk and act just like the people in quebec. and they left 400 years ago. simultaneously, in africa, when the french were colonized in africa and they made their way into those other areas and over to haiti and the slave trade began all those haitians came over here and met those french people, right? and that's why we look the way we look. [laughter] >> i'm just saying -- i'm not trying to get in family business.

[laughter] >> but when you go -- when you go -- in that movie treme all the architecture and all the families came from haiti. they're a very important part of our history and actually they're, you know, a lot of where we all came from. and so we were trying to restore that historical connection and that historical triangle that existed between haiti, africa, quebec and that's what you feel here that's different from where you live like if you live in houston, we're very different. [laughter] >> right? and so that melting pot came from all of these indigenous cultures meeting themselves in the square that created this art form called jazz. and that's why you feel this international flavor in the city of new orleans and so we have a natural connection to them and want to continue to build, rebuild the cultural ties that have existed for a such a long time. >> mr. mayor, final question.

what can the rest of the united states learn from new orleans? what is your message to the rest of this country? >> well, there are a -- there are a couple of messages. the first and the most immediate one is that we are a laboratory for innovation and change in education, health care, transportation, technology transfer and those things. and this is a place where the country can learn how to find herself again. that's the first and the most important lesson. the second is that as unique as we are, the lessons that are to be learned on the streets of new orleans are lessons that should be learned in new york. should be learned in los angeles, should be learned on the national level about how governments can either learn how to do big things or not. i think bob herbert by the way and thomas friedman have written poignantly about this and are really right. when you look back at what we did in the world war ii with the marshall planning or you look at

some of the work we did with the tennessee valley authority or you look at other big things, there was a time when america could summon all of her will, all of her might, all of her courage and resources and do huge things. i think that america feels small right now. and i think she feels weak. you have this great consternations that will manifest itself in a couple of weeks where we did this transformational thing by electing barack obama and assuming the world would change and now in a couple of weeks we're going to do something different. all in the span of two years and for those of you that are history, you know, that's the blink of an eye. ... of time, so the country to me seems to be confused about what to do and how to do it, and hopefully they will take the opportunity to use new orleans because we're so small and we can figure out whether something works or not to find out how america can do

big things again and to restore her credibility on the international stage because our credibility has been challenged nationally and internationally by her inability to rebuild the city of new orleans. if she can't find a way to rebuild new orleans, how is she going to find a way >> how is she going to find a way to spread democracy worldwide or rebuild anythingits else? and if that moral authorities cover minus then america will bt weaker for it. if it's not compromise, she wilr be stronger. or we would like to offer new orleans as an opportunity backto to where america was strong onc. again. [applause]me >> ladies andn, gentlemen, mayor landrieu. [applause] >> thank you. and now i have, had the honor

honor now of introducing my oldn friend, walter isaacson. ny, walter and i have been friends for many, many years.career in he's had a great career inism, journalism, editor of "time" magazine, head to cnn. he now is the head of the aspens institute out and he always invites me out for the aspen gre ideas festival. so that makes him a great man it my view, but even more importany he's also a wonderful author. any of you who have read hisrani biography, benjamin franklin, oh his biography of einstein onderf, and i highly recommend them to all of you. ..

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ >> thank you to him.

and we've got a wonderful panel coming up. so thankw you. [applause] ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

>> people want to come back. why should they believe in me? why should i do this? of the community is my home, and i would do every and anything to make sure its restored. ♪ >> nothing counts so much as family. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> thank you terrie much.

>> thank you very much. spike lee is in the atlanta airport. you dying to have it go here in new orleans you've got to change planes in atlanta. change that's what he is stuck at therk moment we are really lucky we have therese harris nelson. you have seen her tonight but you may not know it. she was dressed as a mardi gras indian and she is part of the ia culture of new orleans more than anything else more than anything else. one of the coolest people around. thank you. i think and explaining what does it mean to do a panel on culture as a political act, and i think if you are from new orleans you know that because culture has always been a political act ever since the invention of jazz, ever since the creation of the mardi gras zulu each of those is a political act. but i will tell you a story because and new orleans preachers and storytellers, and i think we are here on a panel of storytellers, thank goodness,

always on the frenchman st about two months ago i ran into a window appear, what was it dba, listening to the music, and we started talking and but there was a little bit of a riff about what mitch landrieu talked about which is the life of the charter schools and whether there was a good thing or a bad thing. and so i said, you know, let's make sure that doesn't become a theme within the fight over the schools. and wheat, this is a piece of fiction, yet i am worried about the political consequences of a joke. and when the list saying it's time we are trying to get one of those schools there. and so we were mixing the cultural and the political and i think that happens every day in new orleans. i want to start with you, david, because you're the one that

instigated that but you also came up with some of the notion of this panel. so what was your fault of this topic? >> i guess this cannot as a conversation i had with tina brown in new york a while back. my feeling about what's happened post-katrina, and to be equal opportunity about it, i feel katrina's after matt has been almost singularly a demonstration of ineffectiveness and hollowness at the core of american society right now and it's been demonstrated not just by the federal response to katrina but by the state and local response. i don't think the city has made its way back as far as it has by political fiat or by economic competitive. of those things generally failed

new orleans. what brought the city that is the fact that new orleanians, without thinking committing a political act had a search for the culture they couldn't live anywhere else. they came back for what they knew of as the city provided them as a cultural experience and the city came back one second of line and one saints game at a time and that is what has brought new orleans back. it's remarkable it has come back as it has in five years although there are many people who can't come home, but i will be equal opportunity about it. if it was the republicans and the mismanagement and agreed involving the emergency money in the immediate aftermath of the storm or a democratic

administration and mismanagement of rode home, we would become a can't do country and we've proved it as new orleans. >> you picked jazz as the instrument so to speak. why? >> actually we take the cuisine as well and the indian culture, but all these things, music, food, dance and the interconnected people and performance. dailynew orleans is in the stres and away it is demonstrable and visible as a few filmmaker we had the opportunity to argue for the american city can create. with the mayor was saying earlier about the melting pot being almost to an extreme degree new orleans is jury true, and it's kind of an argument for the american citizens, which i'm very interested in the idea of

the city and it's an argument for the city of what it's capable of. as the mcginn argument for innovation, too because innovation tend to come when you have that makes three estimate innovation and tradition because nothing is more rigorous than a new orleans. >> you did the mardi gras and the indians as a way into "treme" early on since you were not introduced by the video, i will just say that you are a third generation daily speed in. your ka father started the guardian, it? >> yes he did. >> and you also have the mardi gras -- >> mardi gras hall of fame. >> mardi gras paul fame. explain what the mardi gras indians are first car those of us, those people here who didn't get up in the morning and try to

chase them down mardi gras morning like we did. >> that is a loaded question but i will give you my definition of why a mardi gras indian. we call them gangs. our gang believes that to mask is a demonstration that we come our history and culture do not start with our ancestors being brought over in the bottom of ships. that we have history and culture that predates the enslavement of our ancestors in america. it is a demonstration that in our dna somehow we remember. it is a manifestation of that. so, we believe the tradition is very much rooted in west african culture, that the songs were in a common response format. we have the things the we do our rituals. i contend that the mardi gras indians, the social clubs were first responders, spiritual first responders. people came back for the sundays

and for the coppery. we go to our communities and try to come to you. you don't have to pay to see us. it's not really natural, of course we love coming here to share our culture, but we pass in a ritual procession everything is ritual. we have grieving rituals of a celebration of rituals and it's always important we have children are around us that the children are instructed in the traditions passed on by direct contact with fielders. and through that we are able to instruct children on right to passage. all the things that we associate with being dear in many cultures around the world you can find that in new orleans. people think we're just hopping up and down, but there is -- it isn't that. >> it is a name passed on to the traditional people. >> well, we have two ways. some have nonprofits, guardians

institute, and we have and indigenous fine arts program and we go into schools and teach children about the mardi gras indians, not only the mardi gras indians but also a pleasure clubs to read all of the traditions near culinary traditions and our cities, and the most important part of the work that we've done, and i'm very happy to see my mother was honored at a saints football game, this a dead one of the season. since the federal levies raised we have given over a quarter million dollars worth of books to children to rebuild their libraries, and it is just my mother and point and we have given over 25,000 books to schools so those are some of the things we do. when we go in to present the books ceremoniously with a ritual, the the children are receiving books for the community heroes because mardi gras indians are community heroes. our heroes are not in textbooks. and we have to find a way to rebuild our cities and help our children, and this is one way we can do it to get children

beautiful new books that will not only rebuild their libraries, but to align with the comprehensive curriculum because we want all of our children to matriculate from schools, and for them to have books that the teachers can assign, the group instruction and the home learning activities because we have to strengthen the relationship between the home and the schools to get i no firsthand people were neglected in the immediate aftermath of the federal levees breaks. children were not allowed to go to schools because they didn't have any room for children. children were set of lunches they couldn't eat because they were frozen, and if i would do that to my child would be called child neglect. is this any neglect of less because it is the state of louisiana as we wanted to give children hope and the beautiful books to rebuild their libraries, so we really teach children not only for the city and begin culture but also other children as well. and our children actually have fiscal literacy, reading a

literacy, and with the money they are required to save half of their money, invest part of it, and donate some to a worthy cause. >> how do you see culture playing into the politics after the hurricane or after the levees broke? >> welcome culture for me has always been a political act. what happens in america is we've lost the sense of the importance of culture, and it is what her thoughts are to the individual where we reflect on who we are, we hope to be, our inadequacies, the forerunner of culture and arts is the forum as a community as a whole reflecting on how we are and how we hope to be in dealing with our inadequacies. it is the intersection between the people and the life itself, that intersection and how they deal with life, love, death and all of that. when it comes to new orleans, culture the's political act goes back to the inception. in the pleasure club we'll understand the pleasure part. we hear the music, dance, have a

good time and have a good time at the sokol to picosecond. it comes to the day when in discrimination, segregated, jim crow new orleans you were red line. you couldn't get insurance, you couldn't get their real plotz, you were not accepted into hospitals, and there was this social aid and pleasure club is the key to the network where we would pull our money, so if your daddy was sick we could take care of him from our social late and pleasure club. if your mama died we are going to send her out the right way, with a second life. that is the social eight part triet most people and don't understand where that came from the advocacy of civil rights. and a way to find a way to make sure that there is this social network and protection in the community the was being attacked and was dangerous for folks post time. it's not an incidental thing to be it now also, when it comes to

the political actors art, it is action itself where you have to take an idea and actually implement it in the culture of the day and not the residual entertainment. the act itself is to gather advocacy and move forward. that is what so much of the culture came about. the square is these captured who are one day of the week on sunday when he was shoot his guns and they would be able to martyr with these free africans coming from haiti who talk of the revolution and this man named tucson and they say we can be free and actually drum and they have these bandits coming around. so how can we comment on our captors if we take that african sixth and combine and it becomes

jazz. that is how culture evolves with politics and commentary. and it is a tangible thing that we have lost the understanding of the importance of culture in america because we only see it as the residual of entertainment actually the intersection of people dealing with their present life situation and coming up with solutions to the situation and coming up with ways of dealing with this journey of life. that is what the social aid and pleasure club is, it's not just the second line. even the practicality of it. most people act to be addressed in the second white you have umbrellas and handkerchiefs? [laughter] if you come in the summer you wonder stand the importance of an umbrella and a handkerchief in that heat and that son. that is what culture is, the intersection of people and life itself. the social and political ramifications of that. and it is manifested in the

tangible way in a free life. >> how does that get manifest into the pontchartrain and when you were playing in the "treme" you were doing it in real life and cultural life. stomaches art imitating life and life imitating art. you know, it is one thing to always negative and enlightened people to what folks are going through. it was another thing for me to actually get involved and actually come up with a way to bring my community back. as i said earlier, pontchartrain came about the efficacy of the civil rights movement where they set aside to hundred acres of african-americans could actually be a part of the american dream. separate but equal, but out of that we treat this great incubator talent. as i said, there was the one point it was the highest per-capita citizens with higher education degrees, college and master's degrees. the african-american community that was an incubator for so much innovation and talent.

i would dare say, you know, if you go with all of the writers of paris, the same incubation of intellectual thought was happening at the pontchartrain park and civil input where you have your first black mayor, teachers, lawyers, doctors, and what that community created, it was a legacy created for us by these pioneers, these innovators of the civil rights movement that moved the generation. and i was wondering why it was taking so long to come back and i said it's on us, the legacy is to us. the people who benefited from it is the joshua generation that we have to put up the call to action. the of the template already there. put out the call to action, come out together and actually mind the skill sets of of the people who come from the pontchartrain park and i realize we can do this ourselves. and what these was mentioning, the rebuilding of new orleans is

one of the greatest displays of american ingenuity and renewal spirit that we've seen in the generation since the plan. the difference is it came from the people. not any sort of government policy program or whatever. the innovation is to tap into that. that we make the same decisions over and over and from the same do not things, so we can feel as though yes, this great corporation of conglomerate has done a wonderful thing and we just missed the opportunity of the real people doing the innovation. if it wasn't for those neighborhood folks who took it upon themselves to exercise the right of self-determination in spite of because this is placed in front of us by the states and federal government, we have a disconnect sometimes with policy because of the agendas. but the people said in spite of that we are going to come and

rebuild ourselves. >> let me put it go to and one part that you played in "treme" and then you play wendell in pontchartrain, how to those inform each other, how does culture inform politics and so? >> it actually gave an outlet to wendell dealing with a head banging, try and to put together a development corporation, and wendell actually hopefully will bring them order to antwain but it informs you that there is a yin and yang in life. the great thing about antwain is as his life was falling apart around him, his love and appreciation of jazz is so heightened and pure, and jazz itself, freedom what and for how can you on our structure and at the same time celebrate individual with a comical existing at the same time? that is an american aesthetic,

pardon my french in europe, there is an american aesthetic in proposition, add up to build the wireless the same time having order. and that is the skills that you need when you are in a disaster zone trying to build, so that is important. >> rita, how hard was it to decide to bring the saints back after the levees broke? >> i love this question. post-katrina, if you were here i think it was as frustrating for me as for anyone when someone was asking what are your intentions or what you see actually happening? because you just didn't have answers that time. and when you look at the superdome and the state of it, we have a responsibility and all of the other owners in the league and you just can't flip-flop and move the games are around. we had this plan on the schedule. so as far as being able to play in new orleans, the was tremendous. what people don't realize is there are so many details in the background as far as a college stadium is not equipped to put

on an nfl game and who pays for that and who wants to pay for that when you're prioritizing relief efforts and you even use the stadium when you could be using it for first responders? so, there were so many emotional things involved. of was really what could we do and what physically could we do. but no matter the team we were playing, we were 100% committed to the recovery, the rebuilding and being a part of new orleans, because that's who we are committed to our players and people are. stomach and then the saints became more than a football team. and they became something so large to the city of new orleans recently when we got to the fifth anniversary and you win the super bowl. [applause] >> it looks easy from the al-sayyid -- [applause] it is a great hollywood story but it was hard and particularly the first season after we were really tough. there were games half of our team played well and the ever have couldn't and they had a lot of down time and they participated. they did they could from san

antonio. there was a lot of relief over there in san antonio and they would go to houston. but a lot of down time watching the footage and the was devastating. i was very lucky that i have more work to do than i could possibly. i just worked and fell asleep and got back up again. for the players they had so much, you can't practice much more. it was hard, hard to talk about. but that next year to look for a new head coach, to find somebody who could respond to the call that you just couldn't come to new orleans unless you were committed, and you couldn't be our head coach unless you are integrally involved and then to have drew brees come to us. you have to have faith in new orleans and the past whether your washing through the football team in the metaphor of the journey or seeing what was happening with education or the politics, as even as some things were floundering, people were unified. the neighborhood associations

and volunteer groups that came from all over the world are would rebuild our city. our city is the greatest example for humanity can do for itself whether it is the american dream or a global frame or just giving to others as you want to do. people stop looking at the media and said i'm going to go do something. i am going to make a difference. and the joy that i have as because we are so high profile, i am able to use of that -- platform to show what could it is doing. so i must sound like mary sunshine compared to everybody else but i just see amazing things every single day and the fans come up to me and talk about these things every day. but if you start at the beginning you wouldn't see that we could go straight to the super bowl because we have a quarterback couldn't lift his arm above his shoulder and his throwing arm. but we had faith and when we first -- his first press conference he said that. i felt that the saints organization had as much faith in me as i had myself but we have faith in new orleans, people didn't necessarily be the

fuss and they would doubtless and was hopeful for the ratings to slam us up there and ask things, and a lot of the team was invented not only through our people but if you are part of the power company and there was just a lot of frustration and we understood we had to work through that. and we knew what our goal was. but as simple but as in a tactful as our marketing program, we had people, we had reggie bush a good price we're going to win and everything is great to be hunky dory, but our philosophy, our message was winning as an attitude. earn it, smell of preakness greatness, and the was the building blocks because if you say everything is great and we will overcome and win the super bowl this year, it's just you didn't see how to get there in the process. but we worked very hard, and

before the storm we had players that were really committed and involved in the community, and so there were other guys, it wasn't just something that happened after katrina. but because everything was important to you was pulled away, everyone became so tenacious about what was important to them, and particularly saints football. so when i am having a positive conversation with members of the media or saying there's the population, nobody is there a -- what is the population of new orleans is one of my favorite questions to >> before we have that season we sold out on a season ticket basis. for the first time in our history 70,000 people said they were coming to the games for eight games. >> which is almost a political -- >> that was a political statement because there's no nielsen, there's no population reliable. well, my fans are going to come. you can come. you can showcase and you can cover it or whatever but we're here. and so every example of the home opener game, espn, monday night football.

>> you know, the mayor just said that the storm reminded us that we were in the same boat and the saints reminded us we are in this together. he was talking about race in some race. what do you think happened to the racial situation in new orleans by having to rebuild from the storm, by having the saints win, by having the comeback of the city? >> i think we have to be realistic about it. we have a lot to celebrate when it comes to the human spirit and the display of how resilient we've been. but we can't look at our recovery through rose colored glasses. great time, effort and energy has gone into displacing and keeping the poor out of new orleans. >> here, here. >> great time, energy and effort has been put in place in keeping the poor out of new orleans

because they're associated with the misnomer or the misguided public policy that poor people are the reason there's crime. the fact is poor people are affected by the crime. the criminals have got the money to come back and they brought their crime with them. so i think it is great that we have those common shared goals and beliefs. the love of the saints is one of them. the great thing about the sports team having the success like the saints -- when i was crying in the miami stadium after the super bowl i could only think of one person and that's my father who took me as a little boy on those cold sundays to tulane stadium and it's a shared family moment and that's the thing i told rita. i said thank you for winning but thank you for giving a memory to my father. forget the red sox and the cubs. i don't care about them. it's the saints long-suffering

fans who really understood the pain of going from nothing to champions. [applause] >> and that is a really wonderful thing. and when you recognize it and steal it, you want to transfer that to everything. and if we're real about it, we have to understand our greatest strength is in its people, our people. and if we don't give everyone the opportunity to come home, we are only doing a disservice to ourselves. that is the duality, the tale of two cities of new orleans. we shoot ourselves in the foot sometimes when it comes to that. while some may think, oh, great there have been those who publicly and openly said katrina is the best thing that happened to new orleans. we can get rid of a whole group of people we don't want here. i'll never forget reading that on the front of the "wall street journal," you know? and that's a cultural thing. that's a cultural statement but we can't look through -- we

can't look through rose colored glasses. if you really want to involve and become the city we want to be we have to be real and say we cannot -- we cannot keep a whole section of people out of that joy of coming home that we all know. >> clarice, what is the role of culture of getting people home that haven't come home yet? [inaudible] >> i think it's very important -- i mean, the way we celebrate life, rituals i can actually tell you there are mardi gras indians who came back home to die because you get a certain type of funeral if you're part of a cultural tradition. and it's very, very important to get that proper sendoff. if i were in houston, texas, and you saw me walking down the street at 9:00 in the morning in full mardi gras indian regalia, you thought something would be wrong with me but if you saw me in new orleans, you would probably ask who died 'cause you know i'm going to a funeral saturday morning.

if i'm going to pay honor and homage to someone, i'm sorry i have to ask you what the question again. this is katrina in me. >> i was just -- we want to get everybody home. there are people who haven't been able to come home yet. culture could help bring it home. >> one of the programs they had in the immediate aftermath of the federal levee breaks was by the louisiana cultural economy foundation. but there were several programs. and many of them gave aid to audits. and the way you had to apply for the aid was online. so their process -- it's not for mardi indians i'm not saying we don't use the internet but it's an inherent bias that they are not part of the cultural and artistic fabric of the city but i'm happy to say that through the mardi gras indian hall of fame we were able to write 73

grants and there was -- the louisiana conference economy funded every one of those grants. they were funded -- you know, what that says is that there are institutions that believe that this is an art form, a culture tradition that's very important. and that supported it but there are other barriers. i can tell you firsthand that i lived in 18 hotels until i was evicted from a fema hotel on veterans in march. and i didn't have anywhere to go and any money. and my mother and i actually went to an apartment complexes in the city and we wanted to pay the rent -- get a six-month lease and pay the rent for six months but i was a public school teacher and i was fired, i wasn't even allowed to rent an apartment. so what -- when you can't rent an apartment because you don't have a job and you don't have a job because the levees broke and the school system fired you,

what about people who have even less than i had at the time? children were not allowed to go to schools. schools that were dry. they had dry schools that didn't have any water in them and those were not the schools that they tended to first. so if you have a young child and there's nowhere to put them in school, well, then what does that say? that you're not welcome here. a lot of the programs even in the aftermath is to keep the same status quo. so i think culture -- to go back to your question culture plays an important part. we have the a chance to raise those questions through social commentary and start some dialog about those things and also to say how important it is. as i said people came back for sunday social and pleasure clubs that came back for the indian practices. not only people who participate but others because they needed to take a bath in that. to get their souls in that. and because you can be poor anywhere in america but if

you're poor in new orleans you can still be king on sunday. you can be a chief on mardi gras day. you can be a queen and you can be me and weigh 220 pounds and have people tell you all day long, you are pretty. [laughter] >> you are pretty, pretty. [applause] >> david, what shocked you most about the culture of the city? >> can i answer your previous question? culture is not the optimum way to get things done and to build a proper society. what i was trying to say and i think sort of got transmuted -- people relied on culture because they didn't have anything else in the bag. culture was the default because it's all that people had. and so when you would come to a second line three months after the storm, and people had driven 12 hours in their car to get here from atlanta or houston or memphis or god knows where because they were asserting for

their right to be new orleansians, and it's all they had and it's all they had because the same -- because the government locally was not opening up the housing projects that were completely dry because there were some people who decided it would be a better new orleans without the poor. and because haliburton needed to take 25 or 30 -- or 35 cents from the dollar before any of that emergency money ever got down to the contractors that were actually do the the work and because later with the road home money isf, a virginia corporation, empowered by the democratic party -- again, you know, trying to be equal opportunity here, they needed to take a dime out of every dollar that was supposed to go to people rebuilding their houses. people were betrayed all along the line. the only thing they had left was culture. it was a default. that it was used as wonderfully and as epically as it was by these people.

to assert for their right to be new orleansians and for the right of the city to go on and to remain basically a part of the soul of america. that's -- that to me was fairly epic. but do not think for a minute that culture is the go-to place. good government might be the good-go place. a representative government that isn't purchased by people who then can profit from it. that might be actually a functional improvement on our state. culture was the default. it was the only thing that worked in new orleans for the five years afterwards. it's still one of the only things that works. thank god we have that because without that, it would be empty. >> thank you all very much and let me welcome back rita brown to say goodnight to us. that was a good ending. [applause] >> thank you so much.

david, wendell, rita, thank you very much indeed. that was really great. it's time to go out there and party. tomorrow morning we're going to meet and hear the discussions about how we're going to reboot america and we talked about some great stuff tonight. be back here tomorrow at 8:00. thank you very much for joining us let's go out and have dessert and a drink outside. thank you. [applause] ♪ >> modern 18 million americans cast their ballots early this year. those votes will start being counted as soon as the polls close at 7:00 eastern in many east coast states. by 10:00 pm eastern polls will have closed in 39 states and washington, d.c.

you can watch election coverage on c-span where we'll show election results as they come in along with victory and concession speeches in key races. also, your reaction to tonight's events through your phone calls, emails, and tweets. and today on c-span3 you'll have a chance to give us your views at noon and 2:00 eastern.

>> c-span2, one of c-span's public affairs offerings weekdays live coverage of the u.s. senate and weekends, booktv, 48 hours of the latest nonfiction authors and books. connect with us on twitter, facebook, and youtube and sign up for schedule alert emails at c-span.org. >> and now secretary of the army general george casey on the future of the u.s. army. this is about 35 minutes. >> today we're honored to have with us 36 chief of staff. it gives me great pride and an enormous sense of pleasure to present to you general george w. casey, jr., chief of staff, united states army. [applause]

>> thank you. thank you, sully. thank you everybody. and sully, thanks for all you and ausa have done for this great army here over the last 60 years. how about a big hand for ausa for their 60th anniversary. [applause] >> the head table has already been introduced and so i'm not going to recognize them again individually but this is the leadership of your army. that has led us and carried us through a very difficult time. and they are not much to look at but they're very, very capable and competent. how about a big hand to them? [applause] >> a couple of former chiefs here. in addition to sully, carl and denny, great to see you here. and a couple of former sergeants major of the army. sergeant majors connelly, mckin

i didn't, hall, and jack tilly. great to have you here with us. [applause] >> in addition to this being the 60th anniversary of ausa and it's also the 60th anniversary of the korean war and i would ask all of our korean veterans led by medal of honor recipient ron rossiter to please stand and recognize your service. [applause]

[applause] >> in this great 235-year-old institution, we all stand on the shoulders of those who have gone before us. so thank you and you won't be forgotten. okay. so it's that time of year. i get to take a few minutes here and tell you how i see the state of our army and to talk a little bit about how we see the future. and no surprise i'm going to stick with what i've done for the last three years and i think it's important because we are just coming out of a fairly significant and stressful period and we're beginning to move in a much, much better direction for this army. if you think about it, it's been over nine years since we've been attacked. and even now we still remain a nation at war. because we're engaged in a

long-term ideological network that attacked us on our soil and your army has been a leader in this war. and we share in its challenges and its successes. think about what we've done. we've liberated more than 50 million people from tyranny. we've helped establish representative governments in iraq and afghanistan. and governments that are actually based on constitutions, based on free and fair elections, and based on the respects for the rights and the dignities of their populations. we built two armies. we've built two police forces. we've built the infrastructure of two internal security ministries. it's an amazing accomplishment. and while we've been doing all that, we've been transforming while we've been fighting this war. we've adopted a new doctrine. we built modular organizations across the army. we rebalanced skills from cold

war skills to skills more relevant today. and we've put the entire army on an integrated, integrated meaning active guard reserve and integrated rotational model that has fundamentally changed the way that we built readiness across the army. so what you've done over the last nine years has been absolutely phenomenal and nothing short of incredible. so give yourselves a big hand. [applause] >> but as each of us in this room knows, this success and these successes have come at a cost. we've been stretched and stressed as we've led the nation in what's been the longest war we've ever fought with an all-volunteer force. over a million soldiers have deployed to iraq and afghanistan. more than 4,000 of them have given their lives leaving over 20,000 surviving family members.

another 28,000 soldiers have been wounded. 7500 of them seriously enough to require long-term care. almost 100,000 soldiers have been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury. and another 50,000 diagnosed post-traumatic stress. we cannot and will not forget any of these fallen comrades. they and their families must know that their sacrifices are both recognized and appreciated and will not ever be forgotten. [applause] >> yet as resilient as we have been meeting the challenges of this war, we must also begin to prepare for the challenges of the second decade of this century and of this war. because this war is a long-term

ideological struggle against violent extremism and our job is not done yet. this war is a long way from over. now, most of you will recall that in 2007 i told congress, i told this forum and i told the american people that our army was out of balance. that we were so weighed down by the current demands that we couldn't do the things that we knew we needed to do to sustain this volunteer force and prepare ourselves to do other things. over the last several years we've made great progress toward restoring balance and i can tell you that after a few tough years, i'm actually beginning to feel like we can start to breathe again. in fact, by the end of next year, i anticipate that we will be able to put the army on a sustainable deployment tempo. where we will have about as many units trained and ready to deploy as we will have going to iraq and afghanistan.

and that's great progress and it's going to make a big difference for our force. [applause] >> three years ago the plan we instituted to put ourselves back in balance was and remains based on foreign parities, sustain our soldiers and families, continue to prepare our soldiers for success in the current conflict, reset them effectively when they return and then continue to transform for an uncertain future. we're in the final year of the plan and with the '11 budget that is on the hill we have the resources to largely accomplish the objectives we set out for ourselves in 2007 and let me just cover a few of those for you. first of all, growth. to date we've increased the army by almost 95,000 soldiers since 2007 when president bush instructed us to increase the size of the army. some of that is temporary growth

and we will continue to grow till we hit a total of 22,000 soldiers. it's been hugely important for us. that growth plus the drawdown in iraq is what's allowing us to continuously improve the time our soldiers spend at home to improve our dwell. and as i've been here, it's become clearer and clearer to me that the most important thing we can do to restore balance to the army is to increase our dwell, to increase the time that our soldiers spend at home. it's not just so they could spend more time with their families that's important. but it's so they can recover themselves and so they could begin to prepare to do other things. for about five years there, we were deploying at about one year out, one year back. it was absolutely unsustainable. last year we completed a study that told us what we intuitively knew. that it takes 24 to 30 months to recover from a one-year combat

deployment and it just does and when you turn faster than that the cumulative effects build up faster. in addition to improving the dwell and the growth, we're also completing the largest restationing of the army probably since world war ii. you know about the base realignment and closure act some of you on your installations see cranes every place you go. you know how it goes. they pass a law, they give you the money you do the design and you build the building and everybody moves in on the last 18 months. guess what? we're in the last 18 months. we have the whole army on cell phones here and we'll publish the wiring diagram when we're done at the end of next september. the upside of this significant a quantum improvement on the installations that benefit us for years to come. the other key elements of getting back in balance, modularity and rebalancing. we have completed the modular conversions of 290 of the

300-plus brigades in the army. a huge accomplishment. we've also finished rebalancing about 124, 125,000 of 160,000 spaces away from cold war skills to skills more relevant and necessary today. taken together this is the largest organizational transformation of the army since world war ii and again, we've done it while we're sending 150,000 soldiers over and back to iraq and afghanistan every day. the last thing that we're working hard on now is building and restoring strategic flexibility. and one of the challenges that we've had, what everybody has either been in iraq or afghanistan or preparing to go, while as we get additional time at home we will be able to train and equip units that will not be in the available pool that would be ready enough to be called forward in an unexpected contingency. and i think it will be probably another two years or so before we're able to give the country that capability that it's needed

so desperately here in the past couple of years. so great progress. a little bit more to do. but as i said, i'm really feeling that we can start to breathe again. and we can also begin to shift our focus now to what i call the second decade, the second decade of the century and the second decade of this war. and i'd like to take a couple minutes here to talk about the future, to talk about how i see that second decade and i do that with great temerity here. you know the old yogi berra adage. predictions are hard especially when you're talking about the future, but that's where i'm headed. and one of the thing we do know about the future is that not how smart you think you are, you never get it quite right. and we spend a lot of time thinking about this and we do it with our eyes wide open. that the best we're going to get is about an 85% solution if we get that close, we're in the ballpark.

but as i think about it, i spent the first 30 years of a 40-year career training to fight a war i never fought and the last 10 learning to fight a new and different kind of war while i was fighting it. and that's been the nature of the beast for soldiers. and after a decade of war, we're still facing a future where the global trends that we see will continue to shape our emerging security environments and exacerbate the ideological struggle that we're engaged in. you've heard me talk about these trends for the last three years or so. globalization, technology, demographic and climate change. and the two that worried me the most, weapons of mass destruction in the hands of terrorist organizations and safe havens, countries or parts of countries where the local governments can't or won't deny their countries to terrorists. it seems to us that all of these are very likely to combine to

make it more rather than less likely that we will be engaged in an era of persistent conflict for some time to come. and what that means is that in that era, we expect that these conflicts will arrive unpredictably. they'll vary in intensity and scope and they'll be less susceptible for traditional means of conflict resolution. and as a result, even with the drawdown in iraq, and eventually in afghanistan, our operating environment in the next decade is going to remain uncertain and complex. and our commitments are likely to be frequent and continuous so that's the environment that we're preparing ourselves for. and as we're entering that future, we're entering with the resilient but tired force that has performed and transformed magnificently at war for almost a decade. and we remain faced with an era

of persistent conflict and persistent and ruthless foe who continues to try to attack us on our soil. as i said, this war is not over. we just won't all be going at the same time. and we'll have more time at home that we'll have to learn to use more jewishly. -- judicially. it strikes me now that the challenge of the second decade of the century that we have to maintain our combat edge while we simultaneously work to reinstitute this force and work to build resilience for the long haul. and let me just talk a few minutes about each of those. ...

>> or supporting other ongoing missions. i can tell you that combatant commanders outside central command have been waiting for you. and you will be received with open arms, and used. the second thing i did tell you is, don't get disappointed if you don't go in 12. because you'll probably go in 13. or you will probably go in 14, but we will be at this for a while. i think it will be imperative then that we remain focused on tough to maintain training at

our home stations and in our combat training centers. and to do this we will need to revitalize our home station training and leader to government programs, because we have to continue to challenge this great generation of young combat seasoned leaders who will lead this army into the second decade. now, we've already begun to adapt our cdcs for operations against hybrid threats. i visited the third brigade, 82nd airborne division in jrtc last weekend. they are conducting the first full spectrum rotation there in quite a while. i had the opportunity sit in the grass and listen to a company and said in a van and listen to a battalion a are. as i did that i was struck by a number of things. first of all, i'm struck by the fact it was clear he a lot of learning going on. we hadn't done this in a while. and it was clear this was a defense. it was clear that we need, need

to rebuild our appreciation for the ground. a lot of good learning going on. the second thing, that struck me as we are very, very lethal at the company and platoon level. when these guys close with the enemy, they were dominant. the third thing that struck me as i sat there listening to these leaders who have been up for 36 hours preparing a defense, some of the legitimate you could tell they dug their own foxhole. as they're sitting there discussing among themselves how they can get better and at doing what they're doing. i said to myself, mike, what a great army. -- my, what a great army we have. [applause] >> i'll tell you one other thing that everybody told me, airborne assault into jrtc, and we got a little spoiled i think by all of

the fiber optic nets at -- networks we have in afghanistan and iran. you don't jump fiber optics. so they run analog for quite a while. it was a real eye-opener. the second thing i want to talk about is reconstituting the force. we have to reconstitute this was not just to back where we were, but we have to reconstitute for the future. and this is going to require continuous reset for the returning units, but it's also going to require continuous adaptation because i believe we are in a very fundamental and continuous change, and that's just the way it is. i mentioned that we are almost cold weather transformation to modular formation and our rebounding, but even as we're complained these actions, we have begun a review to take into account the lessons from the last nine years of war. tradoc has undertaken a tense study of our force mix and are forced to sign. we are looking at every were fighting function.

>> we've got to ensure that where the right capabilities and the right numbers and the right organizations. and our organizational transformation is going to have to be continuous if we are going to retain versatility we need for this uncertain future environment. another area that will require some adaptation in our active component and reserve component mix. i can tell you that we have been relying heavily on our reserve component in the past decade, and they know it far more than i do. do two things i can tell you, one is that our guard and reserve have absolutely performed magnificently. without you, we could not have accomplished what we have accomplished as an army or as a country in the last nine years. [applause] >> the second thing i'll tell you is from my perspective the

relationship between components is better than i've ever seen it. we have thought together, we have bled together, and more than ever, we really are one army. and i really look forward to taking it to another level. as we look to the future, we are actively studying what should the role of our reserve components be in an era of persistent conflict when continued employment is in the north. and one of my predecessors, denny reimer, has led a steady team that has actively looked hard at that and will be briefing the secretary and i next week. it is designed to help us lead this discussion, because our reserve components are so critical to the long-term health of this, we want to lead it and we want to get it right. one thing we know, across every echelon of the army is we do not want to take the guard and reserve back to a strategic reserve. [applause]

>> the other bit of adaptation here is we have to continue to give our soldiers a decisive advantage in every fight. and to do that we need to adapt our modernization strategy. our goal is to develop and feel into personal mix of network organization that operate on a rotational cycle. so we can routinely provide trained and ready forces to our combatant commanders to operate across the spectrum of conflict. this involves developing and fielding new capabilities, modernizing and re- capitalizing, modernizing and re- capitalizing the primary focus of our modernization strategy will be on developing and feels the network -- fielding the network and fielding a the primary focus of our modernization strategy will be on developing and field the network -- fielding the network and fielding a new ground combat vehicle in seven years. institutionally, we also need to refund our doctrine and war fighting concepts. our operational concept is full spectrum operations, and while our understanding of full spectrum operations has matured,

we still need a little better clarity on what we mean and how we conduct full spectrum operations across the spectrum of conflict. navigenics left more time at home, we will train against their broader range of threats, and we will train in a broader range of environments, and we will use these experiences to help us drive the continued adaptation of the army. the third element here is building resilience. i can tell you it's clear that in the last nine years they have taken a physical, mental, and the emotional toll on our force. i spoke about the human cost earlier, and while these chests are broad, there are no ss underneath. there is flesh and blood. and none of us are immune to the impacts of war. combined that with the fact that we're in a protracted struggle, and it becomes imperative that we take advantage of the

expanded time at home to make ourselves stronger for the challenges ahead, even as we continue to deal with the continuing impacts of war. last year we begin to great programs designed to strengthen our soldiers families and civilians for the challenges ahead. comprehensive soldier fitness and the army program for health promotion and risk reduction in suicide prevention. i solicit your strong support in helping us institutionalized both these programs over the next year. finally, i believe it's time to examine the impact of nine years of war on our profession. the profession of arms. the impacts of war have changed us as individuals, as professionals, and as a profession in ways that we don't yet fully appreciate. for us to succeed as an army in the second decade, it is imperative that we gain a better

understanding of how a decade at war has affected us personally and professionally. as a profession, the army is a vocation composed of experts in the ethical application of land combat power, serving under civil authority entrusted to defend the constitution, and the rights and interests of the american people. our country places special trust and confidence in soldiers as individuals and in the army as an institution. and they expect us to perform our duties with character and competence in a complex cauldron of war. no other occupation or profession manifest that level of responsibility to the nation. and we can never afford to let our actions or the perceptions of our actions be the cause of

losing the trust. as such i believe it's time and it is essential to take a hard look at ourselves to examine what we have been through, to examine how we have changed for better or for worse, and how we must adapt ourselves to succeed. to this end, i have asked general marty dempsey and tradoc to conduct a comprehensive review over the next year to examine the state of our profession after a decade of war and to make recommendations to the secretary in me for changes to army policies and programs that will strengthen us as an institution. in closing, i want to thank each of you, our soldiers, our families, and our civilians for your service to this country at a very tough time. it's because of your efforts that we're winning in iraq, that we will prevail in afghanistan, and it is because of your effort this country has not been attacked in nine years.

[applause] >> last year as we celebrate the year of non-commission officer in our great noncommissioned officer corps, we are the first army medal of honor recipient from the war in afghanistan. president obama has just awarded our second, to staff sergeant rod miller, and i would like to close today with a tribute to rob, whose service and sacrifice exemplify the highest ideals of the american soldier, who in the face of overwhelming odds, will stand in and fight for the comrades in arms and for the values and ideals that make this country great. at the medal of honor ceremony here in washington a few weeks ago, the president talked about the bonds between soldiers that has bound us together as an army for generations. it is a bond of trust that is exemplified in our ethos. i will always place the mission

first, i will never accept defeat, i will never quit, and i will never leave a fallen comrade. please watch the video here with me. >> we need air support, over. >> where are you? number two? >> it's something that runs in a family. i think another important factor was robbed sense of appreciation for the opportunity we have in this country. rob is full of injury and enjoys

being very active. he enjoyed challenging people spent always pulling chairs over the chairs and counters. we never knew what to expect when they would have the tuba. the next day we would have a paul mach horse in the garage. always something. >> rob was an amazingly they're probably the best leader i ever had. >> he led by doing, by showing. >> he would focus in, things would happen. i knew i could count on him always. >> he was a go-getter. if he couldn't figure out how to do it, he would. >> i so rob being the seeker. he was really fascinated, the idea of grace under pressure. being the outward leader was something that he really took to heart. >> he took his job very serious

that from what i saw, he loved what he did. >> is the ability for languages, very capable of communicating. they loved him for it. he would always push us to know more, to be the best. >> we ran up to a village way up north. >> he jumped on the horse and played with the afghans. >> he was flying across and he came across a tree and he literally had to throw his hands up in air, and leaned all the way back. it was a pretty awesome moment. >> the penny of being a special forces soldiers, went over the hearts and minds and really to be able to do that, he did it to the fullest extent. >> as we moved up that night, we went into to obstacles before the objective. >> something wasn't right. >> we went into a tactical formation. >> i think the hair on a buddy's neck was standing up. >> it turned out to be like and

coming out of an ant hill. they started coming out all over the place. that's when all hell broke loose. >> i could hear the element in the front, and my element we were split in almost three groups. >> he opened up. immediately, i see them charging, a pkm position. >> we saw guys die. that we are engaged in our left, our front, our right. >> there were 40 of them and basically eight of us spent the next thing i heard, i'm hit, i'm it. just shouting to the top of his lungs. >> rob continued to stay at the front taking the fight to the enemy. >> there were three distinct booms with a grenade and i saw robbie kept engaging engaging engaging. because of the flash in the fire, he do a lot of the fire. >> he basically carried the captain another 10, 15 meters to a better area that we could

regroup and have a better fight position. then when i started problem, bravo do, where are you at? >> that continued all night long. >> rob was laying on his back. i got up, said rob is hit and ran to him. >> staff sergeant miller. >> we try to twice that we we tried dragging them. we tried picking him up. >> staff sergeant robert miller. >> we trained for years for stuff like this. and i gave a buddy up. >> staff sergeant robert j. miller. [taps] [taps] >> i'm very proud. all of us, keep our heads and do

we have to do an extreme situation like that. >> when i heard he sacrificed his life for others, that did help us a lot in dealing with the grief. we knew his death was not in vain. he loved the work he was doing. the way he died was how i know he would have wanted to die. >> he represents the gratitude of the county. the fact our son will be part of the united states is a moment that i'm not sure i appreciate that yet. >> this is a story of what one american soldier did for his team, but is also a story of what they did for him. two of his teammates braved the bullets and rushed to his aid. those final moments, they were there at his side. american soldiers were there for each other.

[applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, can i introduce maureen miller, staff sergeant miller's mom.ller, staf sergeant miller's mom. [applause] [applause] [applause] >> thank you all, god bless you, god bless america. thanks. [applause]

>> that was for you. they are proud of you. we are all proud of you. thanks very much, general casey. we all stand ready to support you in the army. before we conclude, let me encourage all of you to go to the convention center, see the exhibits, stopped by some of the contemporary military forums. and i think you all learn something about our army. this concludes our lunch and. please remain in your citi's and kill the head table has cleared the dais here. thanks a lot, gain. thanks. we will see you.

[applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> republicans need 40 more seats to win control of the u.s. house. and analysts say races for more than 100 of the 435 seats are competitive. republicans need a net gain of 10 to take the senate. c-span coverage begins tonight. will show election results as they come in along with victory and concession speeches in key races.

>> saturday's landmark supreme court cases on c-span radio. >> they call us a voluntary. there's nothing voluntary voluntary about a bible reading. >> this week, prayer in public schools and freedom of religion. student should not be required to read from the bible before class. saturday at 6 p.m. eastern on c-span later.

>> georgetown business school held a conference recently on the application of the new financial regulation law. scholars, analyst and regulars all discussed different elements of the new law, including how to readily companies that may pose risks to the entire financial system and how to effectively enforce the new regulations. this portion is about 35 minutes. >> my name is a george daley and i am been at georgetown university mcdonough school of business, and we are of course in the hall, our new home. i'm pleased to welcome you to our special conference on financial reform. and we're delighted to be cosponsoring this event with an organization that is closely involved with our activities, pricewaterhousecoopers. and we are grateful for our terrific speakers who have, and

panelists, who have joined as. thank them all for being here. we look forward to an in depth discussion that will be generated both by their dialogue and by interaction between them and the audience. as you may know we moved into this beautiful new building just a year ago and we've been fortunate to host a number of distinguished leaders such as yourselves. we would like to continue to play a role of indian or honest broker of ideas and insights related to the world of business. at the conclusion of today's program, we will a churn to the fourth floor of this building to the fisher colloquial for cocktails. and then for those who have so registered, there will be a dinner afterwards on the first floor which is on top of the patio out there. it is now my pleasure to introduce my cohost, mark acela.

mark is the managing partner of pwc's financial services practice. he also leads the firm's alternative investments practice. with more than 30 years of experience, marks us as engagement partner and business advisor to alternative investment fund klesko including investment partnerships, hedge and offshore funds, private equity funds, real estate funds, and their related investment advisors. he has extensive experience with a multitude of financial services, organizations, and in recent years has focused has been again with banking, capital markets and alternative investment clients. morris also has extensive experience serving brokerage firms, college and university endowments, which especially interests us. investment banks, and commercial bank. he has led numerous advisors engagement on the bow on the violation and operational issues

associated with the complex financial instruments and the review of internal control. we are particularly proud that mark received his bachelor of science degree from georgetown, and as a member of our school's board of advisors. he also serves as chair of the accounting advisory committee of the managed funds association. please join me in welcoming mark casella. [applause] >> thanks a lot, and dean daly. and good afternoon to everybody. as a proud alum of georgetown i can tell you that this is a moment that we have long waited to be able to do for pwc to be able to welcome a group like this and to come into this building. we think the opportunity be in this in the citi at this moment provides the appropriate backdrop for the conversation that will have for the next day and a half. not since the 1930s has the

been so regulatory change in the u.s., or propose regular tour change. to help sort all this that we organize a group of speakers and panelists to answer the question that we pose in the conference materials. our first panel, a new system at risk regulatory regime, will be moderated by train to, or fester of business administration at georgetown's mcdonough school of business. and joining reena will be stephen albrecht who is an indie responsible for predatory affairs at ge capital. timothy bitsberger, a principal at the through the hamilton. phil slagle, who is a visiting professor at the mcdonough school, and christopher towe, deputy director of monitor and capital markets and a team leader in the financial sector assessment program of the imf. after a short break will come back for our second panel, punishment and deterrence, the role of enforcement in our

financial markets. it obviously sounds like a real winner. this panel will be moderated by tom biolsi, who is paid abc financial services raise with practice and leaves that practice. and tom's panel is will the bonnie jones, assistant united states attorney in the southern district of new york, rob khuzami, director of enforcement of the sec, dave marquis, special deputy attorney general for the investor protection office of the new state attorney general, andrew cuomo, denis mcinerney, chief of the front section of the criminal division of the united states department of justice. and james shares, executive vice president of enforcement division of fira. finally, our clothing -- closing keynote will be donald kohn, the former vice chairman of the federal reserve. after he concluded his remarks we lighten things up with a cocktail reception that george described and then dinner, and artistic this evening will be north of donald, another alum

who's the chief washington correspondent for nbc today show and msnbc. so let's get started. i first honored to welcome our first keynote speaker, neal wolin, deputy secretary of the u.s. treasury department. after graduate from yale university, mr. will earn a master of science and government economics from oxford university and a return to yale where he earned his law degree. is will do one of the nation's leading law firms, served as special assistant to the director of the cia, and was deputy general counsel at the treasury department under secretary rubin. he then spent nearly eight years in the private sector as executive vice president and general counsel of the hartford, and later as president and chief operating officer for the property and casualty operations of hartford financial services group. in march 2009 he was selected to be deputy treasury secretary.

testifying before the senate banking committee earlier this year, he said that the ingredients for a successful financial regulatory overhaul should include strong consolidated supervision at the federal level for all large and interconnected banks, increased capital and liquidity requirements for the largest, most interconnected firms, a strength and core of financial markets, robust authority to unwind a financial firm in an orderly manner. and a strong accountable consumer protection agency. so without further ado let's see what he has to say today. let me welcome deputy treasury secretary neal wolin to the stage. after his comments, and after each of the panels, we will hopefully have time for a couple of questions, and we would like clients and students to please feel free to ask those questions as the microphone is provided. secretary wolin. [applause]

>> good afternoon, everybody. thank you, mark, for that in production. i'm delighted to be the second at this conference that i would like to thank dean daily for organizing the conference, and for giving me the opportunity. benny: you today you today about financial reform implementation. the financial crisis was caused not by one gap or the breakdown in a system, but by many. firms took on risks they did not fully understand. regulars did not make full use of the authority they had to protect consumers and limit excessive risk. loopholes allowed large part of the financial industry to operate without oversight, transparency or and restraints. policymakers were too slow to fix a broken system. these failures brought our economy to the brink of collapse. president obama came into office determined not just to repair the damage but to fix a system that allowed at these failures to have such devastating consequences.

earlier this year the president signed into law the most sweeping financial reform since the great depression. the dodd-frank act addresses the core problems that led to this crisis. the act builds a stronger financial system by addressing major gaps and weaknesses in regulation. it puts in place boppers and safeguards to reduce the chance that another generation will have to go through a crisis of similar magnitude. it protects taxpayers from bailouts. it brings fairness and transparency to consumers of financial services. and it lays a foundation for a financial system that is pro-investment and program. but the work is far from done. enacting this law was just the beginning. we have now begun the difficult and complex process of implementation. and today i would like to does this passionate discuss some of our a college was that before i describe how we are in limiting the act, i wanted to tell the

broad principles that are guiding our efforts. verse, we're moving as quickly and as carefully as we can. wherever possible we are quickly provided clarity to the public and the markets. but the task we face cannot be achieved overnight. we have to write new rules and some of the most complex areas of finance. consolidate authorities spread across multiple agencies, set up institutions for consumer protection and for addressing systemic risks. and negotiate with countries around the world. in getting this done we are making sure to get right. second, we are conducting this process out in the open, bringing full transparency to implementation activities. as we write new rules we will consult with a broad range of groups and individuals, and as we seek their input, the american people will be able to see who is at the table. draft rules will be published. everyone will be able to comment. and his comments will be

publicly available. treasury will disclose the topics of meetings on dodd-frank invitation, and the names of the attendees. third, wherever possible we will streamline and simplify government regulation. over the years our financial system has accumulated layers upon layers of rules which can be overwhelming. that is why a longside our efforts to strengthen and improve protections through the system, we will avoid duplication and seek to eliminate rows that do not work. fourth, we will create a more coordinated regular process. ahead of this crisis, gaps and inconsistencies between regulators proved to be a major failure. gaps allowed risks to grow unattended, and inconsistency a loud and overall race to the bottom. better coordination will help prevent a recurrence. fifth, we'll create a level playing field. a level playing field must exist not just between banks and

non-being here in the united states, but also between major financial institutions globally. we are setting high standards at home while working tirelessly to persuade the international community to follow our lead. six, we will protect the freedom for innovation that is absolutely necessary for growth. our system allow too much room for abuse and excessive risk. but as we put in place rules to correct for those mistakes, we have to achieve a careful balance and safeguard the freedom for competition and innovation that are central for growth. seventh, we are keeping congress fully informed of our progress on a regular basis. guided by these principles, we have made significant progress in the months since enactment account like to update you on a few of the institutions at the heart of this legislation. financial stability oversight council. the office of financial research, and the consumer financial protection bureau.

before the dodd-frank act there was no sooner government entity charged with monitoring and responding to risk across the financial system. gaps and inconsistencies led to regular arbitrage, and some of the largest most interconnected firms were able to escape meaningful supervision. the act provides accounts are quite identified risks to financial stability, respond to any emerging threats in the system, and promote market discipline. the act provides accounts with a leading role in several important regulatory decisions. including which non-bank financial institutions and financial market utilities will be designated as systemically important, and what heightened potential standard should be applied to those firms. the council's success in carrying out these critical functions will depend on its ability to act in a collaborative manner. what each member agencies responsible for a specific part of the financial sector, or for some aspects of its functioning,

the act holds the council and its members collectively accountable for maintaining stability across the financial system. accordingly, the council must of thought and approach that preserves the independence of regulators to fulfill their individual responsibilities while maximizing the coordination required for the council to achieve its broader mission of the financial stability. as chair of the council, treasure moved quickly to convene a council earlier this month ahead of the date required by the act. at its first meeting, council members engaged in important substantive issues. they requested public input on the criteria that council should use to designate the systemically important non-bank financial companies were federal preserves the provision. they requested public comment on the council study on the poker rules limitations on proprietary trading at certain financial institutions. members also released an integrated roadmap for implement

the dodd-frank act the reflexive priorities of various regular agencies, and they adopted bylaws in the transparency policy. on november 23, the council is scheduled to have its second meeting. i suspect the council will continue its work on systemic risk, and discuss the criteria for designating systemic non-bank financial institutions and financial market utilities. i also expect the council will make for the process on decisions about its operations including budget, staffing, and organizational structure. now, to constrain systemic risk effectively the council and its members must be able to monitor systemic risk effectively. doing that requires improvements in financial reporting and analytical capacity in the regulatory community. that is why a longside deception the council, the dodd-frank act also established the office of financial research. in the decades leading up to the crisis, financial reporting failed to adapt.

while supervisors and market participants lacked data on the buildup of risk, particularly in rapidly growing areas such as the so-called shadow banking system, and when the crisis hit, policymakers and investors had inadequate information about the interconnectedness of firms and associated risks. the ofr was created to address critical need of regulators, policymakers, and industry for data that are better, more useful, and more reliable. the ofr's capacity to organize and analyze data will also help the council make more informed decisions about potential threats for the financial system. in order to push this goal, the ofr is working with regulators and industry laying the groundwork to standardize financial reporting and develop reference data that will identify and describe financial contracts and institutions. data will provide for more

consistent and complete reporting, making the data of able to decision makers easier to obtain, digest and utilize. over the coming weeks and months the oath i will begin to define a set of standards for reporting a financial transaction and position data. the ofr will collaborate with the financial industry, data experts, and regulators to develop an approach to standardization that works for everyone. the ofr must not duplicate existing government data collection efforts or impose unnecessary burdens. that is why we are working with the regulators to catalog carefully the data they already collect to ensure the ofr relies on their data whenever possible. the ofr is also exploring ways that could act as a central warehouse and data for the regular toward community which could generate efficiencies and interagency cooperation. we have already seen how standardization can help markets run more efficiently. choose to the code for security

and swiss bank identification codes are good examples of the benefits of standardization. introduced in the 1960s, to zip codes reduce paper, processing times and human errors associate with stock market trade. they also help facilitate automated trade execution, reduction in paperwork backlogs and increase efficiency and precision of settlement. similarly, swiss bank identification codes facilitate efficient transmission of funds across the globe. standardizing the way that entities instruments and transactions are identified not only reduces the costs, it also allows for more meaningful identification of risks, both at the firm level and systemwide. the data is only a foundational standard of the ofr goldberg a true measure of standardization success will be and how it facilitates more robust and sophisticated analysis of the financial system, both for the government and the private

sector. for example, more consistent and complete reporting of derivatives will make it easier to track how they redistribute risk through the system. data schedule make it easier for individual firms to assess their own risks, and will improve discipline by giving market participants better information on what individual firms are doing. beyond establishing standards, the ofr is also required to reference data that will describe financial institutions and contracts. regulators and supervisors as well as private firms and investors rely on such reference data to analyze risk. the ofr it is beginning to effort to put all of this in place. to help the council fulfilled his potential, the dodd-frank act mandated the ofr established a research and that houses senator. although no analytic effort, no matter how thoughtful, anticipate all risks, the ofr can help identify undo

concentrations of risk and ensure that when the next crisis begins to emerge, the government will have better information and analytical tools to respond appropriately. as we work to establish the ofr, we are committed to protecting private information and trade secrets. the act provides strict protections for data security and confidentiality, and we take seriously our obligation to implement the safeguards fully. in the coming months our ofr team will be devoting confidentiality policies and procedures for the ofr and its data centers that meet the highest data security standards. while the council and the office and the office of financial research are designed to help us monitor and address risk in the broader financial system, the consumer financial protection bureau was created to address a specific app in our regulatory structure. the need for a single entity dedicated to consumer protecti protection. the cfpb, an independent agency

within the federal reserve system, will have the sole mission to ensure transparency and consumer financial products and services and protect consumers from a abuse and deception. the cfpb will consolidate existing rulemaking authority is for consumer financial products and services. it will consolidate agencies existing functions for supervising the largest banking institutions for compliance with consumer financial protection laws. and it will supervise the consumer financial services activities of many non-bank financial firms that sell consumer financial services. an entirely new federal function. the acts charged the secretary-treasurer standing up to cfpb. under his leadership, we setup asap implementation team with a clear division of responsibilities right after enactment. it is the warren, special adviser to the secretary, is leading treasuries efforts to build the cfpb.

the cfpb implementation team has working groups focused on setting up key function of the bureau such as research and supervision of financial institutions. other working groups are focused on building the cfpb supporting infrastructure, procurement and budgeting, to human resources and legal services. the secretary has designated in july 21, 2011, the one year anniversary of the statutes enacted as the date on which the cfpb will assume existing authorities of seven federal agencies. >> we've made substantial progress preparing the cfpb to incorporate staff and assume authorities from those agencies. we have begun planning and preparation for certain rules mandated by the dodd-frank act so that the cfpb can meet statutory deadlines. we are working with the agencies that will transfer rulemaking authority to coordinate and assure a smooth trance or. we are coordinating fulfillment of certain rulemaking as a rule

writing mandates under the dodd-frank act with the federal reserve board tuesday declared for the market and make sure statutory deadlines are met. we're also hard at work to ensure a swift transfer of consumer compliance supervision for banks, thrift and credit unions with assets exceeding $10 billion of senior experts in consumer compliance supervision of large banks detailed to treasure from the banking agencies are laying plans for staffing, training and information systems. we will make sure to coordinate examinations guess what potential regulators to avoid unnecessary burden. finally, let me say a few words about global coordination with respect to financial reform. for reform to work we need to establish a level playing field. as i said before not just between banks and non-banks here in the states, but also among financial, our financial institutions and those in europe, japan, china, and the emerging markets who are all competing to finance global

growth. during the response to financial crisis, the g20 emerge as the premier forum of international economic cooperation. and it has remained critically important as countries across the globe have begun to design and implement their reforms. since the first leader summit held in washington in november 2008, g20 members working in conjunction with the financial stability board and a bottle committee on banking supervision, and other standard setting bodies, have a catalyzed wide-ranging reforms. these reforms are strengthestrengthening regulation improving transparency, and accountability and reinforcing international cooperation. just this past weekend, g20 finance ministers meeting in korea reaffirmed their commitment to the international financial reform agenda. the g20 agenda has focus on a strong agreement on bank capital when resolution frameworks of the g20 nations, on a promise to

the detail and uncritically instead seek in the over-the-counter derivatives markets. leaders have committed to bringing standardized otc derivatives trades on to organize trading platforms where appropriate. i do it assure that all standardized contracts are cleared its essential counterparties. leaders have also called for all otc contracts to be reported to trade repositories so that supervisors can better monitor systemic risks. and for the work continue to ensure that center counterparties and trade repositories are well regulated and supervised globally. additionally g20 leaders have committed to strengthen the transparency regulation and oversight of hedge funds in an internationally consistent and nondiscriminatory fashion. the dodd-frank act fulfills our g20 commitments in this area in several ways. the act imposes reporting requirements on funds and potential standards on those funds that are deemed systemically significant. it extends u.s. investment

adviser registration to advisors of hedge funds and other private pools of capital from including private equity funds. and it imposes the same rules for u.s. investment advisors as foreign fund managers. in europe, member states are close to reaching agreement on legislation that strengthens and standardizes regulation of hedge funds across the e.u. although significant uncertainty still surrounds the treatment of non-e.u. managers and fund. we believe that it is critical that any agreement be nondiscriminatory as agreed by the g20. and maintain a level playing field for both third country funds and fund managers. beyond the g20, we are working through for them such as the financial stability board and the basel committee. in september international regulators released a new agreement on minimum capital standards. the basel three-acre were required any bank, whether based in london, new york or tokyo to hold more and higher quality

capital against the kinds of risky products and connectivity is that causes such damage two years ago. it will require banks to meet new international requirements on maximum leverage and minimum liquidity. secretary geithner and many others in u.s. government have been working hard with our international partners to coordinate the global reforms. i look forward to continuing this effort next month when i traveled to europe to explain how dodd-frank fulfills our commitment to the g20 agenda, and to continue our work towards strong international standards. this economic crisis was caused by fundamental failures in our financial system. and over the past few years, those failures have caused us do. millions as lost jobs, trillions in lost savings, thousands of failed businesses, homes foreclosed, retirements delayed, education's deferred. financial reform addresses those failures and no future generation have to pay such a

price. like it also reveals our financial system so that it can once again be an engine for economic growth. for much of the last century our financial system was the indy of the world. from london to shanghai, it was analyzed and even in related for its creativity and efficiency in finding innovative ways to channel savings towards credit and capital, not just for the biggest companies, but also for individual entrepreneurs, those who had a good idea and a solid plan. the dodd-frank act and it's a successful and the mentation will help ensure that our financial system becomes safer, stronger, and just as in the past century, the world leader. thank you very much. [applause] >> so happy to take some questions.$&&&&&

or not.& [laughter] >> hello. i have a question. we know that all the bank crisis, financial crisis in history has always occurred from excessive financing and lendingu to one, that is perceived as not risky. so in that sense, the current capital requirements that put higher capital requirements on bodies perceived as risky and lower, much lower to what is perceived as not risky, are actually counterfactual. my question is, in what way will the commission be able to keepzb

arms length distance with the other regulatory authorities? because many of us consider that some of the bank regulators have, in fact, itself been the biggest contribute to systemic risk with their regulations. thank you. >> thank you for the question. well, the dodd-frank act puts forth a framework that we believe does tamp down what we think of today as risky or sense of activities. that is of course true that our knowledge of risk at any moment in time is imperfect and that in any event our understanding of risk and are thinking about risk will involve as markets evolve. and so for. and that is a very organic constantly moving process. i think the key here is to put in place and institutions and i identify two of them that i think are really at the core of the answer to your question, the stability oversight council on one hand and the office of financial research on the other. that will give the government a better set of tools, greater capacity to both understand risks at a certain moment in

time to make sure that there are, that whatever gaps or holes in the regulatory framework that are perceived are addressed, and to default examine and understand risk as they involve. so becomes less important mandate of the effectively looking over the entire system, including over the shoulder of its various members to make sure that it is examining the financial system as they exist today and continues to move forward, for exactly the kind of inside with respect to risk and the future of risk that it can glean. it's obviously and in perfect science. no set of human beings have a perfectly clear crystal ball, but there is now a structure for the first time ever that has been given the explicit mandate to look at risks across the system with the input and the expertise of the various regulators that comprise the council membership, but also to

provide an effective second view, a check basically, on the regulators in their own respect is steers. and to aid the council in that were, the office of financial research i think again for the first time ever provides the government with a set of capacities with respect to data and data collection and data analytics, which we believe will be in a noah's important set tools enabling the council, and for that matter its respective members to get a better handle on what's going on in the system to understand it through a range of lenses. as i noted in my remarks, sort of a building block, and that is to have data standardized so that it can be used in its most useful sort of way. so i think those two elements are critically important to obviously we will continue to work cross-border, the ability oversight council and all of its members, with colleagues overseas and with the imf.

with its important role to make sure that all of those institutions are looking at what is going on, to do so obviously, within experience and consciousness, but as i mentioned critically important i think with new tools and new capabilities at their site. >> i have a question about the financial stability oversight council. and, of course, they just put up for public comment the questions to inform the criteria that they will use to decide whether a non-bank financial company is systemically important pick and beyond reading the statute itself, i'm interested in especially for, i'm with a pnc company, so for pnc companies your own view as we look at leverage and size and some of what's in the statute, what's

your own view for pnc companies about how without an ounce is really work in practice? and i guess associated with that, do you foresee the council sending of large companies, you know, questionnaires, data calls, sitting down with our management team? because some of the issues i think it beyond just sort of:hzr metrics and more understanding of the company's risk management. thank you. >> thank you. the statute lays out some general criteria for what would constitute a systemically significant non-bank financial institution, size, leverage, interconnectedness and so forth. the fsoc as i mentioned as a question those, just in the last three weeks or so, as for public comments on how people should come how people think that fsoc should lay out these criteria can what country are to be applied and what sorts of ways. and i think it's premature for me to give you about what the

fsoc will come out on this question of what criteria will be important and in what ways respected the designation process, either for non-bank financial institutions or for financial market utilities. or the process by which precisely they will go about doing designations or considering designations. that is work for the council to do, and for the council to make judgments. as i say, the council will have its next meeting in november. there is quite an active, vigorous process of staff members of the various council entities working in the meantime. and i think when the council has received public comments, in response to the notice that put in the federal register, and has a greater opportunity to gather how they want to organize those tai chi, a process by which they want to apply them, they will i think say so out loud. but i think for me to take a guess at that now would not be

appropriate. >> mr. secretary, sean cota with divine. one of the points you made was on innovative technology. and rapid deployment of regulations for standardization. one of the elements in the dodd-frank bill is oversight of derivatives, obviously. of the world $625 trillion of nominal value, approximate, 300 of which is u.s. and the vast number of trades in reporting in order have transparency we didn't include any financing for the cftc in regard to its budget in order to do that. what is the strategy from the administration to finance this so the transactions can functionally get done? >> excellent question. and one that we are very much focused on. the administration has sought

additional funding for the cftc and for that matter of agencies who have critical roles to play in implement this legislation. . . and hopefully we can get some additional funding for these agencies including the cftc. >> thank you very much. [applause] >> elections are underway for all u.s. house seats.

a third of the senate and voters in 37 states are electing governors. c-span's election night coverage spins at 7:00 eastern with results across the country, victory and concession speeches as well as your call, emails and tweets. and today on c-span3,