because the arctic char is just that, the arctic and live in environments freeze nearly solid so the fish are used to crowding together and have very high disease resistance. you can grow the arctic char outside of the ocean in the closed containment facilities where there is no threat to the wild population and it is generally a better farm fish. if you're looking for a salmon like fish, the arctic char is the better fish. >> thank you very much for your time. up next, patrick o'donnell talks about the marines who made the georgia company one of the most highly decorated and it's a victory in war. he discusses his book at borders bookstore in westlake ohio. this is a little over 50

minutes. ..

carried our battle guide in the battle of fallujah which was news to me. i didn't know that was exactly

or with the whole story was and then they said to me do you need a ride? and i said yes, it was 24 miles away from the nearest train station or transportation in the middle of camp pendleton, there were no cabs or any other way to get around so they took me towards the train station and asked me if i would like to go to lunch and at the lunch i talked about fallujah, and then they said to me george company has quite an interesting story also we held off a chinese regiment at a place called east hill in the chosin reservoir. as a historian, i was astounded. how could a company of 200 hold off a regimen of almost 3,000. that right there was a thread. it got my interest and for me the story found me that i became

curious and the next thing i know i was invited to george companies's reunion the next year and they said why don't you just come on over and start, you know, just be our guest and i began interviewing the members of george company and found one of the most remarkable stories i think i have ever come across in my entire career. the thing that really struck me was a gentleman by the name of rocco, who was the first sergeant during the korean war come and the men told me that zulo called me during korea

>> they acted as a fire brigade but it was in the summer of 1950 that george company, the focus of this book was formed. it is a story about men that had no training at all in those days as well as veterans several board to that many of the men were reservists not like today

with professional military training and they train. the reservists of 1950 had no training. they had ground training and many men did not know how to fire a weapon or throw a grenade. it was in the summer of 1950 george company was born. the man that i told you that basically died in the reservoir quote -- formed a company overnight from men like bob who'd just talk to had some experience as a marine but many of these men had no training at all. they just had to put the company together that could fight over night. so, august 1950, basically these men were trained up by a combat veteran who had survived and guadalcanal and rushed over to japan and they were rushed into one of the greatest amphibious

assaults in history. that would turn the tide basically and one of these amazing stories where only two days of the year the ties were right that the landing craft could land in the harbor without being beached 1 mile from the shore. and macarthur against the advice of all of his generals and admirals decided the tide would be turned act in shot and here george company would see the first flood. they would see landing craft and hit the beach and then in the first wave as bob was one of the men of the first wave. not quite omaha beach but they said they did have resistance and these were one of the first members of

george company to die and bob remembers one of those first people and one of those memories that has left him -- never left him as george company landed they pushed inland toward sold sold -- sold prieta and the first unit to make its way up to the center of the city on the blvd that was the only road that could support tanks and sherman tanks and pershings and capturing the road was key and george company pushed down the road similar house-to-house fighting in fallujah and as they move their way down the road they went from north korea in existence and dug-in men but the first of

five tests against enemy regiments' came against the night they had entered the city a reinforced battalion over six or 700 men from north korea backed up with tanks and self. guns assaulted george company and they held the line. this tiny company with bazookas and 30 caliber machine guns held the line against tanks and self. guns and they stopped the north koreans, the first offensive in the city that night. what makes george company special this is the first time five times against this against buy the enemy regimens and if they 13

medals of honor. from here the company was very day -- depleted after 217 then they move to the other side of the korean peninsula and macarthur made one of the mistakes that many military historians do that divide his command and said he sent his general over there then also walker up north to pursue what was north of the north koreans around the perimeter they had quote won't -- went out and were in tatters broker at this point* the korean war changes dramatically with china entering the war. telling truman the chinese would not intervene and even

though intelligence indicated that it would. a lot of that and -- information was not sent up the chain of command or does mr. denied. there's a lot of different theories but the men of the eighth army as well as 10 score was pushing north towards the yalu river into basically one of the great traps of the 20th century where instead of 50 or 60,000 chinese macarthur anticipated crossing the yalu river 20,000 soldiers march 150 miles over rugged terrain and hid their move in and basically laid in a trap for the eighth army as well as bop and -- bob's unit in the reservoir and it is here that george company makes one of the epic and greenspan's that basically a

first marine division moving out and into the area of the chosen reservoir there is over 70 miles of road that goes up toward the reservoir and into the border with china. the first marine division pushes along this road if you are familiar with a similar operation from world war ii. where a couple rhodes basically determined the entire offensive and when that took place, it became very, very dangerous because it was susceptible and that is exactly what the chinese did and surrounded the first marine division and this division was basically outnumbered eight /1 and sometimes more.

not like world war ii where we have a numerical a vantage. these man were outnumbered and hear that george company makes one of the epic stands but first has to break through and i will explain that. the center of gravity in the chosen reservoir is where the first marine division had supplies and headquarters and the heart and soul. the only place the division can consolidate if attacked. it had to be held at all cost. what happened, late november the chinese attack in force come in the eighth army on the other side of career and then the first marine division on the other side. and basically they were being overwhelmed and they had to hold their position

at all costs. one of the few units in reserve was george company company, royal marine commandos and other cat and dog units. they had to be reinforced and they had to go off a 12-mile road progress at the beginning of a coffers -- conversation i talked about zulo may a symbol of the men in half to move off of this road at all costs and a breakthrough at all costs to reinforce haggar read. instead of me telling you this story i will have bob tell the story and put you in his boots as they went up that road. bob? >> that was a very cold road between 20 and 30 degrees below zero.

snow-covered. ice covered with a narrow road and they wanted us and the chinese hell of the high ground. there were four divisions between us and them. they would not get all of us but they have enough men to shoot down at us as we were going up the road. with no food, weapons are sluggish, some of the grenades would not explode explode, we had a chaotic time as they were blowing up our trucks, the men that were on the trucks had to go on to other trucks. and if you have ever been in a traffic jam, you see the accordion effect then it starts to go again through another roadblock and the chinese shootdown that you and you tell the men to take

whatever cover they can find on a truck or a hill that is close by. and this went on for 12 hours. and rocco zullo, we mentioned him because we knew nothing about combat. he was a veteran of world war ii, guadalcanal, and we would just say we will do what he does. he was a leader that would tell you not to do with but to follow me and we will do it. he did not said anybody anywhere. he would say let's go. that is why he was so powerful. whenever he was shot, it took the heart out of us.

we said if rocco zullo can die then anybody can die. that is why we were so surprised 40 years later to see him alive. as we went up this road, the chaos that was involved, of all of the trucks blowing up , 150 vehicles in the convoy and the only thing you can do. you cannot maneuver by just protect your track. they were on both sides there were 12 men to a truck. go to see wherever the pressure was greatest that is where you put the machine gun. some men did not have machine guns. the bits and pieces thrown into the convoy somebody had to go up the road to. it was not pleasant. but we finally made it.

then there was no hot food or water showers. ice and snow and dead chinese and live chinese on the hill. they told us to get some sleep because tomorrow morning at 8:00 we have to take the place called east hill. nobody was there to do it. that is why we had to get to their and that was the weakest spot that there and if the chinese, all the supplies that is what they needed for their victory because they were running out of ammunition as well. we could not even walk up the hill. it was ice covered it made it like a sliding board so

we have our tranche tools and carving out places to put the feet to pull each other up and we finally got to the military crest of the hill. and the chinese held the top of the crest which was a higher point*. we set up in new the chinese would be coming at us that night. and then to give us some protection against the bullets and then a machine gun squad leader and had to build a fire for that night and the other was up above and a good cross fire was going. they knew they would be going and full force. the worst thing that can

happen my weapon froze up. and then i am yelling at my men to throw hand grenades to stop the enemy. and i was working on the gun , five chinese showed up and fortunately i was down and my helmet was off and i slapped a couple in the face and probably a busted their nose and shot the others with the 45 and they broke through. we could not hold such massive men without machine gun fire. as it turned out the other bender was shot and both of his legs and could not walk.

that was part of the deal on east hill and commandos and others man forced us to hold the hill because that was crucial to the marines getting out of the reservoir because this is at the start of the road of the next town down where we had just come from. whoever controls the hill controls everything. but like i said, 17 medals of honor, a 70 navy crosses come in and they probably could have given out twice as many at least. but when there is nobody to verify what somebody has done, we had 1,000 marines killed, another 15,000 marines up there and 12,000 casualties.

and then you are shot in the arm as long as you don't have a broken bone. and then not knowing each other when we started, it turns out we were just brothers and you know, what happens when you pick on a brother. you will get the other brothers after you and that is what happened at chosen. the tiny speck on the wrong brothers and rocco zullo was our big brother looking out for us. i was so happy to see him 40 years later with a reunion. i could not believe it. he was dead as far as i was concerned. i saw him laying there and they took him away. the marines made it. and notice the pin i have on my lapel?

this is where the marines after they came back where they went back to hararu-ri then we joined up back to the next town that was the last place on the reservoir. and then they went down to the seaports. this was shining over coterie as the marines were coming. that is the symbol of the chosen few from this battle. if you ever see it, that is what it means. and all of the merchandise and emblems, that is the symbol. another thing very few people know about is when we came out of north korea

100,000 civilians big desk to take them with them. they hated the chinese and north korean government as much as we did. to show you how bad we hurt the chinese, the 150,000 men the turn -- chinese army consisted of one of the general said they only have 35,000 effected after the battle of the shot of 150,000 that is have devastated they were. they were hurt pretty bad bet getting back to the 100,000 civilians, our leader says after we go back and get the men out, send the ship back and they put 100,000 north korea and civilians on the ships and

brought them to south korea. the reason why they hated the chinese and the north koreans is because they were normal people. they did not want war. they did not know what it was all about but they knew the north koreans and chinese were kicking them out of their houses, killing the livestock, teeeighteen their food, whenever few they had and they wanted out. we brought them out and the rest is history again but people don't talk about the korean war. it is the forgotten war. and that is a sad thing about it the greatest battle ever fought, that i have ever read about, there happen other battles. of the would seem a. the alamo. wake island. but these places either surrendered or were killed

or outnumbered the enemy but we were outnumbered in most cases i could never understand why the history books would not mention this. i'm sure some of this you have never heard before. but pat brought to this out in the book and i want to thank him again. thank you very much. [applause] >> thank you, bob. the greatest problem and i could never get is the veteran from george company and they presented me with a plaque as well as the original scarf the only one left from november 10th on the birthday with a dedicated a monument to the 149 men that died

in george company during the korean war. i will recap a little bit it held he still against all odds and hararu-ri was the key point* of the first marine division as well as other units could sop -- consolidate. they held the hell over three days against 20 /1 at odds with the entire regiment or more. than they were shipped toward the airfield and this airfield they held the perimeter but what is important is save bought time for it to be completed with reinforcements to hararu-ri and wounded could be brought out than like rocco zullo who was found by another marine unit was shipped out and spent

several years in the virginia hospital without most of his men knowing what ever happened then he shows up 35 years later at the first reunion. here at the reservoir the fifth and seventh marines fought their way back down toward hararu-ri and the division consolidated in the unit move toward the ocean and they were evacuated. the story of george company does not in their and goes on through the rest of the war and they made another epic stand at hill 900 to in the spring 1951 where the chinese launched offensive and once again george company held the hill to allow other marines and other units to withdraw and

it continued through boulder city the last day of the war where the chinese had armistice talks well under way they launched the all-out attack against george company in a place called boulder 60 -- city a tiny outpost pretty much nobody remembers but 30 men were killed there on a single day george company saw quite a bit of action. 149 men were killed during the course of the war. three medals of honor. given to the company but like the men of afghanistan and iraq, they came home and pretty much nobody cared. they went about their business. honda up their uniforms and most of the marines went into normal civilian life.

and the story never went anywhere. it was in the minds of these men and for me, it was a great honor to meet men like bob who i consider a great friend and it is truly an honor to have a chance to tell they're extraordinary story. thank you very much for coming. what i would like to do now is open the floor to anyone who has questions. >> could you give us the overview of the weather conditions and the terrain? was a similar to afghanistan or the swiss alps? the terrain and the weather? >> the focal point* of the book is the battle of the chosen reservoir that he

highlighted with the boots on the ground view that was november and december 1950 in many accounts one of the coldest winters on record that temperature dipped 30 degrees below zero and these men were equipped with some of the worst equipment that we had. they were under eclipse and given surplus shoepacs and uniforms from the battle of the bulge which did not prepare these men at all and innuendoes that bought in that chosen -- chosen reservoir it is assumed they received frostbite and bob has said on his feet and his hands. mainly because the equipment was so bad.

just pitcher fighting in antarctica without a tent where hardly any equipment and by the way you are outnumbered 20 /1 and that is what it was like in korea. and then did not have food. the water was effectively the snow on the ground and many of them then subsisted on to its zero pops as a standing joke every reunion they go to they handout to its year-old's. >> not pops a. >> to its year-old's. you know, the point*. this is a raw card thing that had to melt in your mouth it took three or -- two or three minutes to get it melted. this is a book about survival as much as compaq

and the aftermath and i hope not only to tell the unit but all those who fought that people have a better understanding of what these men went through who our great heroes to this country >> first of all, thank you for retain this book my all-time favorite relative was then the chosin reservoir and i think he felt under appreciated but my question is i'm understand the braff and the scope is about george company but do you feel the success they had spurred macarthur to push them as far north as fast as they did? do feel the war would have been different if there were

more resistance or a different outcome? >> that is a very good hypothetical question. it could be more protracted like the war ended up. it is a period summer of 1950 through the chosin reservoir and touches upon the years of 1951, 52, 53. where the war was a stalemate and both sides fought along and did not gain much ground, we do not know how history could have turned out but knowing macarthur, his strategy was to hit them where they ain't. effectively. he would do the amphibious landing at some point* because the united states

have those assets at their disposal. the north koreans and the chinese did not have. there was definitely going to be a landing at some point*. perhaps if it was more contested history would have been changed. we don't know. >> maybe a little background on macarthur's decisions? he did not believe his intelligence that the chinese were amassing on the manchurian border. intelligence showed there was over 500,000 chinese on the border. his egotistical mind could not conceive the chinese coming against his army. win, there is a point* he told the joint chiefs of staff that between the west coast and the east coast is about 90 miles.

and at that point* we had enough men to put up a good defense of line across. that is what he told the joint chiefs of staff. twice. he wanted to get all of north korea. then that opens up at 650 miles. 90 miles up at 650 miles. on our left flank at the reservoir, it was 80 miles through mountains to the closest ally force on the left flank. on the right flank it was 150 miles to the closest army unit there. so to surround us was no big deal and the way the chinese did it was kerry white sheets and it was no covered

so when the alarm went off for a spotter plane was looking for them, they would blow a whistle or the vehicles and cover up. anybody moved would be shot. that is how they could infiltrate and not know they were all around. but we were fighting for some time. the first time we ran into the chinese was before we went up on the chosin reservoir plateau. there was a division that hit us on one of our regimens and there were 1,000 chinese at that time probably gave up five for 6,000 casualties than they did not believe macarthur and his staff but that we were fighting chinese. we showed them. i do not know why they

didn't. we kept how many prisoners? that is one of the things that disappointed me knowing that during the second war we were so powerful with our army and we were so great that we would lose the war to these chinese. the army on the west coast coast, the eighth army actually ran from the chinese. they did not put -- put up hardly any fight and ran back to seoul in the marines were left by themselves. and then we have to fight our way and somebody says retreat. you cannot retreat through more divisions behind you there was less -- less troops going to the dollar sign river than those coming back. this that purpose as their leader said to annihilate

the marines because they knew if they could annihilate the marines, then they could defeat the army. the marines put up the fight until april of the following year then it came into play again and have not put up the danica swung around and there would be no more south korea. what would stop them? we had nothing. any other questions? >> mr. daniel said. you were a veteran of the chosin reservoir. thank you for coming. >> one of the special things about marines, when somebody does something better you

try to keep up with them. at the chosen reservoir they disobeyed the order and said to emetine -- marine general said drop everything and he said no. we're not coming unless we are fighting and that is the way the marines work for you get the job done where you're not supposed to me there. one of the things i was wondering about it is what kind of metals or what do you get as a veteran? do you get a hat to? [laughter] metals our stuff like that? one of the things that the utterance need to get is a thing they call disability payments. the disability payments that is available to veterans you will be a surprise now. $2,700 per month tax free. $2,700 per month. the government gives you a hard time sometimes to get

that but this chosing group had a lot of frozen people and it took some people many, many months to get approval. this is where we the people need to take advantage that when you have so they go into the military to do something, and make sure they are taking care of properly comment take care of properly. you're asking yourself wide to the military or have fights with other countries? it is very simple. other people did a great job helping us become individuals, liberty, justice for all. we fought each other in the united states and said freedom is something everyone needs to have predefined the people going to other countries and that

is because other people did things that we benefit from. never and never turned that down. one of the things, we have very many that started their training in south carolina that has basic training. but few end up after world war ii and korea, go back there or what? what do they go back to? they became a drill instructor because they learned. those of the things that were very important. some of us were very fortunate we had world war ii and her educated and got training and was a fall back on korea then other things taking place. >> i am sorry. that was very good. let me move on to the next

question. we have another question in the audience. >> i will like to make a statement. i receive disability from the korean war. it is $123 per month it is very difficult to get disability. it is really difficult and the u.s. army was outfitted. >> we certainly want to honor the sacrifices of the army veterans and the book brings out one unit in particular that was on the other side of the chosen reservoir that fought and made their way toward hararu-ri the book is not just about george company in particular but trying to capture the entire korean war and the sacrifices of army and marine veterans and what they make. any other questions?

>> could you tell us about yourself for your background or how you got into writing books? and what does it mean to you? >> it means a lot. it is not a job. this is my passion. it is not work for me at all. when i was four years old i picked up the book on world war ii instead of a book on dinosaurs and i was sucked and immediately. the next thing i have eight or 900 books on world war ii it is a topic that consumed me one way or another. then i started to read about military history and specifically american history. and after college instead of reading books, i start to interview the men themselves

and it wasn't about what they did. i start to find out about the feelings and emotions that so many of these men felt and it began with world war i veterans. members of the 101st rangers and it went from there and i create paygo website said dropsonde.org that is still out there i volunteer my time to capture the stories i interviewed 4,000 members of america's armed forces i just guarded to do the interviews then then then said why don't you write a book? and fell into it by accident. and wrote my first book beyond the dollar which was

the best seller for simon schuster and here i am today. is not about the books but the journey. i really enjoy the people i have met or the places i have gone. it is not about the destination but the journey and the people i have met i have made extraordinary friends. a good question. >> in the support? >> a lot. >> . >> whenever it wasn't smelling the blue angels were always above bus. without them we could not have got now. they pave the way and soften the enemy and they saw what we could not see.

we were stuck to the roads. they were a pie and could see and providing the weather was good in the winter you always have snow clouds and cold weather. fog. but without them, and i want to mention about the air force c47 planes. they could carry out 25 wounded marines out of hararu-ri they took out 4,500 on a runway that was ice and snow. not a normal run away. how they cave, it was shorter than what was

required. but those pilot said we will try. i will tell you one story about a pilot. he came and saw the marines he could not get on. he said put them on. we will take on 28th. the next trip he saw more and said put them on. he took 30 and in the final trip he had 40 marines wounded in his plane on a short runway, in this weather, and he got them all out. over 4500. that is over 200 flights to come into hararu-ri while surrounded and being shot at and shelled and they deserve a lot of credit. >> i will finalize things. thank you for coming. i want to emphasize that "give me tomorrow" is a book

about the korean war but i hope people look at their own relatives and realize this is not the forgotten war. thank you very much. bob and i will sign a few bucks now. [applause] [applause] >> we're at the national press club talking about the book flights out with spencer abraham.

what are the solutions to our energy crisis you detail in the book? as energy secretary i watched what i felt was not working and we have been energy channel facing american going forward. first we need to increase dramatically the nuclear energy plays in the united states. it is 20% of our power i think it should be 30% by 2030. sony to look at renewable energy here in the united states. it is wind, solar wind, solar, geothermal it is only about 2% and we need them to me much higher. we need to support that effort. i am a conservative so i believe in conservation. they need to find ways to improve energy efficiency so we do not demand as much as right now is projected to be the case. >> what do we do about the

arguments to keep costs down of concerns of incorporating other sources? >> that is a challenge but most of these are crossed that we should be willing to bear. first of all,, the private sector should and can and will play an active role to these new forms of energy but there is a role for the federal government to encourage them as raw and over the last couple years we have seen progress but it will take more give men right now with the demands and if we don't, to see the energy skyrocket, america at the mercy of producing countries to export to us, our energy and could put us in a politically difficult position in. of we don't address these

issues will have a growing environmental challenges as well. shows a pathway for all of those and it will take tough decisions and we have been unwilling to make those tough decisions the last few years. >> host: do you talk of how to change public perspective and their perception of what we should do too be more cooperative? >> that is a good point*. one of the real impediments for what we need to do is call then not in my backyard syndrome. as energy secretary does not matter what type of infrastructure deployment deployment, there was tremendous resistance because nobody wanted near them. they want a lot of energy and cheap energy but nobody to make it or use it around them.

you cannot do that. at the end of the day as a country we have to be grown-ups to say yes it would be terrific if all of the energy facilities were somewhere else but we need them to be deployed on a broad basis. i do not profess to have a solution to convincing americans that they ought to do this but the more that we explain the consequences of allowing projects to go forward then would seals really the benefit is too our country. >> have you found resistance is along party lines? or is that a myth? the not in my backyard resistance is universal and has no boundaries progress has grown in recent years and that is the surprising because the country has got and la