>> guest: i love when you say that because you used to say that at my point. >> host: in the context what we've been talking about the last few minutes, and "then everything changed," may be one of the last of these that you see. these may be going out of style. at least in this forum. >> guest: sood you will read it on this and on the kindle, your ipad, then you just said you think the message is more important than the media. >> host: absolutely. so, i kind of like the feel of it. >> guest: you don't think a hundred years ago somebody said i miss that parchment, i can't get used to this? >> host: i still miss that. look, perhaps folks would have liked something a little more confrontational than to put me against someone i don't consider a friend of more than a quarter-century standing. but it's been a great pleasure and i wish you success with the

book. and long me you prosper. thanks very much for joining us. would like to introduce the

authors. it is my great honor to >> rezko castro book adversity is my angel was co-written with the jack toife near. he was born 1961 son of thehe copper miner and midwife and worked himself a school bywi plucking chickens andch panning gold and waitingns tables. 1974 he made history elected very e first mexican-american governor. he will also answer to judge ans and ambassador paul a faucet is the professor from university of california

berkeley and distinguished scholar and president of rutgers and specializes in the history of childhood and in her seventh book, inherit being the holocaust, issueond reconstructs her family's compl history to help us t understand the influence of european jewish life in the 19th and 20th centuries. if and a long way gone, as the story of a bull a soldier during the civil warhe during the mid-1990s in zero lyonnais. we read about his rehabilitation at the age of 15. is mail has served as a powerful spokesperson from the child soldiers almost from thehi moment of his rehabilitation he works with unicef on poverty issues.

and warned and emigrated at the age of five years of the. as a graduate working with behavioral and mental health research since 1998 and her novel focuses on the uniquevel geographical political and cultural dynamics of growing up in the crux of two influential countries and herblock's stands at the top of the top 100 latina blogs. now we will hear from governor castro.ve >> good morning ladies and gentlemen, i am honored tod be here with you this morning and i am lucky to make it. out of arizona 75 yards from the mexican border. i was timid about coming t

because i was afraid they may turn the upside-down asking the four papers weather was american or not. [laughter] i say that because i am concerned we are in turmoil not only profiling at least i have the farm in tucson and onshe day my wife was beg complaining that the defense wasco getting dirty i want you to paint it. i was in the superior court at that time. so i put on my levi's and my straw hats and i went tobu painted the fence but within 20 minutes border patrol stock. do you have a card? i said i do not have a card in. nothing but pain to. who do work for? i pointed to the house and i

said a signora. there is the lady. [laughter] and so then they tried to put me into the paddy wagon. i said see that sign says says castro form i said that is me. are you judge castro? yes. that is the end of the story. even though it said noe profiling. whenever i a travel coming at a san diego to you must they stop me and looked atnd me i obviously do not look to our region. [laughter] but they are ready to throw me a upside-down because i am concerned the lated arizona is changing i hopehe i the new citizens will do to improve fact thank you very much.

[applause] >> it is a pleasure to be here today. can you hear me? i am honored to sit with governorn castro and chiquis barron. over 35 years i have been teaching and researching about u.s. history especially social and cultural history i have beenvelo trying to have more on a global scale this is ais i history that i am professionally known and recognized but my most book is about:does the united states and grow it is very muchs about my childhood in the united states it is about the destruction of children and childhood. and a holocaust is about how i became a very particular kind of american.

when i was a little crow not yet three years old when mother began to tell me about her past that is the origin and eight of them basis of inheriting a holocaust a family memoir that i wrote after she died because i needed to keep her storyn ny alive why would an american historian writes ase memoir like this? the became an active recovery finding myself by reconnecting with a different personal past that i turned into history. often tell people i was not ready to write it until i have sufficiently mastered my craft as i discovered the most difficult form if history right thing. to me as a child during the period of my youth the past was deeply part of what i caredyd about and my parents were survivors each victim

of the crime of the history and individual abundance of a complex jewish community that had disappeared into a dark past and brought withud them into my childhood and a growing of memories t of bothd n the rich and varied cultures and the languages and the beastliness that hadua destroyed them my mother wasstro eager for me to know about her earlier life. since she was a vivid storytellers she shared ash palm a despite my intentions and without my realizing it come a real part of my life i as a child although i had never visited there. these stories became theav source of what i call my second-hand memories and thes be basis for my historical reconstruction of her family

in poland. i was an immigrant child toward between a lost child never personally experienced it a new world where i was an outsider to which very much wanted to belong. i chose to study the historyst not the world for which my parents came so with other second-generation immigrants so on and new-line and i brought to the study's the culture i thought to conquer i also brought to this task the ability to perceive on and others took for granted granted, culture and society and in this way i think we have been able to make a contribution to of meditation merit in history.ws i long after my parents were

dead and once my own children were grounded i begin to experience of my parents and my children's lives and the languages of my childhood and the absence of a history becoming further from the experience of even the survivors and the children and in response to deep obligation ton make sure this history remained alive to set out to put myo p experience as a child and young adults. of the memoir is my attempt to reconstruct and to read imagine a world that had died with the holocaust. in the and it is a tribute to my mother's strong desire to pass on of past to bemy m remembered and the strength to tell me about it. the book relies every ought-- heavily on the

memories of the with skills and knowledge i have developed i wrote it in order to make my path known to others to like me were holocaust survivors and more generally to all those children who were immigrants caught between the desire of a future andur a deep sense ofso obligation passed the matter how difficult. n the past we had entrusted to mike year included theru nightmare that became the c stuff of daily life. memories were flow of themo huge losses she had endured for the people that she careshd about as a treasure knies and three year-old son were all buried and incinerated during the terrible five years when the nazis put out the lights and extinguished t jewish wife for growth my father also had many memories but he told mer

far less about his former wife and of the disaster. nothing substantial about his family and my knowledge i had to gather together in various ways over the course of my life and had nothe forgotten but it was toott painful to remember. really learn about the four children whom he left in thech unspeakable dust of t auschwitz when i was sevenun and even then i did not understand i was told they have almost survive but some details i understand are beyond recovery and drama has a face that i could not remember even a second hand what i had never known or had been told although it was an inheritance i could not ignore the past but flooded my life becoming the indelible part of a childhood what i call a cal haunting and it is the past with which i continue to

wrestle and to this day since many of the details are sketchy, remember i come to realize is not entirely a matter of will or desire or not a historian of the pastbef recovering this terrible parts of their lives waspart also to remember our ownem childhood deeply shadowed by the never forgot and sorrow of past lives when i was an fourth grader was asked to write about the indomitable spirit and wrote about my parents survival into the camp that live with theiriv losses and the destruction they had written my teacherd. read my sa out loud but only to humiliate me i had misunderstood the assignment my parents have worked been only victims with their lives crush. i never wrote about them again in school.

today as in american culture embraces the last few members to give us a chance to speak and to be heard i am eager the lives of my parents become part of that remembering so i am remembering and speaking for them. no longer fearful to be heard. allal my life their hair was some with that it was not consecrated.cred and i was reluctant to profit professionally because i fear that doing so would falsely give the impression this was somehow my own history and my sorrow.ow not history but a memoir i finally realized to fill myin obligation to the past which was very much w mine but not mine as a survivor.mine i could write about myself and my family and that experience would legitimately be a form of recovery.pe i would not pretend to know what i did not as a

historian or survivor, 12 years ago after writing a book about lost children, a book about kidnapping, i 10 to see how much of my life was defined by such lost children and i began to struggle with how to find how to give these children a history and how to recover their lives.ruw that struggle would take me to poland to which my parents never dreamed of returning but then thera graves of my sisters and brothers and grandparents and a culture my parents hadpare tried to rescue to bring with them into a new world. research the graves for grandparents and poland but did not find them now those monuments are now in myow book. i would do the best of a

could giving memory and my need to record the lives of this one family which had experienced a called-- holocaust because those are necessary to make sure that they happened not to notions of nameless people but to real people, ordinary people like my family who were almost never remembered. as a social historian both an object of a long glass. finally i wrote this book because the history of those like myself, children of survivors to become very successful americans are often overlooked as a part of america and in the 1950's at a time where there were very few immigrants with the fixture of marvell in a grant travails and pains deeply penetrated by dark memories is rarely included in the history of immigration and each story is a show of survival with

together the generation that i represent, the second generation has many things that connect them i thought it is important not only to give a history to my family but a historical introduction to this particular immigrant generation of with children to a are finished by the flame but never threatened and those who knew theiricne own lives were the product of the miracle of historical who survival but they too might have disappeared were never been born. they were recovered generation fanfares is also an american story. thank you.than [applause] >> good morning i am also deeply honored to be on this distinguished piano with raul castro, paula fass and

chiquis barron. i started to think about my own life particularly coming to live in the united states. i have lived here over 10 years but every time i go somewhere and somebody asks me where are you from? i say new york. they say really. i realize no matter what i do w perhaps might acceptance will never be completely granted.ld n as an american or somebodyed a who lives in a culture so i began to introduce myself so a whenever people ask me i tell them i am from sierra leone with somero contingencies. [laughter] but this introduction i think gives people some sort of comfort to have a discussion with me about allha things. pride did not grow appear or

was born here but i moved here 1998 through d'oeuvres -- typical circumstances. we have a civil war for 11 years i was a young boy when it started. but before that to, i had an encounter with the united states because costs the peace corps used to me verytron strong so one of the first americans ever encountered was the peace corpsers volunteer whoa lived in my village to teach english. our idea of the united states or america was based on how this fellow be caved. we thought this is how americans are. for example, he would wear auld sneaker he never washed and mr. d. of the time so we thought this is how americans lowered theirns shoes so anybody wore aaker sneaker that was 30 we said

it was peace corps style or american-style. [laughter] my father worked for a mining company a very remote to area and through this that i was introduced to american popular culture. also have hip-hop music that was on television we did not have electricity but we went to the headquarters to listen lowered to watch the television and saw these things.ened i was introduced to this culture growing up. when the war came into my life is disrupted the simple and remarkable life that i had had. at the age of 12 i started to run from the war between 12 and 13 i lost everything that was dear to me. might immediate family was killed. my older and junior brother and mother and father were killed. this happened in hundreds of not other thousands children i wauss eventually drug into

the war to fight as 13 years old and fought over two and a half years as a child soldier. with a brief background eventually i was removed by the united nations and unicef and went through rehabilitation than was selected to come to new york. left mye i me ite country to speak at the united nations was going on in sierra leone. the first time of my country come on an airplane, passport and came to new york.. [laughter] i know from some of you going from tucson to new york is overwhelming imagine my case. [laughter] not only backed i came in the winter of 19965 laugh i had no idea i knew the word snow and winter through shakespeare growing up but i

had no physical relationship to any of these. the%, at our chaperon had no idea either so we had no winter jackets or hats or gloves but just very flimsy close because it is always warm.s wa we landed at jfk around 4:00 p.m. and it was already a dark.ea i thought that is not a dark time of day.ng this is strange. we saw snow for the firstme. time i was not thrilled about it.w the only reference point* was christmas so i thought it was christmas all the time.hris [laughter] and eventually at the conference is where i met to m my mother who adopted me to brought me back to come and live with her. it is a jewish-american woman.y so i arrived here and

started to live here but what i want to mention briefly about immigration but perhaps the first time in my life i began to question whether my own humanity was worth a as those who lived inho nearby had never questioned this before and this cameti about because of the process of integrating was almost difficult to the point* or aha humanized with immigration.n when i went to the american embassy to get of the sec, i was asked to produce two things. on e of them was a a bank statement one was of documentation showing property. the war had been going on over eight or nine years and i tried to explain to him a

place that has a civil war in a remote part of the world i do not have these things. i grew up in the small community this is your cn grandfather's land and you do not have to have papers to do that. this gentleman just could not understand his idea is if i did not provide these things he could no pt trust meee he did not want to understand the fact that in return i could be killed he was not interested in hearing these things and also i tried to explain that if i have of bank account with this documentation and when you hear gunshots i musti really take my bank statement.mb

[laughter]a and ownership of property to give it to this guy. you think can i survive the next minute? what i live to see the next minute? when i have this discussion is when i rise where i was coming from and out of frustration to give context to my life and humanity what my life had been the floor but also sometimes what be put in place to trust people to trust in their ownpl humanity may not be the sameta standard but this is some of this stuff i began to encounter when i arrived in states there is another i problem which is education. so then applying for a

school's i need a report card. to them that i tried to explain a was in the war. i was not thinking war and report card and end up here. [laughter] there is a lot of exclusions when you see the immigrant cominger and those that were so fascinated through the peace corps with a history of the nation plus o of diversity. because of similar persecution that some of usla arer running from but when youe arrive jfk or whatever but this on the question that you ask as if you are a criminal a criminalize before you began to speak soeak you don't want to tell them anything about yourself.

so every time i travel, i still wonder how do i pay my taxes i get veryx upset in a very humane way. when i am traveling if i use my new york driver's license i am okay but to all of a sudden it is a bign problem and i am the same guy. the same people and the same area almost like no human interaction at all even if you try to balance the information that being humane to them but to but when working for unicef and

then find the questions incredibly funny one of those i just arrived with geneva he said how long? two or three days. why there for such a shortlo s time? because it only had a few days to do my work.o why? that are no. is i was gone for 23 days. [laughter] but i travel because of my work and i have lived there for over two years would have you done? would deal-making a newly? but all those questions have been decriminalize. before people get a chance to know me.to.

but what makes this a great nation is the diversity is that what it has the opportunities anybody who is emigrating to see some sort of economyme development not trying to disturb the piece of the country.te so we come for these opportunities. but then to add an element to those nations so if you try to prevent those people becoming a part of this nation we will lose the remarkable spirit of the country so that is what i will say for now. thank thank you.

>>. [applause] >> first of all, i want to take a briefid moment to thank you and everyone involved with the tucson festival y of books for the opportunity to participate and share my experience is not only as an immigrant but as someone who firmly believes in the powerne of the written word as a source of activism and purpose and meaning in life and it is a real honor to be in the company of such scopempan analyst but to familiarize myself in much more detail

the then too new with a brief description and then working at the university of arizona with mental and behavioral a health has had a hugees impact and greatly fueled my rating the with the mental and emotionalrms struggle that all of usta people experience at some point* in our lives regardless of the different disguises are a periods -- appearances each of us may take. so going back to my younger years late teens and early 20s when my search for somearc identity and such universalan things as friendship and love and spares rather they

was wind i found myself and at the same time when dean to reach out and experience the novelty of americanac life with its social trend, i realize there is some witter work out there that spoke to me and the issues that isa by cultural young hispanic woman was facing in realtime. a struggle to make sense of the world of the corporate -- crippling pressures where corruption is very real it is like a breath of fresh air when i across the author who is considered one of the

founders of contemporary chicano literature that said it is important for each generation to read the stories of previous generations and says acquire a touchstone to chart a course for the future. i read that two and the need to begin writing first journal entries later more defined in structure was almost instantaneous. it was about depicting the mexican-american in the coming of age experienceen that on top of pre-existing coach role differences troubled with generational differences and $0.9. is about learning to bridge the gap not only between the power of all ethniclu imbalances tugging at the bu wt also -- influence is butti

also the traditional believe system or more broad minded view in terms of female roles and also sex but it came to unveil the no struggles andam experiences and push for its theward merchant 19 employs not only for myself but for those behind me and those ahead of me who still have not found their way still looking to me wholly a part of something. i have been asked multiple times, usually by skeptical literary agent why i feel myrtan a frightening is important especially when i am not a particularly notable or prominent figure especially

not in a marketable cents and over the years i have come to realize i cannot to write your share my experience with others. obviously the dramatic demographic transformation taking place after years and years of latino emigration has changed the shape of what america looksd like today. it would be a tragedy if so better world failed to echo those american voices better still waiting to be heard. once again the way back to my work at the university and those struggles that imo mentioned, i have been doing that work professionally 12 years and personally i have always been an avid observer of humanly interaction and circumstances. innocents i have been doing it the greater part of my

life. i'm sorry. when i say i know what it looks like when someone feels lost or disconnected.sens looking at the same place in the world it is a very vivid image that comes to mind for about unfortunately come in the heart wrenching consequences that could come that feeling of disconnected ness is something i have seen far too many times. both nonfiction and fiction both ien our experience as the immigrants.

why so with those great many people so at i thank you for the opportunity again to be here so i look forward into a bigger conversation with all of you. [applause] >> thank you for a wonderful opening statement and segue and now it has opened up to all of you. you to microphones on either side and i will invite those of you havei questions and can add it to our conversation to come up to the microphone to ask your question. >> the first one is always the hardest.>>

>> thank you all four year moving stories that helps. but but around the country you have touched on this but to use take a few minutes to elaborate more on and how can you help us break down the barriers so leading toward exclusive that fearou s provokes? who are used and what do you bring instead of what do youad come to take? >> this panel is a good illustration. and the enormous variety of talents of passion and of

four. and also for the nation but just to show how much we owe to this country with what it sony theded us but know that makes it what it is now. diversity, potential, we aree a a good statement as a whole. >> also one of the waves it can be broken but then to hear about the lives of those to join the country because they're so remove that they think in every bridges comes to the country to benefit everything. is hard to be an emigrant.

it is not easy and a lot of hard work just as americans work hard so do immigrants but there is a perception people just come and take freely. they are not but working hard and also bring something of value but to gain something as well. soal myself forh example, so the average classroom setting in thehi university will frankly bely b quite boring. [laughter] i am serious. suddenly it will be. said but when we come from this different backgrounds. but no matter what generation you are, we i quickly forget that when we have this discussion who comes from where.

>> very similar to ishmael beah it is a give-and-take. by a grew up born in mexico and since then my life ins terms of screwing and coming here to the university is very focused around american culture and my work has been here. with work involved and community service andor research within the community and althoughre mr. they take pride hoping the hispanics so open to

those of all ethnic backgrounds. but then so much of new-line them and those that were reared by my grandparents and other, but but then itec comes from mexico and it tears me that i don't feel of that i equally give back to my own country because they give so much of mymuiv education and preparation here in the united states. but then to give it needs to

make people aware of all that we contribute as well. >> of a life the opportunity as a day diplomats to travel all over the world.ss this the mile-long and people come to this country because it is the bestst country in the world. c i was born in mexico and to have the confidence that thepa american public response to civility. this of the united states of america, asked me, i have every opportunity in the world.

but the boxer comes back in the american and republic responded. it is the country of opportunity. [applause] >> don't be shy. >> the land of opportunity has been and probably will be for some time the same is that i observe i immigrated as well. a but to when i came here with my grandfather came

here, we've left our intimate come a very intimate ties is too our country on the started to think the united states is certain to with the language and the culture with this diversified play anddi population, and i am wondering what effect will this have in the seven united states. for example, to speak spanish and english becomes the second language.dive

how do we maintain adversity? with the land of opportunity. >> i will go ahead. i think as with most things i have experience there is room for opportunity. i don't think that one thing needs to be replaced by another. the with a country of then educated people of such advanced thinking it is certainly possible to continue to be a country of immigrants where the rich languages of spanish and spokanecan be without the need to completely take over the other purpose seems like there is plenty of room when things are handled maturely

and plenty of room of diversity without the need of shadow to obliterate anything in particular.e [applause] >> and then to come to an understanding is somebody comes to the united states and practices their culture in whatever way that does not disrupt people's lives w sell ife anything, if you see somebody has practiced their culture and giving this speech to do it only it makes you strength in your own culture war. so then to bring the culture

as well, it is not as simple it is not the goal of anybody coming here. in terms of this language if it is funny at all but for a number of years when the thing this something slightly negative people have about this great nation it is the only one with the singular language but there is theng opportunity to change the perception. [applause] it seriously. it could be a country of many languages with spanish being one of them right now. it is fantastic progress is somebody who is a writer, what makes the interesting that we can relate to is the fact a speakti several different languages so i always try to redefine the english-language so we cane empower our children to think more deeply ifs -- for

another language. [applause] >> i think ishmael beah is completely correct even historically we always have english as a language it has never been threatened and really isn't now. on the other hand, the contribution of multiple languages have been here for centuries.co language is a deep and abiding part of our identity and we have to and do want to maintain the complexity m of our identities. languages part of what makes us coal. we do not want to extinguished it but to make make -- the me sure that it is not just tolerated but our problem is malt bilingualism -- model angola's and not the most bilingualism. [applause]

>> i do want to add one more thing. it came to me as i heard both of you speak. a lot of my reading day chretien comes to me as you think lowered to reem in spanish or english? i cannot figure it out.h it i do both i think depending on your have been talking to. but my riding definitely has a lot more flavor i believe because the of the adages ie have heard since i was a child growing up. barrel where things would not come to me or what they would represent a would not come in english or in my existence in english america and the culture but yet to

they are very important and have a strong meaning that i think again with my riding i think has been that much more flavorful because of the ability to blend those to influence it is. so if anything is that much more richer of the ability s several languages to contribute. >> governor castro did you want to comment? >> i have no fear the english-language would bet disappearing. con -- to theto contrary, those that we can listen to, i will come i happen to be one of those that believe those that come speaking three to -- three different languages add a lot to our culture and i

respect that i have no fear the english language would ever be substituted for another ring bridge but to the contrary, it is now increasingly worldwide and whenever i travel. i think we ought to will come in this country, but forget the elevator or weren't german nor portuguese. just except it. they do not put the language into any jeopardy. i have no fear. thank you. [applause] >> hello. i am also an immigrant ofgr this country many years ago. the whole discussion that we have had so far leads me to ask you a question

concerning the notion that to we have the greatest country in a row seating is self superior to other countries.peri when you have a sense of such superiority doesn't that lead to a sense ofnc arrogance and other countries but does not lead to the notion that since we are so superior that we have to impose our values on other countries be it buyback or afghanistan or other countries? thank you. [applause] >> i will take the question.

[laughter] actually that is a very important question. the fact there is a sense of superiority about the fact is that this country, it is a great country in the sense of opportunities but i don't think we should think at all it is a superior culture rests with the identity in all these things this is why i say this.at i immigrated here and oftentimes i do a lot of work with the non governmental organizations from the people have an idea that our idea of happiness in the united states is what everyone else wants in the world. that is not true and entirely wrong. if we go with that, we would make less friends if we engage people in that way. the 80 as of happiness ist

different and they should be respected. we have a lot of things in common which is we want the same thing and we speak about it culturally but fundamentally there is more increasingly with my generation because of the internet people have seen what you are speaking about is not entirely true.tire but it is not superior to every other place. in terms of technology, i was joking with somebody the other day off my grandmothere could stand out in the morning and would tell you what we would happen during the day.ow what will happen and does not need to look at the weather channel to do that. [laughter] so there is knowledge that is intrinsic fifth and othertrin parts of the robot we have

forgotten about because we move so rapidly to forget about those things. we should celebrate but always open and excepting things and that is my point*. [applause] >> one more question. i work with the group ofroup african refugees and want toand mention first of all, the high school has a wonderful writingig program for the refugee students thate encourages them to write their story and it ise awesome and i see that changes the status that ierhe work with through that program. but my question is the families i have worked with have been here three yearser and students are doing wonderfully. the moms and dads are struggling. they only want to speak their language in the homege i that the kids respect which

is great they keep their culture alive at home but the moms and dads having difficulty learning english therefore struggling with getting jobs and supporting the family. there is a real disconnect and as volunteers to bring them into d my home to give them the idea of thegs l american culture and what we do then they share their customs but yet i sense a they're not totally getting how they can succeed with the work and financially there is some difficulty there.nc what suggestions do you have with relationship building how we can help them lowered to catch the vision of how to be successful in america? >> we have two minutes.wh

[laughter] >> that is a lot. >> because i know what that feels like i talk about the generational differences but i think what you're doing is exactly what needs to be done and oftentimes we want to see immediate results and unfortunately it takes some s time for people to adjust and to come to terms with differences and the people's ways of living so it is continuing to do the same to allow the transformation torm slowly take place. >> the children's themselves in will eventually teach theen parents and children have historically served as intermediaries and interpreters as i have and i am