the nine people who replaced the nine that left came from the outside. but i needed a skill base and an experience well beyond the size of the company and people with like-minded values. but we can't preserve and enhance the culture of the company by taking outside talent. so there has been and continues to be a high level of understanding and identifying the emerging talent in the company and then creating the career development for them and i think that we've become very good at that over the past year. in addition to that we have sent a fair number of people overseas to ensure that the cloture value of the company are being printed in geographies and areas of the world that are very different than america. >> when it's unreasonable to expect the local starbucks could be involved in the chambers of commerce and business organizations and the rest, but talk to us a little about the role and the importance you

place and the companies place on being involved in business organizations? >> i think that if starbucks is not locally relevant in every community there we've served, then we will become a faithless corporation of the chain of stores. whether ubiquity would be the brand. we don't want that. so we have tried in every community where the manager and the district manager has the authority and the responsibility to engage locally, philanthropic league and organizationally and i think we have done a good job of that over the years. >> howard, you are on day to word of the book tour that's going to take you around the world. you really share candidly quite a bit of what was going on during some very difficult times in the company. the company that everyone in this room and millions of people around the country and around the world have a connection to an emotional attachment to and they care about your company. it must be very rewarding for

you. it strikes me as i was going through this that whoever it was that leaked the memo probably did it to try to stick it to you. but in some bizarre twist it may have been the greatest thing that ever happened to starbucks by giving you the push to say now the words out, maybe now i have to personally backed up by getting involved and i will tell you personally, with your i'm very glad you stepped back into starbucks to take the reins and bring the company back and get it back and sold. thank you. >> thank you very much. [applause]

in the office of strategic services during world war ii. the author and television personality began her service in 1942 as a file clerk and was later stationed in india and china. the author recalls the couple's travels as part of the clandestine office as well as the interrogation of charges of a copy of sympathy. this is about 40 minutes. [applause] >> thank you for venturing out on this rainy spring evening. i think i'm going to start by quoting groucho marx to the effect that before i begin talking i have something to say. the first thing everyone asks me how julia child, 6 feet two with that incredibly distinctive of operatic voice ever managed to slip incognito behind enemy lines. the answer is simple.

she didn't. we will get to that later. the other thing is despite what you may have read this morning in the usa today, bone appetit wasn't a secret code. on a more serious note, the most common question i get is what on earth brought me to this topic, how did i come to write about julia child and have a line of that julia child, the popular french television fame worked for the country's first intelligence agency? the truth is i read it in the new york post. i happened to see a headline, secret recipes of spy and recorded that she'd been employees of the o.s. sesto office of strategic services which is most of you know was hastily set up by president roosevelt in the early days of the war. it's the forerunner of today's cia. anyway, i was in washington at the time. this would have been the fall of 2008 and i was on my book tour for the irregulars which happened to be about a group of

british spies in the early days of the o.s. s. at that time the national archives released a huge cache of previously classified documents. this was a huge holes peepers, classified records, and it detailed the 24,000 people that had worked for the oss during world war ii. these records identified for the first time the vast civilian military network of operatives who served their country during the time when it was threatened by nazis and fascists. and some of these people were very notable but for the unusual and the most unlikely possible super agents. you have among them supreme court justice arthur goldberg, the actor sterling hayden, white sox catcher bill berg and arthur schlesinger, jr. but perhaps the most unusual and notable was the chef, julia stevan. the news that she worked for the oss made headlines across the country. everywhere i went on the book

tour for the next few weeks people would stop and ask me was she really us by? what did she do, where did she go? and i didn't know the answer to any of the questions. so i began doing some research, and one thing or another lead to the beginning of this book. now, like so many wartime secrets, julia child, oss's career really wasn't a secret at all. the fact of her intelligence career could be looked up as easily as the ingredients to the recipe for quiche lorraine. in her life she opened up a bit about her past, she had broken her vow of silence and talked about her page for the oss. she even mentioned a few paragraphs about it in her memoir my life in france. it was mentioned in the various books. one movie about her and paul had a brief bit about it, and it wasn't all the obituaries when she died in 2004. but as soon as the huge treasure trove of archives was released there was great excitement about the material that might be

unearthed and it caused a bit of a stir. after all the cia held on to the classified documents for many decades and had been very reluctant to release them and it took william casey the former director of the cia who intervened and finally convinced them to release the records. and they began slowly releasing them in 1981. the personnel records of the oss personnel or the very last batch of papers to be released and julia child's 130 page oss personnel file, the classified document gave the details of her dynamic career in the intelligence agency and made for some fascinating reading. the first thing that became clear as i've come through the documents was contrary to all the newspaper headlines, julia was never actually espy but she very much hoped to become one when she joined the agency in 1942. like so many young people in the week of pearl harbor she moved to washington and was determined to preserve her country.

she was single, 30 and unemployed with several failed attempts of the career behind her. she was also looking for a second chance of life, the chance to remake her life come to do something special. she was the daughter of able to do rancher and graduated but had spent most of her post college years as she admits as a social butterfly. she spent a lot of time playing golf and tennis, attending parties and having a good time. she was keeping house for her father and living a very sheltered life. she was by her own account a pretty plain a person with no skills. she didn't speak any language is and she had never been further out of the country than a trip to tijuana. she always felt she was bigger than life. she always thought she was destined for big things but by 30 the head miserably failed to materialize. still, she was tall, athletic, she was sure she would be natural for the army or the navy

reserve. when she was rejected the letters came, too tall, the state. she was disappointed. she used family connections and got a job at the war department. it was a low-level secretarial job and she was a typist and she loaded and was determined to work like a demon to get promoted. as she got herself transferred to the offices of a legendary colonel william wild bill donovan, the newly appointed head of the oss, a mysterious and shadow new intelligence agency. as one review recently noted the cloak and dagger business was like bread and butter to julia. she found the mysterious agency exciting and glamorous and she left her brilliant and eccentric colleagues and she found herself assigned to an experimental research project called the emergency rescue equipment section. she was working with an eminent harvard zoologist. his name was harold coolidge and he was no less than the defendant of thomas jefferson.

she was developing a sharp that could be read what pilots who could be down on sea to protect them. they conducted all kind of bizarre experience in designing the rescue jets and julia's responsibility was to go to the fish market early every morning for the fresh catch. for the first time in her life she loved her work and felt she found her niche, the place she belonged. the oss for all of its selectivity was a strange group of people. there was a lot of colorful personalities and the had a kind of idiosyncratic lenient atmosphere of a small the beaux-arts college and had the same tolerance for the audibles and eccentrics. she heard that donovan's idea of the ideal female employee was a cross between the smith graduate, our model and tv gives a girl. finally, for once, julia had all the right qualifications. she even had a private income after her mother's death that made her appear above reproach. the rumor in washington at the

time was on the family hired people from the ivy league and the junior league because he believed if you were well off you are less susceptible to bribes. this didn't make him the least popular and the critics scoffed the oss stood for zero so social and secret. the actual fact was that the oss did not begin recruiting until after all of the other services have their pick so donovan was forced to scramble to find talent. faced with building a huge intelligence gathering operation and administrative bureaucracy virtually overnight, he had to get creative. but he knew the specific skills that he was looking for. he needed someone with the brain to make decisions on the fly, the street smarts to know when to throw out the rule book, someone with an abundance of self-confidence and over developed and underdeveloped sense of fear. of course, these same qualifications could be used to describe any number of dubious characters and critics leader

charged donovan's standards meant all sorts of dangerous people work in played as spies. still, donovan began by hiring lawyers from the wall street firm as well as prominent attorneys from other firms and business men he knew. he recruited a wide variety of academics everything from psychologists and anthropologists and linguists to mathematicians and even ornithologists who chased birds across asia. he recorded in a sort of creative types including artists, painters, writers and inventors. the time being of the essence he simplified the process by keeping it all within the family. if the had a girlfriend or sister who happened to go to college and had a decent typing speed she would be brought in and promised a better job and faster advancement. if by chance she had any foreign languages or lived abroad she would be whisked off to one of their secret schools and start intensive training. while working for the oss in

washington, julia became fast friends with a number of young women training to be spies and she was green with envy. one of them was a woman named jane foster. janeth like julia was from a wealthy conservative west coast family. she was an adventurous california girl that bear the similarity. jane was widely traveled, she briefly been married to a dutch diplomat and stationed and spoke several languages including fluent. jane was everything julia felt she was not. while we sophisticated and alluring, witty and outrageous, bold and daring enough to be true material. weigel jane -- while julie was stockley the files jane was taking a crash course in espionage learning everything from forgery, cartography, cryptography to the fundamentals of what they call raúl operations, how to create a subversive propaganda in the campaign to demoralize the enemy and create dissent.

another colleague that became a great friend of julia was named betty mcdonald. she had grown up in honolulu and she had been a young reporter and one of the very first on the scene after the pearl harbor attack. she was recruited by the o.s. tests because of her working knowledge of japanese and wartime experience. she and julia would disappear -- shia and jane would disappear weeks of the time on orientation courses and small arms courses they learn how to master this thompson should machine gun. she is desperate to get france but after 17 years of high school and college french she discovered she couldn't speak a word. she had no special skills to recommend for overseas service so when the word went out that donovan was looking for warm bodies come anybody to help set up and running a network of new intelligence bases in india, burma and china she immediately volunteered. she didn't care where she went as long as she got to go and

there was a shortage and the newly formed oss was woefully understaffed. it's important i think to remember when you think of the oss, you generally think about the paramilitary and collaboration. they get all the glory. you think of the images of agents parachuting behind enemy lines. but the fact of the matter is of the 13,000 employees about 4500 of which will women, the vast majority spent their time writing reports, collecting and analyzing information and planning missions so the fact that many of the of the boxter activities could be conducted from behind the desk meant they could be equally as effective. and so one of the majority of the women did remain in washington helping to support the far-flung missions, a very small percentage went overseas and an even tinier percentage into the active operations but

the small percentage the did go overseas like jeanne and julianna and betty the character assignment with the same mixture of audacity, self-reliance and seat at the pants and should be that donovan inspired and every one that worked for him. julia got her wish generally 1944 and she joined the operatives sent to india. but on the month long boat trip, her trouble orders were changed and she ended up being rerouted because the dashing supreme commander of the combined operations decided it would be nicer not to mention much cooler place for his wartime headquarters. candy which was a mountaintop resort that had once been 80 planter oasis wasn't a hardship post. tied in the hills of was a good 1,000 miles from the fighting it had a little buddhist temple and a scenic lake. where you could get a boat and

go rolling with your boyfriend. the female was put in the july and colonial hotel called the queens hotel. it was run down and overrun with rats and mosquitos but looked very grand. the office headquarters detachment of the oss was house on an old tea plantation a little out of town and was made up of the scattering of the bamboo huts. palm trees and the neat little paths running between the bungalows and a little green tennis court made the whole place seem like an island retreat than the wartime headquarters. while the setting was romantic julia's job was anything but. she was put in charge of the oss registry known as the nerve center and it contained all of the most top-secret documents. the military plans and operations from the joint chiefs of staff in washington, the code books as well as locations of all of the missions are now the

world and the real identities and various code names of the oss agents in the field. it was an important job. it carried a great response of the peace and came with the highest security clearance. julia joked she even developed the top-secret twitch from handling such highly sensitive material. so while she was never in operational agent going behind enemy lines, she did become a very able and effective intelligence officer. by her last few months in china where she served in a remote military outpost at the burma road, she was working through very, very difficult and sometimes dangerous conditions. she carried on three devastating flood that swamped the base, the raging cholera epidemic and occasional outbreak of crossfire from the chinese revolution that was over running their camps. by the end she was a seasoned veteran of the oss, and she would go out slices of opium to

that agents from a large loaf which she said reminded her of the boston brown bread but which the oss staffers euphemistically referred to as the operational payroll. now julia would often say later looking back at the war meet me. it was her personal and political coming of age. in future with confidence and curiosity about life, and it is where she met her mentor and soul mate paul child and embarked on a life altering romance. julia .net paul who designed the rooms for the allied generals on the tea planters bungalow, and she was immediately smitten. he was 41, a decade older and a head shorter. he was will weary, with long and somewhat difficult. his colleagues regarded him as a loner, moodie and said in his ways, not an easy man, julia confided to the diary. an artist started out by

skipping college and running off to work as a sailor and spoke impeccable french come he was a self-taught photographer from a black belt in judo, house builder and a jack of all trades. he considered himself a connoisseur of the finer things in life. art, food, fashion, poetry, women. he romanced the prettiest oss officers and detach it and after his initial advances rebuffed became the very best of friends with jane foster who he described in his diary as a wild messy girl always in trouble from always irresponsible. he adored and at my ear to her. jane had become famous or infamous overnight and ceylon for her inspired scheme to release propaganda materials and encased in the silver decks. her plan was to have a submarine release floating rubbers off the coast of malaysia and indonesia and the wood float ashore bearing their friendly messages

of allied support. [laughter] donovan was skeptical but he gave her the green light. during the year they were all in ceylon, jane and paul became inseparable and julia was left to pine for the man who took little notice. although it pained her she wrote in her diary she knew he wasn't attracted to her and like a more worldly bohemian types. she was not wrong in guessing that he didn't reciprocate a feeling. he wrote long letters to his twin brother, charles, in which he raved about her mad personality and hilarious wartime escapades. and he would note in passing that julie was a nice girl with good legs. he dismissed her as a grown-up little girl noting that 31 julia was an inexperienced and overly emotional and a virgin and was busy trying to be brave about being an old maid. not one to give up and sold, however, julia went on. and in 1945, she and paul were

transferred to china while james stayed behind where she was training native agents and running subversive radio broadcasts. seizing her chance, julia monopolized paul's attention and went exporting to the out of velte areas venturing to all kind of back alley chinese die of this. and she tried to prove her mettle by daring to eat exotic devotees from baby frog legs to pig's knuckles. now these resulted in days of dysentery commonly known to the oss as the rapids and the shanghai shits. [laughter] sorry can i say that on c-span? by the end of the war she was head over heels in love, and paul, well, paul was still on the fence. she feared they were from very different backgrounds and he dreaded meeting her right wing father. he worried julia would revert to being a pasadena socialite at

the end of the war. and he suggested they return to the peace time lives and see how they like each other in civilian clothes. so they returned to the states and went their separate ways, paul back to washington, and juliet to california and she embarked on the mission to win him over. she subscribed to "the washington post" and "new york times" much to her father's work so she could read what paul read. she even took up the novels of henry miller he felt rather x-rated by which paul adored and she took her first cooking lessons so she could make a homemade meal when he came to visit. after six months in the correspondence paul had succumbed to her charm. he allowed his heart to overrule -- his head to overrule his heart and they were married in september, 1946. in 1948, two years later they moved to paris. paul went to work for the the

united states information service which is a branch of the state department and julia continue cooking lessons of the kornbluh school. the connected with their old friend jane in paris who was a painter and they found her married to a very odd russian man but as paul wrote in his diary that day jane was just as sleazy, in practical and global as she had always ben. the happiness of the reunion was short-lived however as they were embroiled in the red spots a scare and only a few years after the war the euphoria of the victory had been replaced by the new fear about the spread of communism and the cold war. after the fall of china to the red in 1949 when mao zedong led the communists and set up the people's republic and an increasing number of officials in the truman administration became convinced communism posed a real threat to the american security. by the end of 1950 despite fever gripped the country.

alger hiss was convicted of perjury, klaus contest and julia rosenberg were arrested on espionage as charges. by 1953 after three years of unrelenting media coverage, the rosenbergs got the chair. all of this seemed to comfort to people in the government that there were spies on every nook and corner in washington. as the journalist richard up once observed senator joseph mccarthy was a political speculator who found his oil gusher in communism. he kicked off his anti-communist crusade in 1950 with a speech in west virginia in which he claimed to have had in his hand a list of 205 known communists currently employed in the state department. julianna and paul were on the road to their new post when the book burning and finger-pointing began. .org by everyone from daschle senate to their close friend the journalist teddy white who covered china from the "time"

magazine were banned from the shelves of the uss libraries in europe. paul had to take the books off and see that they were destroyed. rumors about where mccarthy's tactics might lead spread like wildfire. julianna and paul watched in dismay as one after another of the foreign service officers they served with in china among them some of their very closest friends were accused of disloyalty and forced out while others quit in disgust. somehow, the victory in china was now being seen as part of a master kremlin plot in able to buy a bunch of secret communists within the state department known collectively as the china hand. at the same time jay edgar hoover, the ambitious set of the fbi was out to destroy general donovan's reputation when he viewed as a threat to his espionage empire. donovan to protect his former staff started a burning of the

oss records of his former personal knowing any of them like jane and paul had been left of center. julieanna and paul's poignant letters in this period captured the atmosphere of fear and paranoia that permeated the small diplomatic circles. julia considered mccarthy to be a desperate power maunder, she wrote, and believed that campaign of innuendo and intimidation was destroying the country that she left. i am terribly worried about mccarthyism, she wrote to her friend in 1954. what can i do as an individual? it's frightening. i'm ready to bear my breasts, small as they may become a stick my neck out i will turn my back on anyone. we will sacrifice husbands and finally self. inevitably, jane foster and paul child became caught in the buzz saw of the mccarthy red spots

hunt. april 7th 1955 paul received a telegram summoning him to washington. their old friend, the reckless and flamboyant jane foster was being investigated by the fbi as a russian spy. when she was arrested in paris, the authorities ransacked her apartment and found paul child's name in her address book. paul and julia found themselves in the middle of a terrifying nightmare, full-scale in espionage investigations, with the interrogations' and a drawn-out internal state department loyalty inquiry. friends, family, neighbors and former employers were questioned about paul's past. his communist proclivities, his loose bohemian lifestyle and his latent homosexual tendencies. if you want to have a verbal front, he wrote julia in despair, try to prove the two fbi guy is that you are not a

lesbian. how do you prove it? julianna and paul decided they wouldn't be intimidated and they chose to stand by their friends and their principles no matter what the cost. in the chaotic months to come the would have to endure the shame of being accused as well as the suspicion paul brightly predicted would always place a black marked by his name and curtail his career advancement. ultimately they would also have to come to a very painful decision about whether geneina was a soviet spy or the victim of an overzealous fbi and unscrupulous the allegiant. without giving away the whole story, i'd like to say that in the point of this book was to examine the complex issues that this close-knit group had to face in that controversial historical era and to explore the intriguing ways that personalities become destiny and how these too adventurous california girls who came to be

more time friends and intelligence colleagues came to meet such different fate one becoming a beloved american icon and the other ending at a lonely exile in france. thank you. [applause] do we have any questions? >> no questions? great. well, yes. [inaudible] >> it took about three years. i have a great deal of material that speeds up the process and i was right into the period and the characters. but the last book i did was from the british tide, and so this one was more from the american

side and it really is based on paul and julia's diaries and letters and there is such a wonderful correspondence between the two that i had a vast and colorful archive to work with. espinel all the families were cooperative and some of them even of minor characters in the book who were oss colleagues of theirs who were on the route to india and work for them in ceylon and china people gave me their letters and their diaries so the very vivid descriptions in the book to get a lot of dialogue and have a love scenes that make you feel as though you are there and the reason is they are drawn from so many diaries because i have some characters and eliminate the number of characters the name, but all of the incidents were true and happened, and julia stood out for obvious reasons for her

height and a very vivacious personality in the gene because she was outrageous and infamous during her time there solis devotee of a story to tell and in anecdote that they remembered. >> they were from families. after that, jane foster's family offered me personal letters and diaries. there's a huge archive julia child left to harvard. other families also provided me with letters and diaries, and then i did an enormous amount of research in the military libraries where i found all the telegrams and intelligence reports that they filed. many of julia's meadows, jean foster's reports, all of their superior reports about them so i could tell you where they were

and what they were doing much of the time they were a broad and then they all stayed close friends and they kept exchanging letters throughout 50s, so even after the war i was able to keep up with them and they were very frank in these letters, they were very moving about the fear of losing their jobs and what is happening to their friends, you can get a feeling for the time. >> during the time of the inquisition in washington were people sympathetic with the american people sympathetic to julia child's? was there any record of how they responded to her being taken of vintage -- >> it was paul that was taken in for the loyalty inquiry, and because they didn't know what was happening julia was in europe, they were living in germany at the time and he of this telegram summoning him back and the telegram was very vague and in fact they fought in the beginning perhaps he was going

to be offered a promotion and then when he got their nobody would talk to him and meet his eyes or tell him what he was doing there and in some serious trouble and then he was pulled in for this very long fbi. i don't know what's going to become of me. and that went on for almost a month. and then they are able to unite again in paris, and was several more months until he managed to get himself cleared, the in fact they continually investigated him for the next year. so it didn't become public in that sense there were not headlines about it. in fact the sad thing is hundreds and hundreds of people were under investigation in the 50's. remember the hollywood ten had already happened. charlie chaplin had an investigation -- under investigations for months and had fled to europe.

so you have high-profile people there were under investigation every day, and so paul child's didn't make the news. julia wasn't famous yet. she hadn't published her cookbook, they were not celebrities but her friends knew. everybody in the state department knew and was humiliating and terrifying, and paul rightly predicted his career would probably not recover from it. >> [inaudible] -- by the committee investigators >> he was subjected to the inquiry that was the fbi investigated him. the united states information service investigated him, his past going back ten years and all that but he wasn't dragged

before the senate subcommittee. in the end, even though they thought he was about as little as you could get without being a communist, and they thought he was probably a, sexual and accused him of all kind of other sorts of nefarious acts. julia was from a very wealthy right-wing family, and her father was one of the early supporters of nixon and she pulled every string she could in washington and she was finally cleared. >> what role did paul play in the celebrity? >> that's an interesting and complicated question to answer. if you look at the arc of the relationship she was a very insecure and unexperienced girl when he met her and she turned

herself inside out to become someone that he would like and admire your and perhaps one day would love so in a way he became her mentor he educated her and she'd for interest and through that she took up cooking and fell in love with french cuisine and emerge from that a different person, much more confident, outspoken and a very charismatic individual and credited him so much with that that when she became a celebrity virtually overnight with the publication of her cookbook you know she worked on it will he support of her for about ten years it took the first cookbook and was an overnight success and she literally stepped from being a nobody into the limelight and becoming a celebrity. it is interesting she always used the plural. we did this, we did that. and referring to herself as paul because i think of the enormous debt of gratitude she felt she

owed him. >> how did you get interested in this genre. >> i from the war family. my grandfather was the president of harvard when world war ii top in the early days of world war ii he was appointed by roosevelt to be one of the men that led the organization of the manhattan project and the development of the bomb. so i grew up in the far east and at cambridge surrounded by wartime scientists and politicians and the man that led the war effort and so i think i got hooked on war stories at an early age and war movies at an early age and it just stuck >> what other books have you written?

>> i wrote a book called tuxedo park, and that was about a group of citizens who congregated in a secret laboratory in the tuxedo park new york and began experimenting with radar and ultimately they would lead the wartime project that developed the systems that helped win the war in europe. then i wrote a book about the development of the bomb in los alamos called 109 east how less than a book about british spies and the development of the oss, and that was called the regulars. >> so you can sort of see the theme. >> de leedy in the pink. yes. >> what happened to jane? >> can't tell you, you have to read the book. but i'm glad you're curious. you have to find out.

>> any other questions? yes, sir. >> after the investigations were over did they have better feelings towards the u.s.? i think that is one of the things that's very nice about the book is you see different people's reactions. devotee mcdonnell went through this whole process as well in fact she was married to colonel hasner who had been their boss and he helped donovan dern cspi -- dern the papers of the oss personnel be for the fbi could get them. but she, as well as julieanna and paul never became bitter about the u.s.. they were very bitter about that period and they really hated mccarthy, but they stayed during optimistic in the ability of people to learn and change, and after all they all returned to united states and lived very happily in the united states

from 1960 and on so they were not bitter about that, but the did have very sad and complicated feelings about the 1950's. even though that is when so much good happened to juliet and her career. she would always have very mixed feelings about that period of time. >> we have time for a couple more questions. >> [inaudible] how helpful was the government to you in getting information? or on helpful? [laughter] >> well, you don't want to say unhelpful. that's kind of an active term. the naked hard for you. i had to order all the speed of documents and then from almost every character in the book the fbi files. now jean foster's fpi file was

more than 60,000 pages. if you can imagine. now as you get further in the book you'll meet a number of the other characters whose files or longer. as you get the papers and packets of 200 at a time company to double check and we and it takes about three months. it's an arduous process to go through the freedom of information act request. you don't get everything, and when you do get the fbi files the dark redacted, a lot of blackouts and then you can go through another set of appeals to argue they should give you those papers, so it is a never-ending process. i have a feeling i'm going to be receiving fbi files on paul and jane from years to come. >> i hope i don't find anything

shocking. >> since the the such letter writers do julia and paul ever write a letter to mccarthy? >> not that i know of so it's not possible but i wouldn't think so. they pretty much hated him on sight and it only got worse the road and all of lot of letters though. there's just reams of angry screens against him in the letters and the diaries and it's actually just fascinating to read how it darkens from the 1930's through the hollywood ten when they watched all that persecution of the artists and directors and actors in hollywood. to see the fear and anxiety deepened and it's compelling reading. >> thank you so much for coming. [applause]