the way to sort of reform within and find some technocrat. there's another problem is a systemic one of all of the southern african nations that fought on the entire colonial war for of where you had political parties that came into power they're still in power in south africa and libya and mozambique and it is in the interest of anyone of them did any other of them lose power of a precedent so that is the law laid political conflict >> host: for the sake of zimbabwe i hope this solution soon. thank you very much, for being with me today.

.. which occurred on december 16, 1773. a report a demonstration against the collection of import duties by the british was composed mostly of smugglers and tax invaders. mr. unger spoke and took questions for about an hour.

>> there is nothing so easy is to persuade people that they are badly governed. those words were spoken by the 18th century massachusetts governor thomas hutchison and i look to you more about him later. let me tell you what else he said because his words hold true today as much as they did then in 1774. governor hutchinson said you can take the happiest and most comfortable people and use malicious, rhetorical skills to arouse popular discontent with their government, with their rulers, everything around them, even themselves. this is one of the weaknesses he said. these are his words. this is one of the weaknesses of human nature which ambitious politician make use to serve their purposes. a year before he uttered those

words, a group of boston rabble-rousers had convinced americans they were mr. bowles and those who think they are miserable arseneau. despite all real evidence to the contrary. now i doubt if there is a single one of today's so-called tea party patriots who knows with the original tea party and tea party about. far from being patriots, those original tea partiers were mostly smugglers. some of them among the wealthiest man in america, christians. among them, john hancock. yes, the john hancock is both signature and the declaration of independence left his name synonymous with the word signature. before he put his john hancock on the declaration of independence, he was arguably -- arguably the wealthiest merchant

anchoring america living in an opulent mansion on top of boston's beacon hill with a commanding view of the masters of landscaping seascape. far from espousing his fellow merchants in new england governed their businesses and communities with economic worthlessness that often left competitors homelessness. by today's tea party movement, the colonial tea party had almost nothing to do with tea. tea was nothing more than a social beverage for wealthy men in. it ranked out of the riches they consume most. the tea party movement to start the american revolution actually began 20 years earlier in the

50s and 60s with new england business leaders like today's tea partiers supported a costly cover corporate refuse to pay higher taxes to cover the cost of the war. the war had started in the early 1750s and overpopulation in the east british settlers pouring over the appalachian mountains into what was then french territory. prints at the time claimed all of canada the land around the great lakes, and the lanes around on either side of the ohio and mississippi rivers valley in the gulf of mexico. in 1753, the governor of virginia said a young major named george washington and most americans don't know this.

they sent 21-year-old major george washington 242 came from a french court that sat on the site of present-day pittsburgh before the students started playing pictures they are. washington ordered the french to leave. the french refused in the following spring washington returned with troops and attack again most americans do about this, but washington fired the first shot in what he can do world's first true world were. his attack on the french and the western pennsylvania wilderness group that would last seven years and above england, france, austria, russia and a dozen other nations fighting for control of colonies in north america, africa, asia and the season between. the seven years war change the map of the world, shifting national borders in europe and

africa and india and elsewhere. towns and villages in europe show remained more than a million soldiers in civilians and bankrupt due to destinations including england and france. it started in north american colonies in the reduce government and british people naturally thought british subjects in british north america should share the cost of the war with their fellow citizens in britain. in fact, the government had raised property taxes so high in britain that farmers rioted in protest and demanded that americans pay their fair share of the work. in 1764 come the british government extended to the colonies a stamp tax that everyone in britain have been paying for more than 70 years.

he denied to next to nothing for the average citizen, a penny or two for a stamp attached legal documents, publications and the packages of such nonessential products is laying cards. the harshest effects of this however remembers on three powerful special interest groups to have them back then, too. these recruits for the merchants, publishers and lawyers. the merchants had to put a stamp on every purchase order, every bill of sale. publishers had to put a stamp on every newspaper and magazine and lawyers had to put a stamp on every legal document, deep, wilson such. to cover politically ambitious bostonians, james otis junior and sunil adams junior saw an opportunity to make money and to gain political power by organizing mobs of unemployed

waterfront workers to protest the stamp tax and there were many of these workers left after the end of the seven years war. doing some public support for the protest they cope under the theater of constitutional rights. americans had no representation in parliament and for parliament to tax them without such representation of the constitution. they were under these mobs, under the secret area of the merchants and newspaper publishers. adam sinned, o dissent is months are terrorized britain to the waterfront. they sent tax collectors, burned their homes from preventing ships from landing. gradually, they close the waterfront and close boston to

almost all british ships. adam sandler to political leaders and other coastal cities. he is absolutely filled with a sense of power and he wanted to gain more. he convinced other cities to follow suit. he soon found harbor front up and down the coast aurore wrightson gained national rep temptation is a great revolutionary leader. merchants meanwhile stopped importing british goods. within months, british manufacturers and exporters observed huge financial losses. reduce trade fell by 50% and the british merchant, british exporters demanded the parliament repealed the stamp tax in america to restore trade relations. 1765, parliament did just that in turn sam adams and james otis and two euros and boston and elsewhere in america.

not just who are these heroes? both were from wealthy families and like many of the wealthy new englanders, they were harvard graduate. we all make mistakes. if it got to yell they would've behaved themselves and gone out and gotten decent jobs. adams was the son of boston's largest brewer. you still see the name, but the current sam adams beer has nothing to do with the original brewery. his father died when sam was 36. until then, senate and to eat lazy to another piñatas done and now he has to take control of the brewery and quickly ran into bankruptcy. he allowed the family mansion to deteriorate. he seemed unconcerned with earning money. he married, fathered two children and after his wife's death this champion of liberty upon himself a slave and raised

his children in abject poverty. friends of his father found in a cynic here an easy job is a city tax your insurers enough to earning his children enslaved. within a short time his lechers showed a shortage of 8000 pounds, representing tax monies yet either failed to collect or had embezzled and he was later convict date of embezzlement. as for otis, he was a young lawyer who felt deeply humiliated when the royal governor failed to appoint his father, james otis senior, as chief justice of the colony because the clear conflict of interest, young otis grew a rational, swearing undermined government retaliation. i shall set up robinson playing, even if i die in the attempt he shouted. as his anger fester, he edged

towards his vanity, wandering into a boston tavern frequented by british officers to provoke a fight. while officer was funded by clubbing him over that with the broadside of his sword although he recovered from the physical wound, he drifted in and out of insanity for the rest of his life. at times he would poke his head out of the window and start firing into the park at unseen british enemies. one time he wandered into the state assembly, drew his sword and challenged the prime minister of england to come to boston and fight is too low. eventually friends tightened down in a chair and carried him to the insane asylum. despite adams' depravity and notices insanity, the stamp act protest left items in command of a powerful force of armed hugs and boston.

but the repeal of the stamp act left britain still choking from economic problems. the british government remained in with a large army in america to protect americans without any financial support from the americans. so british chancellor of the exchequer, charlestown flamed with the equivalent of our secretary treasury came up with a scheme to counter the adams otis argument of taxation without representation. he was an electric tax americans. glass, lead, tape, tape or nt. he reasoned that duties would be less painful for ordinary americans who could avoid paying them by simply using homemade substitute. farmers and their families and 95% of americans were lived on farms.

farmers already produced most of their own clothes, wood utensils and tools for many of the things they need it. the people most affected by it that duties for the wealthy who loved their beautiful british and european furniture and furnishings, and their wines and fancy gourmet food. so when the british impose duties to pay for the war that duties effective, the richest colonials, not the poor or middle classes. it affected those who are profiting most from the war, merchants, bank owners. other towns in that duties did not upset ordinary americans. the inferior he did the rich are rich and shipowners who resolved to evade their taxes by smuggling. they did this site does not vote because they were patriots. they decided to smuggle out of greed firm profits in the proof

of their motives became evident to everyone when the british finally won the war against the french in north america. at reddish troops comb through the wreckage of french fortifications, they found that most of the french weapons had been smuggled through british naval blockades by the same new england shipowners ribbon. military supplies to the british army. these british subjects, these merchants were smuggling arms to both sides in the war, to the enemy as well as their own army. to cloak their trees then come the smugglers transformed themselves into outspoken patriots claimed that they didn't oppose taxes as long as they had a vote in establishing tax laws. although that reads very well in today's history books for children, the argument was nonsense.

it was nonsense and end its nonsense now. few taxpayers in england had any representation in parliament. if you didn't own property and only one minya of the 9 million adult males in britain were entitled to vote. fair or unfair, to make a of parliament didn't alter britain's state for money to pay for the war or the obligation of every citizen to pay for the war, to pay taxes. the wealthiest of american colonists had profited handsomely from the war without pain for its cost. when the same merchants begins smuggling to evade taxes, the british government of justified, fully justified in cracking down. still puffed up with pride from his triumph in the stamp tax proactive than merchants to sponsor another wave of protests

from merchandise they had before and the defenders of liberty, adams waterfront, thugs swarmed through boston's streets, burning the homes of opponents in dragging those loyal to the legitimate government to let the thugs called the liberty tree to be stripped, swathed in scalding tar, covered with feathers and hung from a branch and subjected to unmentionable agonies and humiliations. adams is searching for my mugs cities when british troops marched into boston to crash the writers, adams and the merchants retaliated by organizing an nationwide boycott of all british import. within a year, exports to america fell by 50% and as they had during the stamp act craze says, british merchants forced parliament to repeal the town finance to restore trade with america. unfortunately parliament acted

too slowly to avoid the same boston massacre. the presidents troop in boston's streets had some incense the population that unruly elements turned the red coat soldiers into targets first eventful than snowballs and stoned and other missiles. the trooper redcoats finally retaliated and fired their rifles into a threatening mob one night, killing five civilians, all of them who turned out to be sam adams folks from the waterfront. nonetheless, it threatened to become a citywide riot and to prevent a real civil war there. governor thomas hutchison immediately ordered the officer in the soldiers involved in the incident jail and brought to trial for murder. defending them were none other than the respected american lawyers, josiah quincy and john adams is president van.

neither quincy nor adams were tories, nor were any members of the jury. they were all local farmers. and they voted unanimously to acquaint the officer and for the soldiers that found the other two soldiers guilty of justifiable manslaughter, a little more than a misdemeanor. just as important now, the trial exposed the role of sam adams and james otis junior inciting the mob and boston citizens decided they had enough of this spirit enough violence and enough of sam adams. they voted him out of office and sent otis back to the famous island. the army command felt the same way. there troops they said come to america to fight the enemies of the colonists, not the colonists themselves who are after all their own countrymen. so the army pulled out of boston

and peace returned to boston and the rest of the colonies. troubles between britain and her colonies should have ended then and there. everyone living happily ever after under the union jacket. except, except one tiny area that remained in the economic relationship with the motherland and repealing the townshend duties, the small group of angry parliamentarians decided they needed to retain some symbol of what they insisted was parliament absolute authority to tax all british subjects with or without their consent. although parliament had yielded to all the demands of the americans, its majority felt it had to retain at least one of the townshend duties as a symbol of it already so it retained the smallest most innocuous one, the

one on tv. wow, what a colossal miscalculation. as i said before, t. was nothing more than a woman social beverage in american homes. few americans drink even a cup of tea a day. in any case the tax on tea was negligible. about one 10th of 1 penny for a 9-penny cup, ninepence. that's a big tax about 1100th of 1%. but as thomas hutchison put it, from so small i start, a great fire was kindled in his flames would eventually destroy a great empire and start the rights of another from its actions. as you may have guessed, even the small tea tax bill so much into the profits of america's largest team orders said they

resumed smuggling. of course british customs officials taking the anti-smuggling enforcement and after the british seized one of john hancock ships for nonpayment of duties, hancock reopened this cache store to sam adams and that incentives paid out to vandalize and destroy the shops and homes of anyone who sold her drink imported tea from britain or even reported by someone as having tea. so if your neighbor hated you, he just call somebody over and say he's drinking british tea and the house would be burned down. the tea boycott spread to other new england port cities and down the atlantic coast to new york, philadelphia, charles and another ports. this was the original tea party movement. wasn't patriotic and it wasn't pretty or glorious.

they climaxed on thursday december 16, 1773 just before christmas with the legendary boston tea party and the dumping of about a million dollars worth of british tea. the people who dumped them amounted to about six, 7000 men, who knows exactly how many repair. many disguise themselves as indians. ironically, these white colonists who willingly slaughtered any american indian on-site disguise themselves as indians that were a symbol of freedom. regardless of his phony symbolism, the participants in the boston tea party unleashed social, political and economic upheaval that they would never again be able to control. the tea party to vote to party to vote to bring a tear in boston and american cities inflicting unimaginable barbarities on each other.

mob stabbed and burned tea ships in new york, philadelphia, charleston. boston's staged a second tea party after the first one. the moms booked no dissent. they burned the homes of anyone they suspected of favoring british rule and sent their traded tendril and imitation of the inquisition coach to the doors of citizens who dared support for their church, their country and their legitimate established government. the squeaky wooden tip card, its drivers breaking down doors and dragging shaking victims from their beds for transport to the liberty tree. bob always awaited them strip them, tar and feather them and having them with a rope around their waist from a branch be scorned and humiliated. this was no fight for liberty

for independence. this was a civil war between british subjects over the extent of state authorities and the rights of the individual. independents did not end that conflict. the colonial tea partiers and those who supported them were essentially libertarians who had no businesses, carveout arms from the wilderness on their without government help and they were not about to share profits of their labor within the government tax heirs. independents did not change matters. almost immediately after britain recognized our independence, farmers across the nation, massachusetts, new hampshire, maryland, virginia began writing against government taxation. this time taxation by their own elected government in each state. it was the same conflict between the collect the rights of the

state, authority of the state versus the rights of the individual. taxation by any state, any government invariably deprived the individual of some of its properties, forcing him to contribute involuntarily to his community's defense and other essential services and sometimes nonessential services. his postal service and essential government functions of private industry do a better job. public =tranfour and essential government service or should we be but in private hands? these are questions we still debate. although the ratification of the constitution and creation of the federal government answered some of these questions and calm things down a bit, they rep it again into all-out civil war in the mid-19th century when many americans felt the federal government had used state and local powers.

slavery was central to the civil war, but northerners tend to oversimplify the nature of the conflict, even americans who opposed slavery in the north as well as the south and supported emancipation recognize the emancipation proclamation with all its good intentions also represented government confiscation of property. it's horrible to think of human beings as property, but they were in the civil war didn't and that conflict. it flared up again during the civil rights movement in the 20th century when the federal government essentially easter authority over education and again during the viet aomori when the executive has served authority to bring the nation to war in the debate continues today with the emergence of a modern tea party movement that is trying to halt and even refers expanding federal government intrusion into our daily lives.

the problem that tea partiers today faced is that one man defines as government intrusion, another man defines as an essential subsidy to the national economy. i'm sure that farmers, if you ask a farmer today for a highway engineer for an oilman, the definition of a boondoggle, they are not going to say agricultural subsidies, subsidies for the oil industry or subsidies for highway construction. we can only hope that the growing tea party movement today doesn't divide the nation and produced the conflict it did in the 18th century. at the time, massachusetts chief justice, peter oliver describe the horrors produced by the colonial tea party movement in his memoirs.

atari and feathery and riot raid on control, liberty of the press was restrained at the very men who had been alluding for liberty. those printers who are inclined to support government were threatened, their presence destroyed in all this uproar arose from the selfish designs of the merchant, mark patriot to disguise to their private use by now the net for liberty, but who were willing to sacrifice everything for money. ..

was the last royal governor of massachusetts, thomas hutchinson, whose forebears arrived in america in 1634 and include in the great religious leader and hutchinson. he adored this country. it belonged to him as much as it did to sam adams. more so, he had served this country and its government. sam adams had never done that. before hutchison died, he wrote these words. i am sometimes tempted to forget the ayman american and to turn my views from my native, turn my

views towards life in england. but my passion for my native country returns and though i know not how to reason upon at i feel with a fondness to lay my native american soil. justice peter oliver also from an american family pled to england and lies buried there. george washington and other respected american leaders across the country condemned the boston tea party as vandals and then ended in jail and faded into obscurity at the british government not responding so rationally and violently by sending troops back to boston by cornering troops in private homes of phyllis as well as boon rebels military command seemed to declare war against all americans and that provoked

almost the entire massachusetts citizenry into open rebellion. lexington followed with americans discovering the importance of the individual right to bear arms. then came the bunker hill, and that was followed by a declaration of independence by the massachusetts legislature. virginia followed suit after patrick henry stirring call for liberty or death in the declaration of war against britain. it's called echo across the continent and roused so many americans that on july 4th, 1776 all of 13 states declared independence from britain. and who were those original tea party years? who were the man on the ships who set off this explosion that sparked the revolution and helped bring down one in pierian create another? who boarded those ships and dumped the tea in boston harbor?

sam adams, hancock at nine they swore never to reveal each other's names to prevent their arrest for treason in the immediate death on the gallows. while the names remain secrets for decades after the tea party, but they are now listed in my new book. if i believe the list will surprise you. one irony of the tea party, however, is that none of those who dumped tea into boston harbor rose to prominence on the government of the nation that emerged from the revolution and that is because the kind of men who lead a revolution and destroy governments, the rogues and france, sam adams and america seldom have the qualities needed to organize and build a new government or nation. they never merger. there instincts are to destroy,

to kill. and a second irony of the revolution that the tea party sparked is that instead of eliminating taxation it increased ten thousandfold. suddenly local governments have to pay for the cost of defense, law enforcement, postal services and all the other government services that the british government had paid for before independence. instead of paying a small single duty on tea, the imposed huge duties on every product that passed through and collected at. apart from the cost of the tea that was lost in the tea party that was dumped overboard, the boston tea party was undoubtedly the most costly tea party in the world history. thank you ladies and gentlemen. i would be happy to answer

questions. i'd be happy to answer any questions and the gentleman not there will have a microphone for you if kitfield to be heard - across the nation and the world. >> where did the original? -- originate? in europe or the colony? >> tarnow severin, no, it originated here as far as it wasn't a custom in england. yes, sir. >> was there any organized support in the colony, any of them which you would call loyalist? >> organized support for -- >> what he might call loyalists' supporting the -- >> across the nation at least one-third of the population were

absolutely loyal subjects of britain. and in the debate over independence in the continental congress only days before the declaration of independence john dickinson of philadelphia authored for the olive branch petition to the king pledging loyalty, the american loyalty to the king, the love of the king, the love of being british subjects and simply asking for him to control of parliament and let us raise our own taxes and keep the parliament out of our business. had he accepted the olive branch petition, we probably would have become a member of the british commonwealth. so there's a tremendous amount of loyalty and even if loyalist forces there was a major battle

that's often not mentioned and i don't know whether this is prejudice or what. but a major battle in moore's creek north carolina, not far from wilmington, north carolina. if the british fleet was going to land soldiers at wilmington for and a loyalist army formed inland and was marching towards the coast to join up with the british regulars a force of what were rebels but we call patriots intercepted them and massacred them at the creek which there's a blind college where the rebels were waiting for them and liked the sound. was a without phyllis support the british troops couldn't land and that kept the south free of british control for a few years until they landed at charleston. mr.? >> you mentioned the boston tea party spread south of new york

and other cities. it almost sounds as though there was a network of people who were had the same thought or were being inspired one way or another were were working together. i never thought of the boston tea party would be that. >> sam adams has set up because there was no other communication set up a series of committees of correspondence or instigated the formation of committees of correspondence in every major city in the country. and the start to communicating with each other and that's how the word was passed and we eventually decided on a continental congress for all of the committee members to meet in philadelphia and discuss independence. yes, ma'am.

>> the tea party in new jersey, was and that before -- >> i'm sorry to really can't hear you. >> the tea party at greenwich, new jersey, wasn't that -- didn't that happen before the boston tea party? >> which tea party? >> of the one at a greenwich new jersey. >> no, afterwards. there was another tea party i didn't mention the dumped the ship at greenwich new jersey which most people have never heard of and i must admit i never heard of it until i did research on this book but it's along the delaware river to philadelphia. yes, ma'am. >> can you talk about what source is used for writing the book and are the new ones or reinterpretations? >> nothing is new. the sources are almost endless, about the the equivalent of three of the shelves over there. i will say the diaries and the writings of john adams, the

writings of john adams are i think seven volumes of the diary of four volumes, the writings of sam adams, the writings of thomas hutchinson, all these people were prolific writers and kept diaries and kept all of the correspondence so it is a rich pool of research. >> all the information that you have disclosed, why was it a permit for so long? >> of the bits and pieces. the problem with american history, i think i can generalize all american history, but the history of the colonial revolutionaries war and post revolutionary war here is that its very complex, and as my son,

when my son was about 14 and came home from school and said you know something, dad, american history all they do is talk. it's a lot of action. all they do is talk. well, he's right. and the talk is very complex on very, complex issues that philosophers put both political interest, the leading philosophers have been debating for many, many years. this involved enormously important concept that have implications for the entire world, the divine right of kings, the divine right of aristocrats, slavery itself, the rights of the individual, this was the age of enlightenment and our revolution culminated the age of enlightenment in which these philosophers and authors and thinkers in the western for

heating what their rights of the individual, with the call the natural rights of the individual were all men born with equal rights as opposed to the divine rights of the kings won cities are very complicated issues and it convinced all this into a history book this thick that an adolescent has to get through in 26 weeks or by the for the length of the school year is so the authors of american history and especially the text that most americans grew up studying what have to condense it and make it simplistic. can you help relate what you're getting your next book on.

islamic my next book, actually my next book is going to have a very small readership, it's about [inaudible] who's the french playwright who was also a brilliant inventor, a brilliant thinker, brilliant spy, great libertarian and he organized, he convinced the french king by surreptitiously supporting the american revolution the french could undermine and weaken the traditional enemy of britain could be in the pants off of them and the seven year war and he was responsible for organizing the dummy corporations that in france have shipped surreptitiously shipped obsolete french arms, they were not obsolete over here they were obsolete in france from the seven year war useless arms, should come over here

surreptitiously to the american rebels and indeed he was responsible for the surprise victory at saratoga the arms had arrived in portsmouth justin times they were carried overland and they were about to beat us and suddenly the fall of farms came and we were able to turn the war around, so the book was called the improbable patriot and my book directly on this period will come out about a year and it's called the seven pillars of power and it's how george washington took this vague office of the presidency and turned it into what many now call the imperial presidency it was he, george washington.

>> you mention the name john hancock and the tea party. john hancock i.t. get is the leading merchant perhaps in the colony, what was his part in the boston tea party. >> he wanted no part of it. [laughter] he wanted to continue smuggling and making money. he was killed wealthiest merchant banker in america. there was no in this hemisphere that time, so the merchants everything was on the barter and merchants, large merchants like hancock would provide seed or tools to say a former or smaller merchant against for the futures and that's why the work of a merchant bankers because they were lending money and they were fulfilling the role of the modern banker as well as modern

merchant, and he was the largest. his uncle had built a business in the house of hancock was the largest merchant bank in america. now suddenly, these rye terse or all over the place and threatening in the merchant who does business with england and he tried to straddle the role as long as he could but as the mob's became more and more powerful and began burning down the mansions they burned down the mansion of thomas hutchinson , thomas hutchinson's father was a merchant banker and it was one of the most beautiful homes in america designed by indigo jones with a magnificent to appeal on top of the writers went out and burned the house down from top to bottom.

one of the writers in the diary describe how little to the ground. but they destroyed manuscript's that went back to america's founding. ploch ascent was a logical and amateur historian. after all he was a briefly educated man with advanced degrees in history and he wrote, and this is still available a three volume history of massachusetts from its very beginnings but the documents to support that history, the original manuscript from the early landings in massachusetts will destroyed hancock didn't want to happen to himself. he sat on the fence as long as he could and finally he had to get money to support adams and

he decided it would be more evident deutsch as for him to try to take control of the rebel movement which he eventually did. and when the massachusetts declared dependence he was elected first governor massachusetts that put him in control of the massachusetts independence movement and sam adams to the background and other constitutional convention to possibly three terms but never again was a figure of importance of other national or massachusetts history he became the governor of massachusetts, he was vice governor during hancock's last term at the beginning of the 19th century hancock the idea of exceeded to the governorship, he was elected

for one term and then he died, but he never again had any importance in american politics or state politics. we have time for one more question. we for the microphone, please. they knew each other the continental congress and they both served in the continental congress. so the new each other there. but john adams was a staunch conservative, and adams was a fiery radical. when -- sam adams got to the continental congress most of the congress did not call congressman, it was of the delegates gradually isolated him in the of the radicals and the had little to do in the continental congress at the

beginning of the war or during the war and indeed, sam adams, he couldn't organize his own business and his own home. he had no place, the continental congress had john hancock elected president in the continental -- first president was peyton randolph in virginia and he got sick in three or four months and john hancock became the first effective president of the congress, and when the articles of confederation were signed, he remained president of the congress and ergo the first president of the united states and in fact not in title the administrator would have to be to run the kind of business he did. it was a brilliant administrator and helped washington win the war if he had a very difficult time trying to organize to

purchase arms and material and because congress had no right to tax, no power to tax, so hancock had to send emissaries to europe to get loans and she was very successful doing it. >> thank you again, ladies and gentlemen. [applause] >> for more information, visit the author web site, harlowgilesunger.com. called on the of the hurricane might have from darkness to freedom with the foreword by nelson mandela, and your co-author is ken kulongoski. but let me read to you, you say here my main purpose in writing this book is to share with you that i have discovered the truth. >> to be the truth. the love of truth is the spirit of man, given where i was and for how long i was there and

this was incredible. i have no business at all being here now. >> guest: dressel the correct. >> host: uzi that you are in jail 40 something years. what do you mean by that? >> guest: >> guest: we were born into a prison. when we are born we are born as perfect beings. what possibly is intact. so we are also born into a world of sleeping people. where he to and war death and destruction in any quality reigns supreme. so we are actually born into a prison. so i was in that prison for the first 40 years of my life until i was able to wake up and get out of a prison in realize why really am.

>> host: that's come to you are in a second but for the viewers sake let's say that directly incarcerated in prison for about 20 years, 1964 or 653 >> guest: 1966. >> host: 66 to 85. and the charge was having murdered three people and wounding one in of our. >> guest: it's just not having murdered somebody. to be accused of murder is bad enough. but to be accused of being a triple racist murderer is doubly bad. that is what i was accused is a troubled racist murderer. all white people were killed. host was the charge you targeted because of their race? >> guest: because a black bartender in another part of town that might have a thought that this was a racially binge motive. but he also have to realize, at

that time, 1966, in the early 60's when the country was still segregating when black folks were not allowed to the to the restaurants in the right on certain parts of buses or drink out of the water fountain or have equal voting rights at the time kookaburra -- this lot was going on in this country at a time which is a terrible thing. and so that is what i was accused of being is a triple racist murder. >> host: in the book to write about being in a household which was violent and difficult facing your father across the living room with shotguns. >> guest: my family life wasn't violence. the violence was outside of the family life, but you have got to realize that in may i will be 74-years-old and so my mother

and father come from a generation where they thought that if a child his hands on his parents or even threaten their parents since they brought you into this world they would teach you out of this world as well. that was the type of society that i grew up in. >> host: described to the people that are watching that might want to read the book what you would be facing your father with a shotgun and he with a shotgun facing you. >> guest: because i was a very angry young man at that time, very angry. and i confronted my brother. my brother, james, who was a highly successful academic. i mean, he was going to harvard, he was one of the youngest to graduate harvard university with a phd. he later became the superintendent of schools of boston, and i was in and out

reformatory schools, so my father had to sort of choose between which one he's going to support, and i confronted my brother because when i came home from the military in 1956i heard that my brother was hanging out homosexuals and the children growing up when we were children all of these folks used to dress up on halloween like women and they looked better than the women on the streets, you know, some of you is on vacation from harvard university and they were doing the same thing. so i confronted my brother about that. and we start to fight and of course i beat him up and that is when my father got involved in this, and my father jumped because of that. and i pushed my father away and

told him don't put his hands on me and i would allow no one to put their hands on me in ander anymore. and so my father ran and got his shotgun and i ran and got my shotgun. this is the same thing that happened to marvin gaye and his father and that's why marvin gaye's father shot him and killed him, and had not been for my mother my father would have killed me as well. >> host: because your mother intervened and said you should get out of here. >> guest: get away. >> host: what's interesting here is you just described yourself as technically having been in jail for 20 years, 6065. but the violence and the whole lot of hatred that you describe, you say that has been a jail for you for 40 plus years until you discover yourself. let me read again from your book. this is an interesting moment because using you're going to be 74-years-old. you've been in jail. you also write here i was a

prizefighter at one point i was a soldier at one point and a convict at one point, a jailhouse lawyer at one point. it says here you were executive to victor of a group that was called a unai association of defense of the wrongly convicted at one point. today you are the ceo of the innocent international group. and it says but if i had to choose an epitaph to be carved on to my tombstone, remember this is rubin hurricane carter speaking, it will simply read he was just enough. now this came because somebody in the high school audience, you're speaking to these students, asking what you would want for your epitaph and now, you are a man -- bob dylan wrote a song about you. nelson mandela has written a foreword to this book and spoken about you, someone -- i know nelson mandela left boxing and talked to me about how he loved boxing. >> guest: he was a boxer himself. >> host: and they talk about someone like him who was in jail and has come out.