as surely as the human brain does. you can only play up a seat. in fact, it's a very inefficient way to plant apples as you know. apple sees themselves are fascinating. heterozygous. does anyone know if i pronounce it correctly? demeans every appleseed contains the genetic serial for every variety of apple never made. sophie planted appleseed -- if you have a delicious ale apple and save the season pentagram, your chances of getting a kill apple out of the trees are about one and 100,000. apple trees when you plant it had to do great battle with this canopy is a vigorous 70 feet sometimes and take 30 years to produce crop.

he was different to your bootlegger. apples were privately printed use of making hard cider vinegar. he wasn't selling apples. it was the dollar store business. pile them high and watch them play. sold them for pennies. not a bad model. any other questions click let me say just one little pitch at the end. i want to close by saying how lucky i've been at this book, let a genie wasn't for my publisher simon & schuster simon & schuster, editor alice mayhew were bound and determined to be not only good, the beautiful

boat. i think i think the cover is a beautiful cover. they did everything just right. the maps add enormously to the story and best of all for my point of view, they're in an original illustrations in this book there absolute magnificent and all done by my daughter. and so, thank you for enduring this. i appreciate it very much. [applause] >> arthur howard means looking at the lifeless land speculator and evangelist john chapman who became known as johnny appleseed. for more information, visit the website at howard means.com.

>> up next on booktv, subway discovers what took to the role. evangelicalism provided by a trip of good versus evil in north and south america as a politically mediated resolution between the two sides became unrealistic due to the inclusion of religion in political affairs. this lasts about an hour. >> 150 years ago today, the firing on fort sumter in charleston harbor launched for bloody terrible year as we know as american civil war. we realize the impact of that conflict has been felt in almost every area of our culture cents. it has shaped our nation in ways good and bad end remains a focal point for controversy, discussion and dispute for millions of people. if you have any doubt about

that, consider that just yesterday the placement of an historical plaque denoting the union burning of the lancet during the civil war was protested by the naacp because of its location in the middle of atlanta civil rights district was deemed to be insensitive. the war may be 150 years old, but the feelings that it generated are refreshed us this morning pauling. so today, this nation officially begins the commemoration of the civil war centennial. defendant serve as we begin here at the center early for this year with the intent of finding ways for examining the war and what it means to us that moves beyond the celebration of title field exploit and probe more deeply than castilla and reenactments. to that end, we are proud today to welcome dr. david goldfield

can't distinguish robert lee bailey, professor of history at the university of north carolina in charlotte. the just published book he brings to us is "america aflame," how the civil war created a nation, which is nothing less than a major narrative of the war and reconstruction that gives us ways to perceive some of the most fundamental wars of this history. jim kobler fadiman noted university georgia historian writes, that are goldfield's greatest achievement lives in ways which we are ready now. as you please join me in welcoming our special guest this evening, dr. david goldfield. [applause] >> thank you very much, bill.

there are too many places more beautiful in spring than george. glad to be here. thanks to the georgia center of the book -- for the book, for inviting me and thanks to you for coming out this evening. you know, several years ago i came out with a book called surviving civil war and in the research for that book, i found that religion was really central to our culture here. it wasn't the first time i have discovered that, but particularly for those who had fought in the war. and the second thing i discovered as many of those who came from the war on the confederate side came home maimed in mind and body. the war had profound impact on it. they beat the yankees experienced the same thing and maybe religion was important also, particularly evangelical

religion. and maybe the union soldiers also came home named in mind and body and it's not surprising that the first treated them what we call posttraumatic stress disorder, ptsd was in 1876. and they thought was civil war veterans. so surviving the water did not necessarily mean that surviving a cool. and so, i wrote this book, "america aflame." "america aflame" is dedicated to these men who fight and died, the men who came home who mourned their loss. i opened the book with the following paragraph. combat life no longer suited to stir mary john, port elizabeth perry signed in philadelphia had

converted to the catholic faith and entered the ursuline order at the age of eight teams in 1824. by all accounts, sister mary john was a gifted teacher and musician now the sweltering summer of 1834 at the convent school in charlestown massachusetts, she walked out. the oppressive heat oppressing 14 -- teaching 1445 minute classes a day, conducting music lessons and attending to administrative duties as the mother assistant, all of this became overwhelming for her. she needed some time off. you may be wondering, what in the world is a missing man have to do with the civil war? well, if everything to do with the civil war because sister

mary john would soon become a bit both evangelical protestantism. born the second great awakening which occurred at the beginning of the 19th century and swept spread throughout the country in the next several decades, evangelicals converted hundreds of thousands of people with a simple message that if you give your life to jesus christ as your personal savior, you will be saved. now, the problem i encounter in researching the origins of the civil war, was not in this very simple and beautiful message of evangelicals, but in the fact that evangelicals brought this message into the political process. thomas jefferson who wrote the first amendment to the can't do

shinned with the hope of james madison was crystal-clear under rule of church and state. in 1802, the congregation baptists in danbury, connecticut sent thomas a letter. when it be great if we could send an e-mail to the founding fathers and get a response back? in this case, they wondered what exactly did you mean that congress shall make no law establishing religion. what does this mean that this? he says here that adhering to this expression of the supreme will of the nation in behalf of consciousness as he goes on. the legislature should make no law respecting an establishment of religion or the free exercise thereof, best building a wall of separation between church and state. now here we have a picture in their sunday agronomist picture

and many of you can recognize what is wrong in this picture because this is a picture of a man holding her child. [laughter] most of you know that that probably doesn't work too well, at least in the roman catholic church. but none is maria monk. maria monk wrote this book called the awful disclosures of maria monk. right around the time that sister mary john disappeared. in this book, she talked about priests ravishing her and her convent, hence the child but when he went into the basement of the convent come you open a page in there with the bones of reported incidents as a result of the ravishing of the previous, the nuns. well, turns out everything maria monk wrote in this novel or memoir called the awful disclosures of the hotel of unitary, everything was false. there was not a word of truth in

it. but he became a best-seller. in fact, it was the nation's number one bestseller because "new york times" wasn't around then, but became the nation's number one bestseller in solitary teachers does uncle tom's cabin was in the 1850s. never underestimate the ability of the american people to believe almost anything. well, what happened to sister mary john is that protestant working men and charlestown, massachusetts became so exercised over her disappearance that they burnt down the convent. this is the ursuline convent in flames. but they were less concerned about sister mary john and the fact that the convent was built on a hill right next to bunker who. we all know bunker hill is a pretty sacred site of the american revolution and here you have this catholic convent. not only that, but this convent had 60 pupils, all-girls because

girls could not get an academic education in boston. the only place they could get an academic education to learn about history, science, math, literature was in the catholic schools. so you have 60 students, 60 students in this convent. 50 of them were protestant girls. protestant girls go to catholic schools and they'll become catholic. that's what happens to them. it was a time of increased immigration and the fear with it athletics day of their allegiance to the pope in rome and not to the president of the united states. not only that, but the roman catholics would not adhere to democratic forms because they were accustomed to hierarchy. they were accustomed to superiors in the church.

bombing beecher, whose daughter was harriet beecher stowe and his son was the greatest evangelist at his age, henry ward beecher and moved his family from cozy new england out of the wall frontier town of cincinnati because he wanted to save the west from roman catholics and wrecked in a seminary in cincinnati, but came back to boston periodically and he was the guy who preached the night before that this convent should be burned down. now, this occurred at a time when the westward movement had just begun and the westward movement had started the sacred element, particularly among evangelicals who believe that god had chosen america to be the new nation of israel, that america was god's chosen nation and part of being chosen ways to

span a condiment for in the atlantic ocean to the pacific ocean. this is not only responsibility for american citizens, but they were doing the work of god. you can see here on this painting that appeared in 1861, you can see the cross on the rock perhaps. make sure you don't point it at anybody, but you can see the cross on the rock. ..

>> also revolution in the streets of american cities. we had a street riot between two rival banks between one protestant and one catholic in the city of new york july 4th, 1857. of this was more than an the gangs of new york. this relates to the fact especially as the irish immigration increase is not much different from the way belfast was 1970's and early

'80s with protestants and catholics fighting with each other. mid you walk down the streets of new york in the 1850's, they would have told do try to tell you that conflict-- catholics are trying to take over that the pope would establish headquarters in cincinnati? [laughter] i don't know. you think the pope would have better sense that that. but that was the rumor. but to establish the headquarters of the jewish hospital in cincinnati. so far, these guys are

destroying the roman catholic church and talk about exterminating roman catholics the german protestant emigrate came over and was one of the great political correctness of good day to give us a santa claus, the democratic donkey and the republican elephant and and could not read in those-- the you may think these are crocs coming ashore but they are coming to take our children. in the background is not the white house but st. peter's cathedral.

appear it says tammany hall. [laughter] that was the democratic party organization the first major evangelical party founded 1854 and comes together the anti-catholic weighing of the party with the anti-slavery wing. here is the anti-catholic wing of the party even with roman catholicism in opposing to foreigners holding office and opposing the nunneries and the jesuits and the secret foreign orders and so on. good to restrict the rights of roman catholics to both

and to hold office. with the anti-slavery strain but when i say and i slavery keep in mind the republican party, most of the people did not care about slavery where it already existed. they wanted to keep the territories white and keep the slaves out of the territories. so the white men could have opportunity because they believe in a place where slaves go, whites cannot compete because slaves don't take wages. the republican party built the self as the white man party. now you have abraham lincoln who is debating stephen douglas and the famous 1858 senatorial campaign the

republican party slogan that year was vanquished such when despotism catholicism and slavery going hand-in-hand. abraham lincoln hated religious the adjuster at -- bigotry but it it was very effective among them base the base with the protestant working man in cities, and the small towns and farms across the northeast and the midwest and this resonated to this constituency the anti-catholicism. and he campaigned under the slogan that then by this

time america politics was becoming polarized the evangelical religion now all slavery and immigration and the catholic church became a moral issues. and the problem with our system of government is that it works best with compromise and moderation. our greatest results, the new deal legislation to civil-rights have occurred because we have governed from the center. when the center starts to erode, we get into trouble as a nation. we get gridlock and disrespect, and we don't get much progress in our country. this is what happened with the late 1850's. here you have a republican

in new york city in 1860 during the presidential campaign. there were 400,000 paramilitary groups, a 400,000 members called lot of wide awake that paraded around in these black oilcloth tapes and richards of the italian revolutionaries in italy and it was like a religious revival. they were not a political party 1860 coming it was a movement. but the problem ejecting -- injecting evangelical that they are not misguided firm misinformed but is evil. your opponent is a bad person because how do compromise with sen the? you don't.

here is abraham lincoln the candidate preaching with henry ward beecher from the church of rockland the leading evangelist at the time was invited to preach at his church in brooklyn but it never happened. nonetheless this poster was circulated throughout the country. again, sometimes, aren't you surprised the truth doesn't come out and politics? [laughter] and as a religious man and not just saying hi folks. he was preaching the gospel. that we have to get after the roman catholics.

by 1860 the southerners were defending slavery not only as a necessary evil he was ordained by god they save their souls of only to bring to christianity but provided them anomalies that also the burberry of africa if it was this in than god would take care that in his own good time did i need the help of the northern evangelicals to do it. we know what happened 150

years ago today here is a depiction of that war we get the word nasty from thomas nast. i think this picture does a good job have northern and seven years and you did the war as a holy war. then nobody good fight them then to make the war sacred that was god's well they are crusaders to liberate the holy land from the infidel but in this case in the south from the confederates.

the wars do have consequences for the consequences of a the war is of course, death. over the course of the civil war 620,000 young men died what i will do is read a passage from my book that summarizes this very well. >> war was death. and death was more. how to deal with the possibility as a soldier. how to process the reality if you were a friend or family member. howard you die with new-line

helpless in their words and fires about to consume new or a pig tears at your entrails were you lose your legs to the artillery shell and you know, that you will bleed to death? do think about the united states, the union's dates rates, a god, your family? lowered do plead for someone to shoot you? is a better to die a as your comrade did this morning as you eight breakfast together and the ball crashed into his brain and splattered over airplay? how do die a few are stretched on the hospital bed sweating from the for an infection while a young woman wipes your face with a cold cloth? and asked her if you are going to die and you do not hear the answer? before moving in and out of

consciousness catching her breath that every draw gasping and maybe fenders says jesus because that's what she writes to your family. how to have the black dimmed envelopes with the of official seal for richmond how do respond handle letter from a stranger or nurse or a comrade to assure you your husband or father or son died for his country, do you thank god? >> is this from germany 1945? no. america. 1864. the cost of war. it is easy to get into war. much harder to get out.

we know that. we also know there are many unintended consequences of war. and these are the unintended consequences of war. i bet to you say 4 million human beings are liberated? the union was saved. whether the questions i was like you to take away from reading my book is to ask was there a better way to accomplish this to kill 620,000 men to libris slaves it took more than a century for african americans so for

the fruits of full citizenship as the far as the union is concerned, it was already saved the north was a juggernaut and the south was the economic millstone around the neck of the nation for generations after the civil war. so what did that accomplish that piece might also have accomplished it was a nice homecoming period beecher stowe became the episcopalian renouncing the evangelical faith of her father and move to florida. didn't care much about african-americans any more. she wrote a book roche the american woman's home southern women were decorating graves.

this is how the better in came home they could looks klan bill and his introduction cannot talk about the meaning of the civil war about the aftermath many historians have said reconstructions failed to give the promise of freedom to african-americans. that is wrong. because phil year assumes that there is a chance of success. the word failure means there may have been a chance of success. there was no chance coming because you will see in the book, white northerners and

white southerners, almost all of them believed in the and purity -- inferiority of the african. they believe that africans were not suitable to vote and during reconstruction eight northern states turned down the opportunity to give african-americans the vote. but yet they turned around to tell alabama and mississippi and georgia you have to have african-american's vote but they were not doing that to. but the point* i am trying to make is reconstructions and never had a chance. they never had the intention of doing this. and in the south this is one

of the results. i tell my students where does this come from? what state? new york. 1863 that proves my point* as a black man hanging from of tree. the southern black boy did not put him up there. the white new yorkers did. this is a democratic party poster from 1864 presidential election. the misogyny should ball. they claim to the word and we use it today. first came into being 1864 presidential campaign. if you elect abraham lincoln

you have race mixing and babies but i point* this out because this is the mindset of the seven hours and 1860's misses the song for the ticket called the white man band this is not the south but the number. this is the depiction "harper's" magazine of the south carolina legislature it was the only one where you had the majority of black members and you can see what happens when you have a majority of black members. and not much legislating going on. but also some problems of north as well.

this is from new york city and they linked the two the irish from new york and the black voter from south carolina. they were both unqualified to vote for perot to much democracy. you cannot have it ignorant ignorant, malicious people voting and certainly not holding office. here is the thomas nast cartoon. 1876. south and north. he always depicted irish immigrants addis monkeys. rationalizing the immigrant. we don't do that today. do we? [laughter] in the black church to church looks better than the irish.

some zero reconstructions and has no chance not only because of the racial attitudes but also because of the attitudes towards the immigrant. the linkage of catherine -- catholic immigrants with of course, those are rising as they did in 1874. what happens, the story every construction really isn't the story of african-american struggle for freedom as glorious as that was, it was doomed from the beginning. the story is the run-up to the american investor revolution and the decline of the political process instead of the religion now we have science and a depiction of america, colombia going across the plains holding a telegraph wire in the white

and she holds the school book. not to the bible but the school book. here we have henry ward beecher on the right then their rival sunday shows in brooklyn and the decline men to 10 point* the second grade awakening is sweeping across the land sweeping into civil war you can say was abraham lincoln when he said i do not know what god wants because there was no man there was no servitude for self righteousness. that was not the fault of the south.

slavery was not a southern institution in new york city with its third and the brooklyn bridge thomas edison nine and the photograph and consumers and shopping advertising this is what postwar was about not about reconstructions. historians have focused focusing on construction the nation could care less taking advantage of those opportunities growing of the city's they grew in the 1870's faster than any other time in our history it was a marvelous decade with the

homes and mcgovern reward. what about the south? this was the depiction of the sunny south of the black people picking cotton just like 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860 common nothing change. why did we fight the civil war wide is 620,000 men die for this? especially the 150th anniversary of the american civil war. it is not ase celebration but a commemoration honoring those men who fought and died and we should honor their courage as well. but it would have been a greater tribute to our nation had they lived.

thank you very much. [applause] taka. >> i will be more than half the two take questions. >> you teach in the bible belt, how do your students react to this perspective? >> many of them are confused. they are confused as you indicated in the evangelical

tradition and view it positively. i do as well. but they are confused because they associate themselves with the evangelical tradition. they don't know about the northern story. number and southern evangelicals are very different. the evangelical church this pledge. particularly the methodist and the baptist it split in the mid 1840's over slavery. they went their separate ways. for the seven hours coming the important thing of evangelical religion was your personal relationship with jesus. for the northerners that was very important also looked upon as a means to reform society and as a means to

hasten the second coming of jesus christ and does that through getting rid of sieve through the land to of those were slavery and the roman catholic church. they were confused because they looked upon the evangelical religion as being a positive influence but they haven't attributed to the background of the civil war to the self righteousness of northern evangelicals. >> between the evangelicals

and the ku clough klan? and not really. because we talk about different time periods and generally they went out of four violins. roth waldo emerson claim to be a pacifist but was right in there with the war effort and period beecher stowe claim to be a pacifist but she has a great passage of her where she talks about the book of revelation that says harriet beecher stowe says she was holding the book of revelation write at fort sumter the civil war

was a millennial war she and fellow evangelicals believe it. last '04 liberty to perceive the coming of the word god's wrath shall be honored lawn and her brother said almost the same thing and they're good friend said the author from all mighty god would bury the south of the battle hymn of the republic. [laughter] what was the role of the roman catholics what was the role of religion of the debut death with their fathers and sons and so on?

>> in terms of death, many americans said evangelical ends believe that life was part of a continuum of. maybe the short is part och och -- and extended beyond that and did not look at life as something that's began and ended the something part of a much larger process. that was the intellectual. then did your mom or son were killed in a war, the explanation may bring some momentary comfort but you missed the heck out of them. and one to them with you right then at that moment. when a young woman who just

got married and lost her husband to the war she and her son and -- understands the idea of the continuum. and americans at the time sensitive about proper burial that you had to have proper burial and the remains. for about 25 for 30% of the soldiers, the remains were never found they were eaten by animals coming ground into the ground by the wagons are exposed to the elements. they didn't have time especially the last year of the war when the pace accelerated. it was particularly troubling for the civilian population with death lowered dignity as far as the irish were concerned up

with the confederacy there were some precedent because the mexican army was successful to encourage irish soldiers but then they deserted for the mexican war reforming the st. patrick battalion during the mexican war. but then general zachary taylor and ordered to shoot anybody who left the camp. that was not desertion. >> i have not read your book. but i understand the broad thesis that the war was unnecessary and i read some

reviews basically stating the political means would have solved the problem but looking after the civil war assuming it didn't occur do you think something like world war i that slavery was not resolved before then? but the united states was the only country to abolish slavery with a civil war some of their other precedents out there. there are many different scenarios the lower south states would have stayed in a group of but the border states would have remained in the union making it

difficult for the southern states to exist. very difficult to find foreign recognition but by that time slavery wasn't that very well known in the world but suddenly hundreds of thousands of slaves that essentially is free territory they lose it pretty quickly but to have a political solution, too may have a practical solution if that process had occurred

near situated over a century for african-americans to attain full rights of citizenship that is the other part of the equation for what could have been or might have been. what was the percentage of the catholics to the south to the north? >> i don't know the exact percentage take richman for example. that is okay because that is the end of my stand-up routine for the night. [laughter] forty% of the white to working-class population in 1860 was in a grand.

people have a hard time understanding the south god immigrants to. it was not a damper on the white opportunity and many of these were irish. many were german. irish came to the south to build the railroad because the states like to recruit the irish because as you know, in georgia there are things called swamps. and diseases although not now but those like malaria and yellow fever. the state could not afford to employ a slaves because they were too valuable. so the irish came to this house with the anti-sentiment it was

relatively low existing in the border cities like baltimore or louisville so the governor of virginia said why should we make war on the catholic church? it doesn't make war on us. it seems to me when you inject evangelical christianity into politics you get radicalization of politics? i am extremely concerned right now we seem to have lost our center in this country. you describe sounds very familiar to me. i am concerned the rational people who are getting elected of either party.

>> you make a very good point*. it is interesting what started to write this book, i didn't have the contemporary states of mind because the they were contentious then but really weren't corrosive as they were right now. but certainly there are a number of parallels you can draw for one thing, the erosion of the center. who holds the center now? there was a moderate republican and talk is about 40 members. ad 2010 the group had gone down 23. there maybe structural reasons how we hold our primaries power in sind those hands of our

wild -- well-financed when you inject religion into politics how do compromise it is impossible to make these compromises. moderation is the grounding of the political system. with a political scientist coming game makes the case with the great advances of our society with the legislation and in terms of the interaction of upward mobility have occurred during times of political lot do nation. and makes a good case for

that. that did not have been before the civil war broke certainly the breakdown of the process that occurred 1861 so with the breakdown of the political process today. >> >> in interesting narrative. have you factor in the european influence and the financial interest? >> that is a great question. european interest doesn't have a significant impact, and upon the civil war itself for several reasons. they had of strong majority

in the senate and house of representatives say push through strong economic nationalist agenda obeying, purchase the bonds to finance the war, national college subsidies for transcontinental railroad railroad, improvement of rivers and harbors so that was held by the financing from europe, particularly from great britain. one of the reasons there was so hesitant to recognize the confederacy is they have an economic state in the north and this was a very powerful argument to stay out of a conflict. / owe i wouldn't call it a felony incident but the

closest ally of the union of all european powers was the most despotic regime honors earth. -- on earth. because it goes very cold in russia in the winter. they go to san francisco and new york and a russian fleet used the u.s. has a way to enhance the navy but then to see the naval activities because of the icing. but as the confederacy got too ambitious with the

blockade running the russian fleet would take care of it. >> was sister mary john never found? >> you have to read the book [laughter] >> what if any effect did the lincoln assassination have bought reconstructions policy? >> the fact of the assassination and going at it with the speculator is of course, we can say whatever we want to but lincoln was

the type of guy those in opinions wasn't particularly anti-slavery but became anti-slavery in believed wants the slaves were freed they should go to africa then changed his mind and believed you couldn't do emancipate slaves offer compensation he would change his mind. he was very flexible and when confronted with the facts to the contrary, he would change his mind. he would never survive in the political climate as we would call back to flip-floping but it advanced a very lenient reconstruction policy. the blacks cannot work you have to have the a before the chicken and respond with the metaphors but he wanted the nation reconstructed and

had a religious passion for the idea of the union and willing to compromise on other issues with that said i think the outcome would be different but the vast majority of white americans did not want to grab basic civil and political rights to african-americans. it is just that simple tell me if you agree, the south overreacted to the reaction of lincoln. even before taking office why didn't they see what he would do before they started to secede? what happened to the southern moderates? sino there was a lot of southerners that did not

believe in secession come a were they silenced by the run up to the war and the noise? and a lot of strong leaders leaders, where they drowned out by the fire eaters? >> i am glad you brought up alexander stephens 12 voice that might employ not from the disembody distance, you read about these events through the eyes of 67 major factors from period beecher stowe and frederick douglass and mark twain walt whitman, and alexander stephens. he was one of these guys in the middle.

but when you are a moderate moderate, people like action. "the new york times" has said searing editorial against abraham lincoln because he was the one who waited it out to see what happens. you have to shoot these guys but we're very impatient to get into four and then to get out and that is the problem. why it where they in such a hurry? and then the reagan administration had set their moderates but by this time

there is very few. but even he moved along. and the southern fears of the lincoln administration were well founded. and then republic and rhetoric of what they would do when they got into power. they were going to bar the seven years from taking their slaves into the territories and appoint republican postmasters in the south and there was another one in the south like the customs inspectors so from these other prospective they would be squeezed economically and the increasing minority in the government and then you have to from each day as

more three states came favor of increasing minority. that is the dilemma of our system of government, is it not? you hear majority rule. that is the essence of democracy but it is much tougher to protect minority rights. had you protect minority rights in me had society with majority rule? but as a minority there lies the respective. the small state of south carolina had disproportionate influence on the south. >> you are absolutely right. south carolina was a relatively small state it was the wealthiest day.

south carolina have the highest per capita income of the world. the kuwait, abu dhabi of the mid 19th century. you don't have to be bit but money talks. there were very influential in that respect. they energized younger political leaders from other states but certainly the most extreme because they had the most to lose with a very large black and slave population. south carolina and the deep south states followed. we have time for one more question. >> some of the most

period -- bitter feelings took place in the last item remember hearing about religious factors being a part of the conflict that were there other factors? >> absolutely right. i will repeat the question. said gentlemen says some of the fiercest fighting occurred in the areas west of the mississippi like missouri and kansas. misery was in a civil war itself and not much has been written about this. but to be blunt, as important as it was to the folks in kansas and missouri really it was a sideshow to the greater conflict. we bring in 10 because we want people to buy our books.

[laughter] that is why we put that in there. [laughter] you have done a wonderful audience. thank you very much. [applause] >> i am saudi arabia to a less it -- lesser degree of from the tyranny as the nation state the most dangerous to the united states and the west generally. yes, russia and china are threats to the united states but threats in washington open may acknowledges closely watches and assesses and fully capable of defending america. saudi arabia however is a serious threat to more dangerous than iraq. toward which our governing elite both parties turn a

blind guy. attending riyadh is a close and reliable ally by relying on the saudis and endangers the economy feet ever larger share of the evermore out of control federal that. in addition to the saudis over the past 30 years have built the highly attractive lobby in the united states which is as pernicious and corrupting the more quiet than and settle. the lobby employee former ambassadors coming general san senior intelligence officers argue the case from a warehouse, the congress and the media and especially the "wall street journal." needless to say the lobbies work his assisted by a the oil and corporations whose

concerns have less to do with u.s. security in making sure we keep our seats on the saudi gravy train back a hallway another $60 billion worth of u.s.-made arms. due to the factors they don't tell the truth about the kingdom which the boom started the enormous transfer of wealth to the peninsula they have quietly exported sunni islam that has radicalized much of the historic we defined suni middle east region that is near but not -- now and near the arab populations like indonesia and pakistan afghanistan nds, the balkans, north caucasus and sub-saharan africa. last year in nigeria where the saudi and gulf missionaries have spent large sums of money one islamiyah group amended the

agenda to name the united states as the number one target for quote-unquote the oppression and aggression against muslim nations particularly in iraq and afghanistan because of the blind support for israel more immediate the dangerous her the saudi regime funded activities from the islamic clerics especially the united kingdom. it controls social policy and a missionary work to bring muslims to theological training they return to the west to describe as a martial oriented imperialism it is for the jewish populations to accept subordination or face elimination.

they are prominent in mosques and have secured positions as chaplain's in universities and in military's. this is not to say that all american and are muslim communities share this expansionist orientation but very much that the saudis trained clerics had obtained enough positions in the west and have enough access to have it have a growing impact reckon now influencing some young muslim males and the west with a pro jihad direction much the same way they have in the middle east, asia and africa. those who doubt this would be well served to view the escalating number of

militant related activities uncovered and stopped in the united states in 2007. to know to the growing number of young u.s. canadian and australian british muslims going abroad to fight and train under the al qaeda banner in somalia and afghanistan and young men and also to note oxide a very successful recruitment a talented muslims to run media operations targeting muslim communities in the english speaking world. and the saudis are the bridge from our second source of concern and committed to the third tierney named osama bin laden, al qaeda, their allies, increasing numbers inspired by each. when all is said -- said and done osama bin laden is not the anomaly but the poster boy for the educational system six asperger fortunately for the united

states and the west, bin laden has matured as a temporary islam must not like this saudi monarchy and the muslim brotherhood that is intolerance. even with these differences, the saudis overseas missionary activity is the indispensable aid to the al qaeda organizational and activities to the expatriate soldiers and the ngo and funding for local organizations the saudis have created saudi communities that are alienated from it hateful toward the west. so they are in fireman's for hosting the al qaeda presence. in the balkans and india and bangladesh in the north caucasus in north america and europe and sub-saharan africa, the preachers coming ngos and doses of saudi cashier decades ep