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>> to promote greater well-being to find and keep a job but i cannot mail you job-training like icahn a welfare check or food stamp benefits it. it is important to where the programs are located. as the book discusses, there's a lot of factors where the programs

are located and and the least successful where the needs are the greatest. >> when it comes to job training? >> it is an interesting issue you pick up job training because those providers are unique not only do they have to connect to the low-wage job seekers says seem to be concentrated in areas but they have to have access to new stakeholders the two jobs. probably not one to meet those needs employers or clients or where the jobs are located. those providers have a challenge to make those programs work wellhouse may be out word where they're located suburban areas where

those opportunities currently is concentrated that means it is difficult to get to those programs that are isolated from public transportation who may not have access to the automobile. but the mismatch occurs from different services categories. >> and another example? >> a food pantry or organizations to provide emergency food assistance. you would expect these to be located closer to the low-income population and they are but the demand for service is so great that there isn't great access. mr. is demand for those 10,000 that live in a neighborhood that may not be true access compared to us setting will for 100 people

they are not staffed or resources to meet the needs of the founding communities. >> host: what is the reason for this change in how we deliver social services? >> guest: one interesting thing about the way we provide assistance today is funded through a variety of different programs serve federal and state and local level. charitable foundations, to pay, a nonprofit organizations and because there is so many different revenue sources it is a piecemeal fashion and that has created with some places and not others we have many demands on what you can

afford or recruit staff for achieve economies of scale and stakeholders or individuals who may help you raise funds. you may have a commitment to a certain committee and they factor in to where organizations locate but there is evidence in the book and this is true across different areas that high poverty areas tend not too high of access as low poverty areas. in is a combination but it is hard to recruit staff with the highest poverty neighborhoods and frankly a lot of organizations prefer to relocate downtown or the corridors of power were they connect the foundation's and that is important but they have unintended consequences

of a harder it is to participate. >> host: what is the solution? >> guest: it is tough to think of solutions oftentimes with mismatches a social service programs or a lack of adequate provisions, the gut instinct is to say we suspend more money, as the government or spend public funds. but in the current fiscal environment that is not viable. we have to think of strategies or solutions to maximize the funding that we do provide to help us connect people to assistance. the one who may be to hold the line with those levels that we can another with the sources of support to narrow the divide or the mismatches for other community-based

organizations would expect people to help. another critical element for americans is to have the safety net all organizations in the book receive some money from private individuals or private donations we don't give enough if americans are able to step up with philanthropy they may be able to open new sites are programs to help bring in the mismatch and also period hist and the safety net is that private commitment because that will translate into dollars and greater public support down the road. >> host: arthur brooks has endorsed your book. what is your relationship with aei or erred dr. brooks? >> guest: i have no formal relationship although he has been a friend and mentor of

mine one nice thing about the book with the issues of poverty how we help poor people of one to write a book that would connect to a broader array of individuals and organizations that work in the area of many of those are nonprofit and to understand how critical this sector is to the work that we do to provide invaluable os -- the structures. >> host: you are professor at university of chicago. those that have celebrated the 100 year one year ago we hope to train those over the course of a career and i teach courses on the history of the welfare state and also this spring in teaching

a course for nonprofit to connect students to emerging strategies for more effective the program. >> would drew you to the social service sector? >> >> my dad lost his job and did not have a college degree it was hard for him to find work and i had social welfare policy and the content connected with me and i felt i could take a was interested in academically and turn it into people like my dad and it has been a privilege not only contributes to policy but the social good. >> host: who designed the cover and why is it that way? >> guest: it is