tv Book TV CSPAN July 3, 2011 5:00pm-6:00pm EDT
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[inaudible conversations] >> good afternoon welcome to thewe keynote session of the eighth video rose about reading festival held at thepres henry wallace visitor in education center. i america this year at the library and it is my pleasure to introduce our concluding session today james macgregor burns with susan dunn and michael beschloss. there are not be a question
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and answer period at the end i am certain divided ranging discussion will provide more than enough food for thought. alike $2 a presence of our friends from c-span who were here and we appreciate their support of terrorists about reading festival and a good work they do bring it into the homes of those who cannot come to hyde park in person. franklin roosevelt, a greatseve collector book and amateur historian once wrote books are always faithful friends and every cheerful companions. the same could be said of the three gaston sage today.jame james macgregor burns couldle be called the dean of roosevelt biographers. pulitzer prize-winning scientist and historian bit -- historian was aand pioneer in leadership studies devoted to the entire professional life to the study of leadership and all forms.re and no wonder he turned to franklin roosevelt as a focus.sev he won the pulitzer prize of
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the national book award for the landmark study of fdr, and also the author of the book was about the line and the fox. together with susan dunn professor burn co-author the three roosevelts and the 2004 barber via george washington. his 1978 book leadership is still considered the seminal work in the field of leadership studies and ath series of transformational leadership as a basis for more than 400 doctoral dissertations. what he has written about he has lived. professor burns served as a combat historian 194-3346 and awarded the bronze star and four battlestar seven democratic nominee for the first congressional district up as a $0.2 and also for democratic national conventions.o and also the past president
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of the association and international society of political psychology. also a ph.d. then attended the london school of economics and the zero woodrow wilson professorwi emeritus. his scholarship leadership character one of those he has talked his michael beschloss who was so honored to bse here today. student andto professor froms williams college she is alsoloss crum and over and the harvard business call and has five honorary doctorates old lectures across united states and abroad and served as a senior associateun member at oxford, a visiting scholar with the harvard russian research center and senior fellow at the annenberg foundation. and the white houseunda historical foundation andt sc national archives foundation and hasat written nine books
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on american president's the most recent presidential courage, and "the conquerors" roosevelt, truman, and the destruction of hitler's germany 1941-1945" both on "the new york times" bestsellers list. his previous work includes johnson's secret tapes and thedy and rose about uneasy alliance and he isy currently riding history of american presidents during war time.an p you also must on average as television work as it nbc presidential historian on pbs newshour and won an emmy for his role in grading the discovery channel decisions that shook the world ofthat which she was a house. and professor susan dunn another protege and colleague of james macgregor burns. professor at williamsf college, most recently she has roosevelts purge published by harvard
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university press. and has just received of henry adams prize in federal government and was a finalist for the "l.a. times" book prize with history. she is also the co-author of the three roosevelts with james macgregor burns. and 2004 backer vf to urge washington.in that has everyone adequately introduced so now let's get to theth real reason you aret' here please call me to welcome james macgregorr b burns, michael beschloss, and susan dunn. [applause] >> we were freshmen at williams in 1973 togethertoge except you were a freshman student and i was a freshman faculty member at. >> she was seven years of and i was a freshman at william. >> guy like that version. [laughter] you have a good fortune to
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be gyms student and then hope you will tell us about that and also tell us about the senior thesis that euro with him. >> as you may have noticed we have williams college in common. i am happy to say that again just in case anyone did not e t the point*. there is no better undergraduate teaching done other than williamsne college and our only alumnus was james garfield who did not serve as president very long but did not mean that he was not widespread the one thing on guardian -- garfield one said was my definition of the bestn? education this mark hopkins on a log and the student on the other end and all i can say this by mark
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hopkins. [applause] >> the next day's experience an unparalleled to work with one of those great scholars williams college is one of the few places it ise possible. i thought i would talk aboutit how jim came to write rosee about the line and the box claiming his memory is not as good as his mind butt actually because he is very modest and does not like to talkke about himself i thought i would talk about how this has happened as he had told me and as the cleaned and from other sources.e bi perhaps to give some background, the jim camejim into a family in eastern massachusetts that was not rose -- a new deal family he had a father who was a dartmouth republican if iin
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remember, a very large arguments that the dinner and many times family would go to dinner the speaking that was his first exposure to a the world of rose about to begin to get him interested but that did not prevent him from being a central part of the national franklin rooseveltrerohe campain i think you were living in lexington massachusetts at the time? jim organize his own sound amplifier the speaking with the loudspeaker we want roosevelt and other slogans but there was a thunderstormnd and it blew out the speaker and the amplifier shorterort out so as he said that was the end of his campaign for franklin rose about 1936 but it worked every stain but maine and vermont. [laughter] day elected roosevelt it was a a great landslide ino
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history. thank you for that. [applause] and amazing because of his role, he only got to see the man once which if you had to choose the moment to see him this will lead me one of the seven moments of i have the choice and he was there in the boston garden' ts in 1940 and the famous thing he said was i will say this and again and again your boys are not s going to be sent into any foreign wars. goin and he got out manyin isolationists people who fault the helpers 80-- saying something that was not true. bay he explained at a as i might have said except in end case of attack if unitedge t states is detected is not a
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foreign war so he felt that was served a and i think he was trying to be very exact because he knew jim was in the audience so he better be very careful. [laughter] in any case as bob was nice enough to mentioned much of was the commander in chiefth and jim one said i came back i knew iel must write a book about franklin roosevelt and started very quickly in 1945 not long after the president died and at that point* the president's papers were still announced in june virginia at the torpedo factory then moved here and procedures of the roosevelt library was more relaxed ands we they are now. gm has told me more than once that he and frank were a both here before long spells
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and away from their families so they wanted to get as much work done as possible while they were here at hyde park. so they could pay a security guard to stay until midnight so they could work until midnight. it is notq quite done that d way anymore?ink [laughter] i think the federal marshals may come to take him away for doing that. life has changed. in any case as bob and susan have said, a lawyer and and the fox is not only of classic but almost everything that has beenhi writtenng about roosevelt during that time has been influenced of what has been
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written of "roosevelt and lion and the fox" and has often been asked by a those who do not read every word what does the title, from? if this was a particular question because i remember him telling me when the book came out 1956 he was promoting on the "today show" at the suggestionn og he brought stuffedht animals so they would wonder what itd waswh about and get interested in the book. [laughter] it comes from machiavelli a great leader must have aliments of both of the the lion and the fox also central principles that hentra or she appeared to but at must be able m to be as crafty as the fox to carry those principles out. in any case the book came out 1956 and was nominated
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for a pulitzer prize cahal one of the finalists and edged out of a book called "profiles in courage." there were many professional historiansau, i was six months old at the time that many felt as good as it was it may be should have garn to aat professional scholar and i will not votes when rate or anothert of there them this second volume was the winner of the pulitzer prize though the judges made it up as wasved. well-deserved. we will hear him read from "roosevelt and lion and the fox" but one thing you will lowered to is i reread it again recentlyg knowing how was coming here. i first read it when i was 16. i knew very little about the
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roosevelt period i did not new father called would was lowered many of the issues of the 1930's and it made those real. i felt by the time i had finished as if i had lived through the period. wrote it is a book of a great literary help.e t the way he sets the scene in you'll hear this from the first excerpt that you have a sense you are there. the most important thing is now there is a well-developed discipline in american colleges andle universities andge abroadead called leadership's cities. exist in the yearlyst fifties when jim was writing the book. little did he know he was doing a lot to create what would become the discipline of leadership studies. i more than once i heard him
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say this book, i thought basically it would be a political science book looking at the fdr and leadership and what you can claim from him end what theyur coulde lower the problem as the personality completely took over and of the results these orthodox biographies the leadership's study shrank 27 pages at the endges of the book with a note on that that is the way my original intention began to shrink but what is key is this a wonderful story how could it not be? beautiful told but jim did
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something that is much more common now saying we shouldn't just know about this because important things went on in the 1930's and '40's, but one reason you recall and a steadymps, buts to make ourselves better making society better from the life and from the times. that is what he did.that if you read books now that do that, whatevert the reason is because of jim burns. one final comment, i have been talking about how jim roach "roosevelt and lion and the fox" and other occasions he has remindede me that my undergraduate record the good grades are capable of being revised downward so i have to be careful what i have to say.
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[laughter] but with great affection all i can say is you get to hear something that i have never heard in nearly 40 years of knowing him since i was 17, i have never heard him read from any of his books in public so now we about to have a treat and a great honor. can youisbo begin reading? tha [applause] >> thank you very much for the wonderful eight exaggerated review of my life. much appreciated i think i should just get to do what i am supposed to do which is to read from my work i want to apologize to the two omi worth three of you who have made might -- read my book
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having double jeopardy now having to hear or read from this table i think is a little too much. please forgive me. election 1933. the evening of february 27, 1933, hyde park. cloudy and cold. stiff northwest wind swept across the dark waters of the hudson. and tossed the branches of the trees around the roosevelt home. but inside a big sixitin shouldered man sat by the fire and roosevelts pencil glided across the pad of, i
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paper because i am certain my fellow americans expect that of their presidency, i will address them with a candor and decision of which the president situation in polls. the fire crackled, the largeith hand with its thick fingers move rapidly across themove paper. the people of the united states wants vigorous action and they have made me thet instrument of temporary humble instrument of their wishes. scratched out than realized there is no time for ability and during the next two days, a frightening reports continue to reach hyde park. peace by piece of the
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nation's credit structure was becoming paralyzed. crisis was in the air. it was a strange numbing crisis, mistaking suddenly in the western city than in the south. it was worse than the invading army.rywh it was every mariane to know where and endless in the minds of men and it was the year but at hyde park, the next president was serene and cheerful.sid march 1st, the president elect left hyde park from new york and headed for washington.th washington was somber under the cold march rain and of crowd quietly waited all but trained glistening with its jewel whites back into union station policemen and black raincoats bustled around the
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secret service men with their hands and their overcoat pockets search through the freight -- to the faces in the crowd highly visible but walkinga slowly out of the platform his sons and james and john hope to move swiftly and sat back confidently tension andn wa washington was mounting and the fed reserve board said 1/4 billion-dollar vs, that was a lot of money, nothose worth of gold had poured out of the system and one week. it seemed likely the new yorko banks would have to be closed. from his hotel wo
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room, roosevelt worked over his speech and nearby was a copy of zero with the birds nothing is so much to be feared as fear.rd saturday, march 4th chin outthrust and his facero grave, roosevelt repeated the oath of office and theip cold wind ripple the pages of his speech as he turned to face the crowd. roosevelt faced was stern and is that "if i read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other. that we cannot merely take but we must give as well to
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move forward as a loyal and trained army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline. people who asked for direct vigorous action for discipline andip direction under leadership, in the spirit of the gift, closing with a plea for divine providence.roos and in the end he waved to the crowd and suddenlys smiled his electrifyinggr smile. it was very, very solemn and a little terrifying eleanor roosevelt said afterwards that she talked with reporters at the white house. the crowds were somen tremendous that you felt that they would do anything
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if only someone would tell them what to do. [applause] >> what do you think. [laughter] fifth -- it is magnificent writing you see the historian's r&d lyricalipti descriptions and his incredibly rich vocabulary vocabulary, when the main crisis and the gaunt trees and the invading army of theth year, that is not the wayatmeon somebody writes in encyclopedia but an artist and certain key lines aboutnes him crossing out the word humble. i don't know if you rememberorge washington's inaugural address and his others whenever he accepted a
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position of authority always hedging his bets and stressing his inadequacies to say you are the ones to reelected me in case things go wrong. [laughter] but fdr it realized it was no time for humility because if he talked about hist deficiencies there could be mass suicide in the countrythe at that point*. they needed confidence and hope. he creates the juxtaposition between the bleakat atmosphere, landscapes, hope, lessness, a banking crisis fd and his serenity, optimism, a cheerful less, that is such a precious gift he gave to the nation than then inauguralo address itself in which he speaks about people's interdependence andon this is the great
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revolutionary transformative moment because it is goodbye to the zero laissez-faire doctrine to what but ideology of america and society for decades. now there is a new edo subcommittee withe nd interdependence and we are from the same community and society now in the same boat and have to help one another. it is not time for survival of the fittest, this is whatfitt this society really is. a national community the sort interdependent. >> with roosevelt referring to himself you can imagine roosevelt haters binding at laughable that he would find himself of some mobile but that is more fodder for those critics by a agree with susan and one thing that she said thatwi hardened
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one way it is to the wreck it is almost fixed and it is written so politically like goes back and forth usingu some very interesting devices but in the treatment of the first 100 days he says something like if fdr had never stopped toer w consider whether qualities that allowed him to be so effective this is the list and then goes on to see but roosevelt was too busy and not his to do that anyway but he never forgot that he. was probably the bestprob example and in retrospect of how we can look better
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president using it to draw larger lessons. on to say something about the second excerpt? >> that was about the buildup to the war and roosevelt's caution and his wavering and here he goes into a stringent critique of the 1938/40 where there is a powerful isolationist block and society and in congress. >> the other thing this shows and we should cover his ears he will turn redin with embarrassment but intellectual honesty, at the time he was a roosevelt democrat and to this time i think he would say he is as a roosevelt democrat but that does not allow them to pass t through the book and he is very critical of moments where he feels he needs to be so the result is as much
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as he agreed with most of fdr aims, the book never becomes a political track and is tough on the man at certain moments. do you want to read part ii? >> this will illustrate what you say build up to the border roosevelts cautioned. >> 1939a friend of the president a letter from a man who have long supported the administration.rise riven-- driven with despair they could not understand his cautious tactics why don't you tell are idle fdr quit beating around the bushts
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be honest with the people. of course, we can not allowed to get the friends and england get licked and of course, we should be prepared to help them. why staal and if why not talk of realism?e pa bald the passion and love the president of and moved even heads of nations have passed them to take thet leadership of man he had not done so but on the contrary the president's behavior was almost a caricature what was the matter? g in thera gravest international situation the nation had ever faced, where was the leadership of the man whose
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very name since 1933 had become a symbol of candor and courage? one explanation that laser the nature of the opposition of congress and people. in a 1937 poll, 99 of 20 answered no to macquarie whether the united states should enter another world war. the late thirties were superior with john lewis ripping up isolationist feelings where fascism constituted, remember the wave of the future? two decades of bitterness over world war i and the aftermath have left a hard scar tissue.sc roosevelt felt the ef-
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at -- the facts themselves with educate the public so they did. but not quickly enough. he did not lead opinion toward a. position, he tagged along with the opinion. sometimes the lag behind opinion favoring more committed by the united states to join efforts against aggression. during his second term, roosevelt's seem to forget the great lesson of his inaugural speech of 1933, that changes the political situation of the situation it was more than a speech. it was an act that loosen the tidal wave ovef supportthe behind the new administration. the most important
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instrument a leader half's to work with is himself, his own personality and impact on other people when people's opinions are vague the directed of depth andidit solidity, action is shifted in his own favor to be sure all of those speeches for needed after 1937. but the inaugural speech of 1933 stood as the index of the leaders influence with posture of bold affirmation. indeed, roosevelt to a surprising degree was captive to the political forces around him. in a democracy as much must be the case but is it a place for creative and political leadership?
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the forces with roosevelt stemmed as much of the own actions and personality as from the unyielding political environment. he would not reshaped the party and reorient the foreign policy attitude to reorganize congress largely because the necessary and of the intellectual commitment but roosevelt was captive to himself as to his environment to. he was captive to his habit to mediating rather than reshaping them. responding to the people
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around him, of balancing warring groups and rico -- readers against one another. of the emperor may's station devising with brilliance and custom and insatiable a curious of people and theirriiv ideas, sensitive to the play of forces around him, he lacked the burning and almost fanatic conviction ofip great leadership and what that demands. roosevelt was less of a great creative leader than a skillful manipulator andilli interpreter. given the big decisive the event, a depression at home, aggression abroad coming he could dramatize in significance to convey the support of the american people.
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but when the crisis was less striking and when the solution demanded a union of the intellectual comprehension, and unified and continuing and strategic action, roosevelt's saw his efforts turn to dust. as i n the case.rge, two put his country behindc theo efforts of collectives to security.ty he was. almost a superb tactician and sometimes aeous courageous leader, but he failed to achieve that combination of tactical skill and strategic planning that represents the athlete of political leadership. [applause] >> that is quite a critique
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that he has articulated about roosevelt and i wonder if he would agree in this case fdr was not a lion and the fox because i assume one has the goal and strategy but here fdr was wavering and so cautious as a to caricature ofng cautiousness that i don't think he yet has the commitment to clear foreign policy. i find that interesting he ought operates not as a historian but as a politicald a scientist and a scholar of leadership who in just his ownwh prescription in his discussion of fdr looking at the leadership conviction, commitment, cour age, and compassion and sometimes compromise but in
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some case it is necessary and helpful but is certainly not an occasion for compromise with the nazi aggression so here he criticizes fdr for being passive in the face of the mounting crisis and stresses the opposition between this consciousness we and the affirmation of leadership with the inaugural address. >> remember he was riding 10 years after fdr died in which most people looked at him retrospectively ask god. for him to be this critical was courageous at the time in his critique stands uply this many years later. the other thing that occurs to me another book of his call the deadlock of democracy came out seven
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years after "roosevelt and lion and the fox" kennedy read it and of the most influential books of the time. one of the themes is how much presidents are foiled they sought and 1963 but that's the firstt3 time they came tofi understand as related to fdr in the second term. one more reading? >> this is not part of my report for our was too hard on fdr. because some of theth president's we have kravis and sam. [laughter] and -- . >> the election of 1940.
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it have long been certain 1940 would not be an ordinary year in american history. politicians in both parties have beena maneuvering preparing for the crucial election year. fact of 18 armies and squadrons swinging into action and the decisive defense would have fatal consequences for america. so that would bring an answer to the riddle of the state's -- of the sphinx. wouldd roosevelt's be able to w win a third term?
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what are the president's secret thoughts on the matter? every shred of evidence every off hand presidential remark comment every list of appointments were scared for possible hands. by 1940 comment the intentions were the national guessing game. st gases jumped to the false assumption he made his decision to run or not it all of his actions stemmed from the decision spell roosevelt was up 12 make a vital position years or months in advance and stick to that decision thick and then broke his message through most of a his career was to keep open alternative lines of action to shift
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from one line to another as demanded, to protect to the rear in case he wanted to make the seven reentry to snarl his trail in order to hide their real intentions. more than any situation rose zero ever faced, the third termio demanded this kind of delicate handling. he was ensuring the renomination by killing off the chances of thece prospective rivals.quit quite to the contrary. s in a serious a shrewd yet bold moves, roosevelt helped to build up a host of presidential possibilities. not only did he encourage the rest of the candidates to contend with one another byla and large field so
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there'd be a host of rivals rustling to delegate. the president did not miss a trick and never close the door completely to the possibility of his unavailability, yet told people time and time again that he needed days that he did not intend to run. his basic problem, if he chose to run, was not how to get the nomination. the ability to get aidconv decisive majority was never in doubt per car but how to be nominated is such astri striking manner of would amount to the of static and irresistible call to duty. of the party call would be the prelude to the call from the whole country at election time.
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only a party summons in july, would make possible a popular summons in november. this chicago stadium, a tuesday, july 16, 1940.ng that evening the keynote address of the democratic convention the old-fashioned speech.tal part way through the incidental mention of roosevelt name unleashed a spontaneous demonstration but pounding b his gavel common manage to quiet the call. finally he came to the climax, a message roosevelt had sent him to deliver. to night, at the specific requested authorization of a
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president, i am making the simple fact clear to the convention the president has never had and has nine gave any desire our purpose to continue for the office of president or to be a candidate four that office or to be nominated by theon convention for that office and" a hush spread across the convention hall. he wishes and all the earnestness and sincerity to make it clear to all of the delegates of this convention are free to vote for any candidate. the fact is the message ibe bear to you fromar the president of the united states. there was a moment of stunned silence. delegates looked at one another answers in the.
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then from the loudspeakers came the cry of a single sundress voice we want it roosevelt. a few delegates seized the state banners and started to break down the aisle. everybody wants roosevelt said the loudspeaker. the room once roosevelt w roosevelt roosevelt roosevelt. wrote in a one hour, order wabus restored but everything else was anticlimactic.ticl next day his name was put into nomination and the old senator nominated jim farley with a fewif words that couldth hardly be heard over the occasional catcalls and impatiently the convention weighted while others
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renominated, seconded and giving a sad little demonstration. the only ballot was the first. roosevelt 946, farley, a 72. tidings nine. hold. five f. then farley a party man to the end move roosevelt'slt's nomination. late at night on thursday, the president addressed the conventions of hyde park. it is with a full heart that i speak tonight. i must confess i do so because i find myself in a conflict between the personalco desire fored
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retirement on the one hand and a the macquarie invisible thing called conscience on the other. lying awake as i have on many nights, i asked myself if i have the right as commander in chief to call on men and women to serve their country? at the same time decline to serve my country in my personal capacity if i am called upon to do so by the m people of my country.y like most men my age, i had made plans for myself. plans for a private life of my own choice. today, all private plans plans, all private lives have beenv repealed by the overriding public.
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only the people themselves can draft a president. if such a draft shall be made upon me, i will say to you i will, with god's help continue to serve with the best of my ability and with .he focus of my strength [applause] >> i have two quick points. one, you see the combatg hi historian writing history. i don't think anybody elseti would talk about alternative lines of action and roosevelt protecting his route to the rear he served as a combatm historian during the war and his job was to intervene in addition to real soldiers before during and after battle some of
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this is the technique of the combat historian. the other bottom line is roosevelt strategy of the draft. two weeks after the convention. and wadsworth it introducerod and to the son of thectiv service after the first peacetime draft ever. universal military service and training so the strategy was too maneuver behind thengin scenes to engineer his own draft then he could say i cannot refuse the draft that was the prelude to the draftf mi of millions of young american boys. that was brilliant. of course, the international situation and is why it had hims seek a third term if not for the international crisis there would be no justification at all for the third term. >> also jim wrote about
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roosevelt very brave s multibillion tendency to set people against each other in 1940 with the divide and conquer that is the way he was nominated that they split up said delegates so he could be easily drafted and there was a cost. we sit and a center that ishis named after henry wallacealla who was the third term vice president when he went to chicago 1944, hoping for the renomination of deer issued a statement saying, personally five overdelicate i would vote for the nomination of my friend henry wallace but behind the scenes he was doing his best to pull thest rug out to nominate truman ordered douglas the supreme court justice. he was very angry act fdr until the day he died whichro it is generous of his family
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to close asarco of healing to approve the center but you see stories like that throughout his presidency. one story above is somebody else who fell foiled by fdr was across the massachusetts line a great figure politicalacttsa history, the former mayor, the inspiration of floor at known as serving two terms that wants in prison and public office. [laughter] i come from chicago so he made me feel at home.onve and then an 1952 there was james michael and the a delegation in the been to writing the book and said do have a strong memory of president roosevelt?
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he said yes. what a bastard. [laughter] he also over a good one member of conversing to another, fdr is his own worst enemy and the other member replied not as long as i am alive. [laughter] so there otheras side's oft this but i think we have run to the end of our time.we you can see why it is one of the great founding fathers know the of roosevelt scholarship but american political science and historical writing and all i can say is say scott for williams college to bring usoget together. thank you for being here.k [applause]
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>> let's give another hand to our guests susan dunn, michael beschloss and james macgregor burns. [applause] >> book expo america the annual publishers' convention in new york city look at the fall 2011 books coming out and please to be joined by george gibson publisher of plumbs very press. tell us about the books with the book online buckley. >> this is the first full
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biography of buckley, the icon of the conservative arena. but he was really the father of conservatism as it is known today. this is the first full-scale biographer third. >> did he have access too any library records? >> every available resource. interestingly enough is more liberal in the persuasions so it is an interesting balance that will fascinate people on both sides of the i/o. >> somebody who is not liberal is not three have covered often victor davis hampton been no icn novel coming out. >> this is the first novel and remarkable epic about of a greek generals and extraordinary battles fought. he brings alive for fair in the ancient world that very few people can because he
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knows so much about ancient history. the book is a live with details. it is fascinating for him to write a novel and i think it will be a great success. >> mr. gibson? inside the criminal insurgency. >> the author who has lived in mexico the last 10 years have gone inside the drug insurgency in mexico interviewing everybody involved from the gang's leaders to the police and toes the inside story of what is happening in mexico. the extraordinary of people in society and because he tells the from all angles, you come to understand who was responsible. the government bears responsibility, not just the gangs but the result from the united states they're all over. >> american crisis back. >> a distinguished professor at northeastern say they
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want to ride a book and in 1783 but the war had not ended we think it ended when cornwallis surrendered to the yorktown but then it went on to more years pulling the forces out of new york and this is the tumultuous two years and the united states could have so easily fallen apart with no money, the state's four non-aligned, not giving any money to pay the army they were augmentation paid on the verge of mutiny and a treaty with paris had not been signed. the country was in complete chaos and washington held it together and that is what the book is about.
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>> those are some of the books coming out fall 2011. give us a snapshot of ellsbury press. >> it is more than just an hour, blooms very usa has three rembrandt also with walker and company the main imprint does a lot of fiction, food, natural history and sports related titles, blooms very prestigious history and science and current affairs and economics and the walker list does history and science as well with self improvement books and language books. >> are you selling more e-books? >> not more but those sales have grown dramatically in the last six months for every publisher sends christmas day. selling many more than we were last time this
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