acting career and his brushes and time spent in prison with his hard labor and so forth would not have been welcome at were courtesy, sociability and friendliness ranks supreme. the other thing i can point out about this passage i think it gives you a glimpse into something i try but really had a hard time talking about in my book, which was pleasure because we are so used to talking about subordinated people as oppressed and subordinated and being victims, having a downtrodden life, and always having a sense of obligation of duty and so forth. in the one of the things i try to capture a year and the social life and also their participation in the st. philip's episcopal church

was the sense of pleasure and appreciation of beauty that certainly try think of the episcopal the nomination in rituals, and the ability to enjoy the beauty, to enjoy aesthetic experience. so i'm going to close down. if you read my book we go from lower manhattan over to brooklyn in 1870, and the book goes up to about 1895. so we have a kind of scattering of the black population and of course later they go up to harlem about after 1910 or whatever. so the conclusion, rather than talk about scattering, i want to talk about coming together. on an october day last fall i took a trip to cypress hills cemetery in brooklyn armed with a map provided by the front office i went searching for the graves of my forebears and their friends who left lower manhattan

and leader brooklyn for their final resting place. the white family plot lay on the flat land near a broad path surrounded by tall of leafy trees. there were phillips mother elizabeth, to of the sisters and their family and philip and his family. alexander crummell, charles ray and their families lay nearby. so why did have a chance to talk about them in the talks but that figure prominently in the book. right next to phillips great lead kings met recently rediscovered and commemorated with a brand new marker. i was astonished to discover that all these men had bought their plots at the same time between january and may of 1850 and determined not even death would submit them to be causing the past walking up the hill life around the land that st. philip's church had bought for the parishioners in the late 1850's. the family plot which included peter was notable for that

jutted skyward. in the waning days of the 19th century, new york's black elite reunited in the ground to read the graves are physical reminders of their lives and commemorations of their def. the serve as an archive, a place of safekeeping, storing memory is of the past simply waiting to be brought back to life in the rightness of time thank you. [applause] >> thank you for your presentation. what did it feel like when you had this moment of finding a

puzzle piece and also discovering that you were missing other pieces? in putting together these threads did you ask any of the sources how they can to have this information? >> the first thing i will point out and it's not exactly what you asked me but i want to make this clear i had nobody living to ask. i had a couple of leaves, a woman who contacted me after seeing something that i wrote on the web, and i was so excited that day i teach at the university maryland and remember running into work saying later this afternoon i'm going to call this woman and she's going to fill in the gatt. she wanted information from me. so i'm just so disappointed. then the second question is finding the manuscript material.

i would shake and quiver so finding that when least expected there were 12 shoeboxes about like that, remember in the old days, and i got into the box eight and there's a moment that weariness sits a man and you're like how can i do this and i go out in the cold and shake and of course you're in a manuscript room and you have looked at everything outside and you are wearing gloves and the book is open, you are facing the archivist to be sure that you don't run away with anything and you have something called a snake to put down to hold things down and then if that you're magnifying glass say you have all this paraphernalia and around you and it's so hard to get -- you feel the emotion but it's hard to express them. when i found the one of the new york historical society, and

those days and days of just going through these written records, and i was like why am i doing this and the young men there i went and told him he got really excited this is the one excitement, i should give you this book. i like yeah, you know why can't. so that's number two. this third question was about -- >> [inaudible] >> yes. okay, so at the schaumburg a woman had written a book called quote code the free negro in antebellum new york," it was a columbia dissertation from the 1970's and she died before publishing it. her name was rhoda goldman, and her husband had gotten it published as a book and then gave the manuscript collection to the schaumburg, and the book

is old and everybody says go to the recent scholarship. but she had really done her homework. she did everything. and i ended up just repeating what she did just for verifying that everything she had panned out. so the material i saw in her book by kind is expected to find there as a primary source not just as a footnote but i was really stunned to find that and nobody knows where the scrapbook page comes from and that is another one of the -- the gaps that i can't fill in where does it come from? somebody cared enough. so, there are poems next to the obituary and each cullom i realized is about something significant in my great-grandfather's life. so there's trinity, the mother

church of st. philip about dalia and going to heaven and god saying why do you deserve to be here and he says asked my wife and daughters. the person really knew philip and loved him and that's the whole commemoration right there. but i don't know. >> my name is andrea kafeel with of the lower east side project. thank you for the presentation. it gives me goose bumps one of your relatives is actually james hewlett. [laughter] that's amazing. i just took a tour a few weeks

ago so this is amazing. my question is where was the lawrence street school located? >> it was on mclaurin street which was one block parallel to thompson >> oats la guardia now, thank you. >> agreed to read and - off on bond street, do you have an address like that? >> it's in my book. i think it's 50 something. yes. >> that would have been approximately what year? >> that would have been the 50's he moves to cleveland after the end i'm not sure he ever comes back. he's in cleveland in 1860. comes back to visit but not to

live so i would say the shop was in the 1850's. i'm pretty sure that it's in the 1850's. >> i don't remember if you mentioned how long it took you from the data you decided to do this until the actual book came out, but i sure that he went through such an of and the down escalator of emotion. how do you know when you were all done and feel like you're finished with? >> that's a good question because nobody else knew and i am not sure i did. i just i was tenacious and i would dig and dig and couldn't give it a rest and after about two or three years my husband

said why don't you start writing? i never had anything to write. well you've been looking at this for two or three years. well, i have a health plan, the bear bones of it, but i know it's the detail the will make the books is all. it's all going to be in the detail. so getting the date and it is 56 bond street. getting that right is going to make a difference in the world so i would say why start writing if i have to go over it so i really wanted the detail and i dug and dug long before people told me to stop especially historians and i may literary critic by training and teaching in an english department and am not a historian but people were laughing saying give it a rest. so i will give you one example.

an independent scholar had some of the obituary with james mccann smith and this somewhat cranky independent scholar said how do you know? it's in the obituary. well, you don't know. so i decided i should try he and track it down and i started looking for the apprenticeships and then his going to the coverage of the pharmacy of new york which is also in the obituary and i found at the college to become part of columbia in 1903 or 04 and was part of the college of pharmacy in the starkest of columbia and started pestering him and said we don't have good copies which

was like i don't believe you. so i decided i'm going to start looking so i started calling historians of the pharmacy and around the country and i called here and there and elsewhere and i finally said this is my last phone call and i reached a man some place i think it was ohio state and he said to me the best cash for four missing papers are the wisconsin historical society. i was like i didn't know that and he said yes because this in the university of wisconsin was the first school to his publishing graduate department in a pharmacy beckham 19th century and that is when my history and friends were really laughing but i found it. i went through and i found the

record of his entrance of his graduation and syria's leaders of his admission as a member of the college like having a professional membership and the young men who graduated with him there were four of them. they had gotten in. they graduated in april of 1844 and became members of 1844 and it took my great-grandfather until 1870's to become a member and the was worth it. after that i said that's enough. [laughter] that's enough. >> you have wonderful information about the 1840's and your family in the 1850's about them in the 70's and 80's, so i'm really wondering about the 1860's and the civil war and what happened with your family if you have any scraps. >> i do and was my talk from

last week. at the time of the draft and we to dhaka that the draft riots at the time they were the week of july 13th 1863 and it's possible that once again the black elite thought that class would be free and they weren't, they were destroyed as if they were just because they were black so the big story is of colored or from the asylum and the way in which it was by white women seeing that as an illegitimate act on the part of white but of lunch with into words on deserving black children and that was destroying. the home of norman powell was destroyed. the home of elbe reliance was

destroyed so it has amazing account on who the ander water street and on the third assault was successful and burned to the ground. so, in williamson's papers i came across a notes and it's down there. i won't read, where a sergeant rights to albert winans and says i'm going to try to help you. i don't know what today will bring. meet me at the said the drug store at 3 p.m. and i will conduct you to safety. so the lions and the low white lived on the ander water street just doors from one another and philips might pharmacy was around the corner of frankfort and i speculate that that's the

pharmacy so it's just amazing to think the sergeant thought that was a safe enough place to take the family so i started reading through the papers and obituaries and i sound of a story of the preservation of the pharmacy so he brought the pharmacy or in 1847 at the corner of frankfurt and gold stayed there until his death and established deep roots in the neighborhood. the neighborhood when he went in in 1847 was mixed. time went on became more and more irish, a poor irish, and according to all of the accounts that i read, he was a good neighbor so he made up much of the medications for them. when they didn't have money he gave the medications away for free. he gave away money in the close.

so when the draft riots happened today didn't want to see the drugstore demolished. they didn't want to cecil white harmed. "the new york times" reprints this little dialogue who knows how accurate it is when the businessmen of the neighborhood would also -- the area was called the swamp, and the businessmen of the swamp saw what was happening and said you need to run away. he said no, i don't. because as many rioters at have come down upon me as many neighbors i have will protect me and the drug store and was not disturbed. so, yeah. it was a real goose bumps moment yes. >> hi, im shannon triet i was wondering what made you write about your history of your family tree? i've been trying to research my

own and i find it to be very hard, difficult to find things that go past the 1800's. go way past that 1800's so i was wondering if you could give me any advice on how you found yours exactly. >> you have to have the passion. without the passion -- this took me 11 years so you have to put aside a bunch of time. the passion, the drive, the determination, the willingness to look and look and find nothing and then all of a sudden find something. one of the reasons i took tactics i did -- because there's such a way i could give written of the black new yorkers in the century -- but it's for that reason, to encourage people to look for their family history. people say you are so lucky you had a family to write about, he found material.

i can't do that and i say have you tried? and they say no. of one of the things i want to do is encourage people to try. maybe i was indeed lucky because i found the enough material about them. but how i wish my forefather had been james smith or georgetown and i would have found a lot more material on them. so you take what you have, that scrapped and try to embroider without going into fiction or making up why is that to really give it context. so that's the way that you have to do it. but don't give up. [laughter]

>> ibm usually. we've discovered and on the ground railroad site in our neighborhood on 29th street, the gibbons underground railroad side, and so instead of feeling satisfied that made my co-chair and i even more obsessed with research. so i recognize the phrase looking for a needle in a haystack. am i coming to a question? [laughter] >> what source is a deterrent to? have you started research? >> i was lucky that i got -- well, my cochaired a lot of research on the quaker abolitionist who lived in the building which was destroyed during the draft riots but then i kicked researching for more letters of the gibbons family, and i was sent with a hot tip by judith wollman, a historian.

she said with columbia university. so i found a record of fugitives, 1855 by sidney howard so that set me off on a search because i found the most extraordinary thing. sarah more was married to her husband and the division's previous home so now i'm trying to find sarah. i did find her listed in new haven connecticut but it's been -- that's taken me two years to find out. i'm going to go back to schaumburg but i shouldn't say on the record, there is one staff member who terrified me. he was so mean and i'm going to get my courage and go back. >> i've had experience with that, too.

i will talk to you later. [laughter] i will talk to you later and give you the name -- >> thank you. >> -- of somebody wonderful who will help you and i just saw her a couple nights ago. >> and i just bought your book. [laughter] >> thank you. let me tell you. there was a vigilant society, the african-american vigilant society. so you could look our ground for that. david would be born in nickname to research and a new book out i think it is a year old on david. >> i have that. i do have a question of. have you ever heard of louis napoleon? i'm trying to find him, too because he helped rescue this woman and was working with sidney howard then the editor

and the secretary devotee do everything of the antislavery society. so now i know enough to know him and i know nothing. >> thank you. >> charles ray's daughter put out a memoir of his life after he died i think that it's 1886 and that is about to schaumburg so you could look at that because he was a member of the judge ... ayittey triet i don't do very much with a vigilance society because i couldn't find any relationship between that and my family and i couldn't start talking about everything. my editors were going nuts for the blanket of the book but i would say david, charles ray and charles ray's memoir what about pursuing henry boyda beecher? >> i just started to scratch the surface with that. louis napoleon worked with him,

too and in the brooklyn historical society and i realize as very helpful as they were i was searching in the long collection. at the brooklyn historical society. so, a woman -- excuse me, i have to stop to the weekend talk leader and i will give you names. >> thank you, >> the motion to concur in the house amendment to senate bill 365 is agreed to. >> with the dead sea bill now signed into law, watched the debate from the house and senate floors and see what your elected officials had and how they finally voted with c-span's congressional chronicle, a resource on congress. there is a view of the recession

and complete voting records and when members return in september fall more of the appropriations process including daily for action and committee hearings at c-span.org/congress. spent the woman who had transit and pbs per tuesday and discussion about women in the industry. posted by the american association of university women. is hosted by newshour co-anchor judy woodruff. this is a little over an hour. >> we welcome you. we are an all electronic publisher of daily sort of people magazine newsletters across the country. we started seven years ago. we now have 70 full-time employees. in d.c., where we started, new york, boston, baltimore,

chicago, dallas, houston, atlanta, boston, charlotte, miami and los angeles just ordered last week in sepsis go, and in the next couple months, philly, san antonio and amazingly birmingham, alabama. we try to be short fun, picture heavy, upbeat but very informative. we have 20 reporters running around creating these free electronic newsletters every day. we try to parallel that in our events by having short, fun personality oriented programs. and we can be more delighted with the massive media figures that we've got on stage. you'll notice they are all wearing black. either that's a very in awe of the had a lot of money in the stock market. speaking of which, we are being covered today by c-span because obviously there is no other news in the world. [laughter]

so we can't do this without the tremendous help of our staff on the ground. and i see so many of them here. rachel and tanya andersen, elizabeth fritz, frank, scott, stephen, just good, our associate and nonprofit reported in d.c. we have publication every day. the tech world, the legal welcome the commercial real estate world. we have a very immense was popular social publication, that is edited by my wife who is here. margot, i didn't mean that. we think the alliance for women in the media, for being a media partner of ours on this event. and ladies d.c. and as you see in a moment, etouches represented by leonora

valvo in the white on stage, or the leopard. and our sponsor for today, i'd like to call forward, cindy miller of the american association of university women, who's going to spend three minutes giving you some data and some views about women in the media. cindy miller of the aauw. >> thanks so much. we are so excited to be a new sponsor here today. the american association of university women is a 130 year old organization. we currently have 100,000 members and donors across the country, and over 1000 branches. we are an opposition that believes that a woman has a college education and is armed with the facts, is a powerful woman. we love men, too. men as proponents, please come on board. would love to have you join us. today we are excited because women in the media is the focus

of ours as well. we focus on all sorts of locations. and i feel like i can speak a little bit more intelligently about this particular one, because i am a woman india and manage the production studios at disney's mgm studios for many years. i know what you are facing. so let's talk about facts since we are a group that likes to dig around and find facts about the different topics. today, women in media hold only 3% of what we call the clout position, those on the very top in the industry. los..

in studies conducted worldwide looking at how many news stories are about women the figures are only 21%. not to say everything is dismal and we're making great strides thanks to women like these we are proud of the role we played in breaking through barriers for women in media and long-term member like elizabeth campbell, founder of the wpp a. she holds a powerful role and time to join forces to make this more the exception. the good news is with social media women are on the rise and

making an impact today. the most influential blog in the united states is the huffington post. 80% of the twitter accounts are women and barack obama and ashton cloture our role in the -- the only males to break the top-10. between 2008 and 2009 the women using the mobile web increased 43% compared to 20% increase in the number of men. we are proud that we are making strides. we are honored to be here and hope to enjoy your presentation. we will be around after the session if you like to chat with us. thanks mary much. >> cindy miller, aauw, thank you. speaking of twitter our hats tag is media and our handle --

someday i will absorb or coaching and get the hatchback and handled straight. we have the women in black or the men in black. good morning, judy woodruff. i am going to have this panel silver introduce leading up to the climactic moment when someone who knows what they're doing takes over but we would like the panelists to self introduce because it is livelier, more accurate. where are you from? >> born in tulsa, oklahoma, race as an army brat stalin lived there five years, back to missouri and new jersey and oklahoma and taiwan, north carolina, georgia where i finished high school. >> how did you stumble into

washington and this political thing? me and politics? >> why did i choose politics? >> how did you stumble into it? >> i had a professor in raleigh, north carolina where i spent my first years of college who was a fabulous inspiration, you saw was interested in political science and sheet lured me away from math and got me interested in politics and after that i got a job as an intern for my congressman in washington and never looked back. >> telescopeing via points of the last 30 years of your life in washington? >> marriage to our hunt with bloomberg news, having an incredibly fortunate career being with nbc, pbs, cnn and

back to pbs and what is now pbs newshour. >> what do you do for people who live under a rock? >> senior correspondent and co anchor for the nightly pbs newshour. >> thank you for all your years of service. [applause] >> gracia martore, good morning. did i pronounce that right? you have some italian and sisters? some ancestors from italy? >> all of them. some from outside the coast and some from sicily. i think you also have some italian ancestry. >> not that i know of. >> that is unfortunate for you. >> maybe i have some italian

descendants. where did you grow up? >> i have a much dollar childhood and judy. i grew up outside boston, massachusetts, went to college in massachusetts and moved to the washington area in 1980, have been with them since. >> you are practically a lifer but you used your origin in massachusetts as an excuse to run to cape cod all the time. >> i wish we were in cape cod all the time. we are huge boston red sox fans. [applause] >> always a good thing to point out. love massachusetts. we have housing cape cod that we don't get to as much as we would like to but our children are using it in a significant way. >> that is just the part you know about. what about the size and reach?

>> genet is the market service company. we are $5 billion in revenue. we have 30,000 employees domestically and overseas primarily in the u.k.. about 21% of our revenues are from digital businesses which isn't very widely known. that includes careerbuilder, the largest employment site in north america. >> when did he become president and ceo of? >> february 2010. [applause] >> good morning to paula kerger of pbs. >> wonderful to be here. i am originally from baltimore. i moved to new york after i graduated from college where i lived for 25 years and have been back in washington for five years.

>> as many times as many of us heard this weekend quite get our minds around it. what is the difference between pbs and why not confuse it with npr? >> we have images. those nice pictures. we are confusing organization. we are the largest nonprofit media organization in the country. we have 350 member stations that cover 99% of u.s. households. one of our flag ship stations is w. pta which is a wonderful partner on the broadcast of local stations in washington but also brings to a national audience newshour. i'm glad you left cnn to come home where you belong. i loved cnn but we love having

judy on newshour. she brings extraordinary perspective particularly on the work she has done the last couple years on the millennial generation which is her best recent work. w e t a. also brings ken burns and washington every friday night. >> paula kerger, thank you for bringing yourself and pbs here. she deserves some applause also. [applause] >> the plan of action. we started early. around 9:15 we may be concluding. we want to make this interactive. someone put these legal pads on the desk in case you are taking depositions today and they will bring the blue book out later.

we want to walk around the audience and if you have questions we won't necessarily wait until the end. i will be in the shadows watching for you. leonora -- i want to cancel the panelists with excellent questions. we really want a conversation and we're looking to living room. feel free to interrupt, agree or disagree, expand, raise our ratings in any way you can. >> that is what we do on newshour every night. >> people in the wrong room, tell us what he touches is and take it away. [talking over each other] >> this is what happens when you are moderating a panel of women

in media. it is an event with software solutions and the comment about my address was interesting. ira serial entrepreneur and change my thoughts fairly regularly. we have been a software company since 2007 and it is my fourth iteration of my entrepreneurial life. lot of changes and trying to stay ahead of what is going on in the market which is something you are all too familiar with. we are based in connecticut. we are global company. on a smaller number of lots of zeros but we are growing and also in an industry where there are very few women ceos so it is an interesting journey for me.

so thank you. >> what an amazing panel. you deserve a round of applause at 8:00 in the morning showing up. well done. [applause] >> lots of questions. so much to talk about. so much going on in the news and in media for women. one of the questions i had was the cost pressure media companies are under given what is going on in the news right now. you are not alone. we are all under cost pressure. i was wondering if you could comment on our your organizations do a tremendous job maintaining quality. in my own business cost pressure makes quality a real challenge but we're not putting out content everyday to the world. i would be interested in how you are handling that and what message you are using to

overcome it. >> for us quality is the guide to organization. as you look at the work that you take up the pressure is to start to cut corners to compromise. at least looking at it from our perspective that makes it unique in the media landscape. someone send me a great article from yesterday that talks about the fact that there are now 19 programs on pawnshops, five on cupcakes and endless on quarters. i am waiting for someone to put all of them together. it was interesting. even animal planet has animal critters. >> i am envisioning hoarding

cupcakes. >> but without the animals. for us really looking at technology as one opportunity to operate efficiently and staying focused on putting the resources into the content because that makes as differentiated and unique. thinking very hard about aside from the funny, and about quarters actually great television on other networks and cable. we are constantly challenging ourselves to think about where the marketplace is covering different subjects and steering away from that and focusing on those areas the marketplace hasn't -- that is the role of profit media. by being very focused, taking advantage of technology which

does give us opportunity to produce content at lower cost per hour and thinking about new ways to bring in revenue to organization, we have the opportunity to bring contributions to individuals across the country, open up to us through the web and other sources. trying to keep that entrepreneur real spirit and keep thinking of new ideas for revenue is helping us. >> yours is a not-for-profit company. -for profit but our interests are remarkably similar. we understand that there are a lot of choices for consumers and viewers and readers and users of website to get news and information and the important thing for us is to find ways for those people to spend time with

the news and information we provide on television stations through myriad websites and print publications. different unique content is very important to garner that from consumers, the time they're willing to spend with our product. that is top of mind for us and for you but at the same time we understand the cost pressures of being a public company, being a for profit company. we had to look at opportunities to use new technologies. we have 23 television stations. we use to do graphics production in every one of those television stations and some of our television stations are small and their resources are limited. the quality of their graphic production may not be as good as our larger stations and what we did was consolidated all of those graphics efforts in

denver, colorado and our smaller stations get the same quality which is in improvement in the quality they had before as our larger stations and using technology to do a lot of things more smartly and we are blessed with 82 daily newspapers and television stations. great iconic national brand in usa today. before we never shared content. if we embark covering tornadoes in missouri and had a newspaper and television station in st. louis they would do their coverage only for themselves. now we are creating a culture of sharing content among ourselves to improve the quality of our print website by adding great video coverage are stations improvise. we can improve the coverage that usa today is doing because we have a lot of feet in the street in local communities where a national story is happening. it is sharing a lot of the

content generation across companies and doing those things that we use to do at 100 different locations and a more consolidated way using technology to help us be more efficient so we can spend time and resources on generating that quality content. >> so the media world traditionally has been very silent in their own companies. you are saving technology is facilitating the ability or is the pressure on media causing you to rethink that approach? >> it is a combination of all of that. it is cultural change and business necessity but also really understanding when you are one of many choices and not the only choice in the marketplace you need to have better content and in order to do that we can take advantage of all the assets we have so on our

web site we have 22 television stations that can provide great video content around a lot of things we simply wouldn't have if we weren't sharing that across the company. >> from the perspective of newshour technology has meant an enormous change in how we reach our audience. we have had a web page for years and years but in the last few years it has become an integral component of who we are as a program. as we think about covering the news through the day and newshour, paula knows very well we stand alone in the way we are committed to covering just the stories we think have to be covered that day. on the web page we do that as well but we are able to expand that and dive deeper and offer more detail and frankly allow

some of us who are on the air, our main job is reading the news and interviewing guests, reporting the news on the web page. we are able to do some analysis. i write a weekly blog. there are stories that would make it on the air. just one of the things, all of us in the media say more complicated news. the world has gotten harder to understand that it has ever been and those of us in the media have shrinking resources, less resources to cover a story that arguably is more complicated so all of us have to think streamline and who is our audience and what are we trying to do and i will tell you newshour we rely on the mantra of jim lehrer who said when we

wake up we don't think about who we are or how we cover the news. all we have to ask is what are the most important stories of the day and we will go after them. it makes our job lot easier. there's not a lot of eggs about what angle we are going to do. >> i think newshour has done this well. part of this is enabled by technology. the opportunity to build partnerships with other organizations. you asked about silos within organizations but also from the journalistic side we have worked with organizations like republica and print organizations. newshour worked with reporting team and npr. the ability to send journalists out with a single camera person to send stories back from

overseas, internet collections from a laptop. the possibility to expand journalism, we have less resources and we would like more, absolutely. the current economic climate and the climate in media in general allow different ways of operating and bringing work to the public which is exciting and at the end of the day we benefit because the richness of this journalism by bringing together different perspectives is quite exciting. >> we have to follow consumers and viewers and readers on a mobile device for a catalyst for the printed form or on television and so one thing we had to change is you can't just write a story for print product and take the same story and put

it on every other platform and device. we all know how we use our devices differently. we use our smart phones in a different way for very quick updates versus and ipad or a tablets which it is the laid-back experience and you want more content out of that and the design is incredibly important versus our web sites where there is more opportunity for analysis and in-depth reporting so it is incumbent upon us to understand what each of these platforms are about or how consumers use those platforms and be a effective in communicating content that is tailored to that platform. >> i want to talk about consumers. in my world we talk about stickiness all the time. we think that is an easy problem to solve in the software

business. it is a huge problem for people in media particularly what i observed in my own kids. their ability to stay involved in anything is pretty low and there is a real shift. there was a time when you got on the train and 90% of the people were men and half were reading the n.y. times and have for reading the wall street journal. [talking over each other] >> i am talking pre usa today. that has clearly changed so on the one hand it is a double-edged sword. the ability to deliver is a demand to deliver in a way that will engage younger audiences. how are you seeing that?

>> a couple things. no question people are consuming media differently but they are consuming a lot of media. you and i have the same job. [talking over each other] >> we think constantly about where people are. how are they consuming media? your description of considering content and trying to figure out which clinton fits which platform is something we spend a lot of time wrestling with. we have a large audience under 5 and a large audience over 50. for us, the real challenge is figuring out how to hold on to that large audience because the content we produce is all curriculum based and in the last six years we went to a fairly

rigorous process where we tore apart our kids's schedule, worked with our traditional producers, worked with them -- the reason it has been on the air for 41 years is it continues to reinvent itself thinking about how children are learning. the content we are delivering in broadcast but also how do we take the power of what you can accomplish on line in terms of helping children dildo a -- develop skills in a way that gives kids an opportunity to test those skills they're learning in a much more engaged education process. we are the number one destination for kids on line for video. we're streaming 1 ten million month and kids are spending 45

minutes a session, an average of 45 minutes a session. you know how large those numbers are. that is the ultimate stickiness. we are looking for ways that not only are we reaching a lot of people but in directing that they are not just looking away on television or clicking away on the internet. some of what we learned through our holistic approach is we applied to prime-time. what the newshour has done in bringing together the journalism of what they present on air with what they do online and on the tablet really does create an through radio, newshour is distributed in many places including in washington as a

radio broadcast and you have a much greater opportunity of connecting to people as they want it. >> endorsing everything paula said, once those young people get used to getting information, learning something on television one challenge is how do you keep them on that learning track? i did a project mentioned a minute ago looking at the younger generation a few years ago and frankly it was a broad ranging project looking at attitudes and values and how close they are to their parents and the most divers generation in american history, how technology is changing them. we looked at how they get their news and we found them remarkably well informed considering that there isn't this dedication to picking up the newspaper every morning or

watching a newscast every night. they are getting information. we talked to one consultant in los angeles foods that young people tell us we figure if the news is important it will come to us. even the young people who are genetically inclined to follow the news are hearing what is going on through their cellphone, for their device, what ever it is they carry around because they are seeing that on facebook. their friends will say did you hear about so and so. that may sound shallow to was that they then have the opportunity to get more information right away. that is why technology is making for a much smarter and better informed younger generation than they are given credit for. >> you are referring to the next generation project. did you notice were there any

noticeable differences in terms of how people were behaving? >> surprisingly not. if i went in looking to see differences in attitude we found closeness to parents, young men and women equally close. when you ask about what is important to them in life we found an equal number were interested in having a family. lot of young men are interested in having a stable life. they have been influenced by their family in that way and a significant percentage say i am not ready to settle down but in terms of a role technology plays in their lives young women are every bit as affected by technology as young men in diversity. that doesn't know any gender barriers. i went in looking for gender differences and didn't find them. >> we found media consumption at

an all-time high. one thing we found about television viewership is when folks are watching television 80% of them are using another device in the same room weather on facebook or twitter or talking to their friends and what that is doing is increasing the level of television viewersship because it is not just a passive experience. ..

>> really promoted social interaction and social media tools to really get people to be more focused. we see this as being much more successful to a younger audience. that's what is enabling us to drive younger audiences, unlike you we don't have a big crowd under five that looks at our products on a consistent basis. but we are seeing at the age of the folks, because of the social media tools, is coming down. and at "usa today.com" where we have the adjunct to our print product "usa today," we are finding that our tablet, ipad application has a group of viewers that is probably a

decade younger than our traditional web user for it. and it is one of the most successful apps in the ipad store. we are very pleased with what kind of viewership and the demographics of that viewership that it is driving. >> and the voice is a wonderful program. the thing that is interesting about the story that you just told about it is that as a linear viewing experience for an older audience that may not have other expectations about media consumption, and sitting on the couch watching the show, in the living room, it's a beautiful show. and we have the same experience i think. our online audience, average age is 35. that's what the kids taking out. we are absolutely think the same things you are. which is that people are consuming media in many different ways, and it is

surprising i think for most people to hear that television viewing, just pure television viewing on its own is at an all time high. one assumes because of all the other media options that television must be suffering and that people are going away in droves and staring at their phones. what you described is what's happening come is that people are watching television and their online and their tweeting to the friends, and it's just a whole other environment. >> certain multitasking. sometimes i've had to get out of the habit of assuming that if my kids were on the iphones why we're watching a movie that it meant they didn't like the movie. if you don't like this, we can turn it all. and my daughter says no, i love it. but you are doing this other thing. so just moving onto a slightly different path around your lives and careers and women in business. one of the things, when i was wearing one of my previous bonnets and it management

company, i observed from many of our customers that they were not very many women keynote speakers. so i decided this would be my cause. i would be sure we found, identified and security female keynote speakers for our clients events. i found that a real difficult task. i found most women would say i'll be on the panel, i'll do a breakout session, but i don't want to do a keynote. what's your point of view on how women move into a place where they're very comfortable being in the limelight? i know part of that is just general security with your accomplishments, but it is a very different, i think, mindset to be the kind of person who wants to stand on the stage and be the center of attention. >> i think we've come a long way. i see many, many women today actually who are willing and eager to stand in front of an

audience, tell their story or talk about the work that they do. i think we've made enormous strides. when i started out, here's a long ago i started out as a reporter. i was first hired out of college as a secretary in the newsroom of a television station in atlanta, and i had been there for a few months and my only goal was to become a reporter. and i can't sing this to the news director, and his answer every time was, we already have the woman reporter. [laughter] which they did. met one woman reporter. she did the weather at 6:00. and she did, she reported my point is, today more than half of the anchors on local stations around the country are women. and i know we heard statistics early. there are more women now showing up on the air, behind the scenes, producing shows, reporting.

they are covering the war in afghanistan. there at the pentagon, they're everywhere. and we have enough women in management? no, that's another topic. in terms of getting front of an audience i think women are more willing to do that than they ever have been. i think sometimes they need to be encouraged, because i think women often have a tendency to say i don't know as much as i should. i need to study up more. but i find that young women coming along have a lot of confidence in their ability and what they know. and i think it's just a matter of time before you see as many women. i still think, we can come back to this in a minute, when it comes to taking positions of management come of executive positions, i'd like to see more women stepping up to do that. that's probably a markup of your subject about why there are not more women like paula and like gracia. we do have an issue there. but in terms of standing in

front of an audience, speaking out, i think we've come a very long way. >> i've been very fortunate to be with gannett 426 years, and one of the things that attracted me to gannett back in 1985 when i joined the company was the fact in looking at the board make up, in looking at the officers of the company, and in looking at people in positions of influence and importance in the communities we serve, that gannett's management team at that point, and continue through the entire time i've been with the company, has been very focused on reflecting the communities that we serve. so for me there were a lot of tremendous role models that gannett, when i joined them in 1985, out of the banking industry that was not exactly a bastion of progressiveness when it came to hiring women. and so i could look around gannett and i could see women leading, great newspapers and great television stations that had a tremendous impact on the communities they serve.

i look at our board of directors and were probably 15 people on our board come in three of them were women. and i looked at the senior management team, and i found that there were a lot of women on the senior management team as well. and a great thing for me was reading the annual report before i joined the company, and in the chairman's letter pointing out that i think we had 5000 openings that year at gannett for new employees, and 47% of them were filled by women. and about 20% of them were filled by minorities. so for me, gannett was a tremendous place to be. it was a company that was always very focused on reflecting the communities that we serve and always had great role models of women being in positions of influence and power and importance in the communities that we served. >> i think part of what we think about in pbs is that diversity,

and every aspect of our organization is one of our core values. and so we really do attempt to reflect the community that we serve and we serve very well. on our board and our staff, particularly our management team, in the work that we produce, in our procurement as we think about organizations that we do business with, and it is part of the metrics how every manager in our organization is evaluated. and i think that if we are serious about seeing more women, about seeing more people of color, and key roles in organizations, then you really have to put it front and center every single day. and stay focused on it. and i think that it's good business. it makes us a much stronger company. i think having a diversity of viewpoints really is, and has been critical to the work that we do.

and so we try to live this every single day. >> in terms of getting back to, on being o on the air in front f an audience, we think every single day at the news hour as we put our guest line up today for a what segment, where the economy or politics, we think all right, who is out there that we think about lex we think about women, minority's. its consular not just in the back our minds, it's in the front of our mind. and does that mean every single line up is perfectly the first? know, but it does mean that over a span of a short period of time we want to reflect the country and we want to reflect the people who are in the area, whether it's economies, politicians, people in elected office, whatever it is up. experts in health care. we are looking to be diverse. because that's our mission.

we believe we are as a news organization, in a sense, holding up a mirror to the country. and you can't do that if it's all frankly white guys. >> no offense to the white guys. >> present company excluded. gracia, judy made the comment she would like to see more women leading their organization. so for many of us who are aspiring or trying to be women leaders in our companies, could you share any words of advice? you have a cfo role, which i am fascinated by because it's not all that common. and i can imagine, i would love to hear what your level outside gannett was when you are cfo, but also any advice for women who want to be able to lead organization. >> i wish i could give you this grand plan that i had, how my career was going to go, but i have to tell you that it was

really very much more focused on, number one, doing the job that i had at that moment in time and doing to the very best of my abilities. and i always have tremendous faith in joining gannett. the thing that really attracted me as well was the fact that gannett was an absolute meritocracy. there wasn't a family there. there weren't people with a certain pedigree, we will do better than other people that didn't have that pedigree. it was very much a meritocracy. so what i realized very quickly was do the job that you're given, and due to the very best of your ability. and somehow righteously people would notice that. and give it additional responsibilities, and one of the things i also realize in my career, and i think it's too more of women, we tend to worry a little bit about getting out of our comfort zones and over analyze i really prepared for the position, i know everything that i actually have to know to do that job.

i find that's not a history with men, but i think what women that tends to be true a little bit more. really come you have to force yourself to come out of your comfort zone. so i can remember a time when our then vice president came to me and said, gee, our investor relations person has left and why did you handle that dick and i sort of sure, not a problem and what i can office and said oh, my god, what have i got myself into? i don't know how to do this. if i do something wrong, our stock price will plummet and you'll be very difficult. but, you know, is a great opportunity for me and has enabled me to widen my skill sets. i think the other thing is really to learn something from everybody that you encounter along the way. i know from every relationship i've had, from every person i've met throughout my organization and all the organizations i interface with, i find something that i can learn from. sometimes i learned what not to do, but mostly i learned how to

be a better executive and out to be a better manager and leader of people. >> so paula, when i heard a little bit there is women and risk-taking. so, generally i think by nature we tend to not be as willing to take risk as men, traditionally have been. and taking risk means standing up on stage when you're not quite that prepared, are taking that jobs are not sure you can do. do you think the sort of appetite for risk is a factor in women's success? >> i'm not sure. i think that, you know, particularly as more and more women rise into positions of influence, and you're no longer the first, you know, i think it was sandra day o'connor said it's not good to be the first, you don't want to be the last. and i think that for a lot of women who have risen up and they

are the first, you feel i think this is norms pressure that you've got to do a better job than anyone could possibly do because you are not just representing yourself, but somehow you're representing all women kind or something. i don't know. i spend a lot of time really trying to mentor young women, and men actually. i believe that it's a special obligation for all of us who have been able to achieve a certain amount of enforcement, been given opportunity to remember what it was like when you're graduating from college and you don't have your life figured out and you feel like you should add because everyone else seems to have their life figured out. coming of us in this room did have your life figured out when you graduate from college? none of us. well, i think maybe you did. you are always the overachiever. [laughter] by do think that for so many people, part of whatever words

of advice i could share, is to not be afraid. and i think men have this issue. a lot of them. maybe they just don't verbalize it. moving out of your comfort zone and trying something different and not say no. particularly if you feel like you have to work out your whole life plan, that sometimes opportunities come to you that may seem so off the path that you thought you were on. and to have the opportunity to take the leap, to try something that seems risky or not quite in a nice neat box is terrifying. but i think for many of us in order to continue to rise up and to have opportunities you've got to be willing to take that risk. to me, look around to people of benin jobs for very long time who have been afraid, you know,

to sort of put their hand up and be willing to try something different. and i think that the people that are able to then go on and lead organizations are the ones that have been willing to do whatever it takes, and that means standing on the stage, if that's what it takes, or a grain to take on an assignment where you actually may not know all the information, but whoever does? and i think recognizing that every person, there was a man i knew a number of years ago who told me, and this is a very successful man on wall street who was running a major company, and he said every time i've gone into a new job, he said there's always a little voice in the back of my head that says what if they find out? [laughter] i cannot tell you how empowering that was, because i thought i was the only one who had that spot in the back of my head. but everyone has it. and i think recognizing the fact that the pleasure of such

overriding ego, everyone has that little nasty voice in the back of their mind. and i think if you can just wipe that voice and recognize that you bring a lot to any new opportunity, and that you're never going to know in less you try. >> really, really important to think about. i just want to say, this kind of takes us in a different direction from which were asking, but one of the things that has reminded me and i think a lot of my fellow journalists about, frankly to be able to put things in perspective. whenever we get frustrated with the fact that the industry has changing, and the challenges have morphed into something that nobody expected, the resources are down, we think about, you know, the problems we face in the media here in this country. they pale in comparison to what journalists face around the world. and i just want to take a moment to put in a good word for an

organization i've been involved with for the last couple of decades at the international women's media foundation. it is devoted to promoting opportunities for women in journalism and communication around the world and we've been able over the course of 20 some years to identify women who are literally risking life and limb in places far away from here. in most instances from mexico right next door, not america, south america, asia, china, the african continent, on and on, the middle east. women who are risking everything in order to tell the story. and we bring to the united states, we recognize them with something we call the courage in journalism award. and we do this program every year and i won't go on and on except to say, and our executive director happens to be right here. say hello. [applause]

>> but what this does come and i'm going to hold up, this is the status of the women in the news media. this is something our organization collaborated with the folks to put together this year. i urge you to contact iwmf.org to get your own copy of it. it's a fascinating and really easy greed and important read about the role that women play. the bottom line for me is yes, we have a tough in the united states, but women around the world are facing incredible obstacles. and they're putting themselves out front. they are having the courage to speak up and to face, looked power in the eye. and as we look at them, frankly, it makes what we do i think seem important. and, frankly, gives us the kind of courage that we need to have in this country. >> do we have time for just a couple of quick questions? and as for the panelists, any

concluding thoughts about things we might have missed? who have a question here? >> i enjoyed. -- i enjoy. we head up privilege of working with a few traditional media companies and we heard a lot about how many companies are resource challenged. one of the things that i've seen with traditional media companies, they appear to forget that the people are investing in advertising with them wanted to see a strong return on their investment. for longtime traditional media was the only game in town. if you want to advertise you just came and advertised. part of a challenge doubt is having to reinvent, understand how we match advertisers with the users your bring him through the great content. so i'm curious what you're doing to address that and what impact you are seeing as a result. >> you should handle this. >> we are little

advertising-based. >> if you're going to have resources have to be able to bring in those resources in many forms. >> i'm going to be rude and say that i've got to run because the markets open in 10 minutes. [laughter] we've got to forget what we're going to do on the newspro can. i'm so honored to have been here. >> judy woodruff. [applause] >> judy, you're protected by the first amendment. just make the report totally positive. [laughter] >> we could use a little good news. with regard to the whole issue of metrics around advertising, you're right. what we hear from advertisers and marketers is they want to understand the roi associated with their marketing spin in advertising dollars they spend with us. in areas like digital and mobile and out of home, there are more

establish metrics that we can share with those folks who choose to advertise with us to show them the return they're getting on their investment in a more meaningful way. on the television side we've always had nielsen to help with ratings, and other metrics that we can provide on television viewing. and understand the demographics involved in that television viewing. it's been more difficult on the traditional media side, but we infected and worked with a number of folk to try to come up with some standard metrics that we can use to better address the issue of return on investment for those marketing dollars. but absolutely an important question when there's a lot more choice these days. >> and we don't take advertising. we do have underwriters, and so we do have relationships with corporations. which are very important to us. also, of the companies, the

underwriters associated with specific programs, and we get the same nielsen numbers that the commercial broadcasters use. we are looking very carefully at all of the ways we're showcasing material, and as we look at the web, and not just measuring clicks but really trying to understand the impacts of messaging. for us, people associate with public broadcasting because it's an uncluttered environment. we don't have as every 10 or 12 minutes on the broadcast. and people that associate with programs and public broadcasting arguing it as a way of extending their connection to our organizations, but also in reaching the people that are watching public television. so we think very carefully about how we are presenting that information to perspectives corporations, and we're always

looking for ways to build as partnerships. we have stations across the country in communities. the number of our stations are involved in doing events with donors, during fund-raising drives. a lot of companies will use opportunities for volunteers. so we're constantly thinking about how can we strengthen those partnerships and we deliver back to the companies that are supporting us. the value for their underwriting. >> i should also add that we don't a little company called point role that is based in pennsylvania, and they serve up an amazing number of ad campaigns were lots of the fortune 1000 companies. and the metrics that they can provide around those advertising campaigns, around just 30 different metrics around the results that those advertisers and marketers are getting is pretty phenomenal. so absolutely an important

issue. >> how about a couple more quick questions? >> i'm wondering why does your organizations are doing to address the issue of newsletters he? that is, to help people that were quickly about the news they're getting from any platform and to be able to differentiate between verified news, which you are doing, and the proverbial blogger in pajamas. >> go ahead. >> i will start. we are thinking a lot about it, and as we are looking for ways to help people decipher news, one of the big initiatives that we're focused on is helping both kids and parents really understand how to navigate, particularly the internet and the veracity of information there. and i think that from our perspective, being able to not only help kids develop some basic literacy in media, which i

think is going to be even more important as we move forward as their such an array of access points for data, that that's the way we commit a big impact. we have a fairly large project that we are involved in nationally called pbs media learning, which is a project to bring our digital assets, both video as well as animations and others into the classroom, for classroom use. if you think about the content that we produce, american experience and so forth, they have a lot of direct classroom application. and so, we've been involved over the last couple of years of taking a very large library and breaking up into small segments that can be used easily in a classroom, which means like a five minute pieces. and then delivering that out of free to any school. it's available through broadband. as part of the work we're doing there, we are thinking very carefully about tools we can

give teachers to use in the classroom around media literacy. we partner with a lot of organizations that have the same concerns and issues, because they think helping kids and actually frankly through kids, back to the parent, figure out how to navigate to the space is going to be critically important. it's a wild west. ..