and, in the opinion, which upheld the principle once again -- i think it was the casey case, one of the justices who was in dissent and did not want to a poll that said that marches, they have had all these marches coming to washington. this is in the opinion of the court, the dissenter. i won't name him but you might able to figure out who he is. all these marches have become from washington. they should know we don't pay any attention to marches. i thought that was so funny because if he didn't pay any attention to marches how did he know there were marches? [laughter] >> that is hilarious. do we have another question back here? [inaudible]

the question benefits -- the question is, who benefits from unemployment? >> my financial adviser, which is a fancy name for a broker, said to me that -- has been saying this to me for months now -- that the unemployment rate, i keep saying why don't people hire people? they have all this cash they are sitting on? she says well, pure and simple, because they in fact that fewer workers they use the greater profits they make and if they outsource everything to some other country where it is cheaper, the greater profits they make, and if they can extend workers, and this is all happening. they make people work harder and longer and be more quote productive." you will see little things in the news about how productive workers are. that just means they have one person to do.the job of three people and if they can do all of

that and have all that cash on hand then you get shareholder value. you can sit on the stop and buy back your stock. is all part of the fundamental economic principle that if you don't give fair wages and working conditions and if you don't have policy, that encourages bad, that capitalism, one of the rules is that it will go wherever everything inputs can be cheaper and then keep selling things to people if they can do that and make money and keep the money. so that is why. unemployment to us is bad. to me it is bad to see people unemployed and jobs and i think about all of the ramifications and the lives and the human beings, being out of work, the social and psychological as well as material ramifications of not having a job and not having any money to depend on. but, if you have that capital stored and you are one of the people who are involved in these companies, then it is a good

thing. they will only start to employ people when they exhaust all of these things that i just told you about. if you can't get a greater profit margin anymore and you have used up as many people as you can use doing one thing, and part of it is political. some people in corporations, and my adviser did not tell me this but i have noticed this, don't want the politics to be the way it is and they figure if they don't do anything to help the job situation, then maybe it will change to some environment that they consider more beneficial to them. that is just the way it is. >> an interesting analysis but not very promising. >> them a call like you said, these corporations and these businesspeople and then we turn around and call them job creators, which to me makes no sense. the essence of creating jobs is you own a business. where like you said if you get

one person to do the job of three people that is what they are going to do. the reality is the middle class of the job creators because when the middle class rises up, the rich and wealthy go up as well because without jobs the rich and wealthy or the middle class are not buying goods and services that create jobs so more money for the middle class, more goods and services bought and the rich will have to hire more people to make the goods and services which in essence creates jobs and the rich and wealthy make our money. it is so simple. >> plus i think we need to provide some kind of cover for those who are unemployed to come out because we don't see them. they cannot be invisible. when you are invisible then it is not a problem that people want to address. there are tens of millions of unemployed people in this country and they are our countrymen and it should be unacceptable in the failure brought democracy. we need to make sure they are

front and center in those images are then we need to make sure people are held accountable to those individuals and they can't write them off. that is part away changing the lexicon and the conversation to get more people employed in pushing the agenda where we needed to be. >> it looks like we have run out of time and fortunate. i think it has been very interesting. we were talking about how jobs and -- are intertwined. we began this symposium talking about jobs and ended up talking about my jobs. is definitely all related and i know we are running out of time for the final comment i want to thank the afl-cio for inviting me to participate in this. it has been a learning experience for me. i would love to all the information i would receive from these distinguished panelists, and i also feel that as a journalist, i have a mission and as a hispanic journalist and i

have believed since i started way back in 1981, and i learned very young in my career that i had a mission and my mission was going to be to have to go above and beyond informing people, that i was going to have to do a little bit of social work because my audience was a little bit different and needed -- had different needs, and additional needs to the rest of the viewing audience. therefore, i have practiced what they call advocacy journalism or what some people criticize his advocacy journalism. as the famous martyr journalist in california once said, if i am being accused of doing advocacy journalism and if that means speaking out for my community and for the rights of my community, then let it eat. that is what i am. [applause]

>> i think you can hear me, i hope. thank you so much maria salinas for being here today. this has been a fabulous and wonderful day, this discussion about jobs and justice. i could tell you that when martin and i were talking about this around april, he said you know, and he went into this unveiling, but we really wanted this space. i want a to be able to have a substantive and serious discussion about economic justice and social justice and freedom. and i think today that we have absolutely done that with both of our fabulous panelists. [applause] thank you so much.

you know the history lesson that we have gotten her with congressman lewis, who made it very clear that if you are going to be in a movement, you have got to have some planning and you have got to be strategic, and then you have got to make some noise. dr. berry talked about what it really means in social justice movements, all pavements and the kind of action and planning and a strategy that one has to have in order to make it successful. we have heard today really from that coalition as the coalition is workers, the unemployed, the dreamers. they are the young people. they are the seniors. we have the power in our hands to make a movement and make some noise. we talked about this, and i

loved it dr. berry when you said it is about freedom certainly justice and freedom go hand-in-hand but it goes with love. so if we truly love, truly love, then it is our obligation to make sure that people are able to go back to work so they can feed their families that they love. if we truly love, we must ensure that our young people have a brighter future ahead of them than they currently have right now. if we truly love, our and lesbian sisters and brothers in this country, must understand that we all are connected because at the end of the day, we are the human race. that is who we are, and that is why we fight and that is why we will go forth. today we have i believe accomplish what we have needed

to do, but we have heard the words and now we must move forward was some action. i cannot let this opportunity pass, because we are in a social media talking about an opportunity for us and one of the things that we are going to be doing is starting on labor day the afl-cio in our community partners will dedicate a new effort to achieving dr. kings vision of economic justice with an america wants to work campaign to put our country back to work. so we need you in the realm. we need the viewing audience, those who run the webcast and c-span. we are urging you to join up in this demand of our leaders to put america back to work. so in fact what you can do right now is, if you have your cell phone's -- i did hear one or two ringing but now you can turn them on and this is easy.

we will only take a few seconds. right now, we would like you to text jobs and two, 235246. got that? jobs too, 35246. to join the america wants to work action team. that is a step. thirdly we will have this discussion about when we march but let us remember that there was a march planned for saturday around jobs and justice are go but who knows? maybe this was a blessing in disguise, because we have got to make sure make sure when we come back here in september or october, that we are marching with a mighty force, but we have an action plan behind it and it continues to be jobs, freedom

and justice. let me just and by thinking all of the afl-cio staff and all of our departments here who were just absolutely amazing in making this a very successful day. we thank you and of course we thank all of you, the participants. let's make some noise. sisters and brothers. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

>> he is a partisan guy who wants to unite people. i mean, all of the problems of the era you could get from the

sky and why we couldn't elect him is the same reason we eventually went to war. they couldn't be resolved. >> he had the misfortune of running against a great military he wrote, dwight eisenhower and so i don't really think that there is any way that adlai stevenson could have one. >> if you think about smith in 1928, lost overwhelmingly to herbert hoover, but pave the way for franklin roosevelt. there are 14 people in this series, many of whom i guarantee viewers may never have heard of and all of them i can pretty much guarantee they will find interesting and fascinating and certainly surprising. >> history professor jean baker, real clear politics editor carl cannon and presidential historian richard norton smith talk about the 14 men who ran

for president and lost tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern and pacific. it is a preview for the contenders, 14 week series on c-span beginning friday, september 9. >> on wednesday, the pentagon held a formal retirement ceremony for general david petraeus. he will be sworn in as cia director on september 6.

during his remarks joint chiefs of staff chairman mike mullen said the general petraeus has left afghanistan closed more secure and hopeful" than a year ago. general petraeus also served as the top commander in iraq and let the military central command. from fort meyer in arlington virginia, this is 90 minutes. >> good morning ladies and gentlemen. welcome to the historic hands in holland today special armed forces will honor in honor of general david h. petraeus united states army former commander nato international security assistance force to the united d states forces in afghanistan who is retiring after 37 years of distinguished service in the united states united states army and our nation. ladies and gentlemen the reviewing official for today's ceremony, general david h. petraeus accompanied by the host, the honorable william lynn deputy secretary deputy secretary of defense and admiral michael mullen chairman of the

joint chiefs of staff. ladies and gentlemen please rise as honors are rendered. ♪ ♪ ♪ [background sounds]

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armed forces participating in today's view from left to right or the united states army band, under the direction of colonel thomas h. -- and led by drum major official craig. elements of the armed forces include the presidential marching platoon from the army's third united states infantry regiment the old guard commanded by captain eric hedstrom and first sergeant robert durbin. the next element on line the united states marine corps honor guard commanded by captain david reshard platoon sergeant sergeant martinez. the colors are one of the most important elements of the military unit as a center of our formation of the armed forces color guard. the service flag of the army and marine corps navy air force and coast guard. the color guard is led by staff sergeant christopher franks. following the navy honor guard lieutenant andrew to hear a petty officer of a petty officer second class. the next element on line is the member of the united states

honor guard commanded by a first lieutenant alex smith and staff sergeant kelly mckinley. the united states coast guard honor guard commanded by patrick fernandez, platoon petty officer and petty officer first class matthew garris. to the rear of the formation of the 50 states territorial flags of the united states commanded by captain mason v12 the bliss and sergeant sergeant first class jason davis. to the right of the formation of presidential salute gun battery commanded by captain thomas gerhardt to the batter is led by sergeant terrence rattigan. marching in the joint staff is army major chase colson marine taylor draped navy lieutenant and one servers in air force first lieutenant jason blanche and coast guard lieutenant jason pansy. ♪

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>> the distinguished service medal is presented to general petraeus is distinguished himself in an army career with achievement in success of the significant speedometers over the course of his nearly four decades in uniform, he was a transformational leader consistently leading the unit and military at large to achieve the most difficult and critical of missions. his leadership resulted in an extraordinary military success with the 101st air bonn division to baghdad and northern iraq to the rapid growth of iraqi security forces to the stemming of horrific violence during the surge of iraq in 2007 and 2008 and the expansion of the fight

against terror to the creation of tangible progress in afghanistan. beyond the immediate military successes, he created a lasting impact on the way the army conducts counterinsurgency operations, the value it places on unity of effort in the scope and death penalty of our nation's international military partnerships. moreover, his leadership and the fight against terrorism across the globe from bosnia to iraq and afghanistan saved countless lives, extraordinary service and pursuit of excellence produced lasting benefits to the army and department of defense. general petraeus' matchless leadership and yielding to duty are keeping with the finist tradition of service reflecting upon himself, united states army, and the department of defense. signed secretary of the army. [applause]

>> the cove innocent of the army, special owrdz by order, the following soldier retired, general david h. petraeus, united states army. general petraeus is now presented with the flag of the united states of america. on the occasion of retirement of this distinguished soldier, we recognize the outstanding

service of his spouse, mrs. holy petraeus. she's awarded department of defense medal for distinguished public service to the united states of america from july 1974 to august 2011. over the course of her nearly four decades with being associated, she's been a releaptless advocate for the military community at large and in particular for military families. 234 all her work, her enthusiasm, determination, and concern for others exemplifies the true spirit of the military spouse and advocate and has been an example as a leader as a military spouse. she helps others to do the same with the twists and turns of military life guiding her family through 23 moving serving as mom and dad for years while her husband was deployed. she brought to bear important work as a lifetime of experience with the military and placed

needs and interest of her family and military community before her own. she's demonstrated unwaiverring determination and sincere commitment to creating positive change and improving the lives of those around her in her community and local voluntary. she reflects upon herself, united states army, and department of defense. signed robert m.gates, secretary of defense. [applause] [applause] >> mrs. petraeus is also presented the army decoration for civilian service and recognition of the public service to the united states

army from july 1974 to august 2011. [applause] [applause] >> at this time, ladies and gentlemen, general petraeus is presented his wife with a bouquet of flowers for her dedication and support. [applause] also at this time, ladies and gentlemen, flowers are presented to mrs. noelton, a gift from general petraeus' daughter anne

and son, steven. [applause] we are proud to recognize general petraeus' devotion to the country and wish him happiness and prosperity in his well-earned retirement. [applause] [applause] [background sounds] [background sounds]

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[background sounds] >> ladies and gentlemen, deputy secretary william lynn. [applause] >> thanks very much, and welcome, admiral mullen, distinguished colleagues, military and civilian side of the department of defense, members of congress, the diplomatic corp., of course, general petraeus, holly, and steven. it's a real honor and pleasure to be here to celebrate the historic career of one of america's finest soldiers, general david petraeus. general petraeus and i have a lot in common. we both hold graduate degrees

from princeton. we worked in the pentagon in the 1990s. general petraeus follows five mile runs with rounds of pushups and pull ups. i'm known for my athletic endurance and watch hours of football with repeated rounds of sports center. [laughter] general petraeus began his career in the shadow of vietnam, but he will be remembered most for his leadership in the decade following 9/11. in a little over a week will mark the 10th anniversary of that decisive moment in american history. we will remember those that we've lost, and we will salute the soldiers, sailors, airmen, marines, and coast guardmen who emerged from this crucible to stand among the greatest generations in our nation's history. the 9/11 generation has been

defined by that day and these wars. 5 million of them that served in uniform, 2 million in combat, their service has changed the course of world events. no one has played a more important role leading this new generation on the battlefield than the man who stands before us today. general petraeus has been both a combat leader and a leading strategist in this post-9/11 world. it is rare for a leader to have both the endurance and charisma to lead troops in war in the force of mind to shape the strategy for that war, but david petraeus has distinguished himself at each. in iraq and afghanistan, our forces fought on battlefields different than we had faced before, different than we had trained for, and different than

we had equipped for. to overcome an unfamiliar enemy, wielding an arsenal of lethal tactics, general petraeus built a counterinsurgency strategy around the adaptability and ingenuity of the 9/11 generation. that strategy enabled the world's most remarkable military to wage a new kind of war. iraq and afghanistan tested our men and women in uniform. they have fested the resilience and agility of our institutional military, and they have tested our nation' resolve, but by acting on his belief that the most powerful weapon, the most powerful tool any soldier carries is not his weapon, but his mind, general petraeus redefined how america fought those wars. the revolution, doctrine, and tactics he inspired not only

delivered iraq from the clutches of violence, but has given the people of afghanistan a fighting chance to determine their future. general petraeus succeeded because of the skill as a soldier and his brilliance as a strategist propelled him at each step of his career. cadet petraeus distinguished himself at west point. soldier petraeus stood out in every command he held. dr. petraeus was commissioned as a political strategist at princeton. professor petraeus taught on the fault of west point. strategist petraeus made his mark on army doctrine with counterinsurgency that you've heard of, and general petraeus led our forces in two of the most dangerous and complex wars our nation has fought becoming a statesman in his own right on the world stage.

he has done all of this while setting an exceptional example of selfless service. when asked by president obama to step down from central command and return to the field, general petraeus did not he hesitate, and now a year later after he's departed for couple, commander and chief called on him again for a very different mission, leading the cia. again, without hesitation, general petraeus pledged to together serving our nation after a 37 year career in uniform. i know our colleagues at the cia are looking forward to those 10 mile morning runs with the new director. [laughter] the selfless devotion to service is a trait shared by the entire petraeus family. his daughter, anne, so

gratefully tolerated her father's absences first in bosnia, then iraq, then iraq, and then iraq again, and then timely in afghanistan. his son, lieutenant steven petraeus, fought in afghanistan under his father's comabd command, and general petraeus' wife, holly, has spent her entire life as the daughter, the wife, now the mother of a soldier, and she, too, excepted president obama's call to serve by helping to protect our service members and their families from fraud and financial hardship. holly, your life and your work honors all who stand with those why uniform. [applause] general petraeus, as you bring

your relentless drive to a new institution, you leave behind a military that is forever een -- indebted. you have proven yourself the greatest kind of patriot, a man who so cherishes our country's ideal, not afraid to challenge the institutions that guard them. by transforming our military from within, you have showed us all how to honor tradition by remaking it. though after today you will no longer wear the uniform, you'll always be a soldier. you have lived the creed, set forth by another great army general at the battle of the bulge. faced with orders to execute dare maneuver, general patten said this, i am a soldier, i fight where i am told, and i win where i fight. david, good luck, and god speed. [applause]

[applause] [background sounds] >> ladies and gentlemen, admirable mullen. [applause] >> secretary lynn, general petraeus, holly, steven, anne, mrs. nolton, ambassadors, members of congress, and other distinguished visitors, it's a

great privilege for debra and i do join you today at the grounds of the old guard. this is a place that both sanctifies our past and he recalleds our future, -- heralds our future, and i cannot think of a better location to pay tribute to two national treasures, dave and holly petraeus. i know dave and holly are pleased to have their children, anne and steven, here to share on this occasion. anne, an accomplished graduate like hermon is attending graduate school at unc, and first lieutenant steven petraeus, mit class of 2009, recently returned from a highly successful employment in afghanistan as secretary lynn shared. when steven called his father in baghdad to tell him he wanted to go into the army, dave's first reaction was a smart one. he said, you better call your

mother. [laughter] then steven told him, dad, i did. she told me to call you. [laughter] i'm glad my house is not the only one that works that way. [laughter] steven, well done, and welcome back, but after hearing a little about the year you've had, i have to wonder if your big sister's planned to spend the next year as a grad student in chapel hill is starting to look good right about now. i'm indeed honored to be here and honored to call dave petraeus a friend. when i first got to know dave in 2004, i was gratified to learn we had some important things in common. we were both veer rashes readers and learned the lessons from vietnam would fever permeate our perspectives and married women blessed with strong spirited service, and let's be honest, a great deal of tolerance as

well. dave at that time had just returned to iraq and after a few short months at home, was overseaing a task organizing and training a new iraqi army amid a very challenging security environment. he was impressed with his energy, innovative thinking, and his results. by the time he left in late 2005, he had grown the ranks to nearly 200,000 iraqi soldiers and police, a force that would prove crucial to winning the peace in the years that followed. while this achievement by any measure would be considered astounding, i frankly wasn't that surprised because by this time i knew like so many before me, that when it comes to the art of the possible, there's general dave petraeus and then there's everybody else. i suspect it's been that way for a long, long time.

this was the young local boy who would sneak into west point to play on its historic athletic fields some day because they were the most beautiful along the hudson, but dave knew this was where his true destiny awaited him. his classmates remember him as strategic and measured and peaches. [laughter] someone who would one day, and i quote, "run of army in ten years, and that's when he was in high school." on the soccer field, dave was the pace setter, who as a classmate remembers, was always good at seeing the next shot. indeed, through his ain't to see that next -- ability to see that next shot, see around the corners, most of us don't, dave has, over the last decade, advised two presidents, changed the course of two wars, transformed our military, and perhaps more important of all, most important

of all, reminded americans once again that with the right ideas and the right leadership, almost anything is possible. quite simply, general david petraeus set the gold standard in the modern era. what elevates dave more than others is not just to visualize victory, but the will, the determination, and the resilience to see it through. he has done this his entire life from early successes, finishing at the top of his class in west point, ranger school, and to equally impressive operation name successes in company and battalion command at an age far earlier than his peers. when he led the airborne division in iraqi freedom, his deployment of the

counterinsurgency principles helped to make mosal an early success for the coalition. it was said that no force worked harder to win iraqi hearts and minds than the 101st air assault division led by petraeus. when he returned back to the states after his second tour in iraq, my good friend, pete shoemaker, chief of staff of the army at the time told him bluntly to shake up the army, dave. dave took the chief at his word setting out to do nothing less than recast the way our nation fights its wars. in concert with general jim maddis, they assembled a diverse team drafting the field manual which would not only serve as the blue print for our successes in iraq and afghanistan, but would also go on to become a best seller. only dave petraeus can take a military manual and make it a great stocking stuffer.

[laughter] dave encouraged not just physical, but intellectual strength, charging this generation of young leaders to understand the true purpose of power as a force for good, and that in sharing risk with those we protect, we build the trust and partnerships so crucial to success, but dave did not just write the book on counterinsurgency; he put it in practice like no other under the toughest of circumstances. when general petraeus took command of the multinational force iraq in early 2007, it was a time of doubt, of chaos, and of death. around the nation and around the world, skeptics questioned whether another change in strategy or leadership could make a difference, and that change was hard as our troops moved out into the cities and towns of iraq, casualties were high, and the fight relentless, yet, dave never waiverred, and

even in the face of a tough fight in iraq and a tough political climate here in washington, he rose above it all as he always has. on the morning of september 10th early 2007 as he prepared for what would be a historic set of hearings on the war in iraq, dave received a special message there a hometown friend, the poem, "if" by roger kipling. he commented later this iconic poem happened to be his favorit%

>> it was natural to assume the reigns executing afghanistan and pakistan strategy he helped design, and last summer, the president would turn to dave yet again, this time to lead our efforts in afghanistan. while the circumstances of this request were unexpected, dave's response was not. he promptly picked up, ready to lead another critical mission at its most critical moment in history. afghanistan is now a more secure and hopeful place than a year ago, and while dave would be the first to tell you that a lot of hard deadly work remain, the progress has never been more reel or the prospects more

encourages, yet, no soldier fights alone, and i'm certain dave will soon thank his troops and his family, i, too, want to add my appreciation to those who made his lifetime of service possible. holly petraeus has known no other than military life. in 37 years of marriage, the petraeuss moved 23 times. i'm sure holly hopes this next job lasts longer so she can take the movers off speed dial. [laughter] through the moves and separations, holly managed to advocate for military families and has been especially passionate in her efforts 20 protect the finances of our military families, so this morning i join thousands upon thousands of the military families to say thank you, holly, for your support and your sacrifice and reaching beyond the boundaries to make a

difference for so many. [applause] anne and steve, i thank you for love and support you gave your dad and sharing him with us especially as your dad has been deployed for the better decade of this conflict. i know he's deeply proud of both of you. david, you've run the race well, swifter and surer than the rest, and you know stand among the giants, not just in our time, but of all time. joining the likes of grant and marshall and eisenhower as one of the great battle captains of american history. you've expanded our view of the possible, inspiring our military on to historic achievements during some of the most trying times america has ever known, and today, you depart our ranks with the sincere thanks of a

grateful nation. as you take the helm of the central intelligence agency, your ability to see the next shot and around the corners will never be more important, and we're blessed you'll continue to serve and lead during these dynamic and uncertain times. td lawrence, a man who knew about insurgencies once said all men dream, but not equally. those who dream by night in the dusty recesses of their minds waken the day to find that it was vanity, but the dreamers of the day are dangerous men, for they may act their dreams with open eyes to make it possible. david petraeus has indeed been a dreamer of the day, dangerous to our enemies, but no greater friend to those with whom he fought alongside and fought for.

he's been a dreamer with a vision and a plan to get there. dave, you remain the brightest star in the constellation, and you'll be missed by all of us. god bless you and the entire petraeus family, and may god continue to bless the united states of america. [applause] [applause] [background sounds] [background sounds] >> ladies and gentlemen, general petraeus.

[applause] >> well, thank you very much, secretary lynn, admiral mullen, members of congress, cabinet, service secretaries, members of the joint chiefs of staff, combat and commanders, fellow alumni of the great u.s. military class of 1974, -- not yet, not yet -- [laughter] enthuse yat tick bunch. other guests, distinguished members of the u.s. military, ladies and gentlemen, thank you all for being here this morning and for helping to make a very special occasion even more special by your presence. secretary lynn and admiral mullen, thank you for your very kind and generous words and honors you bestowedded on holly and me. needless to say, i can only accept the medal presented this

morning, and as much as i do so on behalf of those whom i was privileged to serve with in iraq and afghanistan. this medal is by rights their medal, and i will wear it for them. more importantly, thank you for your unyielding commitment to the troopers and their families, and thanks as well to presidents bush and obama and secretaries gates and petraeus family -- penetta for the time of leading in iraq, afghanistan, and the central command area of responsibility. i cannot imagine a more meaningful ceremony than that which the joint service honor guards are conducted here today. the soldiers, sailors, airmen, marines, and coast guardsmen on parade before us represent all the members of all our services. men and women who on a daily basis nobly serve around the world. it has been the greatest of

privileges to command joint forces in combat for much of the past decade, and i appreciate secretary panetta offering a joint service today so i can recognize our military services individual and collective contributions. indeed, i'd ask that you join me in thanking those on the field today and all those they represent for their characteristically outstanding performance. thanks. [applause] when i asked holly for her thoughts on my remarks today, she responded with two words, "be brief. asking a four star general to go before a microphone is probably asking more than a bit much, but i'll do my best to follow my wise wife's counsel.

a time like this is a time for thanks and reflection. thanks to the countless individuals who made the last 37 years so wonderful, so rewarding, and so memorable for my family and me and reflection on the extraordinary privilege of serving during the time of enormous consequence for our country and our partners around the world. president teddy roosevelt was fond of observing that life's greatest gift is hard work worth doing. i have enjoyed that gift many times over since raising my right hand on the first of july, 1971, and as a brand new west appointment cadet resiting the -- reciting the oath of office for the first time. i remember it like it was yesterday, packing the one bag we could take, getting into the car with my mother and father and driving the seven curvey

mountain around king mountain. i had grown up in the shadow of west point and spent my childhood on the hudson river sailing with my dad. we felt anxious and my parents both now deceased entrusted their only son to the u.s. military. i join the long gray line that is one of our country's greatest institutions. i studied the values, traditions, and standards that acted as guide posts throughout my career and began forging the friendships that have sustained me ever since. in fact, as i noted, there is a wonderful group of my classmates here today, and i would ask that they stand and be recognized, the pride of the corp. 74. [applause] [cheers and applause]

don't accuse me of differentiating between those two get shade and those who don't -- [laughter] i'm sure someone else did that. [laughter] well at west point, i not only received an education and earned a commission, i also met the woman who would become my wife, indeed the best decision i ever made was replying, sure, happy to do it when asked if i would escort a visiting co-ed to a weekend football game. what i didn't know at the time is that the co-ed was the superintendents daughter and she was supposed to be with one of my classmates. after initial trepidation from both sides, we hit it off. we were married 10 months later, and holly's been the bedrock of our family ever sense. she's an army daughter, army

wife, and now an army mother, but she is also much more. she's been mrs. dad for the bulk of the past decade while i was deployed. she served as the first lady of one of our army's largest posts while vir coolly all 25,000 soldiers were down range in iraq. since our kids went to college, she supported military men and women and their families by establishing and leading programs at the better business bureau, and now at the new siewcial financial protection bureau. holly was recently described in an npr profile as small, attractive, smart, and a pit bull. [laughter] i'm glad she's been on my side for 37 wonderful years. needless to say, i'll never adequately express my love and appreciation for all she's done, but i can at least say here this morning, thanks, hol, i love you. [applause]

as has been noted, holly and i have been blessed with two terrific kids, anne and steve. while it's been great to watch them grow up to become the people they are today. anne is a grad student studying to become a registered di tigs, passionate about eating right, run, and cut unhealth cashes. happy to note her determination that liquids that violate central command order number one are not deemed to be unhealthy carbs. our son steve who we moved three times in high school was nonetheless his high school's valedictorian and went to mit, and while there, he joined rotc. he's now serving with the 173rd airborne brigade in italy having completed a tour with the brigade in afghanistan as an

airborne infantry platoon leader. anne and steve, thank you both for who you are. needless to say, your mom and i are very proud of you. they say that behind every successful man is a surprised mother-in-law. [laughter] in my case, it's a sportive, loving, and proud mother-in-law. along with holly's father and three brothers, she welcomed me into the nolton family and made me a 4th son. general nolton passed away, but i hope he's looking down as his wife and me are enjoying the ceremony where he and mrs. nolton were recognized after their 37 and a half years of service. as i listen to the music being played during today's ceremony, i heard familiar strains, the victory division song, the dog face soldier, we have a rendezvous with destiny, and the all american soldier, the songs of the divisions with which i

soldiered over the years, and be assured, classmates, that was, indeed, the official west point march, the thumper that was played during the inspection of troops. during my years in uniform with those units from the mid 1970s until the present, our military rose from the depths it hit in the early post-vietnam era developing into the great force that serves our nation today, a force that is without question the best experienced, best equipped, finest military to serve our nation. in truth, the army i joined had suffered enormously. in the wake of our involvement in vietnam, the army and military were grappling with a host of very serious challenges. i know i speak for many when i say that we came away from that period vowing to never let our forces get to such a point ever again. in the ensuing years, determined

leaders transformed what was described as the hollow army and exhausted military. reworked together to join forces that prevailed with capability and panama in the gulf war, that demonstrated versatility and peace keeping operations in haiti and the bulkans and carried out challenges missions in iraq and afghanistan. looking back, the resurrection of our military was nothing short of remarkable. indeed, we owe enormous debt to the individuals so important to that rebirth. men like generals galvin, goreman, vono, richardson, shelton, franks, fully, mcneill, these and imnumerable other great leaders from my

services and others provided the leadership, organizational skills, and drive that guided our forces as they rose again like a phoenix. many of them from all our services are here this morning, and i want to ask them to stand so that we can express our gratitude and that includes you, chairman, and all the of our serving joint chiefs members and combatant commanders. thank you, all, so much. please stand. stand up, chief. [applause] they were joined in this effort, of course, by a renewed noncommissioned offers corp., what that is the backbone of the military and envy of militaries around the world. men like my first platoon sergeant or my wingman for four combat commands, commands

sergeant major marvin hill, a man who exemp fies the initiative energy, professional competence, and above all, inspirational leadership of our non-commissioned officer corp. and who is here with us today representing that great non-commissioned officer corp., and i ask, sergeant mayor, you stand, and step out on the field so we can recognize you as well. [applause] [cheers and applause] together, these determined visionary senior leaders and gifted non-commission officers mentored the captains and lieutenants, the sergeants and specialists for they knew they would inherit the mantle of leadership. our nation and i in particular begin the commands i've had

since 9/11 owe these generals and officers a debt of gratitude for their extraordinary service during a critical period in our nation's history. of course, our military went through a further transformation in the early years of our engagements in iraq and afghanistan. we refined the dock run, overhauled the training scenarios, and revamped training events on the so-called road to deployment. these, and other changes, helped renew the retrieval of a desperate situation in iraq, progress against al-qaeda, and reversal of the taliban momentum in afghanistan. it was a privilege to play a part in that process while in the state's between tours 234 iraq with my great marine buddy and shipmate jim maddis and greatest of honors to help put our ideas into practice in iraq

and afghanistan and the greater central command area of responsibility. it is one needless to say to see so many of those who contributed to those critical efforts here with us today. as a chairman noted, another transformational leader, general said shake up the army, dave, and we did our best to do just that, and i'd now like to ask all who helped to do just that, the commanders in the field, my brain trusts, executives, aids, personal staff, and others whom i've been privileged to serve in a host of different assignments since 9/11 to stand so that we can say thanks to each of you as well. [applause] we are now approaching a

similarly difficult period. the future requirements include main taping pressure on al-qaeda, continuing the draw down in iraq, and commencing reductions in afghanistan, all while sustaining our hard fought, hard won, but still fragile progress in those areas. this will be done, of course, against the backdrop of ongoing change in the middle east and difficult budget decisions here at home. as these decisions are made, we should never forget that the u.s. military is composed of many parts, exceptional ships, planes, ground systems, unparalleled systems and infrastructure, the finest of high technology, and world class networks that enable all that we do, but as all here appreciate i know the essence, the core of our military is and always will be its people, men and women who

raise their right hands and recite the oath of enlistment even though they know that agent may result in them deploying into a combat zone where they are asked once again to put it all on the line day after day in heat and numbing cold in caff lar never knowing when they go outside the wire whether they are greeted with a grenade or handshake, but ready to respond appropriately to either. our men and women in uniform are sustained in this exceedingly challenging effort by their families and their communities. wives and husbands, moms, dads, daughters and sons, all who without complaints move post to post each time making the new unit, a family, the house a home, and the neighborhood a community. these uncommon individuals

unfailingly support us when at home and do even more for us when we are gone be it for a three-day field exercise or a third tour down range. they, in turn, are supported by civilian communities across our great nation, around posts like fort brag, north carolina, fort campbell kentucky, communities where holly and i were privileged to serve and that are wonderfulfully represented here this morning -- wonderfully represented here this morning. the towns around these and posts and bases across the land have been incredibly staunch supporters of the military families and supportive of the petraeus petraeus family in recent years, and i'd like to ask all our civilian community supportives to stand so that we in uniform can say thanks to each of you as well. [applause]

i want to single out one of those supporters in particular. ken fisher. indeed, i think no one individual in our country has done more for our wounded warriers and their families than has he and his organization. the fisher houses that he has with his great team built at military bases and hospitals across our country and overseas have made an enormous difference in the lives of families when they had most needed help and support and, ken, i'd like to ask you to stand so we can give a special thanks to you as well if i can figure out where you are. there he is. thanks, ken. [applause] as our nation contemplates

difficult budget decisions, i know that our leaders will remember that our people, our men and women in uniform are our military and that taking care of them and their families must be our paramount objective. beyond that, it's imperative to maintain a force that not only capitalizes on extraordinary experience and expertise in ranks today, but maintains the versatility developed over the past decade in particular. now please rest assured i'm not out to give one last boost to the counterinsurgency field manual or try to recute you in the nation. i do, believe, however, we have relearned the timeless lesson that we don't always get to fight the wars for which we're most prepared or most inclined. given that reality, we will need to maintain the full spectrum capability that we have developed over this last decade

of conflict in iraq, afghanistan, and elsewhere, but, again, i know that that fact is widely recognized. indeed, i take my final pass in review in uniform with a sense of great confidence in our military and in our country. despite the innewspaperble challenges that face the world, i believe in our country, system of government, and above all, our men and women in uniform. moreover, those assuming leadership positions in our military, those about to step forward, our classmate, admiral sandy, and many others i know that they will guide our forces superbly. they are experienced, forthright, they have vision, and they will provide secretary panetta and president obama thoughtful, principled advice. as i reflect on the extraordinary opportunities i've

had over the past 37 years, i recall the familiar words of teddy roosevelt's man in the arena speech. it is not the critic who counts, roosevelt stated, not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. the credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust, sweat, and blood, strives, and errors and comes up short again and again because there's no effort without error or shortcoming, but who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions, who spends himself for a worthy cause, who at the best knows in the end that triumph of high achievement and who at the worst if he fails at least fails while daring greatly so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who knew neither victory nor

defeat. i have been privileged to serve in the arena together with america's findist, its men and women in uniform, as well as with the finist diplomats, officials, and coalition partners, and i single out our great nato representatives, ambassador mark sadwell who was here as well as exemplary of them. all of them have been magnificent, and the members of our young generation in uniform in particular have earned the distinction tom brokaw gave to them. after a great day with us in iraq in 2003, he shouted to me over the noise of a health continuer before going back to baghdad, surely, general, this is america's new greatest generation. i agreed with him then, and i agree with him now, and i was delighted to see that title used on the cover of "time" two weeks ago for a wonderful piece by joe

kline. when the great general and i visited in afghanistan, a commander said how many 4ths of july i was deployed over the past decade or so. when i answered eight of the past 11, he thanked me for my service and sacrifice. i responded and said, in fact, the privilege has been all mine. it's been the greatest of the honors to soldier with our nation's greatest generation in tough, but important endeavors for the bulk of that time. i can imagine no greater honor. before closing, i also want to remember reverendly, those who have given the last full measure of devotion in our endeavors in recent years. they and their families must never be forgotten. in a poem published a few years ago, a britter trooper deployed in afghanistan captured

elegantly the emotions of those who serve and those who sacrifice. he wrote, "and what is asked of the service we give? no high praise or riches if we should live, just silence from friends, our name on a wall if this time around it is i that fall." to the families, friends, and countrymen of those who have fallen, and to all those who have served and sacrificed on behalf of our cause, i offer my deepest respect and my eternal gratitude. as i close, i know that i can speak for holly in saying that our journey with the u.s. military has been an amazing one, in truth, one that doesn't end today even though we are about to begin an exciting new journey with another extraordinary organization. let me conclude by again

extending our deepest thanks to each of you gathered here, to all those whom we soldiered since 1974, and indeed to all the members of our armed forces and their family members. may god bless each of you, our great country, and most importantly, our men and women in uniform and their families. thank you very much. [applause] [applause] [applause] [applause] [applause]

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♪ ♪ >> ladies and gentlemen this concludes today's ceremony. guests are welcome to join the general petraeus of the plug immediately following the ceremony. thank you for your attendance and enjoy the rest of your day. [applause]

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recently interviewed president obama. we spoke with the 12-year-old on today's washington journal. this is about five minutes. you >> host: if you remember fromour your elementary school days you may remember scholastic news and to reporters sitting down with president scholastic news. two reporters sat down with president obama. one of the two to sit down with the president was jacob from new mexico. >> if you could sit down with a conference with one of these founding fathers which one would it be? >> that's a pretty good question. i've always thought that benjamin franklin would be an interesting guy to talk to.

not only was he a great politician and somebody who helped organize our country but also a great scientist and a good businessman. they say he was a really funny guy. a good writer. he had a lot of different interests that would make him somebody that i would really enjoy having dinner with. host: other issues in the interview including u.s. constitution, economy education. the students had a chance to meet b on the dog. jacob is on the phone life from new mexico. 12 years old. thank you for being with us on c-span. caller: good morning. host: how did you get selected? what was 9 process to do this

interview? caller: i'm not sure exactly. i know i have a background of interviewing political leaders. that might be why. host: tell us about the experience. i was flown to washington, d.c. i got to take a white house tour. the white house was really incredible. host: the two of you sitting down with the president, how did you co-lab rate determining who would ask what? >> we just traded off the questions. we worked with our editor to come up with those questions so they would under our readers. available on line. the cover story is called "we the people." were you nervous?

>> not exactly. i was more excited than nervous. host: did the president answer all your questions? >> yes. he answered every one. he answered them really well and gave really creative answers. host: how much time did you spend with president obama? >> 20, 25 minutes as an estimation host: when you do an interview like that, there's always a question you don't have time for. what would you have asked that you didn't? >> i would have liked to ask the president about how he trained his dogs. w4 b on the first dog came in. the president used the same commands as we did our dog. i want to learn more about that. >> we should point out that

scholastic news is the longest running student reporting program. how did you get involved with this? caller: i was reading the story. i applied by writing what is special about the state of new mexico. host: do you want to be a journalist when you get older? >> that would be fun to do i might even want to be the president of the united states but i want want to start out with owning a big corporation. host: jacob was one of two reporters to down with the president.

scholastic news is accepting application through october 11 for kid reporters. visit

this week, communicators several of the nation's top cybersecurity analysts look at the nature of cyber threats against the u.s. and what they suggest is strengthen u.s. systems. we talk with james lewis of the center for strategic and international studies, alan of the sam's institute and kathryn this is the last series. >> this is week four in laurel, communicators and cybersecurity inside or threats that face the u.s.. this week we have invited three cybersecurity experts to join us to talk about some of these issues. first off, james lewis who is the director of the technology and public policy program at speed. he also worked on the president's recent cybersecurity report. also joining us is catherine

litronate, she is the director of the cybersecurity project georgetown university. she served in the general counsel office of the cia and also worked on the president's foreign intelligence advisory board during the george w. bush administration alan paller of the sans institute teaches cybersecurity training and he was also an adviser to president clinton and president bush administrations at different levels. thank you all for being here today. we sure appreciate it. if i could start with a question for all three of you and mr. alan, we will start with you. how would you assess the cybersecurity threats currently facing the u.s., and are we doing enough to confirm them? they are exclusive, expansive, they are getting larger and getting more sophisticated and although we are doing a lot with going further and further behind every week. >> why? >> because the technology of the

attackers is accelerating and the sharing of data is elegant, and our technology to stop it is not catching up and it is abysmal. >> what is the solution? >> we know what to do meaning people have found wonderful solutions across the different arena as but most people aren't doing it since you have examples where good things are happening and a whole lot of reasons why other people aren't doing them and most of the reasons are many and i don't mean they don't have enough money i mean people are making so much money doing the wrong thing they don't want to search of fur and to the right thing? >> catherine litronate? >> they are getting more sophisticated and complicated and there will continue and in terms of where we are doing on the defensive side you can never do enough defensively and it's never going to be perfect security so there'll be a movement and i think there is to think of of the defensive side

and start thinking more offensively and we are talking at an asian state level so international engagements become critically important. >> can you give an example of what you mean by offense? >> it is very much tied to the defense and there are technologically related as well as the policy and legal interconnected part of it is knowing the offensive capability and using them so it's not going to be 100%. one than it is logical to come to the conclusion as many have been used to see what is referred to as a more aggressive defense. we get into the area of more aggressive defense rather from the government or the product and this is an important aspect of the role of the private sector that is in effect offensive work. some termed it a more aggressive

defense, more aggressive security. >> james lewis, same question. >> i don't believe in threats. i think when you have is a remarkably in secure infrastructure built that way, insecure the way the internet works now. people take advantage of it and the criminal sides eventually maybe we will see terrorists so what i see is a place where there's no penalty for doing that and it's probably on a taxable so when i look at i think what is it we need to change to make this a safer environment? >> so far we haven't done very much. the u.s. position has been to rely on the private sector and rely on the market forces. that works so well in all of the fields of national security. no it doesn't work at all and that is part of it. so we need to rethink what we are doing and that is proving to be difficult in the current political climate. >> in secure book, and fixable,

in a mess, sold about cybersecurity keeps you awake at night? what is your biggest fear? >> nothing keeps me awake at night about cyber security. i don't think we are facing any sort of drastic attack in the near future. right now as far as i can tell the only people who have the capability that can do real harm to our big countries like china and russia and a few others who are going to attack us for fun. when it you see those capabilities spread to people like the jihadis or north korea the have to worry and peoples and usually we of summer between two to five years before they get cyberattack capabilities. sometimes i worry a chinese spy or russian criminal might act as a trip over something in cyberspace and cause an immense blackout or crash wall street but that's the other thing we've to worry about is somebody that

is playing around and makes a mistake. >> what is your response to that? >> the parallel alladi use is we have traditionally been or 50 years ago drivers need to drive more safely. we are still dying in large numbers. until we meet the roads and the cars safer we begin to have a chance to have people driving safely and staying healthy. we are building -- - what he means is the computers coming out indefensible and they are indefensible because it is cheaper to build the system you can defend the networks that we were gone are not defending us meaning if you work at boeing they protect you as an employee and if you don't and you work with an isp they don't do anything to protect you unless you pay a lot of money so the networks are unsafe and computers are unsafe and the user's mick mystics the users making mistakes are the smallest part of that.

>> i think we just have to accept and get used to working networks in the system where it is not secure and we have to anticipate that we've been compromised and learn how to operate while what compromise. i think that's the reality of it. but, good hygiene, all that, the standards, they are good to do. i still believe not 100% security. i think i've spent most of my time thinking about the calculated strategic approach of the nation states in this space and there are states that have reorganized themselves, created criminal cyber command some have hired and trained as a part of their military army cyber warriors and when the states do that they are serious about it. it may not be tomorrow that we see that coming and they may start with the theft of

intellectual property that has happened prior to the engagement in the conventional warfare. but it is more the state to state and even those that deal with those, the crees and individuals or the lone wolf's, they are in somebody's jurisdiction and somebody's state and so the key to that is the engagement with the state actors and to get at even the wrong individuals that are doing this. >> the one thing maybe we want to make clear is i don't think there is ever going to be a pure cyberworld. you might see terrorists do a cyberattack, standalone but no country is crazy enough to keep him on the cyber weapons because they just aren't that good. we could do some harm you're not going to win any war with the cyberattack. >> let me bring into the conversation bordon of the "wall street journal." >> thanks again for joining us. on the front question, we have seen a lot more public acknowledgment of the cyber attacks in the last year, and i

wonder because we have seen a slew of discussions about, you know, the attempts on nasdaq, the attack on the iranian nuclear facilities, an attack on the computer security firm, so i'm wondering what you have seen in terms of these attacks that have concerned you if anything or if the attacks shouldn't be of concern. let me start with jim. >> they shouldn't be a concern but neither of us knew. you have espionage that has been going on since the early 1980's. you have crime. and i'm sorry i'm not in the business some day is the cybercrime that's been going on for at least a decade and then you have the military potential. a few years ago at the idaho national labs we solve the tests that showed that you could destroy critical infrastructure

with cyberattack. so none of this is new. what concerns me is we are figuring out how to protect ourselves. right now we are still sort of defending on our fasting and prayer and i don't think it is working very well. >> i think that the effect on the attack on the other iranian nuclear facility was a significant game changer. it indicates and shows that the us labor is not just limited but it is a problem on the intellectual property theft and espionage but that this is a political tool and one that can be legitimate and a member of argument, but i was a significant. the point is and estonia, to mecca but it was an indication of where we are at and where the states may go. >> alan?

>> it had one troubling effect on one site about 15,000 copies got out in order to get to that site and the copies in the hands of people who can learn from it. two things happened one as it became acceptable in some circles to use physical damage to the critical resources and the resources are out there but i guess in a different way i think that i call it the awakening and public knowledge i think maybe what is needed is a pattern of security people like to write about it and not do anything about it and although we can't get to 100% we can raise a lot higher without damaging operations. we can do a lot of good if we get out of the left and right and spend our money and actually make the systems more secure.