tv U.S. Senate CSPAN September 8, 2011 5:00pm-8:00pm EDT
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the presiding officer: yes. order, please. thank you. the leader. mr. reid: thank you. mr. president. we have one more vote. we have four minutes and then we'll have vote on final passage of this important piece of legislation. the president's speech is at 7:00. we'll gather here at 6:30 to proceed to the house chamber. when the president's speech is over, we're going to come back here and i will move to table the -- move to proceed. i'm sorry. i have table on the head. we'll move to proceed to the debt ceiling vote that we know is coming. if that motion to proceed fails, then we will be through for the week as far as votes go. if the vote to proceed is
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affirmative in nature, we'll be back tomorrow. there will be 10 hours that are allowed -- we don't have to use all 10 hours, but we'll have to finish this matter tomorrow. so i think it's clear that i would hope that we don't proceed to that, but we'll have to see. i'm here tomorrow. we are going to -- that vote will start very quickly tonight, as soon as the vote is over, a number of senators will be here to -- we'll be in recess subject to the call of the chair. the vote will start very quickly. i will also say that we will -- i have talked to the republican leader about how we're going to proceed next week. we don't have that defined because i'm waiting to hear from the speaker either tonight or tomorrow to make that more definite as to what we need to do next week. again, we have one more vote after the president's speech tonight. mr. president, no one moved to reconsider that last vote that was taken, is that right? the presiding officer: that is
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correct. mr. reid: then i would do so. the presiding officer: noted. without objection. okay. there are now four minutes equally divided prior to the vote on the passage of the measure. who yields time? mr. leahy: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from vermont. order, please. order, please. the presiding officer: the senator from vermont. mr. leahy: could we have order. the presiding officer: take your conversations outside. the senator from vermont. mr. leahy: six months ago, the
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senate approved the america invents act to make the first meaningful comprehensive reform to the nation's patent system in nearly 60 years. today the senate has come together once again. this time it sends the important job-creating legislation to the president to be signed into law. we cast aside partisan rhetoric, we worked together in a bipartisan and bye -- bicameral matter, and so the congress sends president obama the most significant jobs bill of this congress. the bill originated six years ago in the house of representatives when chairman smith and mr. berman introduced the first patent reform proposals. dozens of coverage hearings, markup sessions, briefings, countless meetings. through two presidential administrations and three congresses, it's final -- finally a reality. the leahy-smith america invents act is a bipartisan bill, a bipartisan accomplishment. we in washington can do for our
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constituents when we come together. i want to thank senator kyl for his work in bringing this bill to the floor of the senate twice. senator grassley for his commitment to making patent reform the judiciary committee's top priority this year, chairman smith in the other body deserves credit for leading the house consideration in this important bill and i look forward to working with him on the next intellectual priority, combating online infringement. i thank the members of the judiciary committee who worked together to get quorums, to get this passed, to get contributions. if i could, mr. president, i'd like to acknowledge several members of my judiciary committee staff, especially aaron cooper who sits here beside me. he spent more hours than i even want to think about or his family wants to think about. other senators, as susan davies before him did. other senators, members of the
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house, others. ed begano, my chief of staff, who kept everybody together on this, and of course bruce cohen, my chief counsel on the judiciary committee who every time i thought maybe we're not going to make it would give me -- would tell me you have got to keep going and he was right. eric khabibulinot, scott wilson -- the presiding officer: the senator's time has expired. mr. leahy: i ask consent for 30 more seconds. i wish to commend the hard-working staff of other senators. chairman smith's dedicated staff. now it will be the law of the land. i thank all my colleagues who worked together on this. the presiding officer: the clerk will read the bill -- a senator: mr. chairman. mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from washington. ms. cantwell: mr. president,
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rising in opposition, this is not a patent reform bill. this is a big corporation patent giveaway that tramples on the rights of small inventors. it changes first to invent to first to file, which means if you're a big corporation and have lots of resources, you will get there and get the patent. secondly, it doesn't keep the money where it belongs. it belongs in the patent office. and yet instead of having reforms that will help us expedite patents, it is giving the money away that is needed to make this kind of innovation work. third, the bill is full of special giveaways to particular industry corporations as we have just witnessed with votes on the floor. and fourth, by taking away the business patent method language, you will make it more complicated and have years and years of lawsuits on patents
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that have already been issued. if this is job creation, i got news for my colleagues, it is siding with corporate interests against the little guy. i urge a no vote. mr. leahy: mr. president, i ask for the yeas and nays on final passage. the presiding officer: is there a sufficient second? appears to be. the yeas and nays are ordered. the clerk will read the bill for the third time. the clerk: calendar 87, h.r. 1249 to to to provide for patent reform. the presiding officer: the question occurs on passage of h.r. 1249. the clerk will call the roll. vote:
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bill is passed. mr. reid: mr. president, i move to reconsider that vote. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. reid: i also move to lay that on the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. reid: mr. president, i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to a period of morning business until 6:107 p.m. today -- 6:10 p.m. with senators permitted to speak for ten minutes each. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. reid: i also ask unanimous consent that upon the conclusion of the joint session the senate stand in recess subject to the call of the chair. the presiding officer: without objection. a senator: mr. president? the presiding officer: the senator from montana. mr. tester: on sunday this nation will pause to remember a painful day in american history. on september 11, 2001, i was glued to the radio in my pickup on a long drive back home to big sandy. it wasn't until i stopped at a billings restaurant that i finally saw on tv what i had heard about all day.
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the pictures were surreal. although the attacks of 9/11 weren't america's first test of uncertainty, all of us knew this nation would change forever. and the hours and days and weeks following the attacks of september 11, 2001, americans, neighbors and perfect strangers joined together to fill the streets despite their differences. they poured out their support. they redefined the united states of america. i knew then that this tkpraeut nation would over -- that this great nation would overcome. events that unite us will always make us stronger. i was reminded of that on may 2 when navy seals found and brought swift justice to osama bin laden prompting spontaneous celebrations across montana and the rest of the country. we must never lose sight of our ability to find common ground and work together on major issues that affect us all.
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we have much more in common than not, and we should never forget that. it's what built this country. it's what made this the best nation on earth. and we need to summon that spirit again as we work to rebuild our economy. mr. president, over the past decade we've been reminded of some powerful troops that we can never afford to lose sight of. we can never take the security of this country for granted. there are and sadly always will be people out there bent on destroying what america stands for: taking innocent lives with them. they're always looking for the weakest links in our security. they are trained and well financed. but our nation's troops, our intelligence agents, our law enforcement and border security officers are even better trained. i am particularly concerned about weaknesses along the montana northern border with canada. up until recently only a few orange cones in the middle of a
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road protected the country from terrorism. unfortunately the days when orange cones did the trick are behind us. i have worked on the homeland security committee to improve this and things are better than they were a decade ago. we are working to achieve the right mix of people, technology and know-how to secure the northern border. we have been reminded melt's military can do anything asked of them. after pearl harbor day hundreds of montanans signed up to defend our country after 9/11. i stand in deep appreciation for the men and women who signed up. i thank them for their sacrifice and patriotism. in the years since 9/11, american forces paid a tremendous price in iraq and afghanistan, in lives and
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livelihoods. until only a few years ago veterans had to fight another battle at home trying to get access to the benefits that they were promised. too many veterans are still fighting for adequate funding and access to quality health care services that they have earned. as one veteran said, the day this nation stops taking care of her veterans is the day this nation should stop creating them, and i couldn't agree more. montanans are reminded that some out there are willing to invade our privacy in the the name of security and freedom. measures like the patriot act which i oppose forfeit basic freedoms. some lawmakers aren't stopping there. in the house a bill called the national security and federal lands protection act would allow the department of homeland security to waive laws and seize control of public lands within 100 miles of the border. even if that means closing off
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grazing lands, shuttering national parks and trampling on the rights of praoeufpt landowners. that -- private landowners. if bad bills like that are turned into law, america loses. our constitution is a powerful document, and terrorists want nothing more than to watch our rights crumble away by the weight of our own policies. we can and we will remain strong, but we must do it with respect to our rights and freedoms. today, as on sunday, mr. president, my prayers are with those americans who have died at the hands of terrorists on and since 9/11 and for the tens of thousands of troops still on the front lines in afghanistan and elsewhere and for the families of thousands of american troops who have died in service to this country since that terrible day. my wife and i stand with all montanans in saying thank you to the members of our military, present and past, especially those who have come home with injuries seen and unseen.
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this nation will never forget your sacrifice. i yield the floor. mrs. hutchison: mr. president? the presiding officer: the senator from texas. mrs. hutchison: i rise in morning business to talk about a situation in texas, the wildfires, the drought. you know, really since we have been mostly home during the august recess, i have seen the floods on the midwest, missouri and mississippi rivers. i have seen the hurricane that hit new york and all along the east coast and at the same time with all the extra water in the east, we have had as much as 60 days in parts of texas with no rain whatsoever and the drought is killing livestock, it's killing land. it's just a sad situation. and what has happened, of course, is from that the
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wildfires have been able to go further than we've ever seen in texas before. just in the past seven days the texas forest service has responded to 176 fires destroying nearly 130,000 acres. this year alone over 2,000 fires have burned more than 2 million acres in texas. we have high winds and drought conditions which are a terrible combination in this instance. yesterday the texas forest service responded to 2 new fires which consumed -- 20 new fires. one of the hardest hit areas is a county near austin. i was talking to some of my constituents in houston, which is not near austin, and they were talking about seeing and smelling the smoke in houston
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from these fires in bass drop. an assessment has been completed as of now that says 785 homes were completely destroyed. 238 homes have been reported lost as a result of other fires over the past three days. and the fires are so big that they are being photographed from space. senator cornyn and i have had asked the president to add the recent wildfires from just this last week to his previous disaster declaration from this spring which did include wildfires. i just want the people of texas to know that senator cornyn and i are working together to get all of the federal help that they need. i have been in contact with the state representatives from the area, the mayors and the county judges to get the reports, and so far they feel that they have
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gotten the help that they've needed. but now in the aftermath we will need to be part of any kind of disaster bill that goes through this senate or is declared by the president. so it is my hope that we can work through that next week and make sure that we include these most recent fires along with the flood disaster relief that supposedly will come up on the floor in congress next week. so we're going to work on it and try to help these people. we can't replace the graduation pictures and the wedding pictures and the children's pictures that are lost. and those are the human pains that you see in this type of a situation. but we can certainly help these people rebuild, and that's what we want to do. mr. president, we're going to be on the job trying to help in every way that we can knowing
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that there won't be 100% replacement because the photographs and the personal items and grandmothers' wedding ring may not be recovered. but we're going to do what we can as americans always do. thank you, mr. president, and i yield the floor. mr. durbin: mr. president? the presiding officer: the senator from illinois. mr. durbin: mr. president, i'd like to speak as if in morning business. mr. president, this afternoon we held a hearing in the constitutional subcommittee of the senate judiciary committee on new voting laws that are passed in many states. it was, i think, one of the first hearings on capitol hill on the subject, and i thank you very much for attending as a member of the subcommittee. we had an array of witnesses starting with members of the senate and members of the house of representatives, expressing various points of view on this issue. what we discussed was the new laws in states that are
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establishing new standards for voting in america. it is, i think, essential for us on this subcommittee with our jurisdiction and responsibility to focus on this issue of voting rights. as i've said so many times, there is no more important right in america. the right to vote is a right that people have given their lives for. and as we look at the checkered history of the united states, we find that though we honor the right to vote, from the very beginning we have compromised that principle. we started off with requirements of property ownership. we didn't allow women to vote for so long. african-americans were not given that opportunity for decades. and over the years we have had as many as ten different constitutional amendments focusing on extending the right to vote. i think when you get to the heart of a democracy, it is about voting. and that's why these new state laws are so important and so important for us to reflect on.
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requiring a photo i.d. for most of us at this station in life or in business seems like a very common request. we present our i.d.'s when we get on airplanes and so many different places. but for a substantial percentage of americans, they don't carry a government-issued i.d. and so they live their lives without the need of one, and now state laws are requiring these i.d.'s for people before they can vote. it sounds like a minor inconvenience, and for many people it would be just that, but for others it could be more. if there is not a good opportunity for a person to acquire an i.d. without cost in a fashion that doesn't create hardship, many people will be discouraged from voting. they'll just think this is another obstacle in the path of my exercising my right to vote, and maybe i'll just stay home. that's not good for our
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democracy. we should be leaning in the other direction, trying to expand the electorate, expand the voting populace in this country, expanding the voice of the voters in this country. not the opposite. many of these state laws in the states that have put in voter i.d.'s create significant hardships. we have a problem in wisconsin, for example, and i have written to the governor asking him to give me his impression of how he will deal with these issues. one of the five people in wisconsin do not have an i.d. 177,000 elderly people in wisconsin do not have the i.d. required by law. more than a third of young people don't have an i.d. particularly among african-americans under the age of 24, 70% do not have the i.d. necessary to vote in wisconsin. and so you say well, they have got their chance, the election won't be until next year, they have plenty of time. it turns out that in the state of wisconsin, there is only one division of motor vehicles
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office that is open on a weekend in the entire state of wisconsin. now, that, to me, seems unconscionable, unacceptable. we need to take a hard look at this, and the first stop will be the civil rights division in the department of justice. they have asked me after the hearing today, mr. chairman -- mr. president, rather, what are we going to do next? they said what we'll do next is follow the law. the law says the department of justice has to weigh each of these changes, whether it's voter registration in florida or whether it's the voter i.d. or the limitation on early voting and decide whether or not this violates the basic standards of the voting rights act. they have 60 days to do so after the law is enacted, and i have spoken to the division, civil rights division. it's my impression they are going to move on this in a timely fashion. this is a critical issue. i'm afraid it's way too political. the forces behind change in virtually every state -- not every one, but in virtually every state have come from the
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same political side of the equation. it's not lost on those of us who do this for a living, what's at stake here. if certain people are denied access to the polls, discouraged to vote and those people turn out to be historically those voting on one side or the other, it's going to create not only a personal hardship but a distortion in the election outcome, and i hope that we can sincerely work together on the judiciary committee and with the department of justice to resolve this. now, mr. president, i would like to ask permission that the remarks that are about to be made be placed in a separate part of the record. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. durbin: mr. president, i want to take a few minutes to thank a remarkable person on my staff who is moving to a new job. ann wall of chicago is one of my most trusted staff members. she has been my senate floor director for more than two years. a few c-span viewers may recognize ann as a regular on the floor of the senate. those of us who have worked
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closely with her on both sides of the aisle know that she is one of the smartest, hardest working and most gracious members of the senate community. no matter how early in the morning or how late at night, ann wall is always there with a smile and a good answer. if an agreement needs to be worked out, ann is there to offer a fair and constructive solution. next week, ann wall starts an exciting new chapter in her life. my loss is the gain of a former senator from illinois, president barack obama. ann is going to the white house to work as a special assistant to the president. i'm going to miss working with her, as everyone on my staff will. fortunately, we're going to continue to see her often on capitol hill in her new job representing the president of the united states. a little about her background will explain how ann came to the senate. ann grew up in pallis heights in the south suburbs of chicago. she is a first generation suburbite. her dad michael and her mom liz grew up on the south side of chicago, which means that ann has the south side in her blood.
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and in chicago, that is noteworthy. however, when ann was a kid, her family did something that was considered her ethical. they had -- heretical. they had as south siders season tickets to the chicago cubs. that made the walls something of an anomaly among south siders and it probably helps explain why ann is able to work so well across the aisle here in the senate. politics wasn't discussed much in the wall home but ann developed her own interest in politics at a very early age at every level. in the eighth grade, she became the first girl ever elected class president at st. alexander's grade school. that same year, ann wall became the first girl in her town to serve as mayor for a day. she won that honor on the strength of an essay that she wrote. ann attended high school at one of the most remarkable south side institutions, mother macaulay. a terrific catholic girls school, which usually fields one
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of the best volleyball teams in the state, and ann went to this school run by the sisters of mercy where she was elected president of the student council. it was in that south side chicago high school that ann wall started to go astray. while her colleagues and friends in high school were reading "rolling stone," ann wall was reading "roll call." ann read that not for its accounts of partisan fights but because she wanted to know how government really works. she wanted to understand the rules and mechanics of capitol hill. as her mom said, who does that in high school? well, i will tell you who. ann did. someone who wanted to serve her nation and understand how the government can be a force for good. she earned a bachelor's degree from miami of ohio college, went on to depaul university law school where she was chosen to serve on the law review. in her final year of law school, ann worked as an intern at the u.s. attorney's office in cook county. after law school, she clerked
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for two distinguished jurists, cook county circuit judge alan goldberg and illinois supreme court justice lynn eagan before signing on as an associate counsel at a prestigious chicago law firm and making a few bucks, but that wasn't where her heart was. in 2006, ann wall decided to leave the world of private law and its comfortable compensation to come to capitol hill. she saved up money because she knew she was going to take a pretty significant paycut. our office had the good luck and good sense to hire ann but we started her off at the bottom of the staff ladder. she started writing constituent letters and answering emails. she said that whenever she questioned this career move from a prestigious law firm to answering laws in the office of a senator, she would look at a co-worker hired at the same time and also writing letters and say and he went to harvard. the people of illinois were fortunate to have talented people like ann working for them. she quickly discovered the glamour of staff life on capitol
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hill, however. ann's first apartment in washington, the only one she could afford on the meager salary which i paid her, unfortunately was infested with vermin, the roof leaked, and one night it fell in. but she didn't want her mom to worry so she told her she was living in a wonderful place on capitol hill. after one year, we promoted ann to serve as my office counsel. she quickly learned the ins and outs of the senate ethics rules, and i brought her on to counsel me on close calls on ethics decisions. her counsel was always valuable and her answer was always no. i knew that and expected it and i'm glad she steered me on the right path so many times. in 2008, i asked her to work with me on the senate floor, and once again, she excelled. in january, 2009, she became my floor director here in the united states senate. as my right hand on the floor, ann wall helped steer the majority whip operation and the entire senate through historic changes, health care reform, wall street reform, and a long list of other historic
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endeavors. whatever the task, whatever the challenge, ann wall has always brought good humor, intelligence and integrity to the task. when ann wasn't winning elections or reading "roll call" in high school, she played tennis. it was one of the things she loved to do. she was ranked as one of the top high school players in the state. but not being able to play tennis regularly is another one of the sacrifices ann made to work in the senate. the job just takes too much time. i hate to tell ann, but she won't be able to pick up her tennis game again in the new job she is taking at the white house. these are challenging times for america's families and businesses, and we need the bright, dedicated people giving it their all to get us through to a brighter day. fortunately, america is up to that challenge and so is ann wall. i'm wishing her the best of luck. when ann wall left chicago, her law firm promised that they would take her back in a heartbeat if she didn't like washington. they kept her office vacant for a few months hoping she would return. no such luck. we feel the same way in the durbin office about losing ann. she is always welcome to rejoin
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our staff. there will always be a place for her, but we're not holding her old job for her. my new floor director is a woman who has been ann's right-hand man -- right-hand person for the last two and a half years, rama dudin. she is equally dedicated to this nation and the senate. i know she will do an outstanding job. in closing, i want to thank ann for all the tireless work she has given the senate. she helped us make history. we hope she will enjoy reading about this floor tribute in "roll call." mr. president, i yield the floor. i note the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call: the presiding officer: the senator from illinois. mr. durbin: i ask consent the quorum call be suspended.
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the presiding officer: without objection. mr. durbin: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to the consideration of h. con. res. 67 which was received from the house and is at the desk. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: h. con. res. 67, authorizing the use of the capitol grounds for the district of columbia special olympics law enforcement torch run. the presiding officer: is there objection to proceeding to the measure? without objection. mr. durbin: mr. president, i ask unanimous consent the concurrent resolution be adopted, the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate and any related statements be placed in the record as if read. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. durbin: i ask unanimous consent the rules committee be discharged from further consideration of s. con. res. 28 and the senate immediate to its -- proceed to its immediate consideration. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: s. con. res. 28, authorizing the use of emancipation hall in the capitol visitors' center for an event to award the gonl gold medal
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collectively to the 100th infantry batallion, 442nd regimental combat team and the military intelligence of the united states army in recognition of their dedicated service during world war ii. the presiding officer: is there objection to proceeding to the measure? if not, the committee is discharged and the senate will proceed. mr. durbin: i ask unanimous consent the concurrent resolution be agreed to, the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate and any statements relating to the matter be placed in the record as if read. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. durbin: i ask unanimous consent that the senate now proceed to the consideration of senate resolution 259 which was submitted earlier today. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: s. con. res. 259, designating september 9, 2011, as national fetal alcohol spectrum disorders awareness day. the presiding officer: is there objection to proceeding to the measure? without objection.
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mr. durbin: i ask unanimous consent the resolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, and the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. durbin: i ask unanimous consent the senate proceed to consideration of senate resolution 260 introduced earlier today. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: s. res. 260, commemorating the 75th anniversary of the dedication of shenandoah national park. the presiding officer: is there objection to proceeding to the measure? without objection. mr. durbin: i ask unanimous consent the resolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate and any related statements be printed in the record as if read. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. durbin: mr. president, i ask consent the senate stand in recess until 6:30 p.m. the presiding officer: without the presiding officer: without
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part of the debate from earlier today on the coburn amendment. the amendment would allow the patent office to keep off is collecsanpending. this is 35 minutes.i wanto tal >> i wanted to a couple things. i want to talk about an amendment. one of my colleagues in your position as president pro temr i does an error i made. questioned senator whitehouse questioned my numbers numbers and in fact heas was great. i said 115 million in regards t. .he savings it was .5 million coming up 115t i stand to put that in therd thw record that i was in error and a senator white house as a quarter on itgue questioned me and i thank him for his the accountability. we have before the senate now bt
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patents bill and there's no question that there's a lot of work we need to do on patterns.e pro tem timeesident sits on the committee i.q. and we spent a lot of time on this. but i am really concerned, i have to say, with what we arelle rnhearing in the senate about wy the right thing ebat everybody agrees we shouldm ee doing because somebody that wants to do that in the house.ae and i think it is the worst answer we could ever give the american people. we have a 12% approval rating and the republicans have worst e thing that, why would we tell te the american people we are not going to do the the right reason at the right t? time because somebody in the house doesn't want ust we're to? we are going to say we are not to put these corrections into the patent out. they are obviously importantgoin
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that we are going to say it's ni going to kill the bill, when ins fact it's not going to kill the bill. a that's what we use as awhat rationalization. let me describe for a minute what has gone on over th yeea ys and what has not happened. the first point i would make isn there has not been one oversight er the hearing by the appropriation committee in either the house or senate for 10 years. and yet, the objection to do a what we see from an is, and our chairman of our committee on judiciary who is an appropriator support this amendment, but is it going to go for it because h someone in the household object to it. but the point is, we have many om good people pay every day for universities to businesses, to individual small inventors. kno' they pay significant dollars
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into the patent office. and you know what has happened with that money this year? for $85 billion that was paid for bn american taxpayers for pac-10, examination and first looks to t go to the patent office.et, weae and yet, we have over a million pac-10 is in process at the and patent office and over 700,000 does haven't ever had her first book.when so when we talk about we our and economy when we talk about the o fact that we want to do things ntat enhance intellectuale i property inel our country and ty we don't allow the money that people actually pay for thatto f process to go for that process and be backlogged for years nowa
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patent applications, we've done two things.he we is we have limited the onlyo property we can capture. number two is for you to let sae take the same patents when we some some of our smaller organizations and allows us to be patented to b elsewhere. so the lack of a timely approac. i'm not a bit lacking. as for the senator from vermontr and i think he wanted seven or eight minutes. i'm happy to yield at thismi te. thankis you. so the process is broken. and since 1992, almost a billion dollars has been taken out of the patent office. and so, we wonder why in the b world is the patent officepausen
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llhind? the patent office is behind because we won't allow them to have the funds that the american taxpayers who are trying to take ideas and innovations, copyrights,copyrights, trademaro patents down, we will not allow the patent office to have the a money. so themodi amendment i'm going g offer and if a modification that string to be clear on the othere side.t this te i bought actually caught the amendment until a share with you that it's been accepted. the amendment i have says that we will no longer divert the money that american businesses, american inventors, american universities pay to be spentt somewhere else, but it has to be spent on clearing their patent.e i would like to introduce into the record and i would submit a copy at this time a letter iheat received a august 1 from the head of the patent office.
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we are so fortunate that we have director campus. we have a true expert in patents patents, with great knowledge, who has made tremendous stridesa in making great changes at our patent office. mon but he requires a steady stream of money m and he requires the z ability to manage theatan organization in a way to where he can actually accomplish what we've asked him to do. and quite frankly, i spent a lot of time working with the patentn office. not everybody else that wants an advantage in the system but witv the patent office. i am convinced we have great leadership arelead now. and in his letter, he talks about the inability to update lt the i.t. because the money isn't there because we won't let them have the money. m of money and of american taxpayers.
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and let me jifust give a corollary. if in fact to drive your car to ase gas station and give themf g $100 for 25 or 28 gallons of gas and they only give you sorry, 12 gallons of gas and they sayte sorry, the appropriationyou p committee said you couldn't hala half of the gas you were supposed to get for the many paid, we'd bege you go outrage. if you go to a movie and pay toe see to go to a movie and you buh a ticket and halfway through the misery stop the projection and r say sorry for not going to givee you the second half of the movie even a paid for it.s to and reviewed. st power struggle have decided that we g are not going to let that money go to the patent office.ni
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apid the amendment i have says h if money is paid and it goes into a proper fund and has to go ywhere to the patent office.especiallyn some of the objections in the house of appropriations theatioe committee is no oversight. the the reason there is no oversigh. is because they haven't done any oversight and neither have we. y you can't claim not as an excuse that's why. the authorization for the fees.g we can change that if we want. o which we have not done. nobody has done oversight on the patent office in attacking aggressive oversight. start what did you start? whe how much did you spend?
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how would you spend the money?py with your employee turnover and none of tha productivity? what should we expect? none of that has been asked.baby i believe it's probably prettyne good based on i have a lot of confidence in the management atn the patent office, especially i terms ofin t performance versuse before that. bn the fact is the oversight hadn't been done. we would've done it anywhere. very little has been it's one of the biggesttebe mado legitimate criticisms that can s be made of us if it were lazy of the $3.7 trillion that will be t spent couple oversight about 100 billion total.he so the a amendment does a couple things. and let me kind get detailed out for a moment.
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one of the things by returningpe the money to the patent officeag is the director thinks he can cut the backlog in half. in other words, we have over lot 700,000 pounds but i've never been like that sitting at the patent office.ery srt he believes in a short period oy time they could cut that to 350,000. from 1992 through 2011, 900 million has been taking from the pto. in 2004, congress diverted0 mil. 100 million, 2007 diverted 1,200,000,000. last year 53 million it's 80 to 85 million diverted this year. in four years out of the lastcas 10, the congress gave the patent office all the money because it was so slow and so lethargic in terms of meeting the needs of
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inventors. the only thing we have in thet l current bill as the promise of a speaker and the promise of a chairman that they will do that. there is nothing in a law that there's nothing that will make sure the money is and no matter how good we fix the patent system in thismoney t country, if there is not the money to implement it, we will not have solved the problems. je in 2002 -- june of 2000 come in the house debated the pto funding and the exchange took place between representative ballard and representative repre rogers suez a cardinal at the time. and representative allard discussed the need for user pays to pay for the ages. the she asked the documentation of theti congressional record.
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she asked chairman rogers 100% would go to pto. and mr. rogers stated it wouldoc not be for any other purposent f than remain in the count for future according to the pto in fiscal year 2000, 121 million was diverted. the they shouldn't doubt the yet appropriations committee. t we have the exact opposite ofap, what the appropriation committee said was going to happen. we should fix it with the money for patent examination goes fort patent examination.appen so we have a clear record of this statement is that it wasn't going to happen in fact,ent 121 million was diverted. finally, from 1992 to 2007 from 700 million more was collected b
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and was about to be spent by tht patent tra mdemark office. h had they had the money, we would have a backlog of 100,000 patents right now, not 750,000.l we would have intellectual property is a greater value in our country with greater vantage over our trading partners because that money would benefit really used., t on july 12, the former cbodirect director douglas holtz-eakin was noting the patent and h.r. 1249 divers for the diversion of the feast in the u.s. patent words officee it walked up the diversion. pkig just so people think i am not bh just picking on oneab area, thi. is a bad habit.
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they're not in the trademark office where they tell peoplefet they will have a fee to get and something done.uclear and just for example, thefund nuclear waste fund at the a t department of energy. utility paid by individual consumers paid for a nuclear waste fee. spent o and that money has been spent or tons of other things should the years, rather than on the collection and management of thl nuclear waste.$25 bill to th n5 billion to the tune of billie 25 billion has been spent on other things. things. commission. they are fee-based agency. since the sec was established, it's collected money by useracti fees, charged variousons ordert transactions in order to cover the cost of regulation. the registration, also collects fees for penalty funds, badior behavior. they go into the treasury'suries
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general fund and the amount collected by the sec budget were diverted to other government programs. 2002, so, in 2002, congress change tho treatment of the fees so they would only go to a special w appropriations account solely for the sec.however, sec would have access to fees. however should they collect more than its appropriation.againnget in the.frank bill, they requiree some of the seas to go to the general treasury and others as they complained, they still e don't have access to their funds. p that's like the pto. if congress chooses not to provide all the funds.t and thef initiator will appropriation, they'll have them. in 2012, budget justification from the securities and exchange commission noted significant challenges.
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>> the senate went on to a proof and sent to the president the patent and trademark bill earlier today. we go live now to the senate. the centers got there and walk over to the house side of the capitol to hear president obama speak about his jobs plan plan e a joint session of congress. after his speech, the senate will come back and to hold a roll call vote related to a resolution that would block another increase in the debt limit bill. we will have that life. so come here is what we expect to see over the next hour or so hear on c-span 2. we will watch senators gathered here and then walk over to the house and listen to the president's speech.
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[applause] >> members of congress, i have the high privilege and the distinct honor of presenting to you the president of the united states. [applause] >> thank you. [applause] thank you so much. everyone, please have a seat. thank you. mr. speaker, mr. vice president, members of congress, and fellow americans, tonight we need to add an urgent time for our country. we continue to face an economic crisis that has left millions of our neighbors jobs and a political crisis that has made things worse.
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this past week reporters have been asking, what will this speech mean for the president? what will it mean for congress? how will it affect our polls? but the millions of americans who are watching right now, they don't care about politics. they have real-life concerns. and they have spent months looking for work. others are doing the best just to scrape by, giving up nights at the family to save on gas or make the mortgage, postponing retirement to send a kid to college. these men and women grew up with faith in an america where hard work and responsibility paid off. they believed in a country where everyone gets a fair shake and does their fair share. where you stepped up and did
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your job and were loyal to your company that loyalty would be rewarded with a decent salary and good benefits and may be erased once in a while. if he did the right thing, you could make it. anybody could make it in america. and for decades now, americans have watched that compact be broken. they have seen the decks too often stacked against them. and they know that washington has not always put their interests first. the people of this country work hard to meet their responsibilities. the question tonight is whether we will meet hours. the question is whether in the face of an ongoing national crisis, we can stop the political circus and actually do something to help the economy. [applause]
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[applause] the question -- the question is whether we can restore some of the fairness and security that has defined this nation since our beginning. those of us here tonight can't solve all our nation's woes. ultimately our recovery will be driven not by washington but why are our businesses and our workers, but we can help. we can make a difference. there are steps we can take right now to improve people's lives. i am sending this congress a plan that you should pass right away. it is called the american jobs act. there should be nothing controversial about this piece of legislation. everything in here is the kind of proposal that has been
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supported and i both democrats and republicans. including many who sit here tonight, and everything in this bill will be paid for, everything. [applause] the purpose of the american jobs act is simple, to put more people back to work and more money in the pockets of those who are working. it will create more jobs for construction workers, more jobs for teachers, more jobs for veterans and more jobs for the long-term unemployed. it will provide -- [applause] able provide a tax break for companies who hire new workers and it will cut payroll taxes in half for every working american and every small business. [applause] it will provide a jolt to an economy that has stalled and
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give companies confidence that if they invest in if they hire, there will be customers for their products and services. you should pass this jobs plan right away. [applause] everyone here knows that small businesses are where most new jobs began. you know that while corporate profits have come roaring back, smaller companies haven't, so for everyone who speak so passionately about making life easier for job creators, this plan is for you. [applause] pass this jobs bill. pass this jobs bill and starting tomorrow, small businesses will get a tax cut if they hire new workers or if they raise workers wages. pass this jobs bill and all small-business owners will also see their payroll taxes cut in half next year. if you have 50 employees, if you have 50 employees making an average salary, that is
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80,000-dollar tax cut and all businesses will be able to continue writing off the investments they make in 2012. it is not just democrats who have supported this kind of proposal. 60 house republicans have proposed the same payroll tax cut that is in this plan. you should pass it right away. [applause] pass this jobs bill and they can put people to work rebuilding america. everyone here knows we have badly decaying roads and bridges all over the country. our highways are clogged with traffic. our skies are the most congested in the world. it is an outrage. building a world-class transportation system is part of what made us an economic superpower and now we are going to sit back and watch china build new airports and faster railroads at a time when millions of unemployed construction workers could build
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[applause] [applause] there are private construction companies all across america just waiting to get to work. there is a bridge that needs repair between ohio and kentucky, one of the business trucking routes in north america. the public transit project in houston that will help clear up one of the worst areas of traffic in the country. and there are schools throughout this country that desperately need renovating. how can we expect our kids to do their best in places that are literally falling apart? america. every child deserves a great school and we can give it to them if we act now. [applause]
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[applause] the american jobs act will repair and modernize at least 35,000 schools. it will put people to work right now fixing roofs and windows installing science labs, high-speed internet in classrooms all across this country. it will rehabilitate homes and businesses and communities hit hardest by for dozier's. it will jumpstart thousands of transportation projects all across the country and to make sure the money is properly spent, we are building on reforms we have already put in place. no more earmarks. nomar boondoggles, no more bridges to nowhere. we are cutting the red tape that prevents some of these project from getting started as quickly as possible. and we will set up an independent fund to attract private dollars and issue loans
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based on two criteria, how badly a construction project is needed and how much good it will do for the economy. [applause] this idea came from a bill written by a texas republican and a massachusetts democrat. the idea for a big boost in construction is supported by america's largest business organization and america's largest labor organization. it is the kind of proposal that has been supported in the past by democrats and republicans alike. you should pass this right away. [applause] pass this jobs bill and thousands of teachers in every state will go back to work. these are the men and women charged with preparing our children for a world where the competition has never been
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tougher. but while they are adding teachers in places like south korea, we are laying them off in droves. it is unfair to our kids and it undermines their future and ours and it has to stop. pass this bill and put our teachers back in the classrooms where they belong. [applause] [applause] pass this jobs bill and companies will get extra tax credits when they hire american veterans. we ask these men and women to leave their careers, leave their families, risk their lives to fight for our country. the last thing they should have to do is fight for a job when they come home. [applause]
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[applause] pass this bill and hundreds of thousands of disadvantaged young people will have a hope and the dignity of a summer job next year and their parents -- their parents low income americans who desperately want to work will have more avenues out of poverty. pass this jobs bill and companies will get a 4000-dollar tax credit if they hire anyone who has spent more than six months looking for a job. [applause] we have to do more to help the long-term unemployed in their search for work. this jobs plan builds on a program in georgia that several republican leaders have highlighted where people who collect unemployment insurance participate in temporary work as a way to tilt their skills while
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they look for a permanent job. the plan also extend unemployment insurance for another year. [applause] americans stop getting this insurance and stop using that money for basic necessities, it would be a devastating blow to this economy. democrats and republicans in this chamber have supported unemployment insurance plenty of times in the past and this time a prolonged hardship we should pass it again, right away. [applause] pass this jobs bill and the typical working family will get between 1500-dollar tax cut next year. $1500. it would have been taken out of your pocket and will go into your pocket. this expands on the tax cut that democrats and republicans have already passed through this year. if we allow that tax cuts to expire, if we refuse to act,
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middle-class families will get hit with a tax increase at the worst possible time. we can't let that happen. i know that some of you have sworn oaths to never raise any taxes on anyone for as long as you live. now is not the time to carve out an exception and raise middle last taxes which is why you should test this bill right away. [applause] this is the american jobs act. it will lead to new jobs were construction workers, for teachers, for veterans, for first responders, young people in the long-term unemployed. it will divide tax credit to hire new workers, tax relief to small business owners and tax cuts for the middle-class. here is the other thing i want the american people to know. the american jobs act will not add to the deficit. it will be paid for and here is how.
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[applause] the agreement we passed in july will cut government spending by about a trillion dollars over the next 10 years. it also charges this congress to come up with an additional $1.5 trillion in savings by christmas. tonight i am asking you to increase that amount to cover the full cost of the american jobs act and a week from monday, i will be releasing a more ambitious deficit plan, a plan that will not only cover the cost of this jobs bill that stabilize our debt in the long run. [applause] this approach is basically the one i've been advocating for months. in addition to the trillion dollars of spending cuts i have already signed into law, it is a balanced plan that where reduce the deficit by making additional spending cuts. i make a modest adjustment to health care program's like medicare and medicaid and by
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reforming our tax code in in a way that asks the wealthiest americans and the biggest corporations to pay their fair share. [applause] what's more the spending cuts would not soar broccoli that they would be a drag on our economy or prevent us from helping small businesses and middle-class families get back on their feet right away. i realize there are some in my party who don't think we should make any changes at all to medicare or medicaid and i understand their concerns. but here is the truth. millions of americans rely on medicare in their retirement. millions more will do so in the future. they have paid for this benefit during their working years. they have earned it. with an aging population and rising health care costs we are spending too fast to sustain the program and if we don't gradually reform the system, while protecting current beneficiaries, it won't be there when future retirees need it.
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we have to reform medicare to strengthen it. i am also -- [applause] [applause] i am also well aware that there and many republicans who don't believe we should raise taxes on those who are most fortunate and can best afford it. but here is what every american knows. while most people in this country struggle to make ends meet, a few of the most affluent citizens and most profitable corporations enjoy tax breaks and loopholes that nobody else gets. right now, warren buffett hayes a lower tax rate than his secretary, and outrage he has asked us to fix. we need a tax code where everyone gets a fair shake. and where everybody pays their
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fair share. [applause] [applause] and by the way i believe the vast majority of wealthy americans and ceos are willing to do just that if it helps the economy grow and get our fiscal house in order. i also offer ideas to reform a corporate tax that will stand as a monument to special interest influence in washington. by eliminating pages of loopholes and deductions, we can lower one of the highest corporate tax rates in the world. our tax code should not give an advantage to companies that can afford the best connected lobbyist and should give an advantage to companies that invest and create jobs right here in the united states united states of america. [applause] [applause]
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so we can reduce the steps, pay down our debt and pay for this jobs plan in the process. but in order to do this, we have to decide what our priorities are. we have to ask ourselves, what is the best way to grow the economy and create jobs? should we keep tax loopholes for oil companies or should we use that money to give small business owners a tax credit when they hire new workers because we can't afford to do both. should we keep tax breaks for millionaires and billionaires or should we put teachers back to work so our kids can graduate ready for college and good jobs? right now, we can't afford to do both. this isn't political grandstanding. this isn't class warfare. this is simple math.
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this is simple math. these are real choices. these are real choices that we have got to make and i'm pretty sure i know what most americans would choose. it is not even close and it is time for us to do what is right for our future. [applause] now, the american jobs act answers the region need to create jobs right away. but we can't stop there. i have argued since i ran for this office, we have to look the on the immediate crisis and start building an economy that lasts into the future. an economy that creates good middle-class jobs that pay well and offer security. we now live in a world where technology has made it possible for companies to take their business anywhere. if we want them to start here and stay here and higher here, we have to be able to out build
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and out educate and out innovate every other country on earth. [applause] this task of making america more competitive in the long run is a job for all of us. for government and for private companies, for states and local communities and for every american citizen. all of us will have two of our game. all of us will have to change the way we do business. my administration can and will take steps to improve our competitiveness on our own. for example, if you are a small-business owner who is a government we are going to make sure you get paid a lot faster than you do right now. [applause] we are also planning to cut away the red tape that prevents too many rapidly growing startup companies from raising capital
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in going public and to help responsible homeowners we are going to work with federal housing agency to help more people refinance their mortgages and interest rates that are now at near 4%. [applause] that is a step -- i know you guys must be for this because that is a step that can put more than $2000 a year in the family's -- to give an lift to an economy burdened by the drop in the housing crisis. some things we can do on our own. other steps will require congressional action. today you pass reform that will speed out the outdated path projects entrepreneurs can turn to new ideas into a new business is quick as possible. that is the kind of action we need. now it is time to clear the way for a series of trade agreements that would make it easier for
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american companies to sell their products in panama and colombia and south korea while also helping the workers through global competition. [applause] if americans can buy a kia opossum and hyundai's i want to see folks from south korea driving fords and chevys and chrysler's. i want to see more products sold around the world with the three proud words of made in america. that is what we need to get to. [applause] and on all of our efforts to strengthen competitiveness, we need to look for ways to work side-by-side with american businesses. that is why i brought leaders from different industries who
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are developing a wide range of new ideas to help companies grow and create jobs. already we have mobilized business leaders to train 10,000 american engineers a year by providing company internships and training. other businesses are covering tuition for workers and learn new schools at community colleges. we are going to make sure the next generation of manufacturing takes root not in china or europe right here in the united states of america. [applause] [applause] if we provide the right incentives, the right support and if we make sure our trading partners play by the rules, we can be the ones to build everything from fuel-efficient cars to advance biofuels to semiconductors that we sell all around the world. that is how america can be
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number one again. that is how america will be number one again. [applause] now, i realize that some of you have a different theory on how to grow the economy. some of you sincerely believe that the only solution to our economic challenges is to simply cut most government spending and eliminated most government regulations. [applause] well, i agree that we can't afford wasteful spending and i will work with you, with congress, to root it out. and i agree that there are some rules and regulations that do put an unnecessary burden on businesses at a time when they can least afford it. [applause] that is why i ordered a review
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of all government regulations. so far we have identified over 500 reforms which will save billions of dollars over the next few years. we should have no more regulation than the health, safety and security of the merrick and people required. every rule should meet that common sense task. [applause] but what we can't do, what i will not do is let this economic crisis be used as an excuse to wipe out the basic sections that americans have counted on for decades. [applause] [applause] i will reject the idea that we need to ask people to choose between their jobs and their safety. i reject the argument that says for the economy to grow we have to roll back hidden fees by
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credit card companies or rules that keep her kids from being exposed to mercury or laws that prevent the health insurance industry from shortchanging patients. i reject the idea that we have to strip away collective bargaining rights to compete in a global economy. [applause] [applause] we shouldn't be in a race to the bottom. where we try to offer the cheapest labor and the worst solution -- pollution standards. america should be in a race to the top and i believe we can win that race. [applause] [applause] in fact this larger notion that the only thing we can do to restore prosperity is dismantle government and refund everybody's money and let everyone write their own rules and tell everyone they they're
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on their own, it is not who we are. it is not the story of america. yes, we are rugged individuals, i guess we are strong and self-reliant and it has been the drive and initiative of our workers and entrepreneurs that has made this economy be engine and the envy of the world. but there has always been another thread running throughout our history. a belief that we are all connected and that there are some things we can only do together as a nation. we all remember abraham lincoln as a leader who saved our union. the founder of the republican party. but in the middle of a civil war, he was also a leader who looks to the future, a republican president who mobilized government to build the transcontinental railroad, launch the national academy of science, set up the first land grant colleges and leaders of both parties have followed the
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example he has set. ask yourselves, where would we be right now with the people who sat here before us decided not to build our highways, not to build our bridges, our dams, our airports. what would this country be like if we had chosen not to spend money on public high schools or research universities or community colleges? millions of returning heroes including my grandfather had the opportunity to go to school because of the g.i. bill. where would he be if we hadn't had that chance? [applause] [applause] how many jobs would have cost us if the pass congress has decided not to support the basic research that led to the internet and a computer chip?
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what kind of country would this be if this chamber had voted down social security or medicare just because it violated some rigid idea about what government could or could not do? how many americans would have suffered as a result? no single individual build america on their own. we built it together. we have dan and always will be one nation under god, indivisible with liberty and justice for all, a nation with responsibilities to ourselves another. members of congress it is time for us to meet our responsibilities. [applause] [applause]
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every proposal i have laid out tonight is the kind that has been supported by democrats and republicans in the past. every proposal i have laid out tonight will be paid for and every proposal is designed to meet the urgent needs of our people and our communities. i know there has been a lot of skepticism about whether the politics of the moment will allow us to pass this jobs plan or any jobs plan. already we are seeing the same all press releases and tweets flying back and forth. already the media has proclaimed it is impossible to bridge our differences. and maybe some of you have decided those differences are so great that we can only resolve them at the ballot box. but know this, the next election is 14 months away. and the people who sent us here, the people who hired us to work for them, they don't have the luxury of waiting 14 months.
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[applause] [applause] some of them are living week to week, paycheck to paycheck, even day to day. they need help and they need it now. i don't pretend that this plan will solve all of our problems. it should not be nor will it be the last plan of action we propose. what has guided us from the start of this crisis hasn't been the search for a silver bullet. it has been a commitment to stay added, to be persistent, she keep trying every new idea that works and listen to every good proposal no matter which party comes up with it. regardless of the arguments we have had in the pass, regardless of the arguments we will have in
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the future, this plan is the right thing to do right now. you should pass it and i intend to take that message to every corner of this country. [applause] [applause] and i ask, i ask every american who agrees to lift your voice, tell the people who are gathered here tonight that you want tell washington that doing nothing is not an option. remind us that if we asked this one nation and when people we have it within our power to meet this challenge. president canady once said our problems are man-made. therefore they can be solved by man. and man can be as big as he wants. these are difficult years for our country but we are americans. we are tougher than the times we live in and we are bigger than
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our politics have been, so let's meet the moment. let's get to work and let's show the world once again why the united states of america remains the greatest nation on earth. thank you very much. god bless you and god bless the united states of america. [applause] [applause] [applause] [applause] [applause]
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the speaker pro tempore: the chair declares the joint session of the two houses now resolved. the house will come to order. for what purpose does the gentleman from utah rise? >> mr. speaker, i move that the message of the president be referred to the committee of the whole house of the state of the without objection. >> mr. speaker i moved move that the house now be adjourned. >> all in favor and agape by saying a co. the ayes have it. the house is adjourned.
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>> now that the president has unveiled his jobs plan, members of the house and senate are making their way into statutory hall to talk to reporters about the president's plan. let's listen to what they had to say. >> in some shape or form, some sort of jobs bill, tax cut bill passing in the house and senate soon. >> well, the question is how do you create the jobs and the way you create the jobs's first of all you have to stop taxing the people who are job creators and second of all you have to stop burying them in red tape and third of all you have to create some sense of certainty so that they they're willing to take some risks and then you have got to help the liquidity problem with the banks. than the federal government has to stop spending money. we are doing all of those things the wrong way so that joblessness is totally predictable and it can be turned around. the cheapest thing for them to do the right now is to turn off the red tape machine. >> congressman todd akin, thanks for joining us. >> thank you. good questions.
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congressman of colorado in a small business committee, what do you think of the president's speech this evening? >> you know i think we have got very much, ground but we have to be able to get our people back to work. small business is the number one job creator in this country. there is an opportunity to work i think -- working at being able to provide opportunity and tax credits for job creation. there are some positives there. how are we going to pay for it will certainly be the question that has vance or. >> president in outlining how he would pay for it sounds credible to you? >> you know i think that was part of the problem. he wants congress to be able to come up with some other payments. i do applaud additional cuts over what were made earlier this year in july but he was soared on the specifics and said he would line those out in the next week and have. it would have been useful tonight to have given congress a few of his ideas on where this cut should actually come from. >> what is the unemployment
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situation like in colorado and what have you heard prior to this speech from small-business owners in your state? >> you know we have to work my district. my two largest committees grand junction colorado 10.5% unemployment and pueblo colorado 10.7% unemployment. those are the official numbers. we have got to be a loose get people back to work. small businesses continue to talk about overregulation and in have vetting their ability, access to capital to be able to get loans or lines of credit their inhibiting that opportunity to get people back to her. >> congressman tipton thanks for joining us. congresswoman from california when the small business committee. >> i thought he showed a great deal of compassion for what americans are experiencing and was very clear about some very strong proposals to try to turn things around.
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i just admired his determination to make sure that this jobs bill passes. >> the speech better than you expected? >> i really was pleased that he showed the strength that he did and the clarity of this proposal and i felt that he really tried to strike a good balance. he talked about regulations but he also talked about making sure that the protections that are there will be there for people in years to come. >> you talk a lot about getting this bill out how. >> at statuary hall, we return0a life to the senate. law earlier today the chambermaid final changes to a patent and trademark bill. now senators12 will hold a resolution that the presiding officer: is there a sufficient second? a sufficient second? would
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