conversation, how do you view dissension within that committee? and how should the rest of us look at that development? >> well, there's a reason why it's a committee. i mean, there are -- there are 19 people around the table when we meet to discuss monetary policy. if two of them agree, one of them is redundant. [laughter] >> the reason why we have a committee is to bring together

different points of view and analytical approaches, different perceptions of the economy, different views on communication and strategy. and i have always tried and i think this is the best way to make policy and i've encouraged both inside and outside debate and discussion about what is the right approach. one thing that is certainly evident currently we are in a situation which in many ways is unprecedented. the problems afflicting our economy, the nature of monetary policy given that we've already reduced a external short term rate economy and different views, you know, what the problem is in some seasons it's natural to have -- to have some disagreement and we have had different points of view. there's, obviously, no hiding that and i have no desire to hide that.

but again, i think it's constructive and i would urge debate. when we have these discussions internally it's always with the highest level of collegiately and mutual respect. conversations are extreme cordial and i think that represents a policymaking can do which is to bring all the points of view together and try to fashion as best we can a consensus. but it won't always be available but we will do our best to find the middle ground. >> and a closing question, this one submitted by steve sanger, a former member of general mills and a member of our economic club board, how would you rank your portrayal of actor gemanatee and for that matter the other principals in the recent movie "too big to fail"? >> i didn't see that movie. i saw the original.

[applause] >> i think -- i think paul gia manatee is an excellent actor. >> he had him over for lunch at the federal reserve. and first thing i found out about him was that his father was the commissioner of baseball art gemanatee so what do you think we talked about the whole lunch? [laughter] >> i think that will do. help me thank chairman bernanke for his presentation today.

>> watch more videos of the candidates and track the latest campaign contributions with campaign's website for campaign 2012. easy to use it helps you navigate the political landscape with twitter feeds and facebook update from the campaigns, candidate bios, plus links to c-span media partners in the early primary and caucus states all at c-span.org/2012. >> next from cpac tv in canada,

9/11, 10 years later, a documentary which takes an in-depth look from canada's perspective at the global changes following september 11. it also looks at the hospitality of a small community in canada that was host to american airlines passengers whose flights were grounded after the terrorist attacks. this is about an hour, courtesy of cpac. >> the world marks a solemn anniversary it's been 10 years since radical islamists carried outlet the worst terrorist attacks in the inhistory when they flew highjacked plains in the world trade center in new york and into the pentagon in washington another jet crashed in a field in marshmallows. so shaken and stunned was the world that the events will be known forever by just the date on which they occurred. 9/11. each of us can recount where we were and what we were doing when we saw the horrifying images of that day. 10 years later, 9/11 still evokes feelings of sadness and

loss, of anger and revenge. because of 9/11, we went to war in afghanistan. we toughened our laws and we tightened our borders. the events of that day really changed our world forever and they changed the way we lived. over the next hour we will look at what happened that day and how those events a second ago have changed our society whether we like it or not. this is 9/11, 10 years later. ♪ >> on september 11, 2001, the sun was shining and the skies were clear over new york city. but those same skies would soon be filled with horror. ♪ >> the eyes of the world would be drawn to manhattan island,

and the twin cities of the world trade center. this is a story of unimaginable tragedy and devastating loss. >> i knew in my heart that ken was dead. ♪ >> a story of worst in human behavior brought out the best in the people in atown community on the outer most edge of north america. >> your heart went out to them. each and every one of them. >> it is also a story of the coming together of two nations in a time of need. >> it was very clear to me that there was no doubt that we could count on the canadians. >> and how a few unforgettable days led to a decade of change for canada and the world. maureen is marking this tenth anniversary of 9/11 just as she has with all the others, with painful memories. >> as i was watching the planes

going into the towers, on tv, on cnn, it affected me because i had anna flight attendant for over 30 years and i knew planes just didn't go into towers and, of course, i knew where ken was. >> september 11, maureen's husband was in new york city for a business meeting. >> ken called our son brennan on a sunday night before 9/11 to say that he was on top of the world, in that he had this great new job and he had this wonderful family. and he was planning a future where he could share time with all of us. he spoke about being at this particular conference that was scheduled for the morning of september 11, and that he would be revisiting windows of the world on 106th floor.

>> ken's conference was in the north tower of the world trade center, the first of the twin to yourself to be struck by a highjacked airliner. >> at first it was thought to be a tragic accident. but when 20 minutes later united airlines flight 75 plowed into the side of the south tower, there could be no doubt, america was under attack. >> today we've had a national tragedy. two airplanes have crashed into the world trade center in an apparent terrorist attack on our country. >> news of the attacks flashed around the world. maureen was on duty as a flight attendant in germany on 9/11, when she got news of the tragedy unfolding in new york.

>> when i realized something horrible was happening, i decided to call my mother, and i said, mom, have you heard from ken? she said, yes. he called his mother to say he was on the 106th floor. the room was full of smoke. the roof was blocked and he didn't know how he was going to get out. the line went dead shortly afterwards. >> ken was one of 24 canadians who were killed in the attacks on that day. each with a family, each with a life to live, each dearly loved and dearly missed. ♪ >> he had his priorities straight, family. family was the ultimate top priority for ken. >> at 9:59 am, the south tower

of the world trade center collapsed into a cloud of ash and debris to the horrified astonishment to the people on the streets. >> i've never seen nothing like it in my life. >> you got water? >> the terribleness, the hugeness of what's happened. so huge, in fact, most of the people around simply can't understand what happened. people were just standing around, talking at each other. nodding their heads. [screaming] >> oh, my god. we got to go. we got to go. >> a half hour later the north tower also came crashing down taking along with it ken and 12 other canadians presumed to be trapped inside the building. >> i knew in my heart that ken was dead. but i also knew how physically

fit he was. and if anybody could have gotten down 106th floors and surely it would have been ken. ♪ >> ken's body was never recovered. only a few pieces of bone. 10 years later maureen keeps the mementos of her time with ken in what she calls her memory room. ♪ >> she holds in her hand a piece of the world trade center, a remnant offered to her by workers cleaning up at the ground zero site. >> and he said i've been waiting for the right person to give it to you, and i want to give it to you. i cannot say how much it touched me. it's in the shape of a cross which is very significant. it's very, very meaningful to my

family and we're very honored these laborers gave these to us. ♪ >> the 9/11 attacks transformed the skyline of new york, leaving a gaping hole in the heart of the city. ten years later the memories of that day are still fresh especially for those who lived there like canada's former cons sul general new york, senator pamela walden. >> when i first got up in the morning to turn on the television it was the day before i was scheduled to have cancer surgery, and my family was visiting, me and my mom and dad were there and we turned it on and watched in, i guess, stunned silence for a couple moments and my father as a world war ii vet probably as insightful as most when he said not since pearl harbor have we seen anything like this and this will be bigger because it's on the

mainland. >> i mean, pearl harbor wasn't even part of the united states as a state, you know -- hawaii was a territory then. but here you have one of the world's great financial centers, the heart of american society in effect being bombed. >> this was an act of war. and so i think that's how i've always seen it. [bells tolling] >> david was canada's minister of transport when the 9/11 attacks took place. >> the day itself was very traumatic for my officials in my department and for me and my personal staff and looking back, i would say it was probably the most traumatic significant event that i went through in government. >> 10 years later, the events and his role in them are still fresh in his mind. >> i flew in early that morning to montreal believe it or not to

give an address to the airports council and i was -- and at the end of the speech someone said wind up your speech there's been a tragedy. speak to us before we speak to the media we want to speak to you. >> as soon as he was briefed on the attacks he and his staff immediately left montreal and raced back to ottawa by car. >> all the key decisions were made on a phone, on a cell phone on the 417. >> he gave the order to close canadian air space in stages by allowing aircraft already in the air to continue to their destinations. but all takeoffs were stopped. >> but then we had to deal with the flights with outside of the united states. these are all verbal instructions that came from a minister in an suv over a cell phone communicated through a number of people, to pilots over the atlantic.

♪ >> of 1700 kilometers east of ottawa in gander newfoundland air traffic controllers were about to have the busiest day of their careers. >> when i arrived at work, the westbound flow coming from europe had just started to hit radar coverage in eastern canada and the air space in the united states had been closed and these aircraft were advised that they would to have land as soon as possible. so a lot of aircraft were then diverting towards gander. >> nav canada are responsible for directing all air traffic in the western half of the atlantic air space, the busiest air corridor in the world. ♪ >> on 9/11, like any other day, there were hundreds of planes approaching newfoundland en route to canadian and u.s. destinations. >> some aircraft who had enough

fuel decided to turn around and go back to europe. those who were beyond the point of return, decided they were going to land in canada. ♪ >> this radar image recorded on 9/11 reveals the tracks of aircraft on approach to north america. the traces marked in yellow are landing at beganer international airport. >> as most people are aware, gander is a fairly big airport for the size of the town that it serves so we do have the facilities to hand it. the main difference between a normal day and 9/11 we just had more aircraft and we're set up to handle one to two at a time but handling 38 at a time was taxing our abilities but we did. >> 224 flights were diverted to canada that day carrying more than 33 passengers. >> no one could foresee what the united states government would do. it closed its air space and said

nothing could get over the united states. and i understand why the americans did that but what about us? i mean, we're the neighbor. >> we found ourselves of a circumstance of having to scramble. we were informed after the fact and we weren't consulted after the fact and we had to deal that so many flights were diverted to land. >> by the time the skies were cleared, 39 airliners from all over the world were jammed onto the four runways surrounding the gander airport. more than 6600 stranded passengers stayed inside their planes to await processing by canada customs and rncp officers. >> and we had to be sure before we let anybody off those planes that there weren't terrorists on board. and that was tough because we didn't have security officials, customs officials, rncp and we didn't have enough people and we had to send people off to

gander, goose bay to supplement those personnel. >> at the time we didn't have any concerns who or what might be on the aircraft. we had a lot of -- obviously, a lot of police presence here and a lot of security presence from a lot of different agencies here on that particular day. >> we tried not to look outside what our job was. our main focus that morning was to get these airplanes safely on the ground and to let the air crews and the people that were in the airplanes deal with any situations they had on board. >> the terror attacks that day found the canadian capital absent of almost every cabinet minister. the prime minister was in a breakfast meeting at his official residence 24 sussex with then premier of saskatchew saskatchewan. someone broke into the meeting. >> we were informed there was something tragic and we just didn't know what it was.

so as soon as he left, i opened the tv and i received phone calls. and i've been in touch with ministers and with the head of the rcnp and the armed forces all morning and i have the staff at 24 sussex. >> the 9/11 crisis would force him to make some of the most difficult decisions of his political career. one involved a korean jumbo jet flying over northern canada and heading for the u.s. in the hours just after the attacks on new york and washington. a decoded signal suggested the plane may have been highjacked. >> the americans wanted to shoot them down and by that time the flight was approaching canadian air space and it's highly unusual to allow the u.s. to carry out that kind of an attack if you will over canadian air

space. it can be done but you got to have engagement. >> he gave the go-ahead to shoot down the airliner and it's 207 passengers and crew if it did not land as ordered by norad command. >> we were afraid that they might go to vancouver and nobody -- there was no communication so they got threaded that if the plane was to go into a canadian city it was not to go into vancouver. if you have to choose between certain number of lives and thousands of canadians who are peaceful in the city, you have no choice. >> thankfully, that pilot had the sense to land; otherwise, over 200 people would have been killed. ♪ >> in the hours that followed the attacks, ottawa was a city on edge. roads surrounding the u.s. embassy were cordoned off and

road blocks set up. parliament was under rncp lockdown. the city's office to yourself were evacuated. >> across the street, not that street. >> employees at cpac were among the thousands ordered onto the streets for fear of some unknown impending attack. ♪ >> by late morning, cpac personnel were permitted to return to the building to resume coverage of the unfolding events in the united states in concert with our american colleagues at c-span. >> i'm peter van duesen in ottawa. we will return to c-span's continuing coverage of the terrorist attacks in new york and washington but we want to also give you a sense of how canadian officials have reacted to today's events. in a few minutes we'll hear from rncp representative but first

let's listen to the prime minister. >> i would like to thank canadians who have kept their calm in these last four hours. and that we hope that the situation will come to a little bit more normality quickly. >> in the hours after the attacks, the prime minister was on the phone with key cabinet ministers, formulating canada's response to the 9/11 attacks. canada's foreign affairs minister at the time was john manley, on september 11, he was on board an air canada 747 returning from a g8 summit meeting in frankfort, germany. >> and we were out over the atlantic. the flight attendants on that upper deck came in and asked to speak to me. and they ultimately took me into the cabin on the flight deck and i sat with the pilots and we were able to hear bbc radio reporting on what was going on in the united states.

i spent much of the flight up there. >> while other aircraft bound for canada were being redirected, minister manley's flight was given special permission by transport minister to continue on to its toronto destination. >> somebody took me to a room where i was to be connected to the prime minister, and there was a television there and for the first time i saw the images. and by then the towers had collapsed. and there was no way to visualize that from the audio reports that i'd heard. >> i was in calgary. i was actually on my way to the airport. >> another official who found himself stranded far from ottawa was the u.s. ambassador to canada at the time paul saluchi. >> they sent the challenger jet to fly my wife and i from calgary back to ottawa.

and i must say it was one of the eariest flights -- in fact, it was the eariest flight the only plane to take off and one of the few airplanes other than, you know, military aircraft flying in north america at that time. >> how would you characterize the canadian response to the events that unfolded that day? >> the canadian response was overwhelming. we had about 25,000 americans in addition to several thousand from other countries so we arrived canada unexpectedly because the u.s. air space was closed. in gander there were literally more stranded airline passengers than people who live in gander. >> curious onlookers lined the roads by the airport in gander to view the dozens of planes now parked on its runways.

>> well, the first day was a lot of uncertainty because we weren't sure how long the aircraft was going to be here. so when they landed we weren't sure they were going to be there for five hours, three hours or six hours or six days. we didn't know because the americans at the air space shut down and it was just a waiting game to see if they were going to open it up but it was probably 12, 14 hours after the first plane landed before they decided the air space was going to be shut down for a while and that's when we started getting people out of the planes. >> as the gander airport terminal gradually filled with more and more exhausted passengers, the need to find them food and shelter was growing. buhla cooper is a long time volunteer with the royal canadian legion. >> i was surprised and knew there were so many planes. i think there was something like

37, 39 planes and i thought, gosh, where are they going to put them all? it's almost double the population of gander. >> as the thousands of travelers began to flood into gander and surrounding towns and villages, the enormous scale of the humanitarian crisis began to hit home. >> we started using the churches, organizations like the lions club, the legion, the masonic temple, any place that we could find, you know, the trade school, the community colleges and that. >> one of the places the passengers were taken was the gander campus of the college of the north atlantic where mack moss was the school's administrator. >> this is the room where we assembled all our passengers. when they got off the aircraft, they didn't see a lot at the airport of what was going on. and when they came here and saw

the televisions, for the first time. ♪ >> cnn kept playing that all day long. 300 people came in here. and the place was deathly quiet because they were watching what was going on. this is the first time they knew why they were detained at the airport and why they couldn't go to the united states. so the emotion was tremendous. ♪ >> every hallway, every classroom would soon be transformed into makeshift dormitories for nearly 400 weary and frightened travelers. >> staff members had asked their families if they had blankets, sleeping bags, cots, air mattresses, whatever. and to get them to the campus. >> thousands of stranded travelers were desperate to make telephone calls to reassure those back home that they were

safe. so special phone services were set up outside of community centers to help meet the demand. >> the size of gander has actually doubled so we took it upon ourselves this morning to set up these telephones so that people could make international calls to everywhere. we've had people here calling to all continents in the world. >> so many worried travelers needed to call home. >> you put yourself in their shoes and they didn't know what was going on back home. and they didn't know if any of their families were involved. some of them when they first came, and, you know, you put yourself in their shoes, you know, how would you feel? and your went to them, each and every one of them. >> buhla cooper was volunteering at the royal canadian legion hall where the phones were in constant demand so she decided to take matters into her own

hands. >> i took three ladies to make phone calls and the three ladies i took were the three that stayed here. >> it wasn't long before buhla had befriended the three women and they accepted her invitation to come and stay at her home as long as they needed to. >> this is the lady that stayed with me. she was from brooklyn, new york. this is another lady. this one here she was from niagara falls, new york. and this one was from seattle, washington. >> the idea was to try to keep people out of people's homes 'cause you didn't know who was going in. but don't tell that to newfoundlanders, that was -- that's not their way. they saw somebody walking down the street, they knew they were from the plane they would take them into their house and feed them and let them sleep and let them shower. that was just the thing to do. >> oh, i would have taken the whole works up here if i had the room, i would have brought the whole works of them up here. [laughter] >> that's just who i am. >> the thousands of stranded

travelers had settled into their temporary homes with just the clothes on their backs. soon, donated clothes began to flood into the shelters. [laughter] >> >> with food, shelter and clothing now taken care of, many of gander's guests had other more serious concerns. >> many their medications were in their check luggage. and so the nurses, you know, took their medical requirements or drug requirements and we worked with the hospital and the local pharmacists. >> the local pharmacies provided the prescriptions without charge, medical care was ready and waiting at the local hospital. even the town's stores opened their doors to the air travelers allowing them to take needed items off the shelves free of charge. >> and the shopping clerk

actually invited us to our house to take a shower. it's been -- it's been like that ever since we've been here. it's just phenomenon. we can't thank you guys enough for what you've done. >> the outpouring of concern and assistance by the people of gander left their guests overwhelmed with gratitude. >> we can't believe their hospitality of gander. it's just been absolutely amazing what they've done for us. >> we're so appreciative that everyone who has just rolled out the red carpet for us and we feel almost like celebrities. >> you are. [laughter] >> i'm at the academy here and the people are real nice. i can't believe it, you know? >> it's incredible how generous and how friendly and just down right nice everyone has been here. >> i just cannot be out of the way the people have gone to be kind to us in a circumstance like this, you could not ask for anything more. >> while the people of beganer

and other canadian towns and cities were struggling to assist stranded air travelers, the canada/u.s. border was all but shut down. >> right after the attacks, you know, the border pretty much came to a standstill. the nurses who lived in windsor and were working at the trade hospitals -- we had to get special buses to get them across the border because they couldn't get across the border. >> john manley could see an economic disaster in the works for canada. >> i knew it could have really serious repercussions for canadian, canadian employment, many canadians that crossed the border on a daily basis because they live in canada or work in the u.s. or vice versa. >> do you have any fear that the americans could put pressure on -- >> border security concerns mounted when media in canada and the united states began reporting that some of the suicide terrorists may have entered the u.s. from canada.

>> as far as i'm concerned with this activities that the current new york and washington this week, there's no indication at this moment that those prep traitors came from canada. >> if some came through the canada and one came to the united states i think that's going to suggest that we need to work together to make sure it doesn't happen again. i don't think we're going to be able to blame either country. >> given the shock of the 9/11 attacks i think the americans were really looking for a way to say, it wasn't just our security system that so completely failed us on that day. there were other elements and, you know, canadians were to be blamed and the europeans. it was unfounded but it remains even i say a decade after it remains a persistent urban legend even rooted in the minds of some politicians. >> we have been working against terrorism offshore long time.

>> john manley had urged the prime minister to communicate his government's solidarity with the united states. but some of his cabinet colleagues wanted canada to say little about the attacks and be cautious in siding with the americans. >> my view was, you know, we're in this with the united states. that we needed to very strongly assert our willingness to stand with them against the forces that had been so devastating in new york and in washington. >> but any reluctance to side with the americans quickly faded. just three days after the attacks, some 100,000 people gathered on parliament hill to pay their respects to the 9/11 victims and show solidarity with the united states. >> the thing i'll never, ever forget walking out of the parliament building the prime minister and the governor general and our spouses -- and i

really expected to see about 20, 25,000 people in front of the parliament building. and there were 100,000 people waving the canadian and american flag singing both of our national anthemselves. something i will never, ever, ever forget. ♪ >> canada's best friend and neighbor had come under attack. [applause] >> canadians stood shoulder to shoulder, some weeping, some praying, many in disbelief. >> we held the largest 9/11 memorial event on the friday of that week on parliament hill. >> the prime minister of canada. >> he was the one who decided we're going to do an outdoor memorial. we're not going to let, you

know, the terrorists drive us indoors. >> and the prime minister kept it very simple. and he was i think very eloquent in what he said. >> mr. ambassador, you are assembled here before you here on parliament hill and right across canada, a people united in outrage, in grief, in compassion and in resolve. a people of every faith and nationality, a people who was the result of the atrocity against the united states on september 11, 2001, feel not only like neighbors but like family. at a time like this, words fail

us. we realize the terrible reality of the evil we have just witnessed. [applause] >> the united states and canada and the freedom-loving nations of this will win against terrorism. >> three days after the memorial service, the government held an emergency debate to deal with the crisis. >> might i suggest that honorable members rise and we observe a moment of silence. >> the prime minister was firm in his resolve that canada's reaction would be a measured one. >> we will stand with americans as neighbors, as friends, as family. we will stand with our allies. we will do what we must to

defeat terrorism. but let our actions be guided by a spirit of wisdom and perseverance. >> the government and the people of canada have demonstrated our solidarity with the united states, whatever it takes, our commitment is total and we will give our undivided support to the united states. [applause] >> there was no doubt now which side canada was on. >> canada does not have a history as a pacifist or a neutral country. canada has soldiers that are buried all over europe because we fought in defense of liberty. and we're not about to back away from a challenge now because we think that somebody might get hurt. >> but a year after the attacks, the prime minister was more critical of the americans. he said the u.s. and the west must bear some responsibility for 9/11 because of the gap between rich and poor countries and because of u.s. foreign

policy. a decade later, has he seen any improvement? >> you're asking me a question, if i see a change and i said there have been no change at all on these things, you know, fundamentally. in fact, when you look at the situation in the world today, there's less money going for the poor countries, you know, this notion of sharing, i don't hear that anymore. there used to be a value that canadians cherished. now nobody talks about sharing. >> in the wake of 9/11, canada moved quickly to deal with the threat of global terrorism and to answer any u.s. concerns that this country might be soft on security. ♪ >> within months, canada had joined the united states and other countries in operation enduring freedom in afghanistan. canada was at war to wipe out the terrorist training ground of

al-qaeda and the taliban. >> we went into afghanistan because it was the first time under the nato charter that one of our members had been attacked. we thought it might have been the old soviet union but it happened to be the u.s. attacked by in effect the terrorist group based in afghanistan. >> hi. >> ann mckellan was the minister of justice for the government when they brought in the antiterrorism act. the act gave law enforcement agencies sweeping new powers to arrest and detain suspected terrorists even before any crimes had been committed. >> first of all, one must have a reasonable belief that a terrorist act will take place. and then in addition you must have a reasonable suspicion that the arrest of this specific person is necessary to prevent that terrorist act. >> normally the police approach is to wait for an offense to be committed and then deal with it.

of course, you in counterterrorism you don't want the offense to be committed. you want to stop it ahead of time so it's a completely different approach. and then, of course, there was a whole series of terrorist-related activities that was going on in canada, some quite open that we couldn't do anything about. it wasn't illegal to raise funds for a terrorist group. it wasn't illegal to do reconnaissance for potential target. it wasn't illegal to recruit people to join a group. so the police used to monitor all manner of little groups but they couldn't do anything until, you know, the first bomb had been planted. then they could spring into action. >> the antiterrorism legislation we passed controversial and perhaps necessarily controversial at the time has proven its worth. it's proven that it's capable of being fitted into the framework of a charter. it's proven workable in terms of a series now of very high profile and very significant terrorism trials. ♪

>> those high profile trials resulted in lengthy jail terms for seven toronto area muslim men who were part of the so-called toronto 18. group members were arrested for plotting to storm parliament hill and blow up toronto area landmarks including the cn tower. surveillance video captured them gathering materials they planned to use to make a massive bomb, a bomb with the same explosive power as one detonated at this test range. five years after the antiterrorism act became law, two of its most controversial clauses were allowed to lapse, one provision allowed police to hold suspects without laying charges for up to three days. the other compelled suspects to testify behind closed doors in front of a judge. the conservatives later tried and failed to win parliamentary approval to renew those clauses

but now with a majority government that shouldn't be a problem. this woman of the canadian islamic congress made submissions to the parliamentary justice committee urging it to make changes to the legislation to moderate its more controversial powers. >> the laws were written in such a way that any activity the muslims were involved in could be misconstrued as a terrorist activities. yes, we should have security. yes, a government going to take some measures which we may not like, but to have such sweeping measures in place and identifying only one group. >> as far as civil rights are concerned, i don't think they have been curtailed. and if the issue of racial profiling comes in, i don't even have a problem with it. >> on the day of the attacks, author tariq fatah was on the streets of toronto where he

experienced the sudden backlash of anti-muslim sentiment firsthand. >> at that particular time, about a couple hours, there was still rumors there were planes headed towards different cities. and i was also spat on by someone and said you're the muslim guy on television and spat on my face. very separate. >> despite being shocked by the experience, he doesn't believe that canada's muslim communicated has experienced one rephrase prejudice or targeted unfairly by security officials. >> it hasn't hurt the muslim people at all. i've gone across the border and come in and out of canada most of the times. >> who do you think who are detained at the airports they have a little beard and look like the terrorist faces, the muslim names -- they were the

ones who were basically on the list and they were pulled out from the lines and all that. >> if the chances of someone looking like me has a bigger probability of being a terrorist, then your grandmother in a wheelchair than i have absolutely no problem if i am picked out rather than your grandmother and say, can you come on the side and talk to me. >> the idea of targeting secondary screening procedures at airports and border crossings to higher risk individuals, so-called racial profiling is one that terrorism expert john thompson enthusiastically supports. >> well, political correctness is adding huge levels of expense to our airport security. our refusal to focus our attentions on people that should be interesting but subjecting chinese grandmothers and, you know, and jamaicans to strip

searching and everybody else when they're not the problem. >> there are some members of the muslim community who say that, you know, this new legislation, these new measures, in fact, targeted them. that they feel like they've been targeted. what do you think of that concern. >> i don't think so. i think the people that we've targeted, the organizations that we've targeted have all had an objective factual basis for which we have done that. this has not been capricious or discriminatory in an arbitrary sense. we focused on certain types of groups because of the dangers that they pose. >> since 9/11, the canadian government has faced an ongoing challenge to balance the rights of its citizens with the need to reassure the united states that it takes border security seriously. >> well, i think we've been very careful to ensure that civil

liberties are respected while at the same time of ensuring that the security interests that have been expressed or voiced have also been met. i think canadians generally speaking recognize the importance of security both to the americans and consequently to us and have been actually quite understanding of changes that we've had to make. >> in december of 2001, u.s. homeland security chief tom ridge came to ottawa to meet with then minister of foreign affairs john manley. >> the goal that minister manley and i have set out for ourselves and for our respective countries from our first meeting was to work in collaboration, to coordinate as best as possible the means with which we can provide mutual security at our borders but also given the enormous interdependence of our

mutual economies on the continuing free-flow of goods and services across those borders. >> what was called the canada-u.s. partnership became the elements of the smart border accord. it was principally our ideas and tom ridge came to ottawa i think on the 12th of december, so barely three months after 9/11 and did the smart border accord. it was to me the most important thing i could do in protection of canada's national interest to achieve some understanding of how we would conduct ourselves along the border. ♪ >> there were four main pillars to the smart border accord. it would secure the flow of people against the canada-u.s. border and expediting the flow of goods. ♪ >> commitments were made to

invest in security infrastructure such as airport passenger screening technologies and smart technologies to secure the trucking industry. ♪ >> the fourth and most controversial element was the joint coordination of law enforcement agencies and an agreement to share intelligence data. >> we wanted to put more emphasis on the openness of the border, continuing trade, continuing a movement of people and goods. the americans wanted to put more interest on security and we continued to struggle with it and the current manifestation of that struggle is the idea of a north american security perimeter which we haven't quite seen. >> my view at the time was that a security perimeter around north america was the most effective way to deal with this. you need to -- you need to put the fence up there and say, let's keep the bad guys out. put your energy and your

resources into the places where they might be boarding those planes, boats or trains because if you try to do it internally it becomes an endless and very, very costly process. >> i was the first one to mention perimeter security. i said it shortly after the 9/11 attacks. and i got a call from the prime minister who said, you know, some canadians left ankle if you say perimeter that the border is going to disappear. well, i don't mean that at all. i said i'll tell you what, i'll call it the zone of confidence so i started calling it the zone of confidence so it's kind of funny 10 years later they're back to perimeter security. >> a north american security perimeter has been under negotiation for almost a decade driven largely by the desire of industry to satisfy the americans that the canadian border is secure. the man who was foreign minister now speaks for the giants of

canadian business. >> i don't have a problem with the fact that they are becoming very concerned. it's ultimately the principal role of the government to ensure that its population can live with a degree of security and peace in their country in their homes. and given that they are by a huge degree our largest customer, it's legitimate for us to be concerned about what our customer is worried about. >> the americans are still after a kind of 100% vision of complete security of the borders. still kind of responding to the shock of the 9/11 attacks. canadians are trying to say to the americans 100% security of the border is not achievable. it's too expensive. you can never ereck a system of kind. >> it has damage impacts on trade and let's focus on what we agree are the real threats and target measures against those real threats and that's where we can find sort of the part of harmony. >> the human interception of the sun sea off the coast of british

columbia in august of 2010 raised fears that among the hundreds of would-be refugee seekers on board were members of terrorist organizations. ♪ >> the incident was just the kind of red flag lawmakers in washington could raise in calling for canadian to toughen its border and revise its refugee and immigration policies. >> that i will be faithful. >> the issue that one some see an infringement on canadian sovereignty. >> i share that concern because i'm an old canadian nationalist and i make no apologies for it. i believe in the canadian way of life and the way we govern ourselves. and very strong about the need to protect our sovereignty. >> every international agreement is a compromise of sovereignty whether you're talking about the geneva accords or climate change agreements or anything, there's always a compromise of

sovereignty there. so sovereignty is not an absolute concept. it's constantly being compromised. >> there is not going to be any surrender of sovereignty in this process. there just isn't. that was clear in the vision of the president and the prime minister. i have been involved, as i say, in many of the discussions over the last several months. that's just not an issue. >> well, let's put this into perspective. 80% of our goods travels into the united states. obviously, millions of canadian jobs depend on that trade relationship. we want to see that trade relationship continue as do americans. americans understand that trade relationship is very important for their citizens as well. the prime minister has made it very clear that if this is simply a security issue and will just create another layer of security without any benefits in terms of the flow of traffic and people between our two

countries, then the agreement isn't worth pursuing. so for us, there are discussions and interests that we need to resolve and we will do that. >> i have a very high degree of confidence that we're going to get there. this time there is a dedication on both sides of the border by people at the highest levels in both of our governments that we got to get this thing done. and i think if everybody just kind of takes a deep breath and waits to see how this thing plays out and comments on the actual action plans and the actual proposals as opposed to what people fear, maybe in the actual proposal, they'll be a little bit more comfortable. ♪ >> the horrifying attacks that took place on september 11, 2001, cast a pall over the

decade that followed. ♪ >> with every anniversary of 9/11, ordinary citizens and politicians have reflected on what that day meant to them and how it changed their lives. >> it's a day that changed the world. it certainly changed my world on a very personal -- in a very personal way but it changed everyone's world. it's a global event and canada has a role to play in the global community. ♪ >> what happens south of the 49th is what happens north of the 49th. we're in this together. the kind of war that we're used to fighting with bad guys and good guys in white hats and black hats and front lines and demarcation points is never the way it's ever going to happen again. ♪ >> it's evident now that the problem for security that we all face is more security against

terrorism than a danger of a real war, you know, with armies of one country to the armies of another country. i don't think we'll see a lot of it in the future. it will be very much the type of trouble by fanatic in different parts of the world that will be the most difficult problems that the governments will have to face. ♪ >> and what about the day itself? the anniversary of so much destruction, of so much loss, what will the people we spoke to be thinking about on that day? >> i think it's a time to reflect on those who lost their lives. we're, of course, still saddened by that loss, the families, the victims of terrorists carry that burden with them for the rest of their lives. but we also have to remember that the fight against terrorism is an ongoing fight. that we should be reminded of

that. that these terrorists are not simply against one country but they're against a way of life and that way of life includes the values and life that canadians have here. that's one of the concerns that we have about home grown radicalism. why do things like that happen in a place like canada? that individuals come here second and third generation become radicalized and create problems of terrorism for their -- for their fellow citizens? it's simply not understandable in all aspects but we do have to continue to be vigilant to ensure that those types of activities are rooted out. ♪ >> i would love to say i think the worst is behind us. osama bin laden is dead, many of the key leaders of al-qaeda are

dead. that maybe we can begin to relax, but regrettably, i don't think that's the case. the world is a dangerous place. ♪ >> i think if you go back to, you know, to 9/11, i think on that day we saw the worst of mankind. but i think that if you talk to the people that was here in gander, that they saw the best of mankind and a lot of people left there with a new sense of hope. they left there with a new sense of pride that they still went away thinking, there's still good people left in our society. ♪ >> i'm going to have these memories that i will have with me forever, really, of the unbelievable and overwhelming response of the canadian government, the canadian people helping my country in our time of need. ♪