>> lets go ahead and get started, we have a panel of true experts this morning. some have flown all the way across the country. i think these are great following general speakers, and his honor as a tough act to follow, but we will try to take the big picture, move it down. our panelists are going to try to fill in the slices of the pie from their companies and their personal experiences about the beneficial effects of immigrants into the personal situations. i think it helps americans take the abstract and down and

understand what they're talking about today. the mayor said the stage already, but a few comments did not want to go away. we are at 9% unemployment, but we are facing a shortage of workers for certain kinds of jobs. you don't have to take my word for it. a couple of studies have come out recently, the mckinsey global institute on june 11. the united states will not have enough workers with the right education to fill the profiles of jobs likely to be created. united states will not have enough workers with the right education and training for the jobs likely to be created. our analysis suggests that a shortage of 1.5 million workers with a bachelor's degrees had higher in 2020. 6 million americans without a high-school diploma are likely to be without a job.

americans that attend college and vocational schools choose a field of study that will give them specific skills that employers are seeking. this points to potential shortages in many occupations such as nutrition, welders, nurse's aide. in addition to the often predicted shortfall of computer specialists in engineering. a new one came out of georgetown. america was slow coming out of recession in 2007, only to find itself on a collision course with the future. not enough americans are completing college. by 2018, we will need 22 million new college degrees but will fall short of that number by at least 3 million. whinnied 4.7 million new workers with certificates. you can't throw a stick without

finding articles on this issue. a new york times, factory jobs return but employers find skills shortages. giving a lift to the fragile economy. because they laid off so many workers, manufacturers have a vast pool of people to choose from. employers complain that they can't fill their openings. the problem is a mismatch between the kind of skills needed and to the ranks of the unemployed. 2 million open jobs, i can go on. the point is, in a world with 9% unemployment, it is hard to believe that this is the case. it is worth mentioning that we look at the 9% figure, but among those with college degrees, the unemployment rate is 4.3%.

0% unemployment is what we prefer, but as we're talking today about what the companies faced, we need to keep those statistics in mind. -- ifkers can't find companies can't find the workers they need, it will not create jobs. you don't need an economics degree to say that if companies can't find workers, they are not going to grow and that will hurt everyone including americans looking for jobs. it allows you to put things in perspective. right now, in this country, we have three separate worker programs. as we talk about trying to expand the program and the various ways, we're talking

about a small drop in an ocean and a drop that is very important to drive economic growth. those are basically the three programs that drive immigration in the temporary worker area. if you look at a charge of 165 million and you put the level of the numbers included in the temporary worker programs, it is flatter than a pancake. i am not going to go through the various statistics that the mayor went through on graduates from universities, 50% with ph.d. and a master's coming from immigrants from overseas. we have a hard time keeping them even if they want to stay. a lot of them say i will go back to my home country and compete

against -- it is sort of a ludicrous position we are in, one of those areas that over the years we keep struggling with. maybe the next year-and-a-half or less we have a shot at making some progress. certainly there are some economic studies that say that immigration has a slight adverse effect on americans with very low wage levels. there are more economic studies anyone to shake a stick at. at the high end, economic studies are clear. it has a positive effect on the american economy, generally. it is not even a debate among that. that is where we are. the mayor touched on all of these subjects. we have an excellent panel here,

and i will introduce them quickly. there bios are in your material. i will go down the list, then we will shake it up a little bit. senior counsel of global migration at microsoft, came in three days ago to get ready. as a senior management level of migration services, microsoft u.s. immigration department consists of a team of 17 professionals responsible for the handling of all u.s. immigration matters for microsoft. to her right, manager of a global immigration services. the company diversified with 57,000 employes worldwide and directs the company's emigration and international visa function to facilitate the transfer of personnel worldwide for

regulatory compliance and associated travel issues. i have known elizabeth for over a decade. she chairs the subcommittee, and always comes to the table well prepared and whenever we needed somebody to testify, let's live up elizabeth. she will fly down and do what needs to be done. executive director of enterprise innovation, stephen has 10 years of private equity experience. a graduate of georgia tech, he returned to his of water as chief commercialization officer. it was led to streamline the licensing of technology have to make the institute's resources more accessible to business and industry. i think he and our next speaker

will have a different perspective on emigration, all in agreement, but sort of a different take. he said i introduced him as a doctor q. even though i took four years of spanish. he is a neuroscience for cellular and molecular medicine. at john hopkins at the bayview medical center. that just about does it right there. he is an internationally renowned neurosurgeon that leaves cutting edge research to cure brain cancer, and as we have talked on the phone earlier, he has quite a story to tell about his inexperience. i think most of you know her, a research officer for the federal reserve bank of dallas.

she has done a lot of great writing on immigration. she wrote the book, u.s. immigration reform and a new era of globalization in 2010. do we have copies in the back of the room? she will provide a look back as we go through the specifics. elizabeth, since you're the chair of the immigration subcommittee, let's start with you. >> while i chaired the subcommittee on immigration, i hear from a lot of other companies that are having the same kind of problems, attracting and retaining high skilled talent. but so we can get a little snapshot of companies that use highly skilled workers, i will talk mostly about my company and what we do.

it is a $14 billion diversified industrial company. we employ 58,000 worldwide. we have 83 manufacturing facilities, 47 of them in the united states. we operate in every global region. our strategic and branch, trained air-conditioning, transport refrigeration, locks and everybody knows our golf carts. it does a lot to sustain productivity for industrial production. they are all the no. 1 or no. 2 brands in their market. a lot of that is because we have a very innovative product. we employ 3000 engineers globally.

700 are lead accredited engineers, who recognized green building certification. we are committed to sustainable energy solutions, we have a center for energy efficiency and sustainability. it is a dedicated global team that is increasing the pace of environmentally sustainable innovation of the product that we manufacture and sell. while it really only uses less than 1% of h1b workers, their highly specialized knowledge and skills driving innovation that supports a very complex global platform of products that are sold in every country around the world.

our engineering managers recruit at top universities in the united states. when they go out to recruit, they're looking for candidates that have attained at least a master's degree, and they're looking for candidates with a very highly specialized in jerry specialties that relate to a product line. like integrated electronics. most universities now that are really at the top echelons throughout the country have a lot of cross-disciplinary degrees. which are really amazing because you will take somebody that has maybe a business degree in engineering degree. they're very good at creating the business system because they understand the business aspect of it as well as having the capability of being able to create global platforms for itt business solutions.

this year, we recruited the three ph.d. candidates that are working on product development. when we went out to look for engineers, one of them that we hired, in his doctoral thesis was on design optimization, a renewable energy system. a commitment to innovation and sustainable energy. as i said, he completed a ph.d. at a u.s. university and had opposed completion employment experiments -- experience, a close connection to one of our product lines. with his employment experience, he was uniquely qualified to identify breakthroughs in energy from home air-conditioning, heating, and ventilation systems. not only is he doing a wonderful job for the company creating

innovative products, but he is also doing research that is supporting our commitment to energy efficiency. that will help everybody. as i said, these people have a lot of opportunities now. because i do global immigration, i see other countries were also interested in small talent pools and a lot of other countries make it much easier for these highly qualified individuals. mayor bloomberg talked about canada. i have someone down who is concerned we will not be able to get a green card for him and he is applying for canadian citizenship. it is a pretty easy process. it is a skill-based thing. i'm afraid we will lose him. that is a simple fact. if we cannot come through the

labor certification and get him a green card, because he is an indian national, he has to wait eight years to get a green card, he will go elsewhere. and now they're wonderful opportunities for them in their home countries. there are great opportunities in the european bloc for i.t. services. this is our competition. we're not just competing against other u.s. companies. we are competing on a global platform with other countries looking to attract the same talent that we are trying to keep here. if we keep this talent here and redo the product innovation

here and we do the manufacturing of these products here, this creates jobs for americans. for example, our centrifugal air tracked business has an almost 90% of the products exported, mostly to underdeveloped countries. these are products that sell from $500,000 to over $1 million. they harm manufactured here in north carolina. right now, we are going through a number projects to develop new cutting edge product enhancements for this particular product line, which creates energy and is also energy efficient. it is an international competition for this very small pool of highly skilled talent. i think we have to look at the immigration system in the united states that is in keeping our

ability not allowed to hire these people initially as an h1b worker -- we do run out of them each year. by january, we will be out of h1b numbers for fiscal year 2012. so our recruitment people will not be able to hire a farmworker who requires an h1b visa. how do we get green cards for them? why do they have to be stuffed in a job for eight years to 10 years because there is such an incredible backlog in immigrant visa numbers? again, a lot of the candidates that i am looking at, because we are and engineering engineering company, come from those

classifications. that is something that mayor bloomberg brought up. if we had some mechanism to retain these people, it will drive business. it will keep manufacturing in the united states. in the end, it will support our economy and our gross national product. thank you. >> you mentioned high tech. in the past, you have also mentioned a shortage of skills. for example, welders and such. >> yes. there are manufacturing jobs as well as high skilled jobs that are shortage occupations. precision machinists, that this kind of a skill that you do not see much in the united states anymore. again, it is essential for certain of our product lines that you are putting together.

putting together to -- tool and die people, they are less skilled workers and there is no mechanism to bring them into the country. we spend a lot of kind -- a long time with that, looking for welders. the attrition -- the people who are retiring now who have those skills and the young people are not going into that at all. young people do not want to be welders in america. foreigners will come in and do welding. but that is not something that attracts good and we do have our own welding school. we still cannot get the appropriate candidates. my engineering manager tells me that there is a skill to welding. it is not just being willing to do it. it is a highly skilled profession. as is precision machining and tool and die stuff.

they do not require a college degree, but they are highly skilled jobs as well. >> first novel, i want to thank you for organizing the event and inviting me to join. it is an honor to be part of the panel and the conversation and i am grateful for the opportunity to be here today. i am senior counsel for global migration at microsoft. microsoft global migration group is one of the largest in house immigration programs in the country and is responsible for helping to enable microsoft to lead the industry in its ability to hire and retain talent by delivering timely, effective, and measurable immigration solutions. in simple terms, i like to say that we help microsoft hire the best and brightest talent. once on board, we helped insert

them into the microsoft family by allowing them to focus on their jobs and their personal lives while we handled their immigration matters. having them focus on their jobs and their lives and not worrying about their immigration matters is a really big task. between tom, randy, the mayor, and elizabeth, we have covered a lot of ground here. i want to spend a lot of -- in the the time covering what we see on the street level and giving you some specific examples of what we're facing in the competitive marketplace. i would like to focus my remarks around three main issues. number one, why do we need to hire foreign nationals in the first place and what would be the detrimental effect if it could not bring them into the u.s.? no. 2, what is our experience when we are able to bring it in the foreign nationals that we need? is it right? that is often argued in for rick

professional hired, there is an american professional who is not. or is there another more positive creation affected? number three, what are we doing because of the broken immigration system? do we have to operate at a deficit until things change? why does microsoft need to hire foreign nationals and the first place? what would be the detrimental effect if we did not bring the four national mini into the u.s.? what lost opportunities which we face? for us, when we look at lost opportunities, it is really hard. we're focused on innovation. we're focused on being the next great thing. we want to come out with the next best technology that you all want to use. so we cannot just identify the sites -- those opportunities. we have to create environments where we allow that innovation two floors. that will allow certain ideas to force and then see what opportunities present

themselves. like most major companies, microsoft competes in the global economy. part of that intel's having operations around the world. that being said, we have been firmly -- part of that entails having operations around the world. while we have more than 90,000 employees worldwide, more than half of them live and work in the united states. our research and development efforts have always been led in primarily conducted at our headquarters in washington can and we fully expect this to continue. and fat, 83% of our nine points $6 billion in research and development activities -- $9.6 billion in research and development activities occur in the u.s.. microsoft is a company whose entire basis is ideas and innovation. sure, we need to make sure that we stay on target with our development schedule. but we also want to make sure that we encourage -- that we

trade increased opportunities for innovation. we want to be able to be a game changer. we want to create that hot technology. this means having access to the best minds in the field. star talent acquisition strategies are absolutely critical. finding the right talent is not as simple as substituting one person for another. for our business, it comes down to having the right technical skill set for our core technology jobs. we focused our recruiting for core technology jobs at u.s. universities, which continue to be among the best in the world for computer science and engineering graduates. so there is a serious shortage of u.s. students with expertise in the fields we need. we have found through our expansive recruitment records that u.s. universities -- at u.s. universities, how of the small pool of graduates, the

majorities are for national students. randy mentioned the georgetown university study that projects jobs and education requirements in 2018. we will need 22 million new college degrees. but the country is on course to fall short of that number by at least 3 million. moreover, we're falling short in many of the field we need the most feared computer-related bachelor's degrees awarded in the u.s. dropped from 60,000 in 2004 to cut 38,000 in 2008. nor are these shortfalls limited to the bassos degree level. last year, only about 1600 computer science ph.d.'s graduated from u.s. universities. of these, some 60% were foreign nationals. as well, for instance turn 50% of the computer engineering degrees at the u.s.

masters level. this is poor employment for recruitment. one of the stumbling blocks in this debate is that people often ask how you can talk about a shortfall of talent when the unemployment rate is hovering around 9%, and increasingly, however, the unemployment problem in the u.s. is also skills problem. we see this in a unemployment rate for the different groups of americans. we see a 9.6% unemployment rate for individuals with only a high-school diploma. in contrast, unemployment for individuals with a college degree or more is only 4.3%. this education-based difference in the unemployment rate is mirrored in the i.t. environment. the unemployment rate for computer and mathematical operations hovered around 3.7%.

it was under half the overall unemployment rate. what is clear is that our country is operating with a dual the unemployment rate, one for those with strong post secondary education and another starkly different one for those without it. to promote the country's long- term competitiveness and from -- and create -- the u.s. must produce more university graduates in these fields. our first priority should be to elevate and enhance the skills of american citizens so they can compete for the higher skilled jobs in this economy. we need to bring more americans up to a secondary level. that makes such a major difference in employability. we also must make sure that students are focused in the fields that the economy needs pin it does not just start at the post secondary level. we need to do more to spark the interest of american students of all ages and to help build the

educational environment for our own students to survive. for us, this is about addressing the issue at its record microsoft approaches its u.s. education strategy with the same level of thoroughness and creativity and resources that we bring to software development. microsoft contributes tens of millions of dollars annually to support organizations and programs designed to encourage students and workers in america to pursue stem field and to increase the skill level of the u.s. work force with a wide variety of free and reduced-cost online digital literacy training. i can spend a lot of time going through the programs, the educational programs, but i will save time and just mention a few. we have elevate america and elevate america veterans initiative. we looked at a community-based efforts to provide free jobs and

-- to provide free job training opportunities and other transitional services for returning iraq and afghanistan veteran service people and their spouses. a new privately funded program to improve teaching and learning in sun's technology, engineering, and math. our $6 million commitment over three years will make this program focused on investments that will improve student learning and make -- in the crucial infield out in her home state. we have a washington opportunities scholarship for we pledged $25 million over the next five years. as well, microsoft education announced a new $15 million investment in research and development for merc of learning technologies, including game- based construction and the creation of a lifelong learning digital archive. i have to tell you, just as i have a child who just entered kindergarten, by e-mail came in

yesterday. i saw that we just once a new program where we actually bring an elementary school student on tour campus and have them experience in the technology that we create and spend time with them really just trying to spark their interest in technology and the idea that they can be the next greatest thing, that they can be an innovator. if they just focus on the math and science and technology field, who knows what they may become. i think it is really exciting as i look at my son. i hope you will go down that road could i look to companies like my own and others to really sparked the interest of our young students. but skilling the population is not the solution near term coul. part of the solution means access to foreign professionals.

i need to be clear that our need for high-skilled foreign talent is not just a shortage issue. we will always want and americans should always welcome those who are the very best at what they do no matter what country they come from. we should want this sort of impact talent on our team, not on someone else's. i can list the number of microsoft leaders who are foreign-born. but in the interest of time, i will just focus on one. -his name is alex to mentor and he came from brazil where he was enthralled with software developed when he started playing begins at the age of five. he strutted at the rochester institute of technology in the u.s. from the time he graduated and joined microsoft in 2001, he has been the primary inventor for 60 patent filings, 14 that have been granted this year alone. he is one of the fathers of connect and is responsible for

incubating the project. he took the business and drove it through proof and execution good if you're not familiar with it now, it is the device that allows people to control through voice and gestures the fault -- the software and games for microsoft and xbox. it is very cool. other than being just a game, kinnect is a good example how often innovators from abroad help to promote jobs and growth and opportunity in the american economykinnect holds -- in the american economy. kinnect holds the world record of sales after it launched in november. it has been a key revenue driver, generating more than $1.2 billion in revenue in its short life so far. it has been a huge job creator at microsoft. but there is an important

downstream economic expectation good packaging, transportation, buyers, stock clerks, persons in the stores who sell it and the list goes on. beyond that, there are also avenues of innovation not yet even imagined that this revolutionary technology will open for others. kinnect is a game, but we have read articles where it is being used in operating rooms by surgeons. the list of innovation is on and on. we are very passionate about it and we are passionate about the fact that it creates as a job creator in the u.s. economy. companies and developers can allies on the technology, whether through games or the technologies such as health care and robotics and more. as a country, we should be doing everything we can to make sure ideas like this one bloom here in the united states. this means making sure that people like alex, who sits near

the top of past company magazine as the creative people in business for 2011, are attracted to study in this country and bring their talents to the american workplace with a ready pass to permanent residence in the u.s. so what is their expense -- what is our experience when we are able to bring in the foreign nationals that we need? there are no serious studies. microsoft's consistent growth has letters to increase employment every year since the company's founding in 1975. this growth means more jobs for u.s. workers. over the last five years, our u.s. work force has increased by 22%. although microsoft has directly created u.s. jobs with a significant rate, this is not where the economic effects and been in 2010 from a study by the

university of washington illustrates the powerful downstream economic effect of high technology jobs. the study found that the nine but 16 -- that the $9.16 billion in turn created job opportunities for other state businesses for a multiplier effect amounting to 267,611 jobs that year. through this multiplier, every job at microsoft supported 5.81 jobs elsewhere in the state economy. contributions have been possible by combining american brainpower with some of the talents of some of the brightest professionals from around the world gripped the u.s. work force is made up overwhelmingly of u.s. workers. but part of the recipe also relies on our ability to

attract an essential complement of the best minds from other countries. microsoft is innovating and innovative department. because of shortages and intense competition, filling our talent needs remains a serious challenge. we currently have thousands of unfilled job openings with over half being computer science positions did our continued ability to help fuel the american economy depends highly on access to the best possible talent. this can be achieved exclusively through educational improvement. we need to be able to attract and have adequate access through the immigration system to skilled workers from abroad. so what are we doing because of a broken system? do we just have to operate at a deficit until things change?

certainly, there are times when we have looked at work-arounds. when we could not bring in the talent that we needed, we look to canada and we moved jobs to canada. we opened up our development center did today, we are facing different challenges and our most pressing immigration problem is the profound shortage of green cards. as previously discussed, we have employees, indian and chinese nationals mainly, who are looking at a 10-year wait for more to obtain their green card. these are individuals who have master's degrees, ph.d. boss from u.s. universities, who have gone through the process. we have looked for an american worker through the american labor process. we have shown that there's not one available. we have been certified and they

have gone through the petition process. they have been approved. immigrant visa available due to the restrictions of numbers to allow them to obtain permanent residence in the u.s.. that is really difficult to persuade the best and the brightest talent in the world to come here if we cannot offer them permanent residence here. if they will have trouble obtaining a mortgage, even buying a car because they are seen as only being here temporarily, they cannot put down roots. they are worried about their children going to school and then having to transition them back to a different country. it is really difficult. these are bright people. they could get high wages in other countries. we have talked about the wages in canada. we have seen wages in india and china and brazil skyrocket. the jobs will go to where the

talent is. we need to make sure that the talent is here in the west. -- in the u.s. we look forward to legislative reform any meaningful way that will benefit the country, encourage investment, retain and attract high skilled talent and create jobs. a lot of thinking clearly has already been done in defining clear policies that congress can take. i think mayor blubber went through -- mayor bloomberg went through changes that we shall look to. which certainly recommend that congress ensures that the supply of employment-based green cards acknowledge the economy. after they graduate, rather than a tawnies abroad.

again, we need to welcome these people in and we need to show them a path to permanent residency here in the united states. we need to welcome these people with open arms, not kind of let the men and then tell them, maybe, if you're a really long wait, maybe then we will allow you to reside here and planned your ribs. and while we await legislative reform, microsoft will continue to do what it has done for years, to be a positive participant in the process through collaboratives with the u.s. government. -- wouldple would be st thee be the stem obpt. it would give graduates with more of an opportunity to

remain in the u.s. and contributory economy. there are still plenty of good ideas out there. employers have already gone through the department deliver process and received certification, who have already gone through the sts process and received an improved emigrant visas position and would have their green cards today if not for there were not enough visas to go around. we cannot make mistakes with our economy. it is a mistake to not allow an innovative economy to hire the best talent. we need to help keep our position as the global innovation leaders. to do that, we need a system that does not work as a detriment to our innovation. thank you. >> as you're talking, was making a list of senators for you and elizabeth to meet with. [laughter] a compelling case. let's go to the other side of the country, ga. -- i know you

have a different angle on some of these issues. >> thank you for having me here. i was laughing in the brick that i could probably replace my prepared remarks with what mike bloomberg said. he hit a lot of the right points. he did a great job. i think my role is coming from academia. i am not personally and academic. but i would like to discuss what emigration means to us as a research university and what some of the policy's main toward where students can do after they graduate. for those of you who are not familiar with it, we are the largest school in the nine states. there are some people who think we're pretty good. we are ranked as the force -- the fourth best engineering school in the u.s. that is not a plaid place to be. it ranks as the seventh best university of all types in the country.

and we are broad. we're not just good at one thing. we have 12 different disciplines in engineering. we are actually top 10 in 11 of those categories. we do not offer the 12th one, which is agricultural. we do not have any cows. i think we're strong across the board. and we are in atlanta appeared as you might expect, ever since the civil rights era, we have a strong record of graduating minorities, initially african- americans, and now binaries' all types. -- and now minorities of all types. we are usually numbered two or three in any of us and we're top 10 in all of them. we have a very diverse campus. part of that is that we have a lot of foreign students. right now, 7% of our undergraduate body is.

we get more applications than we .an take goo 40% -- the national average for stem students is 50%. in computer science, it is over 60%. we are at about 40%. those come from india, china, and korea. but we represent 115 countries, including iceland. i do not think that i can name 115 countries if you asked me to. but that is our latest list. and overall student body, 18% of our total enrollment of 21,000 students. so 2000 foreign students on our campus. it is hard to get into georgia tech. we're pretty picky. we get nine applications for reese loft in our freshman class.

the 3800 students have made it through the process are the best of the best. at that point, everybody is smart. they're hard-working, dedicated, and flexible. you cannot ask for better students, either at the undergraduate or the graduate level. companies could not ask for better workers per hospitals cannot ask for better physicians. as a country, we cannot ask better citizens than these kids. but as a country, we have put a bill of barriers and we're making it very difficult for these bright kids to build careers in this country first, just getting their student visa approved, never mind residents say, has turned into a nightmare. we have created a whole department since 9/11 to help these students. we are not doing joint programs in other countries. so the chinese nationals and indian--- international's cannot get to georgia tech students to

their countries. is a nightmare. it did not used to be that way. look back at history. 100 years ago, the united states had a mediocre set of colleges and universities in 1911. harvard was pretty good. but it fell off pretty fast after that. by 1950, unchallenged and unquestioned -- we have the finest higher education system on the planet. 60 years later, we still do. other people are working on it, but we still have the best. what happened to change that higher education system between 1910 and 1950? immigration. the higher education system in this country was built on immigration. it was triggered, unfortunately, by adolf hitler. he took power in 1933. he basically destroyed the german university system, which

was unchallenged at that time, the best university system in the world. he ran off that talent. because talent family. it is tough to move factories real people get on airplanes. at that time, on boats. and most of the german professors and many of the students went to britain and increasingly to the united states. among other things, that won the war could imagine the manhattan project without jewish scientists could imagine even worse, manhattan project with those jewish scientists working on the bone. that would not have been a good outcome all over europe, both sides, brainpower started moving, mostly at that point to the united states from all over the continent. then from latin america and asia. basically, we sought in the best brains from all over the world into our colleges and universities over 20 years. that led to more than half a

century of really unchallenged economic dominance for the united states. we are now seeing challenges to that. it is interesting to reflect that, if we had had current immigration law back then, that migration of brain power would not have happened and we probably would not have had the dominant economy or the dominant military on this planet for the past 60 years. let me give you a current example. a couple of months ago, i was judging a georgia tech students event. it was about doing mostly master students with some undergrad, mostly in computer science and electrical engineering. i was incredibly impressed by the quality of the student teams. it was a mobile app thing. it was really impressive. these were commercial-grade

apps or you could see how they would get there from here. i spent about a decade as a working venture-capital is before getting to academia. i was pretty impressed. these were class projects that felt like a venture capital event where people were coming to pitch ideas for investment. i started acting -- would you like to start a company? i have friends in the business. i think i can get some of these projects funded. usually, i cannot. i am kind of slow, but i figured out -- i started asking where are you from? 28 competitors in this student project, 26 of them were from overseas. there is no way that a -- the 26 students can get their degrees at georgia tech and start companies. they want to, but they cannot.

there's only one thing that i will say that you must remember we educate kids and they want to start companies here and they have to go home. they want to stay here. they can afford an h1b. they do not have $21,000. and the immigration service does not recognize self employment. there is no path for them to create company. so there trusses are to fight -- so their choices are to find a great company that will sponsor them for h1b and a green card and they can have a very successful career that way, but they cannot create companies and create jobs. or they can go home. and they are doing very well in china and india and brazil and they can compete with us from there.

i built the carrier building entrepreneurs. entrepreneurship is very hard. most people who try it fail. figuring out who will succeed is really one of the key skills sets in the venture capital business. i submit that being able to pack your bags and moved to another country where you may not speak the language for graduate school is a pretty good indicator if a young person has what it takes to start a successful company. over half the start-ups in silicon valley have a founder from either india or china. these are the people we want. the kauffman foundation found young companies less than five years old have accounted for essentially all the job growth in new -- in the united states in the last five years. all of the job growth, from young companies. but our policy does not allow

them to come here to participate in that job creation either get a job with the company or go home. at georgia tech, we have seen the impact of this every year. we are dealing with multiple students with these issues. last year, we had a spinoff company created by a graduate student from another country. master's in electrical engineering. a brilliant kid. he went through all the hoops and did his mpt, but then he ran out of options and could not stay and he gave up. apple snapped him up instantly and he is now working. the kid is brilliant. but it delayed the formation of a company based on the technology until we could bring in new founders the did not have immigration issues and we wasted about a year. in the wireless space, a year is a lot. there was economic growth that did not happen.

and this is creating value as an apple employee, but he would treated more as the founder of a company that could hire people in the next year or so. john door for is one of the most successful venture capitalists in the silicon valley. these students will create value. they will create jobs. they will pay taxes. why would we not want them to stay here? they will get married. there will raise kids. they will buy a house. they will buy two 0.3 cars. there is huge amounts of economic benefits to this. but as we heard this morning, the challenge is that they're taking jobs away from real americans. the mayor already addressed

this. that is just not true. entrepreneurs do not take jobs. they make jobs. and we need to give them a chance to make jobs. first for themselves and their co-founders and for hundreds and even thousands of employees. but this is not a zero-sum game. if these immigrants or one of the immigrants are not allowed to create jobs, those jobs and not magically go to american- born natives. those jobs simply do not exist. they exist somewhere else on the planet, but not here. and the mayor touched on the agriculture issues. these are not jobs growing crops or flipping burgers pared their high-paying jobs that your kids would like to have some day. there are two million jobs, internet jobs in the united states.

20 years ago, none of them existed. much of the companies did not exist 20 years ago. subtract all of those companies that had foreign-born founders and take half of those two million jobs away. that is like the manhattan project without the jewish scientists. it is not pretty. silicon valley gets the press, but it is deeper and broader than that. it is not just who will and it is not just intel. pfizer, dupont, u.s. steel, proctor and gamble -- back when they were founded, there were founded by immigrants. those are a lot of jobs coming from immigration. to start off with alejandra, i will start with to the cliche -- we are a country of immigrants. we encourage immigrants to come to the world's best graduate schools. other countries are trying to catch up, but it turns out that it is hard to create a network

of post -- schools and we started out way ahead. we have a history of risk taking. we have a history of capital for would be. we have a culture that kaulitz failure more than anywhere else in the world. it made the u.s. -- culture that accepts failure more than anywhere else in the world. it made the u.s. the best in the world. our cultural history has given us an edge, even with the global the economic troubles. i think we're still the entrepreneurialism a cup of the world. we have to make sure -- the entrepreneurial mecca of the world. we have to make sure that they have that opportunity, whether they were born here or not. this is like saying that my baseball team has enough talent to and i do not need any more talented players. but the other teams get talented players, too. that is not tell the yankees play the game and that is not

with the united states should play the game either. i look forward to the rest of the panel. >> thank you. that was great. >> first of all, i want to thank everybody for listening to what i have to say. i am not an expert in economics or immigration. as i said over the phone, i am a simple brain surgeon and scientists working at the number one hospital the united states, johns hopkins, the no. 1 department in the united states, neera surgery -- neurosurgery for little kids. i was told that education was the best provision for old age. as i listen to the speakers, i have to think about the way to solve this problem. it is probably no different way than solving the problem of

brain cancer. it will not be one solution. it will probably be multi- factorial. there are several issues. number one, there is the issue of education. we have millions people in our education system that are not being properly prepared so that they can face the challenges of higher education and the numbers have been going back and forth. if you look at johns hopkins, of but the numbers that reflect -- the numbers reflect those of georgia tech did the numbers are stunning in the sense that we have great people coming from all over the world to take advantage of the best education in the world. but in our own backyard and i can tell you myself, living in baltimore, in our own backyard, we're failing to educate our natives.

i can tell you about my story. i will illustrate with my laboratory. i will sit with my operating room some of the numbers you see here. i came to this country as an immigrant when those 19 years old in the late 1980's. i have to say that, if i ran out of work as a brain surgeon, i am probably the only bring surgeon who is also certified as a welder in california. [laughter] i could get a job as a welder. i am probably the only brain surgeon who can say that i was also a certified as an official farmworker in the state of california when i was working there from 1986 to 1988. so i do not see a lot of people running their to get those jobs. so i have job security for right now. i will not be able to compete with many of these other jobs that people have mentioned. but at least those are two.

i i was given an opportunity through the legislation to immigration reform of the late 1980's. by 1991, i was a permanent resident. that is when i started at uc berkeley, taking advantage of one of these places that was mentioned earlier. by 1994, i became a student at harvard medical school. before i graduated, i became a u.s. citizen. i went back to san francisco to take advantage of one of the best places to train as a brain surgeon, add uc san francisco. for anybody who understands language, you will understand that i was beginning to understand. my process was moving forward very fast. i came to hopkins six years ago. i mentioned the other day that, within six years, i was promoted to being nominated to full professor. in my department, it takes an

average of 18 years. i took advantage of the inortunities that were put front of me. people say it was it a chance? was it good looks? i am reminded of what a very humble scientists said in 1906 who won the nobel prize in medicine. he told us how the brain was organized. thank you to his contributions, we can now do brain surgery. he said that chance and good luck do not come to those who wanted. it comes to those who look for it. many immigrants are looking for those opportunities coming to the united states. i echo a lot of the comments that have been said before. let me tell you about my laboratory. i lead an effort in my lab to find a cure for brain cancer. i have a group of 23 scientists.

i can count with both of my hands the number of brain surgeons that have federal funding, the most distinguished funding to do research on any type of brain-related work. i am one of them. i lead this multimillion-dollar effort. as i look to my scientists, 23 of them, only two of them are from the united states. the other ones are either immigrants, first generation, or people who are coming to my laboratory to try to help. an article was published a couple of weeks ago that give me a lot of heat. the requested 10 scientists and nobody wants to look like the bad guy. after 10 scientists declined, they came to me. i said, sure, i would be delighted to tell you the truth. availability, affability, ability, and accountability -- i

got a lot of heat when the article was published because my scientists work seven days a week, 24 hours a day. we are losing in our country the fundamental things that made this country the most beautiful country in the world. that is too simple words. hard work. no one wants to hear that. i am here to tell you -- i look like the bad guy. sure enough, a lot of heat has been going back and forth and i had to meet with the dean at one point. my operating room, all right? an s and -- an anesthesiologist, 60% of foreign graduates. the others are first or second generation graduation-- from thd states. the people who help me monitor the brain as i am taking out complex brain tumors from the part of the brain where, if i may go an extra mm, that person will wake of mute or not able to

move his arm or leg. half of them are foreign graduates. nurses, 50/50. my residence, 23 residents that are in the no. 1 program in neuro surgery, 60% are for an aunt 40% are u.s.-born. that tells you what we're going through. -- 60% are foreign and 40% are u.s.-born. that tells you what we're going through. those are my remarks. thank you. [applause] >> thank you. do you want to wrap up the macro looked? >> who do not know what there is left for me to talk about. as an economist, i thought i should go over a couple of

things. let me talk generally about immigration and economic growth could then let me talk about the difference between low-skilled and high skilled immigration and competitiveness. then i will talk about policy and reform at the end pin in terms of economic growth, immigration is an extremely important component. they make up about half of the labor force over the last decade. the numbers for stem occupations are much higher in terms of the contributions of immigrants. when you introduce emigrants into the labor force, you get specialization. it increases efficiency. it is efficiency that leads to higher productivity. hire a tip -- higher productivity is what makes us

competitive. the other really important factor about the immigrant labor force is that it is more mobile geographically than the native labor force. that has an economic payout could immigrants tend to flow to growing areas more readily than native workers tur. we saw that, if you want to give a lower-skilled immigration example, in louisiana, in the wake of hurricane katrina, a tremendous influx of hispanic workers to the gulf area to restore and rebuild. or to give high-skilled immigration examples, in dallas and other inter-city school districts, we have an influx of teachers teaching math and science.

also, the doctors, for example, medical doctors who served in rural areas and inner cities as well, in fact, my mother who came from sweden in the late 1970's, she is a surgeon could she went to work in gary, indiana. there were not many american educated doctors who were where it -- who were willing to work in gary, indiana in the late 1970's. the economy was collapsing and it was a very poor and crime- ridden area. employer contributions, then and now, they are disproportionate for foreign doctors. u.s.-born doctors will not go there. different studies -- let me

remarks briefly on immigration and economic growth. when it comes to high skilled immigration, there really is consensus among labor economists on the benefits of high skilled immigration could there probably is not with regard -- skilled immigration. there probably is not with regard to lower skilled immigration. in terms of fiscal effect coming terms of high skills contributed vs. what they use in public services, they actually pay off over their lifetime over $100,000 in net benefits to u.s. taxpayers in terms of what they contribute more vs. what they use up in services. on competitiveness, we first

mentioned higher productivity. but there is another aspect, which is even more compelling. it is not just a one time change in productivity. but they contribute to productivity growth. if you can contribute to productivity growth, you can set the national economy on a higher growth path. that is not a one time change, but a continuous increase in output that is sustained over time. that is really because high skilled immigrants contribute to innovation, mostly being stem immigrants. when they patent, the patent at twice the rate of native one- time scientists. they are not substituting for native one-time native scientists innovation. that is another important result. i entrepreneurship is another

area. it leads to higher innovation. another benefit that can spillover to higher productivity growth. there are other a fax. there is less research done so far, but it looks promising. there is research that suggests that more high school the immigration attracts physical capital as well, investments. it seems reasonable in this room. but documenting it as good research is harder. but there is a correlation between capital flow and investment and immigration. and there is to research that suggests that more high school the immigration can flow out sourcing. in terms of policy, it is surprising. mayor bloomberg says it is crazy. it is crazy.

the benefits of high skilled immigration is so well documented that it is surprising when you look at immigration policy and say that we have fallen short at taking advantage of something that looks like a free lunch. economists say that there is no such thing as free lunch, but this comes pretty close. i was talking about my book a while ago at an event at the urban institute. how do you set up quotas and high skill arrogance? what is the best way and how big should they be? and a person from the australian embassy said why would you have any quotas on high skilled immigration at all? if all of these benefits are true, why would you limit them? i am so used to thinking in u.s. immigration policy and quotas that i had not considered the fact that you would not have a limit. i thought about that a little bit.

the one where i draw the line is that there has to be demand. as it is, we know it is difficult to bring in foreign workers. it is expensive for companies to bring them in. there's preference for native- born workers. i think we have a built-in priority for native-born workers as it is paired and the second condition should be to maintain that -- as it is. and the second condition should be to maintain those conditions. like a stable policy that is even worth mentioning, having a job being a basic requirement or even a plan, starting a business. i think there bloomberg and others have mentioned -- i think mayor bloomberg and others have mentioned the 7% that i have been talking about.

this compared to other o.c. the countries, nocd one else puts that kind of barrier to immigration. we fill the gap with temporary visas. we have been talking about them today. they have plug the gap. but at the end of the day, you end up with a dysfunctional ring card program where lawmakers have passed legislation allowing more temporary visas than green cards to allow those people to stay. the employer wants them to stay as well. queues.e a growing cue they can extend 10 years plus. people from china and india, even mexicans and latinos. there is 1.1 million approved and waiting in the employment- based queue.

considering all of the contributions you can make to the economy and the competitiveness. in terms of reform, along the lines of american lumber, you have a policy that needs to put a priority on skill-based immigration instead of a permanent visas. grow with the economy rather than be fixed over time which does not make a lot of sense. they are allocated in a strange well -- way as well. first,, first serve -- first come, first-served leads to long queues. the concludes my remarks. >> just a couple of -- i just want to get it on the table.

i still hear a lot on the hill that -- sometimes company's port arthur and bridging immigrants from overseas. they are not working the domestic labor market. they are not searching it carefully enough to fight the people they need. -- find the people they need. i would like to ask you what you do. why would you go overseas if you could find somebody here? sometimes i sit here that these positions in these colleges are being set aside for immigrants because they can pay full tuition. it is a cash cow for universities. elizabeth, d wants to -- >> first of all, we do well of our recruitment. every job is posted online.

we go through a whole system that trickles into our system. all of our jobs are posted on time. there are tons of engineering jobs. when our talent acquisition team actually does the resonates -- gets the resumes, when they actually start searching for the candidates, it is unbelievable how many of them qualify for the job and are foreign nationals. the first thing they do is call me. what to using about this? sometimes i'm telling them to turn down the top foreign talent because they have already used up four or five years in that status. we would immediately have to

jump into sponsoring them for a green card. in some cases i am not telling the hiring managers, do not hire that person. all the jobs are posted up there. everybody has an equal opportunity to apply for a job. we are not going out and recruiting. we would not recruit for a new job somebody who is living in china and would go to the expense of bringing them in. most of the foreign nationals we are recruiting are being educated here in the united states. we have an active leadership development program that every year goes out and hires people, recent graduates from u.s. universities. most of the applicants -- some to come from canada.

it is pretty easy for them. we do not necessarily offer international relocation. to lee -- relocate somebody from another country is anywhere from a $30,000 to bring somebody in. not to mention the cost of going through the petition. just to the application fee is $2,000. if you want premium processing, at another $1,200 to that. both of us to do immigration in house. i'm not an attorney. i started out as a human- resources professional. when it comes to doing the labor certification and an -- we use outside counsel.

i can tell you my legal bills are tremendous. i get a lot of pressure -- why are we spending so much money? you try to explain that it is more and more difficult, particularly in an economy with high unemployment. when you're going to a labor certification and you are testing the u.s. labor market and against a specific skill sets, we do not find u.s. workers with the appropriate skill set. remember, when you are doing a petition, you were looking at the minimum requirements for the position. it is kind of a reverse of how everybody hires. when you were trying to hire the

best person for the job when you're testing the labour market to sponsor somebody, the mandatory retirement is against the minimum qualifications to do the job. that is not the best and brightest. even in those situations we are usually successful in disqualifying candidates who do not meet the still set to sponsor the foreign worker. the first person we are looking for, if we can get an american who can do the job, that is who we will hire. it is cheaper. >> as i think i mentioned, microsoft looks to hire and retain the best and brightest talent from wherever they come in the world. refocus our recruitment efforts in individuals who are in the workforce and university hires.

our primary for -- focus is at u.s. universities. they are the best in the world. we are looking for graduates from those universities. there is a shortage. there is a shortage of individuals coming out of those universities with a stem degrees. there is a shortage of u.s. citizens coming out of those universities with them. we cannot compromise. we are not going to not attempt to hire the best and brightest. we are in a competitive market. we are competing with other u.s.-based companies. and we are competing with companies outside of the u.s. we want the innovation to take place here. we would like it to be at microsoft. if not, at least in the u.s.

we do spend all lot of time and energy in terms of our recruitments looking for the best and the price -- brightest of -- regardless of nationality. we will continue to put effort into building a pipeline of students coming out of u.s. universities with stan degrees. we have a robust in turn -- intern program. we of students who worked in the summer with teams on our campus -- campus hoping to spur their interesting get them excited about working in the high-tech field so they will remain in the u.s. and go to universities and attain those degrees and come back to work with us later on once they have graduated. there are high school students,

we have a robust university program. many of the u.s. students to come through our program that do come and work on our campus at microsoft. we focus on u.s. universities. we are looking to hire the best and brightest. it is not easy to bring in foreign talent or to go through the process. we hope they can focus on their jobs and their lives and we focus on bringing our talent in as quickly as possible and getting them up to speed and helping them with their immigration process. we struggle with the cap. it is not as bad as it was a few years ago. that being said, that a man to that of from january until

october, we're not able to bring in any foreign national hires on the program. it does not mean we can stop hiring the best and brightest. we there have to delay their on boarding or higher than elsewhere. if we want to be competitive, into what that great technology to develop here and the economy the comes along with it, we need to work on the system. >> an innovative product, as i say we are basically a manufacturing company. over the last several years under our ceo, we have become a service business. a lot of the technical products that are manufactured and produced at our plants in the

united states increases jobs for manufacturing. it also serves a whole industry. we do not just service our own products. our industrial technologies group -- we have a whole service industry matter at a lower level but they have jobs as well. the company is growing. it is not limited just to our products but also to other people, other competitors. >> i am sitting here doing that. that pulled up our website to attack current enrollments. the question was about we're just carving out seeds for overseas students because they pay more. they do.

we are a state school. we are less and less state supported as time goes by. we charge of georgia students one-third of the tuition that we charge students from elsewhere. we make no distinction between what we charge from the other states in the united states and the rest of the world. it is still the same rate whether you are from alabama or albania. we will chars the same amount. we are looking at nine applications for every slot we have. i pulled up the numbers. overall, we get 54% of graduate. 54% of our students are from georgia. they have to prove a history. 27% from other states and 18% foreign.

guaranteed if something stupid happens and you get no more student visas, we would manage the same ratios. 54% within the state of georgia, we would have the exact same a dollar figure in tuition. we would get no economic benefit. we would wind up with lower quality student body. there's no financial incentive to us. >> let me throw it up and -- to the audience. i have done this for a while. i thought this was a good panel. i was doing a little math on the country, yes ma'am. >> i am a reporter from reuters. i would like to ask elizabeth a

question. i would like to know what you would like to see from congress. do you want to see a piecemeal legislation or would you like to see a much larger comprehensive legislation? >> i will go first. as chairman of the subcommittee our goal has always been a comprehensive immigration reform. that being said, we of seen a tough road. we have backed comprehensive immigration reform. i was very involved in the kennedy-mccain bill in 1996. trust me, i have been fighting the fight for a long time. uic that happening in congress? i do not think so. judging from the type of highly skilled workers we need and the

fact that these people will be such a contribution to our economy, if we end up with some of piecemeal measures, we would support them. >> i would agree with that. we support comprehensive immigration reform. in the meantime we would support a peaceful legislation. we focus on and trying to work toward administrative reform. we want to look at areas where we can work with the government to make some slight changes that will have a larger impact on the folks who are waiting for their green cards. >> the chamber was a very involved in getting the stem. that was done through regulations with the agency. in a couple years when we're

hitting the cap on the very first day, the stem extension was critical. there may be other things like that we cannot act. if your suggestions, we are always looking for them. >> we do a lot of work on immigration. he noticed with the absence of comprehensive reform, a lot of states have taken their own initiatives. have you seen or do you expect to see certain stakes to become more economically competitive? do you think that could push a case for reform on the federal level? >> arizona hurt their economy when they did some of their draconian measures. the individual states acting in loops -- in liueu of the federal

government is a troubling, especially for companies like mind who have operations in every state. it is a complex set of rules. these states are starting to do this. we are a federal contractor. we are enrolled in e-verify. i think utah has come up with a strange plan to do their own immigration system. immigration is a federal issue. i do not think it belongs at a state level. whether each individual state is being hurt economically, and do not know. arizona was the biggest.

i think it hurt them economically. >> i see a lot of states going that way even though we have this fuzzy law in the supreme court. >> i think we have time for one more. if not, that is fine. i think this has been a great panel. i have the commitment from our partners on this. this will not be an agent -- and we are going to follow up with this on a report. we will take advantage from all of the information we have gathered today. i think that will help us in our challenges ahead in the senate and house. i want to thank our panelists. [applause] the panels tosk

stay here for one minute. let me make some closing remarks. i am the executive vice president of the u.s. foreign for policy innovation. we'll receive the -- i wanted to thank the director for his great remarks this morning and for his tremendous flexibility. a special thanks to mayor bloomberg. i appreciate the comments about the yankees. i want to thank the panel. we really got some great insight. we often talk about the fact that we talk theory and theory is easy and cheap. this is practice. this is where the rubber meets the road. we talked earlier that we are about engaging in dialogue on

issues. he might not think of immigration as an emerging issue. we cannot seem to get there and figure it out. i am a cuban refugee myself. i have a lot of feelings and personal convictions about this. i appreciate it. my father would often say the, as he can to this country, people would say, you have been fortunate. i said yes, the harder i work, the luckier i get. hard work is something that immigrants bring to this country. and all other successful people in this country. i wanted to thank everyone. especially the partnership for the new american economy for the role they played in making this happen. in founding the partnership,

which brought together -- prostie other mayors to make a case for a streamlining and modernizing and rationalizing the immigration system. what a novel idea. i also want to thank my colleague randy johnson. it is a team. in listening to the remarks, i wanted to make two points i think are important. we are in a global market. this is not about a closed circuit. it is important. the second part, which is a question, we do not need to fix it all. it would be ideal to get comprehensive immigration. to do nothing is not acceptable. we are falling behind economically. it is affecting the business we do. as we look ahead, which planned to write some things.

i thought i would end on a light and out. i have to thank for being reminded of a joke. a very famous brain surgeon heard some water running in the bathroom. the toilet was overflowing. he could not stop the water. so he called a plumber. he fixed the water and it's 15 minutes was out the door and handed him in $950 bill. the doctor said, i am one of them a leading surgeons in baltimore. i do nats make $950 for 15 minutes of work. >> he said yes, i used to be a brain surgeon. but this job is better. >> there are all sort of jobs available.

with that, we will end. thank you for your patience. thanks again to our panel. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

>> in a few moments a look at the state of european union. in about 40 minutes social media is affecting news coverage.

>> this is a dangerous time for britain and a dangerous time for british economy. the government austerity plan is failing. you can sense the fear people have as we watch the economic crisis that stalked our country in 2008 threaten to return spent with the british house of commons to in recess, annual party comforters are continuing in the u.k. watch labor party leader ed miliband keynote from the lady -- labour party meeting on

sunday. >> on october 3 the supreme court will start hearing oral arguments on whether states can be sued for failing to pay the required rate set by the medicaid act. this saturday or a similar case from 1990 arguing that states can be sued by private parties to the force medicaid compliance. arguing fortunate states supporting virginia governor wilder, future chief justice john roberts. >> it may be helpful at this point return to the language of the statue. that language specifies that a state medicaid plan must provide for the payment of rate which the state finds and makes assurances satisfactory to the secretary. >> listen to c-span radio. >> the president of european union on the state of the e.u. jose manuel barroso focus on the

eurozone financial situation during this 40 minute speech at the european parliament in france. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [speaking i[speaking in french] >> translator: the session is open. [speaking in french] >> translator: today, we have a very important debate, a statement by the president of the commission on the state of

the union. following yesterday's very important debate with the your group president, prime minister jean-claude jahnke. this debate is supposed to give us an opportunity to find answers to the most serious questions that we face at the present time. this house regards the debate as very serious. >> vice president, mr. president, commissioners, full college of commissioners, and representatives of the presidency, ministers also with us. >> dear colleagues, we start our point and i would like to ask to

take the floor. mr. president, jose manuel barroso. [speaking in french] >> translator: mr. president, ladies and gentlemen, ministers, i think we've got to be honest and clear in carrying out our analysis of the state of the union. today, we are facing the biggest challenges this union has ever had to face throughout its history. with the financial crisis and economic and social crisis, but also a crisis of confidence. i confidence in leaders and leadership in europe itself, in our ability to find solutions.

now, the causes of the crisis are well known. europe didn't respond to the challenges of competitiveness. some of our member states lived beyond their means. in the financial markets and there have been unacceptable and irresponsible actions, types of behavior. in increasing and balances grow between member states, between leaders in the eurozone. and the crisis of globalization and the degree of cynicism which has contributed to exacerbating the situation. so, our societies are extremely worried. a lot of our citizens are afraid of the future. and more than ever, there is a danger of nationalism, of member states turning their backs and

looking inwards. populist reactions and responses call into question is to major successes of the european union, the euro, the single market, indeed even the free circulati circulation. i think that the sovereign debt crisis is first and foremost a crisis in confidence, in politics. our citizens on the outside world are looking to us and are wondering whether we have the will to continue propping up the single currency. they are wondering whether they are willing to carry out the necessary reforms. they are wondering whether the more prosperous countries are willing to show solidarity. is a europe genuinely able to

generate jobs and generate growth? and i say to you today yes, the situation is serious, but we do have solutions to these problems. if we reestablish confidence and trust. and to do that we need stability and growth, but also political will and political leadership. and i think we have to work together to come forward with ideas for a european renewal. in the berlin declaration signed by parliament, by the cabinet, and by all institutions on the 50th anniversary of the treaty of rome, we said today we live with each other in a way that was not possible in the past. we are citizens of the european

union. we are to our great fortune united. today, we are living united in a way that was impossible in the past. we have to deliver on that. this is a dialect ration. we've got to translate this into day-to-day actions. we have to work with our institutions, not against them. and i think that way we can meet with success. now, some people believe that stability should, other state it is growth that should take precedence. i say we need both. some preach discipline. other solidarity. well, we need both. we can't come up with partial or a tilt solutions. we need an overall solution, and we need to show more ambition.

i think we are at a crucial moment in history, because if we do not move forward with more unification we will suffer more fragmentation. i think this is going to be a baptism for our whole generation. and i say yes, we can get out of the crisis, not only can we, we must and that's what political leadership is all about. making what is necessary possible. >> audible members, let me start with greece. greece is, and will remain, a member of the euro area. [applause] greece must implement its commitments in full and on time. in turn, the other euro area members have pledged to support greece and each other.

as stated at the euro area summit on 21 july, we are determined to continue to provide support to countries under programs until they have regained market access, provided they successfully implement those programs. that is why i created the task force for greece. we have just launched an action plan based on two major pillars, around 100 viable and high-quality projects, investing in all greek regions, to make the best use of greece's remaining allocation of the structural funds. and a major drive to reduce bureaucratic procedures for european co-funded projects. 15 billion remain to be spent in greece from the structural funds. this will support the greek economy with an urgent program of technical assistance to the greek administration. a program of 500 million euros to guarantee european investment bank loans to greek smes is

already under way. the commission is also considering a wider guarantee mechanism to help banks lend again to the real economy. all of this represents a huge support to greece's fight back and greece will have to deliver concrete results. it must break with counter productive practices and resist vested interests. but we have to be clear about this. this is not a sprint, but a marathon. the task of building a union of stability and responsibility is not only about greece. the economic outlook that we face is very difficult. we are confronted with the negative effects of an ongoing global re-assessment of risks. it is therefore our responsibility to rebuild confidence and trust in the euro and our union as a whole. and we can do this by showing that we are able to take all the decisions needed to run a common currency and an integrated economy in a competitive, inclusive and resource-efficient

way. for this we need to act in the short, in the medium and the long term. the first step is to quickly fix the way we respond to the sovereign debt crisis. this will require stronger mechanisms for crisis resolution. we need credible firepower and effective firewalls for the euro. we have to build on the efsf and the upcoming european stability mechanism. the efsf must immediately be made both stronger and more flexible. this is what the commission proposed already in january. this is what heads of state and government of the euro area agreed upon on 21 july. only then, when you ratify this, will the efsf be able to deploy precautionary intervention, intervene to support the recapitalization of banks, intervene in the secondary markets to help avoid contagion

once the efsf is ratified, we should make the most efficient use of its financial envelope. the commission is working on options to this end. moreover we should do everything possible to accelerate the entry into force of the esm. and naturally we trust that the european central bank, in full respect of the treaty, will do whatever is necessary to ensure the integrity of the euro area and to ensure its financial stability. but we cannot stop there. we must deepen economic coordination and integration, particularly in the euro area. this is at least as big a political task as an economic one. today, you will vote on the so-called six-pack proposals that we put in front of you and the council one year ago. this six-pack reforms the stability and growth pact and widens surveillance to macro-economic imbalances.

we are now back very close to what the commission originally put on the table. you have played a decisive role in keeping the level of ambition of these proposals, and i really want to thank you and congratulate you for that. this legislation will give us much stronger enforcement mechanisms. we can now discuss member states' budgetary plans before national decisions are taken. this mix of discipline and integration holds the key to the future of the euro area. only with more integration and discipline we can have a really credible euro area. honorable members, these are indeed important steps forward, but we must go further. we need to complete our monetary union with an economic union. we need to achieve the tasks of maastricht. it was an illusion to think that we could have a common currency and a single market with

national approaches to economic and budgetary policy. let's avoid another illusion that we can have a common currency and a single market with an intergovernmental approach. [applause] for the euro area to be credible and this not only the message of the federalists, this is the message of the markets, we need a truly community approach. we need to really integrate the euro area, we need to complete the monetary union with real economic union. and this truly community approach can be built how? in the coming weeks, the commission will build on the six-pack and present a proposal for a single, coherent framework to deepen economic coordination and integration, particularly in the euro area. this will be done in a way that

ensures the compatibility between the euro area and the union as a whole. we do not want the euro area to break of course the great acquis of the single market and all our four freedoms. at the same time, we can pool decision making to enhance our competitiveness. this could be done by integrating the euro plus pact into this framework, in full respect of the national implementation competences. for all of this to work, we need more than ever the independent authority of the commission, to propose and assess the actions that the member states should take. governments, let's be frank, cannot do this by themselves. nor can this be done by negotiations between governments. indeed, within the community competences, the commission is the economic government of the union, we certainly do not need more institutions for this.

[applause] for a reason the treaties have created supra-national institutions. for a reason the european commission, the european central bank, the european court of justice were created. the commission is the guarantor of fairness. moreover, the commission, which naturally works in partnership with the member states, is voted by and accountable to this house. the directly elected parliament both of the euro area and of the european union as a whole. [applause] honorable members, it is also time to have unified external representation of the euro area.

in accordance with the treaty the commission will make proposals for this purpose. a union of stability and responsibility built on this basis and with common approach will also allow the member states to seize fully the advantages of a bigger market for the issuance of sovereign debt. once the euro area is fully equipped with the instruments necessary to ensure both integration and discipline, the issuance of joint debt will be seen as a natural and advantageous step for all. on condition that such eurobonds will be stability bonds, bonds that are designed in a way that rewards those who play by the rules, and deters those who don't. as i already announced to this house, the commission will present options for such stability bonds in the coming weeks. some of these options can be implemented within the current treaty, whereas fully fledged eurobonds would require treaty change. and this is important because,

honorable members, we can do a lot within the existing treaty of lisbon. and there is no excuse for not doing it, and for not doing it now. but it may be necessary to consider further changes to the treaty. i am also thinking particularly of the constraint of unanimity. the pace of our joint endeavour cannot be dictated by the slowest. and today we have a union where it is the slowest member that dictates the speed of all the other member states. this is not credible also from the markets' point of view, this is why we need to solve this problem of decision making. a member state has of course the right not to accept decisions. that is a question, as they say, of national sovereignty. but a member state does not have the right to block the moves of others, the others also have their national sovereignty and if they want to go further, they should go further.

[applause] our willingness to envisage treaty change should not be a way or an excuse to delay the reforms that are necessary today but i believe that this longer term perspective will reinforce the credibility of our decisions now. a union of stability and responsibility means swiftly completing the work on a new system of regulation for the financial sector. we need well-capitalized, responsible banks lending to the real economy. much has been said about the alleged vulnerability of some of our banks. european banks have substantially strengthened their capital positions over the past year. they are now raising capital to fill the remaining gaps identified by the stress tests in summer. this is necessary to limit the damage to financial market turbulence on the real economy

and on jobs. over the last three years, we have designed a new system of financial regulation. let's remember, we have already tabled 29 pieces of legislation. you have already adopted several of them, including the creation of independent supervising authorities, which are already working. now it is important to approve our proposals for new rules on derivatives, naked short selling and credit default swaps, fair remuneration for bankers. these propositions are there, they should be adopted by the council and by the parliament. the commission will deliver the remaining proposals by the end of this year, namely rules on credit rating agencies, bank resolution, personal responsibility of financial operatives. so we will be the first constituency in the g20 to have delivered on our commitment to

global efforts for financial regulation. honorable members, in the last three years, member states, i should say taxpayers, have granted aid and provided guarantees of 4.6 trillion to the financial sector. it is time for the financial sector to make a contribution back to society. [applause] that is why i am very proud to say that today, the commission adopted a proposal for the financial transaction tax. today i am putting before you a very important text that if implemented may generate a

revenue of above 55 billion per year. some people will ask why? why? it is a question of fairness. if our farmers, if our workers, if all the sectors of the economy from industry to agriculture to services, if they all pay a contribution to the society also the banking sector should make a contribution to the society. [applause] and if we need, because we need fiscal consolidation, if we need more revenues the question is where these revenues are coming from. are we going to tax labor more? are we going to tax consumption more? i think it is fair to tax financial activities that in some of our member states do not pay the proportionate

contribution to the society. it is not only financial institutions who should pay a fair share. we cannot afford to turn a blind eye to tax evasion. so it is time to adopt our proposals on savings tax within the european union. and i call on the member states to finally give the commission the mandate we have asked for to negotiate tax agreements for the whole european union with third countries. honorable members, stability and responsibility are not enough on their own. we need stability but we also need growth. we need responsibility but we also need solidarity. the economy can only remain strong if it delivers growth and jobs. that's why we must unleash the energy of our economy, especially the real economy. the forecasts today point to a strong slowdown. but significant growth in europe

is not an impossible dream. it will not come magically but we can create the conditions for growth to resume. we have done it before. we must and we can do it again. it is true that we do not have much room for a new fiscal stimulus. but that does not mean that we cannot do more to promote growth. first, those who have fiscal space available must explore it but in a sustainable way. second, all member states need to promote structural reforms so that we can increase our competitiveness in the world and promote growth. together, we can and must tap the potential of the single market, exploit all the benefits of trade and mobilize investment at the union level. let me start with the single market. full implementation of the services directive alone could, according to our estimates, deliver up to 140 billion in economic gains.

but today, two years after the deadline for implementation, several member states have still not adopted the necessary laws. so we are not benefiting from all the possible gains from having a true services liberalization in europe. but we can also do more. we must adopt what is on the table. we have adopted the single market act in the european commission. a number of key initiatives are ready. we are close to having a european patent which would cut the cost of protection to 20% of current costs. i expect this is to be concluded by the end of this year. moreover, for the single market act, we should consider a fast track legislative procedure. by the way, in many areas we should take a fast track legislative procedure because we are living in real emergency times. this will allow us to respond to these extraordinary circumstances. and growth in the future will depend more and more on harnessing information technology. we need a digital single market, which will benefit each and

every european by around 1500 per year, by using the possibilities of e-commerce to ending, for instance, mobile roaming charges. an extra 10% in broadband penetration would bring us between 1 and 1.5% of extra annual growth. in a competitive world we must be also well-educated with skills to face these new challenges. we must innovate. and we must act in a sustainable way. we have already presented detailed proposals on innovation, resource-efficiency and how we can strengthen our industrial base. modern industrial policy is about investing in research and innovation. we need to accelerate the adoption of our efforts to boost the use of venture capital to fund young, innovative companies across europe. sustainable jobs will come if we focus on innovation and new technologies, including green technologies. we must see that green and growth go together.

for example, the renewables sector has already created 300,000 jobs in past 5 years in the european union. the global green technology market will triple over the next decade. we must focus our action on where it makes a real impact. growth of the future means we must actively pursue also our smart regulation agenda, which will give a saving of 38 billion for european companies, particularly for smes. but member states must also do their part in reducing the administrative burden. but we also need investment. these reforms are important but we also need some kind of investment at european level. a union of growth and solidarity needs modern, interconnected infrastructures. we have proposed for the next multi-annual financial framework to create a facility to connect europe, in energy, in transport, in digital. this innovative part of our mff proposal has to be seen together with another very important

innovative idea: the project bond. in the coming weeks the commission will publish its proposals for eu project bonds. we are also proposing pilot projects, so that we can fund that growth. we can do it even before the mff is adopted. in this way we can frontload some of the major infrastructure investments europe needs. the union and its member states should urgently consider how to allow our own policy-driven bank, the european investment bank to do more, and possibly much more, to finance long-term investment. to do so, we need to explore ways to reinforce the eib's resources and capital base so that it can lend to the real economy. in the year 2000, there was 22 billion of venture capital in europe. in 2010 there was only 3 billion. if we want to promote entrepreneurship we must reverse this decline and we need that support namely for smes.

we can also get more growth out of the structural funds, by increasing absorption capacity, using the structural funds to support macroeconomic performance. they are essential for innovation, for training and employment, and for smes. i would also like to urge this house to adopt by the end of the year the proposals we made in august to increase cofinancing rates to those countries with assistance programs. this will inject essential funding into these economies, while reducing pressure on national budgets. honorable members, reforms to our labor markets, public finances and pension systems require a major effort from all parts of society. we all know these changes are necessary, so that we can reform our social market economy and keep our social model. but it is imperative that we hold on to our values, values of

fairness, of inclusiveness and of solidarity. right now we need to give concrete hope to the 1 in 5 of our young people who cannot find work. in some countries, the situation of our young people is simply dramatic. i want to call on companies to make a special effort to provide internships and apprenticeships for young people. these can be supported by the european social fund. by getting businesses, the social partners, national authorities and the union level working in a young opportunities initiative, we can make a difference. this i believe is the most urgent social matter to respond to the anxiety of our young people that cannot find a job and it is much better to have an apprenticeship, a traineeship, than to be with that anxiety in the streets expressing that lack of confidence in the union as a

whole. [applause] we must accelerate the most urgent parts of our growth and jobs plan, europe 2020. the commission will focus on the situation of young people in each and every member state in its country-specific recommendations for next year. i believe we must give our future a real chance. right now we also need to act to help the 80 million europeans at risk of poverty. this means that the council must finally approve our proposal to safeguard the program for the supply of food for the most deprived persons. [applause] i would like to thank this parliament for the political support it has given to our proposed solution. honorable members, fifty years ago, 12 countries in europe came together to sign the

social charter. it was exactly in october 50 years ago. today, that charter has 47 signatories, including all our member states. to guarantee these fundamental values in europe, i believe we need to boost the quality of social dialogue at european level. the renewal of europe can only succeed with the input and the ownership of all the social partners, of trade unions, of workers, of businesses, civil society in general. we should remember that our europe is a europe of citizens. as citizens, we all gain through europe. we gain a european identity and citizenship apart from our national citizenship. european citizenship adds a set of rights and opportunities. the opportunity to freely cross borders, to study and work abroad. here again, we must all stand up and preserve and develop these rights and opportunities.

just as the commission is doing now with our proposals on schengen. we will not tolerate a rolling back of our citizens' rights. we will defend the freedom of circulation and all the freedoms in our union. [applause] [speaking in french] >> translator: the european commission covers a broad range of other fields. i'm not going to list them here, but they are mentioned in the letter i have address to the president of parliament which all will never see. before i conclude, let me talk about the european union's external responsibility. i want an open europe, a europe that is committed to the outside world. that engages with it. now, europe's and fought with the rest of the world is the best way to defend our values

and our interests. it is also essential. it is something much-needed. today, people like talking about the g2. i don't think anyone in the world really wants a g2. indeed, even the two countries in question don't want that. we will recall the tensions of a bipolar worker in the cold war. so we need europe in the world if you want a fair, open world. the world is currently changing, and so it needs a europe that is able to shoulder its responsibilities, a europe of 27, a europe of 28 when croatia joined. a europe which continues to point the way forward on trade or climate change. we have europe plus 20. let's turn our gaze to our neighbors in the south. we are seeing a sea change their

that it's going to have a very substantial impact, not just on these peoples but also your. that's why europe should be proud. we were the first to stand side-by-side with the tunisians and egyptians and others who wanted freedom. that's why we support their aspirations, particularly to our partnerships for democracy and prosperity. the arab spring, i hope, will be an open door to peace for the whole region. based on a single palestinian state that lives in peace with the state of israel, which, of course, is what europe wants. [applause] but let's cast our gaze towards our neighbors to the east. on friday i shall be going also to be involved in eastern partnership summit. i will express and ambition for

close ties and closer economic integration between ourselves and our partners in that region. the european union has the power to transform the region. it's an inspiration to other countries. and if these countries wish to head down the path of reform, we can help them out and build closer political ties and integrate with them economic also. and above all, we've got to deliver on our commitments and achieve the millennium development goal. let's also be realistic. we -- if you're is to exercise all of its influence we need to strengthen the common foreign and security policy. it's got to be a credible policy, based on security and defense. that is if we really want to punch our weight in the world. it's a long time since people

could say that, well, european defense might harm the nato alliance. but, in fact, it's the americans themselves a better asking us to do more in europe. the world is changing. the world has changed. do we really want to be out there in the world? well, we do. now, currently defense budgets are under pressure so we've got to pool our efforts. i think the european commission is willing to do its bit. and we will contribute towards a single defense market, exercising the power it has under the treaty it developed. let's not be naïve, ladies and gentlemen. the world is changing. and if europe wants to be the, we need a defense if we want to influence the future of the world.

ladies and gentlemen, i shall conclude. at the end of our mandate, and the mandate of this parliament in 2014, it will have been a century since the beginning of the first world war. a dark period of history which was followed by the second world war, one of the most dramatic episodes in history of the world and in the history of your. now, such wars are unimaginable in europe today and that is in large part because we have the european union. because it is thanks to europe's vision, it is thanks to economic integration, we have built up a guarantee for peace in our confidence. [applause] that is why we can't allow this great achievement to be in danger. it is something bestowed to us by previous generations. our generation cannot -- let's

be clear, if we start to break out, if we start to go back and, there is a risk of fragmentation. as i stated at the end of the day this crisis is a political crisis. it is a test of our will to live and work together. that is why we must deepen the european union. and that is why we have built up common institution. that is what we must guarantee european interests. the fact of the matter is that today intergovernmental cooperation is not enough to get europe out of the crisis and to give europe a future. quite the contrary. a certain type of intergovernmental that will lead to fragmentation, we national session, a certain type of, could lead to the death of the

niger, the type of united europe we all want. [applause] >> let's not forget that the decisions we take no, or those we failed to take are going to shape our future. and that this one message i would like to convey to you, that i feel aggrieved when i see people elsewhere in the world patronizing us europeans and telling us what to do. yes, we have gone -- got some very says problems but i don't think we should apologize for our democracy. we shouldn't apologize for social market economy. i think we need to call our institutions and member states, paris, berlin, paris, dublin, to show a bit more pride, a bit

more sense of dignity. thank you very much. we can work together. we can overcome this crisis. i want to see and hear that pride in being european. [applause] and pride in european is not just about our culture and our civilization, and everything we have. it's not just pride in the past but it's also pride in our future. in fact, -- is that kind of confidence that we need to generate. and i think it's possible to do that. now, some say that this is all very difficult. in fact, it's almost impossible. here, let me recall what a great man, a great african once said, nelson mandela. it always seems impossible until it is done. let's do it. we can do it. we can do it with confidence. we can renew your. thank you very much for your

attention. [applause] [applause] >> should always start with the assumption when a politician or a ceo is saying something they are not telling you the truth. now, they may be telling you the truth but the burden should be on them to prove it. spent he is an eagle scout, healthy priest and as editor of "mother jones" magazine, directed and produced three of the top 10 grossing documentaries of all time. and also a best selling author. his latest a memoir is here comes trouble. and sunday unindent your chance to call, e-mail entry michael moore live at noon eastern on book tv on c-span2. >> in a few moments a look at how social media is affecting

news coverage.

>> the "huffington post" howard fineman and other journalists see social media is found in the impacting news coverage. he was one of the speakers at the activism media policy summit. this is an hour. >> at afternoon. where a couple of stragglers coming in from upstairs. we have one more panel of the tremendous keynotes then we're off for a couple of cocktails.

if you bear with us for another 45 minutes or so. i liked it and reduce rod will be introducing our next set of panelists. and rob is both an executive team member as well as a sponsor of anti-2010 and 2011 so we thank him for his support and his help today. [applause] >> thank you. heritage is a proud sponsor of the and summit as it has been a wonderful day. thank you all for sticking around to the in. we do have three wonderful speakers this afternoon. and throughout the day i think we've heard some outstanding presentations with it's been in this room for the breakout sessions upstairs. so i really want to commend j., megan, david and everyone who is held us create this wonderful conference today. it's been outstanding. our next two speakers bring a very unique perspective on how technology is shaping news and

kevin. we will begin with mark knoller who's sitting here to my right. he has been called the unofficial historian of the white house. and officials in the clinton, bush and obama administrations have all acknowledged he keeps better records of presidential trips, about bill signings and social events than even they do. mark is an award-winning white house correspondent for cbs news. he reports for cbs radio news as well as the saturday early show. he contributed the weekend editions of cbs evening news and up-to-the-minute. during his career as report has covered every president since gerald ford. mark came to cbs news in 1988 after 13 years as a correspondent with "the associated press" were you network. please join me in welcoming mark knoller. [applause] >> i have never been in the

newseum before. i like it. is this part of the newseum or just the conference center? you know, if you live in washington you never get to go to the museums and libraries, except when you take a relatives to come here. and i'm able to talk my relatives into staying away. anyway, it was about two and a half years ago in april of '09 a cbs interactive phone at the white house and asked if i could start filing some reports on twitter. on what, i remember asking. twitter he said. i really didn't know what he was talking about. i knew, i thought it was for making dates with people. i really didn't know what twitter was all about. occasionally i would write stories for cbs news.com, which i enjoy doing, but that was the extent of my online experience.

the executives point to me what twitter was. i said i would think about it, which is what i always say when i try and get somebody off my back and not really give them the answer that they are looking for. but the executive call back in a couple of weeks, and asked me again if i would start reporting news on twitter. he said let's open up a twitter account. and i figured it couldn't hurt. and they didn't want to appear uncooperative. so i agreed. and between the two of on the phone, he help me open up twitter on my computer and sign on and establish a twitter site for myself. now, i have no recollection of what my first tweets were about, but i remember feeling very professionally satisfied by having an outlet by which to

instantly report the news as quickly as everybody could gather it. and write it in 140 characters. on radioactive wait until the next newscast either at the top of the hour or the bottom of the hour, and you know, in that amount of time competitors and rivals and colleagues can beat you at it. but i found innocent professional gratification with twitter to be very satisfying to. with heavy development to report i did so and practically instantly and suddenly having my own personal wire service. now, i'm an old api. i started with a few one of the things which ap is most proud is the speed in which it conveys news. of course, they're saying is give it first but first get it

right. and, of course, we all adhere to that, that principle of journalism, but with twitter i found i was able to get news, breaking news out faster of reuters. i didn't have on twitter, their copy goes through a copy editor. that slows it down. what i to do with gather the news, write it and hit tweet. now, on that score let me give you some very important advice. the temptation is the second you bang it out, you think in your head that it makes perfect sense. before you hit tweet button, we read it again. so often when you are rereading, that's not what i meant, or you've got a wrong name there.

a few of the 40,000 tweets that i sent out over the last two and a half years, there are a few i have to file corrections about. and i've tried not to be shy about correcting tweets that contain errors. i think it's honest and it's important for my own integrity and my own reliability that my followers know, well, if mark knoller finds he makes a mistake, he's going to correct it. and that's really very, very important. but my never one piece of advice to you is, to those colleagues who are starting at tweeting, we read your copy before you hit the tweet button, check for spelling, grammar, and above all else, accuracy. ..

it was really very educational. we don't get that much mail probably because it takes so much effort for somebody to sit down and find out the address. cbs news doesn't advertise where it is and it takes a good deal of effort to get a letter of and get more correct letters than substantive letters. on twitter each tweet can trigger an avalanche of comment so followers don't get or appreciate my sense of humor. some see bias or personal agenda where there is none. some of the comments were informed and intelligent. some ask questions that will put

would always respond but most surprising to me is the amount of anger and rage on twitter or elsewhere on the internet. seemingly innocent reports by me on what president obama says can bring scores of responses. sometimes i am accused of being a mindless stenographer of the president's wise. other times of being left off of the president's opponent. some criticism involves crude name calling. some of it doesn't understand that in journalism if they report reflects well or badly on the subject of the news story is not a reflection of bias. that is the way it is. the more followers the more angry tweets i receive. everyone is entitled to their point of view but it takes some

getting used to it took me time to get used to. i have to continue to report honestly and straightforward without regard to the angry responses it might foment. i tried to read all the tweets i get but made it a point not to respond to those that contain personal attacks. i am not an idiot. how do you answer things like that? my objective is to be informative, occasionally amusing and thought-provoking. i want my twitter site to provide a window into the world. my world as the white house reporter sharing in sight and background. i try to give my followers the benefit of 35 years covering washington. i will occasionally be drawn into a running commentary on

commercial air travel that is part of my job since costs have reduced the number of presidential trips on which networks and other news organizations pay for a press plane. a press plane is more expensive than commercial. twitter gives me a satisfying journalistic outlook. white house officials track my tweets as a key aide in congress and are not shy about taking issue. i have no problem with that. i am ready and willing to answer for what i write and report but unlike reports on radio and tv these aides have access to their own twitter sites where they report things as they like.

jay carney took over from robert gibbs. white house communications director dan pfeiffer will comment on the administration policies. president obama has his own twitter site run by his election campaign on which his policies and appeals can be conveyed. if followers don't want reports from journalists they can get partisan reports from a multitude of government and political twitter sight. the white house has many and an official digital strategist at the white house who is a twitter site is available for that kind of twitter if that is what you were looking for. every presidential candidate on twitter or facebook which have more followers than my 80,000.

that is the new media. i consider myself as old media. i still enjoy writing in 140 characters of breaking news and providing new insight into being a longtime radio reporter. i noted that being a radio reporter has helped me crafting each of the tweets that i write. you have to write 35 seconds is usually the limit for wrote radio report. writing tight is an important ability. are will continue to tweet and followers can respond. bring it on and on will do the same. thanks. [applause]

>> thank you. as someone awaiting the new journalism operation i want to thank you for being a role model for so many of those young people who aspire to do the kind of work you do so thank you. our next speaker is dr. paul taylor, chief contends editor of e.republic. he has been with e.republic since 2002 and previously served as chief strategy officer for the center of digital government where he had an effort in it polities in state and local government. while working there, washington was named the original and sustained digital state for three consecutive years based and innovation in policy, planning and practice. he is the number of experts with innovation foundation in

washington d.c.. please join me in welcoming dr. paul taylor. >> thank you. i find myself between mark knoller and howard fineman. the best company i have kept in my career. i hope i do justice to the panel. it is a pleasure to be with you. it has been a very good day. our hope to amplify some of the themes we heard from others today and maybe add a bit as well. what you see here is the cover of the original did you edition which goes back a quarter century dealing with a fiscal crisis in the states and the federal government was out of money. funny how famous repeat themselves. governing took the journalistic take on what was going on in

state and local government. it covered innovation in government before innovation in government was cool. coverage was and remains sophisticated but stems from a simple premise which is person in a place with a problem and what the community was going to do. i would like to rethink that to say a person or place and possum because in this particular story the possum was both the problem and open up a truly engaged solution from the community. when all of this began dated from the arrival of the commodity internet in the 90s there was a lot of excitement

about thedemocracy and most people in this room fit in that category. within government where i was serving at the time there was excitement about egovernment which is the touch point between citizens and the government. there were not many rules if there were any at all and there was an opportunity to change the way government works. turn government to face the citizen. it was a great promise. for the last 15 years there have been many in public service trying to live up to the promise of that. just a word about governing where it fits. it grew up under the umbrella of cq and it is part of e.republic on the west coast. it has sister publications interested in this issue of innovation. government technology is applied

innovation or solutions for state and local government. public cio celebrates chief technologist as they make their move into more policy planning and advisory roles. all of them are print publications we are proud of and all of them as you expect have online presence. governing.com and to a particular moment there is facebook and twitter. most of the editors and writers have their own twitter accounts. here are three you might want to start with including my own if you are in the mood to follow three more, welcome you to doodad as well. i mention the halcyon days of commodity government and served as deputy cio and we

bootstrapped access washington. it looked like a lot of things were being done at the time but there was always the opportunity to do something that had never been done before or do something in a different way. these days online chat or live chat is commonplace. you can't buy a book without being offered the opportunity to go into a live chat session. in the late 1990s that was rather exceptional and a risk averse environment it felt risky. we launched and learned with it and also monitor the traffic and what the comments were so there was a policy analyst who would go through the transcript of these things. one pointed to the potential of bringing citizens and government together in unique ways. there was a woman on the east

coast moving to washington state. it was late in the day. the kids were put to bed and she had outstanding questions and a couple things she wanted done before beginning the long drive west. this went back and forth a live chat environment. it went over three hours and the operator said this will have to wait until you get here. but we have to do this for you for a live chat. response was i never knew government could be like that. for those of us who spend time and energy trying to work through this experiment, it was gratifying and we thought we might be on to something with

this. fast-forward to today. live chat is being used october 8th in new york state to have a wide open online forum about something as controversial as fracking to engage citizens with the rise of facebook and other social networks they are where the people are. states and localities are going where the people are. you see on the right hand side especial site post irene put up by the state of connecticut which is a wide-open non moderated forum about issues good and bad around the response to irene. the state of connecticut engaging people where they are and listening with both ears and doing so in a very public way.

at lunch we heard about the chief technology officer in the city of chicago who is removing, shifting from the big networks and really large applications to taking a different view of the world. for people with that kind of orientation is remarkable that when asked what the trending issues were responded with a list that includes the things you care about and work at. mobile service to citizens and business so services can be delivered when and where they are needed and data surfacing, all of that on a list that used to be dominated by data center and network.

much more diverse list. it is worth thinking where the web was when it didn't have a version number. critical mass matters and instigators and catalysts matter. there is a company in kansas that has been amazingly influential. they operate official state portals for 23 states and have thousands apps for public agencies across the country but half of the state portals which means resources to innovate and within this closed loop there is an opportunity to disseminate that information across almost half the country. talked-about transparency. with transparency comes the rise of the open data movement and it is a movement. a couple things that a

remarkable, tens of thousands of data sets posted by local government but when you look up the federal government number it is remarkable. two years ago there were 39 datasets available online. last week 390,000. if it is serviceable it is probably there by now. one caution is the tendency for malicious compliance. it isn't an arms race to get everything out. it is proper public stewardship to get it out in a way that is usable. and some context so developers understand it enough to use it properly. in this arms race mentality of getting everything up quickly, some of that may have been lost.

it is worth keeping a careful eye on. if a kansas city company was the closed loop, this data activity coupled with transparency activity is really the wide open loop. you can't see the edges of this loop. the sun life foundation among others have been catalytic and there is competition. coach for america has gone hyperlocal. all of that has provided a follow-on. wheat used to call or blotters became known as citizen journalists. people who cut code are citizen coders making government useful. government needs some friends. this suggests there are 1

hundred three billion reasons why state and local government needs to look beyond itself for help in doing things communities need. isn't likely to get better anytime soon. and analysis of a medium-sized police department in colorado they looked for their calls of service. they found 80% of calls for service didn't require response from uniformed officer. what would be more appropriate as a response from lot neighbor. when you think of citizen engagement of people using these technologies and in gauging each other and third parties including but not limited to government as we move forward. in fact there is an apps for that. very recently our center for digital government held co-host a session at the white house for

champions of change using government data with contemporary technology and showcase of a dozen or more applications. this one caught my eye among the 12. it comes out of the san francisco bay area where the simple premise was if your job in part is to find play date locations it might be useful to know where they are. your city and county will publish locations but it would be useful if they were mapped out and places you could take the kids. they took the publicly available data and used an interface that was helpful and as close