center for. so he was a major, major figure. he dealt with thousands and thousands of court-martials and other cases every single year. >> you write a lot about lincoln's thoughts on holt and holt's actions. how did you go about doing your research on this? ..

the devastation caused by the 2010 earthquake in haiti, and he takes a critical look get the aid agencies that have been working their sense. after farmers interviewed by cbs news medical correspondent dr. jonathan lapook for just over 50 minutes. [applause] [applause] >> i guess i will start appearing first of all, thank you so much for inviting me. i am honored to come down here. wondering where i am for the day. there will be upset. it's having done the prep without the procedure. that is what they're going to be really irritated that.

[laughter] it's all right. they all know. they all know. also, i am keenly aware that you are @booktv about 30 minutes you are here to listen to paul, not me. so i will be a facilitator of paul talking, and on a personal note of want to thank you for one thing which was for entitling chapter to practice and policy because what that tommy was that if you highlight a word in the kindle the dictionary pops out. you can learn what the word practice means. formal practice. anyway, i just want to thank you for that. >> that's why i wrote the book. [laughter] >> you are a physician, i am a physician. you love to use physician metaphors to many talk about the history of the present illness. that's going to be the heart of today's 30 minutes. we will consider a elective patient. let's start with the past

medical history. you start off with a country that an atf for had its successful revolution rewarded in 1825 with france imposing a $21 billion reparations bill on them was taken over a hundred years to repay with interest. it got worse from there. so you say the collapse says been an ecological, economic, and political. you want to expand on that about 20 seconds? >> that is revenge for me cancelling. you know, first of all, thank you for having this year. i said normal way in here, i can't imagine that there would be anyone here on a monday morning, so thank you all for making an effort to be here. it is not a convenient time, i'm sure, for any of you. thank you, john, for doing this. by way of thanks and as a segue into the question, i also want

to express at the outset my deep gratitude to the haitian people. that sounds like a grandstanding move, but let me be specific. those of you here today who are asians will know exactly what of talk about. the revolution that john just mentioned -- on going to say john even though it is doctor. that john just mentioned, the only time that in recorded history a slave revolt has led to the founding of a nation. when we heard about the french revolution in 1789 and its promises of liberty, equality, and fraternity, how could that be true if there were slaves, right? how could that be a real human rights revolution? the answer is, of course, the haitians said it could not be true. it was unreal. no offense to anybody who is

from france, especially because i really love french food. it could not be meaningful without the haitian revolution. the haitians will tell you, and again, this is across all spectrums of haitian society. most of my experience has been in their regions accomplices you have no visited. my knowledge of the haitians urban elite is actually quite primitive, mostly through books that they have written. but across the spectrum haitians will tell you that the small amount of their current problems are related to the haitian revolution and the price they paid for actually pushing forward these ideas. now, i said, well, how can you say that in a more concise way. that is why i took this medical metaphor. for those of you who are not medicine, we talk about the

history of the present ellis. someone comes in with a complaint. a different sort of complaint usually for just patients and my. >> rebuff interns. okay. if i know when this started. one of the things that we would like to do, and i put this in the book may be pushing a little bit. in my work we always go chronologically. the patient may or may not have an idea about when a certain ellis started. they always do have an idea. but going back in time to when that patient was well and then moving forward, he was never well because it was a slave colony prior to the revolution here. then it was this pariah nation that was being punished for by the great powers of the time,

and frightening to the united states. >> very frightening to the united states. bell was quoted in books about 80, the senate floor, the senator from one of our states, i won't mention which, but it's a little bit south of north carolina saying, you know, the safety of our country forbids that we even talked about 80. this is on the set floor, and obviously there were still slaves and the first on morrison's was and lincoln since the first ambassador. so the united states and haiti have this very complicated history that goes back actually to before the revolution when we sided with the slave owners as the only other independent nation in the hemisphere, the only independent nation in the hemisphere. so we have this history. two countries, and as an american that is always on my mind. what about our country? that says the state's biggest people say haiti is a lost

cause. this can get their act together. let's get all the aid that has come in, but without the history and have a have been going up against it, you can even start to talk about it. that is one part of the book this terrific. this sort of set the stage. >> excuse me. before we even think about haiti because just coming into it ron is very hard for people to just get. the stock but the 800-pound gorilla in the room which is ngos. i have been to haiti several times now. i have seen the amazing work that ngos, including partisan hell. the day that the cholera outbreak started. he was astounding. as with a colleagues. i went up north to port debate, and less of a difference within the health care that people got in the mission and the ngo and

then going 7 miles down the road to the public hospital which was astounding. that had never seen anything like that in my life. there were literally no doctors there. there were three guys who were sitting there, there were going to call other doctors. the patients on the right and left and had to bring their own sheets. the family brought the food and there was no religious beat. you cannot imagine it. you have this big difference between the public and the private. but there were critics that said that this code dependency existed. he talked a lot this correction between taking care of the patient is right in front of you, that is a doctor. but the person you can't even, reach out and help the men taken care of the whole system.

there is talk about that as the chieftains in a new life. such talk about that and about this whole controversy. >> detention in the controversy, of tried to give attack. i am here with some friends who perry met that just came in from new york. we have been working on some policy projects together. now, that sounds like the 219:00 tonight everybody would just, you know, is floridian the receipts and star snoozing. i don't find policy discussions that interesting, but there are crucial to getting this right. only talk about when i talk about destroyed infrastructure building a better. for example, you were and -- and the cholera outbreak started, and this entire history to our

caller came from and where it's going, and a very interested in that suit. that area was actually not just by the earthquake. so what you saw when you went into this no electricity no doctors, terribly underfunded public sector, and then pretty good ngo. what you saw it as part of what is to be built. and so the tension between policy. you know what, i should not use the word practice. smarty pants will school marxist term. a cool word. let it go. >> alito. >> from my doctor friends who are here, including some much and what they know it never said that. >> that was the longest take a never seen it. the guy pulls off the mask. five seconds later he goes, how. >> unlike the restaurant irreligious we have long memories. so it is come to this.

>> anyway, the practice law practice. >> this house and in our logical turn. >> neurologic. but that tension between taken care of someone right in front of you and the right policy is really the one we shall be confronting if we care about. it's not about our own personal like to dislike. i like being patient, but a firework sitting and, cholera is a good example. you can have as many patients as you want because the epidemic is out of control. foreign 25,000 already here. >> that translates to 12 million people. so million people for the united states. 6,000 dead is a hundred and 80,000 dead in the united states, just to put it in perspective. >> it could be as you know because reporting capacities. so this tense and is in our

lives, and it should be in our lives regardless of what -- i mean, your life, for example, you see patients, but also every time you go on the air targets adr somalia here are also taking on the big picture. i think is the same sort of thing when i read a book. you're seen by millions of viewers. i'm not bitter. i never jamie from public affairs is here. see is fighting. >> she did let me finish the second part of the question. >> you remember it? >> of course. the 800-pound gorilla in the room and the codependent sick adjusted judge enamoring we have a ctc said of the yield. >> the functional mri. >> what we wanted to bring to in his life since also to say thank

you to add the gardener but engine block to be contributed to the book until bring it into existence. you know, it takes a village, as he said. when you read this the should read, read the end. the parts of the end. his wife wrote. especially the witnesses will was. don't stop with his last word beverly do read. >> state hundred pound gorilla is the idea behind this book, i am from anzio. my real job is being a medical school professor, but i have always believed in the work. there are other great ngos. at the same time what is our

long-term strategy? now, our strategy has been hire local people, do local procurement whenever possible, and work to rebuild the public sector. you know, the public health institutions, but it wasn't always that way. it was always a community-based organization with haitian employees, but is in the last seniors are so we said, wait, what are we doing wrong? the key for building a hospital. you know, thank you for helping get our kids back to school. we did a lot of thanks from the people we serve. we said, what we doing wrong? will we are doing wrong is to allow the continued degradation and collapse of the public sector which is, after all, haitians. but this is the institutions of that country, public institutions allow them to collapse even as we grow. does not the way to build haiti. the earthquake was a chance, we hope, not only to improve our own practice but also to approve

the dialogue with our other ngo partners. how does that translate? >> tested in the rubble of the ministry of health literally. the shot to death for one of our pieces, and it was the rubble. was literally on a pile of rubble. i thought rebuilding this is the easy part. but rebuilding, not even rebuilding, creating for the very first time a public health system, that is the tough thing. you have all these, with its 10 billion are 6 billion, however many billion have been placed and however much is actually least -- reached 80 which is another question, it is more efficient for tomorrow to give that money to the ngos. it will help the person who is dying right there, but really commend you have written, it needs to go to rebuilding the public health system. >> it does. >> and get you an example that i find uplifting, and i have not cleared this with the american

red cross. >> it's a positive story. they haven't doormat can't tell it. >> this is the hometown. >> anyway, take the american red cross, the international federation. when there is a disaster people would give to the red cross. a good brand. i watched -- of course, i only work. i never take breaks. that did not was contagion this weekend, but if i had watched it i would have seen, by the way, pretty compelling outbreak moving. >> he says he was hit with matt damon. >> i didn't watch it with them. somebody else was in the movie. >> anyway, it is about an

outbreak. i was thinking. had been at the movie theater, and fun going to watch in the mall committee i get to see up house of the red cross. ngo, non-government organization. it raised a lot of money in response to the earthquake or katrina were any visible disaster. whether we call the natural and unnatural doesn't matter. more than half of all american households donated to the haiti and a quick relief which says something good but everyone in the sermon about this country. the red cross is an ngo and they're used to working with ngos. here is my chance to apologize to anyone who are called in the book. i confess, doctors sometimes did borders. having worked with them, it was just a joke.

but we can move like this presently. we can move very quickly. doctors without borders can move very, very quickly. but they do for supporting us to response to the suffering of cholera patients and reduce what is called case fatality rates, the number of patients with the disease and ten of 15%, 0. that's already done. if someone gets into one of these color treatment centers that won't die of cholera, but that does not replace a public water system. it does not replace a public hospital and is not replace the public reporting system which does a lot more than reporting. as you concede, and told about this movie adjutancy, but that is an example. we said, help us keep the general hospital going. you were there in the general hospital, the largest hospital of haiti. that is going to require finding

a way to get salaries paid to workers. how. >> how does that logistically happen? >> it logistically happens by convincing them to do it and then sank maybe you one other groups to accompany, that is the word we're trumping a lot, a company man as an alternative velma's strategy. the red cross accompanies us financially and we accompany the general must love the public sector, and the idea behind that, and my colleagues here from new york tell me i've done a good job talk about this. that is a model of moving resources to the unfortunate it don't. and let me just give one last number. there is a health anzio which i won't mention my name. it raised a hundred and $34 million for earthquake relief.

the ministry of health which, as you noted, was completely leveled by the a quick and probably lost love to percent of the, dead or injured, the ministry of health which is still in a temporary shelter. there's not a stone standing there. there budget. that is the modern world distortion. he and all over the world. you have one country, this one, for example, where there would be tens of millions or hundreds of millions of dollars raise out of generosity going into a country where the public sector budget is that of third of what one raises. a few years ago in the book custody but i bet you didn't read, i just compare the budget

of the republic of haiti which is undergoing difficult times because cynical manipulation by the international community which is a turn that gets picked apart in this book. this is 2003. i said, what is the budget of the republic of haiti? the budget was less than the budget of the city of cambridge with a hundred thousand people and it. those kind of, you know, those distort the work we do. the 800-pound gorilla he said going back to the question and wrapping it up neatly, the 800-pound gorilla is ngos of which there are more per capita than any other country in the world. >> one for every thousand. i'm sorry. one for every thousands. >> 10 million people. there may be more because an accounting of a little bit once. little did you once.

everything you said sounds good to my find. >> we have a seven minutes left and then i want to get for it. right now the patient is not even addressed jets. we have to take it to the physical exam. get a diagnosis and the treatment and the prognosis and seven minutes. i no -- >> when you don't examine the patients. >> i know that this is not -- you may know everybody here wants to know what happened to the money. >> jack. >> on the way in here one of my colleagues reminded me, it's not just about the budget. it's obviously about delivery in answering a very substantial majority. >> and people need to. they want to know the numbers and the percentage goes to the public. >> and unselfconscious because death and goldman is here.

she should correct me. there were $5 billion that were placed. long-term pledges that were made as well. >> 2010-11. >> you have to pick these apart. that's why we have a website that really is just devoted to of working. these pledges, are they recycle of pledges, really knew? >> i think we are pushing 30%. it's not bad. that means the majority. >> of that, how much went to the government? >> a vanishingly small amount. up to you the number i do know which is the cue relief. you have already given a picture of why it's difficult the a. it was destroyed. eight of 29 of federal buildings in haiti or destroyed. imagine washington. this is one city.

los angeles and chicago and new york. it's all one city. that city, the nerve center was as leveled. the public infrastructure, the government infrastructure from palace the ministry to the equivalent of even a building like this, so it was hard to put money in. i get that. we understand why it was hard for the big ngos and the bilateral, cuba and haiti. as a bilateral. the multilateral. we understand why it was hard, but to have to be less than 1 percent of the relief monday, i think we could have done better. >> that gives you some idea. >> and going to review and a low benefits okay. we talked before and. week ago on an hour and each one of these topics, but i wanted very quickly. first of all, i have to ask you the key question. as did during the patient

metaphor, what is 80 allergic to? >> eighty is allergic to heavy-handed meddling and in the assault on its -- real or perceived on its sovereignty. and all of that time sure, read the newspapers yesterday are reflected on 911. i read the new york times and just read a piece by a pakistani who i had the privilege of meeting. actually in this city in this building. and he writes about the impact of some of the things that happened since then picked on his own country and the popular perception of the united states, but in haiti is steeper. much less fraud. there has never been -- the american occupation of haiti which is a dark chapter for them, 1915 to 1934, but if we want to find out how to perceive we have to be aware of that

elegy. it's a great metaphor. but if i choose one thing it would be perceived attack on the sovereignty. it doesn't have to be real. that's a very hard thing to inform all one's work with that awareness. >> we have three minutes, so i wanted to talk about the diagnosis, wanted to talk about rwanda, how it is a role model and what it can teach this. allotted to talk about the role of the haitian diaspora, the need to decentralize 80, deforestation. i was there when katie couric interviewed. back in april 2010. all around. there is the problem. says is only two minutes left. >> i love the end you're imagining all the different

scenarios. if you were king of the jumbo what it looks like. they're going to have to read the books again. we only have two minutes. i thought the most delicious part of the book, although u.s. are very tasty the above from be the most ... part was the woman who took the history from the haitians. , he to talk about that and let the haitians themselves the same. those of the people, as you point out so beautifully, who were at the table. they couldn't afford a ticket. >> again, the elegy coming from ride above the elegy. appointee's this metaphor to ride above the of quick even though i was there working as a physician, it needed to have patience voices. a friend of mine, some of you

will have seen some of this fell called the agronomist which is about a larger journalist. that is served. killed in a.d. ten or 11 years ago. anyway, they're both radio journalist. aster if she would help fund the project, not this book, but -- and other people got together. we decided to go out so all -- what is it, nine are ten apartments. i'm looking at jenny. she brought the tape recorders. you have to do things like that. you have to have infrastructure of inquiry of. a group of patients and the couple bought haitians to step

down. they ask people who are market women are fishermen or displaced people, and the cans, street vendors, school kids, farmers, and of farmers like me, but you know. what do you want for your country? in the thing that was inspiring, as you said, they did not said -- the team that came back was not -- we don't believe in the future of our country. none of that. there were actually optimistic about the possibility of reforming the state, making it work for the people, getting the kids back to school and rebuilding the country in no way that was going to make it easier for them to live in haiti. there was something really in spiring. she does a great job. a great job underwriting new chapter. i have not listened to the audio version of the book, she doesn't

own chapter. i won a narrow street to do mine because on the narrow strip of public health. i heard a story, by the way, the new york -- there was a get together. meryl streep was in the same room. everybody was around narrow street. paul farmer walks in. suddenly meryl streep is all alone in the corner. >> it was at nyu. >> a certain community of people. >> merrill street did a lot of it. but michele month josh, our own beautiful voice price will of merrill. a great person. listen and read what the haitians have to say about the. >> my final question, what is the prognosis? >> i think the prognosis if you go back to that chapter, the prognosis is good. what is the allergy? what is the great resource of

haiti? its people. there is a lot of talent in haiti, and a lot of young talent and 80. it's a young country in terms of the demographics, and we did get a chance to talk about the passport, but in the book i read about some of my students from harvard who r haitian who are so committed to working in 80. one of them, i don't want to -- you can read about them, but one of them, a harvard medical school book group in canada, went to school. the harvard medical school. he said to me, of pound the first reduced school. of course all of the americans. what's up? he had never been to haiti. alves said what kind of medicine? he said surgery.

his first time in 80 was coming back as a young adult working in the operating room. he would spend -- he would work in the operating room has been the weekends with his family. many, many cousins. his aunt and uncle were killed in the earthquake. he brought all of his cousins. there were eight. i know that because he sent me an e-mail picture of them in montreal with his parents. can you imagine thinking we get the kids out. you will enjoy into nest syndrome and then they did eight more. you know, that's the kind of story. of course that is the story of great diversity for the family to mob of it's also the story of how the haitian people can be. we will take our cousins. but make sure they grow safely. this segment, was going to say this kid is indeed out during his surgical residency. i meet people like that a lot and we don't have enough of the

stories out there. that is an example of not only the haitian people in haiti making the prognosis, but also the diaspore that i think we still have yet to draw from. >> is a big game. >> i think probably we're out of time for q&a. >> that was a conversation. from guess we have questions to back please, not heard. [inaudible question] >> dr. farmer, come here with some high-school student leaders and colleagues. we are part of the episcopal schools education partnerships.

about seven half-hour's at the villas along dark of night. we went last year for the first time. we are going again, about 400 families there, 25 percent of the yen people were clearly malnourished. our question, a good friend of mine. >> to want to get community held workers there as well as food aid. we're going to build them out of school. even he thought there is no thought that we would be more effective in figuring out a way to get the health workers and their. and so can you give us some advice on how to do that. >> i sure can. it's great that the students who are with you and needed caesar i willing to shoulder some of this burden.

after all, he has so many duties as to allow the people deserve, as he does, a living link between in this case the united states and haiti. that is a very difficult role. i have done in all my life. the end up being a chokepoint. so much. on the other end of this, this great need. it's hard to be in the middle because you don't want to -- of money to take my advice. more advice to you that to him. he is already working 60 hours a week over many. my advice to you is if you're going to get involved in food aid try and think about security in food sovereignty. this is my colleague from new york. my colleagues and the york.

ladies and smart suits. we were working on this. when not trying to say you need to do your food progress better. what we're saying is you need to think about local food per chairman and a very humbling congenial. this is so we've done it. he is the most food is secure the country in the hemisphere, the ranking problem for many families, 25 percent. on foresail what happened, it is largely surplus grain from the united states and canada or elsewhere. and not going to say dump, but is being moved to 80 which is to increase the cycle of dependency because it undercut the value of local food production. we did this for years. a school lunch program. we probably still do, try to

move away from that and i use those resources, but by produce locally, and we are not there yet. ideally that is our rear going because then you support local farmers. you make sure kids did a nutritious meal which, of course, everybody, every study shows for kids not to get a meal in school means to perform less well, investor in the united states as it is and 80. especially true when the best meal of the day is coming during school, so that is one thing. help take that burden off his shoulders and don't impose anything on him, but try to have that be a pilot project for the schools. that is one bit of advice. very specific. find a way to allow them to make a living. we have worked back to the world bank.

new work back from washington. a lot of international financial institutions are so obsessed with what they call this sustainability that they recommend that that health care providers not be paid and all. how can you be a health care worker. work. how can you be a health care worker if you're a volunteer? the people like me should be volunteers. people like those being paid by the world bank. but the workers, the women and men who are doing that cannot afford to be substantial, you know, a intervenors in their own villages if they can't tell you know -- if they have to be volunteers where charge poor people. to very specific suggestions for you and your student. >> i noticed all along. somebody tell me, three detent. >> my colleague who happens to

be a theologian. >> me with -- me with my co-workers. >> somebody tell me. what time we really quickstep. >> he has to fly. >> i can state. 1015 minutes. quickstep. and of people want to ask questions. here's your chance. >> where are you? >> i'm here and you're right. halfway back. my name is bob abernathy. i am with religion and ethics newsweekly. whenever there is a disaster there is just such an outpouring of desire to help. over the years, especially in haiti, a great many religious

groups and people of faith have gone to haiti to try to help. i am wondering, since the earthquake how do you assess the effectiveness, usefulness, the problems that need to be learned for people who go there with a strong religious motivation to try to help. >> it is a hard question. immorally hard and personally our question to ask, but i am glad you did. i think that i don't doubt for a minute the motivation. even if i did i wouldn't incident. i'm not interested in that. the motivation, as in the best. it's not about that. these are people in my experience of goodwill. one of a contributor is to the book wrote a very grim book about this called travesty in haiti. i invited them because i think we need critical -- he has much worse experience than i do.

his aim is to the shorts. a very learned person. he has been working for years. you can read his take on this, but i have a lot of experience with people. i didn't catch the school teaches name, but i will later. i have worked with a lot of good people, including people of faith working with a church based groups. a lot of good experiences. the question, he didn't ask to the middle of them of what was their motivation. i would say let's not give ourselves more than a c grade. i am inspired by the school kids. we shouldn't. the look get all the goodwill, and i just told you, haiti is the most foods sector country in the hemisphere. it also some you that before the earthquake half of all school his children were not in school. so we can't the patting ourselves on the back too much, but we should palo lower.

it goes back. it goes back to this. everybody talks about this. the about this for 14 seconds. the need a strong central organization, public of system and then maybe these ngos. right now the ngos, come back to the patient metaphor. it's like having one patient with a hundred doctors. you know something's going to go wrong. but if you could somehow coordinate those that have been facilitating the work of a central organization, you know what, we don't need five buildings within a hundred yards of each other. spread them out. decentralization of haiti. a lot of it is in the capitol, and it is to go out to the rest of the country. >> mr. abernathy, let me say another thing. this book is aimed. it is the loyal critique, and

inside critique of the ngos, the un, the development. it's not a the savage critique. how can we do better? >> a a pound gorilla in the room is the fact that if organized correctly these could be much more effective. so they are doing amazing stuff. gasol with my own to my spirit amazing stuff, but imagine what they could be doing if there were coordinated. >> but in general to the many church related his promise of a gun related to moscow related, of religion related groups, what would be your message? >> my message would be, you know, although your mission is may be different from the public education, public health, and i'm talking about those two areas largely. we have to talk about agriculture and food security, even though your mission is different to midget can be

complementary to the goals of the public-health and the public education and public water system. let me put it even more, with more humility. don't forget. cholera, because he was there, not because he was assessed. cholera spread like wildfire through the various parts of haiti where we have been working for 25 years. imagine how that felt. it is a disease, waterborne disease, and there we are for 25 years stettinius, and is spread right along the river system. so we should feel. we didn't do everything right. what we did to read was build an infrastructure that could save lives, but as of only about saving lives. it's about preventing cholera. church groups, most related groups, a synagogue related groups, it's not necessarily their mission to go and promote water security, but if it's their mission to help their neighbors, which it always is,

then we're going to have to think, rethink and think hard about how we can, you know, work together. the clinton foundation, an unassuming this is a general interest in addition to of interest to mr. abernathy. the clinton foundation put together a list of health-related ngos. the ministry of self. it's really the first time that we really registered as health-related ngos. now, these are larger belt ngos like doctors without borders. but it was the first time that this had been done. again, using a technology platform that everybody should be using. that figure is going to be good to do that with church groups. >> one of the things that is a theme of this book, again, to think correctly even if it is painful. and it is painful sometimes.

you have the best intentions. as of real magical thing when i was there when the cholera epidemic was happening. people were saying it was going to be contains. actually went on air and said this is magical thinking. there is no possibility because you have -- among every available yet the incubation. of up to five days. there was no chance. there is this need, especially in tough times, to just think correctly, even if it's not what he wants to relieve your bill. >> we will said. >> to we have time for one more question? >> my name is emily dormant. i am pursuing a master's in international development in american university. i was reading the college is a power. >> someone read it. >> so many of words.

>> i was just wondering if you could comment on how the earthquake influence the views that you were expressing in the book, particularly about the u.s. ambivalence toward haiti and whether or not you think that has changed or is moving in the right direction or if we still have work to do. >> you know, my views of the history of the united states and haiti are not release subject to revision. >> looking backward l retinue that there were good people and governments of both sides. i'm older, and they hope wiser. i knew there were good people in both governments. and there were generous people. i mean has grown into a very large concern, mostly because of the generous support. i knew all that. the question that i would ask

and have been trying to ask publicly. i don't do that much of this, but i have done a lot of it. do we need to have a mean-spirited policy toward haiti to make the answer is of course we don't. i don't think we are stuck in the same pattern necessarily. i think there are people of goodwill he. the difference, of course, from 1804 when there were two independent companies, the difference was there were only two. no one of them has become the most powerful country in the world. one of them has become very trampled upon and poor. also glorious. barrett -- pulled these two people apart when they should have been allied as the haitians or with the independents. my answer that question, which is as usual, someone said to me,

we don't have to be stuck in there. we can change the policies, and that think there are people in the u.s. government right now who are committed to changing his policies. based on knowledge of the analogy. >> have a perfect way to end this. because of. you were fantasizing. bad, good ones. give me the good one, everything goes right. the utah 15th. >> unfortunately, and eight not being -- i hate having to say this, unfortunately the good one can really happen. for that you need to have full inclusion of all of the haitian

adults. that means including them in the democratic process. all the parties and groups. that has happened, but that doesn't mean that we can't hope for a really good performance from the ngos, the church groups, the haitian government, the international players. if everything goes forward known as best we can, and that think this is to something people of good will should be committed to, we need to find ways to help the haitian government. there is still the government in place. you need a prime minister. let's hope this week there will be a prime minister. i18 have a government. let's hope it is formed that good people in it and the based on real solidarity. there will be a major series of public works programs. this time our link to

infrastructure, just one little tiny example. how can you reforest 80 without an alternative fuel source? they grow the trees. they drove the trees. it gets to be predicted it down. they needed for firewood. the flyover and can't imagine what it looks. on the ride is the dominican republic. and last optimistic point. medical care, which is not the main thing, but it is pretty important. medical care, not the we are biased. the book, the hospital that is described in the book which is in central haiti, first of all, not in the capitol, rigorous earthquake standards, and it will be done or openable on the second year anniversary. to me my experience is that you can get stuff done. this past month our groups,

including the haitian public sector, open the new residency training practice in san marcus, still going on. we check the progress in the hospital. the foundation reopened the medical school with the cuban faculty. 1500 cuban of professionals. they have been great. they're unsung heroes, put them in the book. they helped a lot. cholera and teaching. a lot happening in health care and medicine. that is my area and yours, but people need to know these. again, let's all be committed to helping the haitian people. regardless of our own personal leanings are inclinations, that is not the point. it is really can we help the haitian people move forward? i think we can. and hearing myself up for some

optimism. interviewed by michele. if they can still have some optimism and belief in the future, how do we feel our kids, how do we have a safe place, not subject. if those people can have optimism, then we can sue. thank you all for having me here. [applause] [applause] >> for more on dr. paul farmer and the work he does to mothers of the partners and help website at pi8 stop work. >> so, my good friends, this is not just another street ford chronological biography of davy crockett cradle to grave. nor does the focus just on that one slice from the big car occupied, the alamo. there is much more than the last few weeks of his life. it is not a regurgitation of the

many myths from many, many myths and total lies perpetuated by crack over the years. this is a book for people interested on learning the true tour as least as much as him being covered above both a historical and the fictional cockpit and how the two often became one. hopefully readers will gain some new historical insights and said the actual man and how he captured the imagination of his generation and later ones as well. so no of feet spoonfuls from crockett, the line of the last. then the first is just a graph for two from my preface. the authentic davy crockett was first and foremost a

three-dimensional human being, a person with somewhat exaggerated hopes and love checked fierce, a man who had, as we all do, both good points and bad points. somewhat idiosyncratic. presences and opinions that govern how he chose to live his life. crack it could be calculating and self aggrandizing, but also a valiant and indeed as resourceful as anyone who roams the american frontier. as a man he was both authentic and contrived. he was wise in the ways of the wilderness and most comfortable when deep in the woods on a hot. he often to hold his own. a fact that distinguished him from so many other frontiers and remarkably he enjoyed fraternizing with men of power and prestige. philadelphia and new york.

crockett was like none other, and 19th century enigma. he fought under andrew jackson in the ruinous indian wars, only later to become jackson's bitter foe on the issue of indian -- the issue of removal of indian tribes from their homeland. crockets contradictions extended beyond politics. he had only a few months of formal education, yet he read the bard. he was neither a buffoon nor a great intellect, but a man who was always evolving on the stage of a nation in its adolescence, a pioneer whose dreams haply reflected a restless nation with a gaze pointed toward the west. perhaps more than any one of his time davy crockett was arguably our first celebrity year-old, inspiring people of his own time as well as the 20th century generation. the man, david crockett, may

have perished on march 61836 in the final assault on the alamo, but the mythical davy crockett, now an integral part of the american psyche, perhaps more than any other frontiers in, live powerfully on. this way his story becomes far more than one note walt disney legend. his life continues to shed light on the meaning of america's national character. a spoonful from a chapter entitled kilts and a bar. david cocker believe in the wind and in the stars. the son of tennessee could read the sun, the shadows, and a while clouds we will fund a. he was comfortable amid the thickets, the quagmire is commanderies in malls.

he had said the maple and sweet gum force that had never felt an ax blade. he was familiar with all the smells, the odor of decaying animal flesh, the aroma of the air after rain, and the pungent smell of the forest. he knew the river is lined with sycamore, poplars, and willow that treats the mountains through steep cited gorgeous. strange sounding names, many with indian influences. the pigeon, the telescope, i was the. [inaudible] , the wolf, the old. heaps of the dimensions of lakes and streams studded with aids in cyprus. he led the dog days derived not with the heat of august, but in early july when the dog star rises and sets with the sun. he carried his c