it's not the problem of women. is the problem of parties. and specifically the republican party. >> thank you. >> you're welcome. >> recently booktv visited george mason university to interview several professors who have written recent books. ..

written books that you may not have heard of. this month we are at george mason university in fairfax, virginia, on the outskirts of washington d.c., the mature area. we are talking with johan bachmann his book is a market in the name of socialism, the left-wing origins of neoliberalism. first of all, what is neoliberalism? >> guest: that's a very good question. actually a word that is much more popular in europe. people in europe on the street can talk quite freely. latin america also very, very popular about neoliberalism. generally seen as the ideas we think of ronald reagan's ideas. the eddy is of being pro-market an entire state. people generally at the divide that with our regular margaret

thatcher. and so these ideas, they also have other qualities that i talk about in the book that rest of the different than what people expect. >> host: suggest? >> guest: often actually even though they are intestate, often they have a strong state, a stronger state to provide -- protection things like private property, protect market to be competitive. also, neoliberalism is often related to capitalism as opposed to any other economic system. >> host: where did occur neoliberalism come from? >> guest: the term neoliberalism is often right around the end of world war two. all of people in europe talking about an idea of rethinking liberalism after all the troubles of the war's over were one and will work to. they needed to rethink liberalism and make a new kind of liberalism. there ideas at the time, people, famous people were involved with this rethinking of liberalism.

>> host: was it to make government less polyp -- powerful? was that part of the gall? >> guest: yes, it was. from the time of fascism and the rise of the soviet union and this concern with the state. >> host: now, what is neoclassical economics? >> guest: neoclassical economics is generally what we understand as mainstream american economics. most people the win the nobel prize are neoclassical economists, people from other stance. but the majority of economists practice neoclassical economics in some way or another. it is based on classical economics, the economics of adam smith. the economics is based on certain things, particularly that they wanted to create something new. they believe that the ideas of understanding how you was created was wrong in the classical. they thought that would create value and at libber created value who, prices.

the neoclassical economists said, no, labor doesn't do it. it's actually consumer it doesn't matter what the labor dust. it can't matters with the consumer thinks. subjective value, neoclassical economics. >> host: was the classical. >> guest: it would be the 1700's and 1800's, the neoclassical into the 19th century. in a classical economics begins of the end of the 19th century >> host: all right. well ninth economist can do. where does that fit into your book and so what we're talking about? >> guest: keynesian economics would be a neoclassical economic it was brought to the united states in the 1930's and '40's by a very famous economist paul samuelson of the people like that. a prop these ideas to the united states. however, and my work and trying to do is show that there's a

slight difference between the policy, economic policy. an economic policy. what economists actually do it is different than policy. economists said different ideas and models of a fundamentally different and we hear about in the policy will. if it a year for the market arer the state. we hear this all the time with the two-party. the tea party is often said were for free-market. obama is more socialism of the state over planning are some kind of interventionism. that is the policy discussion. is very different from what actually goes on. economists are very much interested in a different kind of discussion about the model different things. the model things. the way they do this is a actually is in the state versus market a deal. equally efficient in the malls.

trying to separate the policy discussions from the economist's ideas and what they're trying to do. we don't understand. we have not understood until very recently what they're up to. >> host: where did you come up with the title? >> guest: came up with the idea of markets and of socialism because one thing, i knew that from the current american conversation, especially the example of the two-party. the markets, free markets because they believed if -- and trying to say that markets are not identified as having to do anything with capitalism. markets were often perceived by many american and east european economists, latin-american economists as part of socialism. markets would actually thrive and be fully free markets under a socialist system. it may seem strange to people who are not aware of this, but this is the way was.

>> host: how would you describe the u.s. economy today. >> guest: well, i can't talk about a freeze killed, but i would say that my students are often confused by this, but america is a capitalist country. we have private ownership of production. we do not have -- if you look at the percentages on any foreign state ownership it's much less than 1%. we are a capitalist country. there's no question. our students are often confused because they hear on the media that we a socialist a fascist, but there aren't taking consideration the two definitions of these systems. >> host: now, is there a true socialist country when it comes to the economy? >> guest: well, i try to talk about my book. there are numerous kinds of socialism. none of them were true socialists. for example, one of the cases the people often think of as one

of the two socialism's is the state socialism of the soviet union. the state socialism of the union was very different than other kinds of socialism's. there was the socialism of yugoslavia which included a radical free-market and worker owned and controlled factories that would compete on the market. so these -- none of these systems of socialism never realize themselves. people might say that some scandinavian countries in some sense approach something like socialism, but i think many socialists would disagree and say this is to form, a special form of capitalism. >> host: when you hear the term welfare state, what does that -- >> the form of capitalism. it's a form of capitalism that 610 fax make things create

quality. the welfare state in cannes and isn't is in no way socialism. trying to repair capitalism. that is a debate, but i don't think anyone could say the socialist. >> host: you talk about internationalism. hell is that changing the economy of the world? >> guest: internationalism is very interesting. the thing that we often don't recognize as during the cold war many people were traveling around back-and-forth. and so people were sharing ideas. these ideas change the system fundamentally. people traveled between the united states to a major universities of the united states, went to the soviet union. people won nobel prizes together during the cold war and people travel to the third world, eastern europe or from east and europe to latin america, all these different places. so was very important is that

people were not isolated. people were sharing ideas, and these ideas fundamentally create new economies. >> host: what do you find -- well, first of all, you teach sociology, not economics. >> guest: i know. i was a math major one point, so i like math. i'm a sociologists. sociologists and interested in numerous banks, one of which is the neoliberalism. very interesting because the liberal policies are being implemented worldwide. people want to know where these ideas come from, but people also want to know the consequences of these ideas on the world. what happens to people in different parts of the world and these things are actually implemented. always very interested in how people react. very interested in social movements that emerged the going against neoliberalism for other systems.

this is an evolving right now in different parts of the world. >> host: you say that they are being implemented. where they being implemented, and is this -- dca long term, lasting long-term? >> guest: this is a big debate among scholars actually because the first forms of neoliberalism were implemented in latin america in july when the government was brought down mildred and -- mill and friedman all helped introduce new liberalism and to chile. that was the big experimental zone. it was brought them into the united states, undeliverable paul's -- new liberal policies of been implemented. we also have neoliberalism brought ensanguined and then most importantly for my book, the importance of neoliberalism for east europeans. russia, poland, hundred, all the east european countries are influenced by neoliberalism

>> host: your first book speech the estimate is. in 1988 was an exchange student in budapest agree. went there and completely before the wall fell and did no. i just picked the place that i could go. a pitch budapest. i landed in this place. i couldn't believe what was happening. i was 20 years old. it was very unclear to me what was going on. it was unclear everybody, and so when i came back realized i had to understand what i had seen there. i saw something that other people hadn't. people hadn't been there this see what it was like it that time, so i thought i need to explain what happened. >> host: assistant professor of sociology in global affairs here at the george mason university. her first book published by stanford university press, markets and the name of socialism, the left-wing boards

and of neoliberalism. thank you for talking with us. >> guest: thank you very much. >> you're watching book tv on c-span2, 48 hours of nonfiction authors and books every weekend. >> as was said to that and the introduction, the pieces of this book in a nutshell is that politics -- the climate changed doesn't just look like bad weather, it also looks like i think violence, religious violence, civil war, counterinsurgency, xenophobic and aaron policing, and what i tried to do is @booktv these different situations the causality, the causal role of climate change, and a never argued a climate change is the sole driving force of violence in any one place, but that is a contributing factor. it always works in conjunction with pre-existing crisis.

the idea of the book came to me when i was reporting on the heroin economy in afghanistan. farmers cannot ask them why there were growing this illegal crop and running the risk that came with that of getting arrested, having their crop destroyed by the government's. one of -- part of the incident came up again and again in different places over the series of years was, well, poppy is very drug-resistant. a first to know that there was a drought in afghanistan. it turns out that afghanistan is suffering the worst drought in living memory which is coincided with the whole nato project of nation building in afghanistan. and poppy uses 1/5 to 16 the amount of water that we requires given this drought, this very severe drought, the worst in living memory, it's really one