specifically. there may be other types of information that would benefit from the look that but on what i focused on. i was interested in this much about constituency representation because for so long scholars say they represent a district or constituents of matter. and really wanting to unpack what that means, who is involv involved. >> what do you teacher at the university? >> i teach class on the u.s. congress, also a class on interest groups and classes on social movements. and introduction to american government so we're trying to get as many incoming freshmen and sophomores into political science as i can. >> to national interest groups affect constituency representation? >> i think they do. interest groups per se were not the focus of this research although i have done other works focusing specifically on legislative lobbying. i think the way they can really

impact how legislators perceive the district is by encouraging their members to make contact with them. that's something we know national interest groups are really good at is making it easy to send a letter, send an e-mail. they give you four letter sometimes. i think that makes a big difference and this book suggests it should sell legislators enact. >> we are going through a redistricting period right now for the u.s. congress. would it make sense to make districts more homogenous? >> yes. i think in theory it could be, right? it would make the job easier for the representatives and more homogenous. i say this, with two copies. the first is i think the sub constituencies in the district as issues. so the groups that are relevant on health care will be different than groups relevant on education. hospital administration and insurance matters a lot if we're

talking about health insurance. but matters not at all on other issues. to be very hard to actually make such homogenous districts because they configuration issues. citing practically there's a limitation to the. in addition there are other trade-offs making homogenous congressional districts and i don't know that that is a trade off we want to make. >> what do you mean? >> i think that there's a sense that there's some value democratically in having different viewpoints, different types of people together for the discourse that it should promote, and also the feasibility. it would perhaps require moving people around him voluntarily. so i think that making districts homogenous is even less likely than making them smaller. >> in the end, professor miler, do numbers of congress represent their constituents and has it gotten better or worse over the last 50 years? >> i think that they represent their constituents as they see them but i think the problem is

that they don't see all of their constituents, and so for me the story is really not one of deliberate misrepresentation or of corruption. i think most legislators want to represent their constituents and try hard to do it but, in fact, these cognitive limitations mean that they are not able to do so. >> turn 10, professor kristina miler is the author, cambridge university press. >> december 7, and 1941, a date which will live in infamy. >> this sunday for 24 hours american history tv looks at the japanese attack on american military forces at pearl harbor, including the seventh anniversary commemorative ceremony overlooking the uss arizona memorial at 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. eastern.

live call-in programs at noon, 2:00 and 45 with world war ii historian into 71941 author craig shirley and throughout the day, first person accounts from servicemen and civilians. this weeks national park service conference about pearl harbor, a tour of the visitor center and our footage of the attack and its aftermath. sunday on c-span threes american history tv. >> on your screen is well-known historian stanley weintraub whose most recent book is called "pearl harbor christmas." that was 70 years ago at this time. what was christmas 1941 like in this country? >> christmas 1941 was a very quiet time. people were stunned by what had happened at pearl harbor. this was the first christmas after the event, and so i wrote about the aftermath worldwide,

what it was like around the country, what it was like around the world. it was still a time when people would like to christmas trees. there was an official blackout but nobody paid attention. rationing hadn't begun yet, so the seriousness of the war hadn't really sunk in in the united states spent what was washington like at that time? where they gearing up for? >> washington was gearing up but in a very strange way. there were not really enough antiaircraft guns available in washington, although we never did have an air raid. but there were wooden mock air raids, aircraft guns up on the of buildings so people would feel that they were being protected. it was a strange christmas spent had a draft to start? >> the draft was started in 1940, before the war began, and

president roosevelt had a very difficult time in october 1941 renewing the draft, because they were so many isolationists in the country. the draft passed by one vote, because general marshall, the chief of staff, came to congress and pleaded with them. he said it's essential to be prepared, and they were prepared by one vote. >> stanley weintraub, what was president roosevelt christmas like? >> president roosevelt had a visitor from england, prime minister churchill. he took churchill to the foundry mess that his church in washington were christmas morning, and churchill for the first time in his life heard a little town of bethlehem sun. he was not a churchgoer, despite his name. >> stanley weintraub, this is your third book, isn't it, on christmas time? >> i think it may be my fourth. silent night, about the

christmas truce of 1914, world war i was the first. i did one on the revolution, george washington coming home at the end of the war and actually arriving at mount vernon on christmas eve. i did another on the battle of the bulge, 11 days in the summer, that was a wartime christmas. general sherman's christmas spent what is it about christm christmas? >> it's a remarkable time for families, and it was a remarkable time in our history over the years. i hope this will be my last christmas book. >> "pearl harbor christmas" is the name of the book. historian stanley weintraub is the author. spent you are watching 48 hours of nonfiction authors and books on c-span2's booktv.

>> this is book tv on c-span2, currently we are at the university of maryland in college park, maryland, in the katherine porter room, and we're talking with university of maryland professors who are also authors. we are pleased now to be joined by history professor jon sumida, who has written this book, "decoding clausewitz," a new approach to on more. professor sumida, who was carl levin clausewitz? >> he was a prussian officer who fought against napoleon in the words of the french revolution and by becky first win in action as a teenager in the 1790s. later rose to be a made great officer, was present at the great battle in 1806. was a subordinate of the chief

of staff andy army, and was a participant in the reform of the prussian army after its great defeat. in 1812 he resigned his commission because he disagrees with the king in terms of the decision to be an ally of france, the former any. so he goes over to the russian army, serves as an advisor to the czar, and is attached to senior russian commanders, fights at some of the great battles of 1812. it was at the retreat of the french army when his trap in the late fall of 1812 goes on when the prussians changed sides to fight at the great battles, and then in 1815 campaign, the waterloo